中考英语语法总复习(修订) 22页

中考英语语法总复习专题一基本句式与特殊句式一、基本句式※简单句是只包括一个主谓结构的句子：Shegavemeapen.※并列句是包含两个或两个以上的句子，句子之间常用并列连词连接。表示不同关系选择不同的连词：and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,aswellas,or,otherwise,either…or…,but,yet,still,however,while,※复合句在初中主要有：宾语从句,定语从句,状语从句（见后面的专题复习）二、特殊句式（一）祈使句：祈使句用来表示请求、命令等。它的主语you往往不说出。▲祈使句的肯定式：动词(原形)+其他如：①Pleasegivemeahand.▲祈使句的否定式：Don’t+动词原形+其他如：①Pleasedon’ttalkinlowvoices.※祈使句，and+将来时的句子（表示承接关系）祈使句，or+将来时的句子（表示否则关系）Getupearly,andyouwillgetthereontime.Getupearly,oryouwillbelateforthemeeting.▲注意祈使句在复合句和其它一些情况下看作将来时：Pleasecallmewhenshecomesback.(主将从现)-----Don’tbringitheretomorrow.---OK,Iwon’t.真题演练1.Getupearliernexttime,youwillhaveenoughtimetohavebreakfast.A.andB.soC.or2.Stopsmoking,youwillgetbettersoon.A.orB.butC.andD.so3.Hurryup,youwillbelateforschool.A.orB.butC.andD.So4.Studyhard,youwillfailthetest.A.andB.soC.or（二）感叹句：感叹句用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情。句末常用“！”（1）what引导的感叹句：1.what+a/an+adj+单数名词（+主语+谓语）！_______acleverboyheis!2.what+adj+复数名词（+主语+谓语）！_______heavyboxestheyare!3.what+adj+不可数名词（+主语+谓语）！_______badweather!（2）how引导的感叹句：1.How+adj/adv+（主语+谓语）！_________hardtheyareworking!2.How+adj+a/an+单数名词（+主语+谓语）！Howtallaboyheis!（3）what与how引导的感叹句之间的转换：1.______beautifulgirlsheis!=______beautifulthegirlis!（4）几个常见的感叹句：1.______greatfunitis!2.______importantinformation!3.______goodnews!（5）感叹句常见不可数名词food,work,weather,fun,information,news,advice,真题演练1.________beautiful day it is!Let"s go and have a picnic in the park. A.How B.What a C.What 22 2.______wide the streets are!   A.What B.How C.What a3.--________interesting talk Mr.Black gave us!   --Yes.We all like it very much.   A.How B.What a C.What an 4.meeting it is!   A. What a important B. What important C. How animportant D. What an important 5.--Have you seen the film Alice in Wonderful?   ---Yes. ____________ wonderful film it is!   A. What B.What a C.How6._________happily the children are flying kites!   A.What B.What a C.How7.－JaneZhangisgoingtoholdaconcerthereinJuly.－Really?_____excitingnews!A.HowB.WhatanC.What8.GuanDongsavedanoldladyoutoftheYangtzeRiver._____greatcourageheshowed!A.WhataB.WhatC.HowaD.How9.－_____nicedaytoday!－Yeah,let’stakeawalkoutside.A.WhataB.WhatC.How10.－ThepassengershipEasternStarcapsizedintheYangtzeRiverontheeveningofJune1st.－_____badnews!Canwedosomethingtohelpwiththerescue(救援)?A.WhataB.WhatC.HowaD.How（三）反意疑问句：陈述句+附加疑问句？※原则：1.前肯后否，前否后肯2.前名后代3.时态一致StudentsarereadingEnglishintheclassroom,aren’tthey?Thereisn’tabookonthedesk,isthere?※若陈述句部分含有never,few,little,hardly,no,seldom,nobody,nothing…否定词、半否定词时，附加疑问句用肯定形式。Hecanhardlyunderstandit,canhe?※句中有反义词的句子的反意疑问句，仍把它作为肯定形式。Heisunhappy,isn’the?※祈使句的反意疑问句（无论否定还是肯定）都为willyou?Don’tmakesomuchnoise,willyou?Pleasekeepquiet,willyou?※Let’s的反意疑问句为shallwe?Letus的反意疑问句为willyou?Letusgotothemovietogether,willyou?/Let’sgotothemovietogether,willyou?※当陈述句是主从复合句时,其附加疑问句应与主句保持一致Hesaidthathewouldleaveheretomorrow,didn’the?若主句为Ithink/believe/suppose/imagine/expect时，其疑问句应与从句保持一致Ithinkyoucandotheseexercisesalone,can’tyou?Idon’tthinkyoucandotheseexercisesalone,canyou?※陈述句中有has/have/had时，一定要注意助动词的选择Theyhadtoleaveearly,____________?Hehasfewfriendsinthenewschool,____________?HehasneverbeentoBeijing,__________?ShehadstudiedafewEnglishsongsbytheendoflastmonth.,____________?※反义疑问句的回答：反义疑问句的回答要根据事实作答，若事实是肯定的，就用yes+肯定形式。若事实是否定的，就用No,+否定形式。22 真题演练1.CindycouldhardlyspeakEnglishthreeyearsago,________?A.couldn"tshe      B.couldshe     C.canshe2.Alicehadawonderfultimeyesterday,_______?A.hadn’tshe    B.wasn’tsheC.didn’tshe3.–Shedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday,didshe?–______,thoughshewasnotfeelingwell.A.No,shedidn’t     B.Yes,shedidn’tC.No,shedid         D.Yes,shedid4.Hehasreadthisbookbefore,           ?A.hasn’the    B.doesn’theC.isn’the5.–Let’sgoforawalk,_____?--OK,I’mcoming.Don’tforgettobringyourcamera,______?A.willyou;willyou    B.willyou;shallweC.shallwe;shallwe    D.shallwe;willyou6.Wehavetofinishtheworknow,_____?A.don’tweB.haven’tweC.haveweD.dowe7.－Don’tbelateforschoolnexttime,_____?－No,Iwon’t.A.areyouB.willyouC.doyouD.didyou8.Nancy,seeptheclassroom,_____?A.don’tyouB.doyouC.willyouD.doesn’tshe9.－It’sFather’sDaytoday,_____?－Yes,let’sbuyagiftforDad.A.isn’theB.doesn’titC.isn’tit（四）倒装句（1）肯定倒装句“so+be动词/助动词／情态动词+主语”，表示某人也怎么样---ShehasbeentoBeijingtwice.---Sohavehisparents.(2)否定倒装句“Neither/Nor+be动词/助动词／情态动词+主语”，表示某人也不怎么样---Shedidn’tgetupearlyyesterdaymorning.---Neitherdidhissister.Ifshedoesn’tgotheretomorrow,neither/norwillI(3)“so+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词”意为“的确如此”，表示前者和后者所指同一人时，说话者表示同意前者的观点，。—LiLeilikessports.—SohedoesandsodoI.（4）当句首为副词here，there且主语为名词时，应用完全倒装。Herecomesthebus!./Theregoesthebell.!（5）only修饰时间、地点、方式等状语时，应用部分倒装。Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem.OnlywhenyoutoldmedidIknowhername.注意：如果only修饰的不是状语，则句子不倒装。OnlyUncleLiknowshowithappened.（6）由notonly…..butalso…..引起的并列句，若将notonly置于句首时，该分句应部分倒装，butalso引导的分句不倒装。Notonlydidhegivemesomeadvice,butalsohelentmesomemoney.真题演练1.---Cathycouldswimwhenshewasonly4yearsold.---_______________.A.SodidJack.B.SocanJackC.SocouldJack2.MybrotherandIwillgotothelibrarytomorrow.–.Shallwegotogether?A.SoIwillB.SodoIC.SowillI3.----Myparentsenjoymusic.----_________________.22 A.Sodoesmysister.B.SodidmysisterC.Somysisterdoes4.--IhearLinTaomadeanEnglishspeechatthegraduationceremonyyesterday.--_______,and_______.A.Sohedid;sodidIB.Sodidhe;soIdidC.Sohewas;sowasI5.—IhaveneverbeentoQingdaobefore.—_____.ButIwanttospendmysummervacationtherenextyear.A.NeitherdoIB.NeitherhaveIC.SohaveI6.—IhaveseenthefilmWhereAreWeGoing,Dad?—______.Ithinkit’swonderful.A.NeitherhaveIB.SohaveIC.SoIhave7.－Theygotoschoolearlyinthemorning.－_____A.SodoTom.B.SoTomdo.C.SodoesTom.D.SoTomdoes.8.—Whatlanguageisthatguyspeaking?Icanhardlycatchasingleword!—_____.He"sfromIndia,soIguessitisHindi.A.NeitherIcanB.NeithercanIC.SoIcanD.SocanI专题二主谓一致（语法，就近，意义一致三原则）一、就近原则1.由并列结构或连词（either…or，neither…nor，not…but，notonly…butalso，or等）连接的并列主语，谓语动词与较近的那个名词或代词保持一致2.在therebe句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。二．意义一致原则1.当主语与谓语动词之间插入alongwith，with，aswellas，togetherwith，besides，except，but，including等短语时，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致2.英语的集体名词（family,public,group,team,class等词），指代“整体”时为单数；指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。Myfamily____(be)verypoorwhenIwasalittlegirlMyfamily______(be)alllookingforwardforyourcoming.3.词组“anumberof”作主语时，谓语动词应用复数；“thenumberof”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Anumberofancientbuildings__(be)destroyedinthewar.Thenumberofthevisitors__(have)decreasedthisyear.4.“数量词+(of)+名词”作主语时，若“of”后的名词为单数（不可数名词），则谓语动词用单数，如果名词为复数，则谓语动词用复数。Mostofthewaterhere______(be)clean.80%cotton______(have)beensenttoAmerica.Halfoftheapples______(be)red.三．整体原则1.从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词用单数。Whentoleave_____(be)notbeendecided.WatchingTVtoomuch_____(be)badforyoureyes.注：如果主语是两个(或两个以上)的名词性从句，谓语动词常用复数。Whathesaidandwhathedid_____(be)alwaysdifferentlastnight.2.如果两个以上的名词组成一个整体概念作主语时，谓语动词须用单数。Thenovelistandpoet__goingtoEuropenextyear.Thenovelistandthepoet__(be)goingtoEuropenextyear.22 3.表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数。10minutesisenough.4.“the+姓氏名词的复数”表示“一家人、….夫妇”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。TheBlacks______(enjoy)workinginChina.四．个体原则1.every+….andevery+…..或each+…andeach+…作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Everymanandeverywoman_____(be)busyatworking.2.英语句中的each，either，neither等词，作代词充当主语，修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Neitherofus_____(have)beenabroad.Neitheranswer_____(be)wrong.3.由some,anyevery,no构成的复合词（somebody，nobody，everything，anything等）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Somebody______(be)waitingforyouattheschoolgate.4.成双成对出现的复数名词（glasses，shoes，trousers，pants，gloves等）作主语时，通常谓语动词用复数，但前面有a/thepairof；a/thesuitof等词语时，则谓语动词要与量词（pair,suit,piece）在单复数上保持一致。Apairofscissors_______(be)usefultoolforadressmaker.Twopiecesofpaper______(be)onthedesk.5.以复数形式出现，却表示单数意义（maths,physics,news…）谓语用单数。　Maths_____(be)myfavoritesubject.6.“the+形容词（old/young/rich/poor）”表示“一类人”，作主语时，谓语用复数Theyoung______(like)listeningtopopularsongs.真题演练()1.Nowinourclass,thestudentseachanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.A.hasB.haveC.ishavingD.arehaving()2.NeitherWeiHuanorAnnontheteam.A.isB.areC.goesD.go()3.BothKateandIreadyforthepicnicnow.A.isnotB.isgettingC.aregettingD.amgetting()4.—Howmuchtheshoes?—Fivedollarsenough.A.is;isB.are;isC.were;areD.is;are()5.—Anumberofstudentsinthedininghall.—Letmecount.Thenumberofthestudentsabout400.A.are;isB.is;areC.are;areD.is;is()6.Tolosethemselvesinthenetbaronteenagers’future.A.haveabadeffectB.hasabadeffectC.haveagoodeffectD.hasagoodeffect()7.Doingeyeexercisesgoodforoureyes.A.isB.areC.wereD.be()8.Nobodyexceptyoulateforthemeetingyesterdayafternoon.A.wereB.wasC.isD.are()9.Threekilometersalittlefar.You’dbettertakeataxi.A.wereB.willbeC.wasD.is()10.Asweallknow,theJapaneseJapanese.22 A.speakB.speaksC.spokeD.spoken()11.Neithermyfathernormymotherrockmusic.Theythinkthatit’stoo.A.like;noiseB.likes;noiseC.like;noisyD.likes;noisy()12.EachofthegirlsheretotheWestLaketwice.A.havegoneB.havebeenC.hasgoneD.hasbeen()13.Theregoingtobeabasketballmatchthisafternoon.A.areB.isC.haveD.will()14.—PhysicsmoredifficultthanChinese.Doyouthinkso?—Yes,Ithinkso.A.isB.areC.hasD.have()15.—Howmuchisthepairofshoes?Twentydollarsenough.A.isB.wereC.amD.was()16.Neithertheheadmasternortheteachers_____takeavacationnextweek.A.weregoingtoB.isgoingtoC.wasgoingtoD.aregoingto()17.－Whatwouldyouliketohaveforsupper?－Eithernoodlesorrice_____OK.Idon’tmind.A.areB.wereC.isD.was()18.EverybodyexceptMikeandLinda_____therewhenthemeetingbegan.A.isB.areC.wasD.were专题三连词与复合句一、连词与状语从句1、连词的分类：连词分为并列连接词和从属连接词两种。①、并列连接词连接并列的词、短语、从句或句子。常见有：and(和),but(但是),or(或者,否则),nor(也不),so(所以),however(然而,无论如何),for(因为),still(可是),aswellas(也),both...and...(...和...),notonly...butalso...(不但…而且…),either…or…(或…或…),neither…nor…(既不…也不…)等。补充：(1)表并列关系的and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor等。(2)表选择关系的or,either…or等。(3)表转折关系的but,while等。(4)表因果关系的for,so等。②、从属连接词用于引导从句常见的有：when(当…时候),while(正当…时候),after(在…之后),before(在…之前),since(自从),until(直到),although/though(虽然),if(假如),as…as…(和…一样),asfaras(就…而言),aslongas(只要),assoonas(一…就…),evenif(即使),because(因为),unless(除非),whether(是否…),inorderthat…(为了),so…that…(如此…以致),sothat…(以便),nowthat…(现在既然),bythetime…(到…时候),everytime…(每当),asif…(好像),nomatterwhen=whenever(无论何时),nomatterwhere=wherever(无论在哪里)2.状语从句(1)引导时间状语从句的after,before,when,while,as,until,till,since,assoonas等。(2)引导条件状语从句的if,unless等。(3)引导原因状语从句的because,as,since等。(4)引导目的状语从句的sothat,inorderthat等。(5)引导让步状语从句的though,although,evenif=eventhough等。(6)引导结果状语从句的sothat,so…that,such…that等。22 补充：时间状语从句与条件状语从句中要用“主将从现”though与although不可以与but同时使用,但在句中可加still或yet连用so…that中的so是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词，such...that中的such是个形容词，后接名词或名词短语真题演练()1.Sheisanicegirlweallwanttohelpher.A.such;thatB.too;toC.so;thatD.very;that()2.Mr.Greenspeaksveryloudlyallthepeoplecanhearhimclearly.A.whenB.sothatC.becauseD.inorderto()3.Jackspendsmuchmoneyonbooksheisnotsorich.A.thoughB.whenC.ifD.because()4.Tomorrowwe’regoingtoXinhuPark.Youcancomewithus　　　youcanmeetusattheschoolgate.A.andB.butC.unlessD.then()5.Itisaverybeautifulhouse,　　　ithasn’tgotagarden.A.butB.becauseC.soD.or()6.　　　Tom　　　Maryplaystheviolinwell,sotheycanteachyou.A.Neither;norB.Notonly;butalsoC.Both;andD.Either;or()7.Kate,myfriendiswaitingoutside,　　　Imustgonow.A.orB.butC.soD.though()8.—CanyoutellmesomethingaboutHongKong?—I’msorry.　　　I　　　Jackhasbeenthere.A.Either;orB.Neither;norC.Both;andD.Notonly;butalso()9.It’squitecommoninBritaintosay“Thankyou”tothedriverspeoplegetoffthebus.A.unlessB.sinceC.untilD.when()10.—Tommy,doyouknowifFranktothezoothisSundayifit?—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.willgo;isfineB.goes;isfineC.willgo;isgoingtobefineD.goes;willbefine()11.IbegantoworkinShanghaiintheyear_______HongKongwasreturnedtoChina.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.when()12.Davidwillmisstheplane　　　hehurriesup.A.onceB.ifC.whenD.unless()13.It’saseriousproblem.Ican’tdecide　　　MissBlackcomesback.A.soB.whileC.untilD.since()14.Isentmystorybooktomysister　　　Ilikeditverymuch.A.ifB.thoughC.whenD.before()15.You’dbetterlookupthenewwordinthedictionary　　　youdon’tknowit.A.ifB.soC.thoughD.whether()16.Myaunthasbeenteachinginthisschool　　　shewastwenty-twoyearsold.A.sinceB.forC.untilD.after()17.Remembertowashyourhands　　　youhavedinner,mychild.A.untilB.beforeC.whenD.while()18.Ihavekeptthewatch　　　itwasgivenbymygrandfatherseveralyearsago.A.becauseB.soC.untilD.if22 ()19.MyfatherlikeswatchingTV　　　heishavingbreakfast.A.thoughB.becauseC.untilD.while()20.ItoldTonytheexcitingnews　　　hecamebackhomelastnight.A.sothatB.assoonasC.howeverD.until(21.—Whatshallwedonow?—　　　it’srainingheavily,let’sstayathome.A.SinceB.SoC.ThoughD.If二、宾语从句1.考查宾语从句的语序：宾语从句的语序用陈述句语序。即“引导词+主语+谓语+……”Doyouknowwhen__________?A.doesthenexttrainleaveB.thenexttrainleaves2.考查宾语从句的引导词1).若宾语从句时陈述句时，引导词用that且that可省掉Shesaid(that)shewasgoingtoAmericathenextday.2).宾语从句时一般疑问句时，引导词用if或whether，翻译为“是否”.补充：一般情况下if/whether可互换，但后有ornot/or、动词不定式或介词的后面时，只能用whether.I’mthinkingabout______togothere.A.ifB.whetherC.that3).宾语从句时特殊疑问句时，引导词用特殊疑问词who,what,howmuch等。Doyouknow________?I’mnotsure,Maybeheisabusinessman.A.whoheisB.whoisheC.whathedoesD.whatdoeshedo3.宾语从句的时态1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。Canyoutellme_________?Heisadoctor.A.whatisheB.whathewasC.whatheisD.whatwashe2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态Heasked____________.A.whattimeitisB.whattimeisitC.whattimeitwasD.whattimewasitHetoldmethathe______forthesportsmeet.A.ispreparingB.waspreparingC.willprepareD.hasprepared注：1)如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。OurteachersaidthatJanuary__thefirstmonthoftheyear.Ourteachersaidthattheearth_(go)aroundthesun.2).若主句为couldyou…..?表示请求客气的语气，从句的时态仍然不变。Couldyoutellme_______?A.whathewasdoingB.whatwashedoingC.whatheisdoingD.whatishedoing真题演练()1.YourT-shirtissocool.Couldyoutellme?A.whereyoubuyitB.wheredoyoubuyitC.whereyouboughtitD.wheredidyoubuyit()2.—Doyouknowthemanwithglassesis?—Areporter,Ithink.A.whatB.thatC.whoD.where()3.－Excuseme,canyoutellme_____?－Atabout8o’clock.A.whattimetheplanearriveinBeijingB.whattimetheplanewillarriveBeijingC.whattimetheplanewillreachBeijingD.whattimewilltheplanegettoBeijing22 ()4.－Couldyoutellme_____theDragonBoatFestivalinChina?－Sure.Peopleusuallywatchthedragonboatracesandeatzongzi.A.whendopeoplecelebrateB.whypeoplecelebrateC.howpeoplecelebrate()5.－Doyouknow_____?－Yes.It’sonyourtable.A.wheremydictionaryisB.whereismydictionaryC.whenIboughtmydictionary()6.－Doyouknow_____?－Foramonth.A.howlongwillshebeawayB.howlongshewillbeawayC.howoftenwillshegothereD.howoftenshewillgothere()7.－Iwonder_____.－Yes,ofcourse.A.wherewecanbuythepartsB.howoftenyouhearformyoursisterC.ifImayhaveawordwithyouD.whyhearrivedlateyesterday()8.一Excuseme,MissChen,couldyoutellme_____?—ItisshortfortheSilkRoadEconomicBeltand21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoad.A.whattheBeltandRoadmeantB.whatdoestheBeltandRoadmeanC.whattheBeltandRoadmeans()9.Couldyoutellme_____amomentago?A.whatweretheytalkingaboutB.whataretheytalkingaboutC.whattheyweretalkingaboutD.whattheyaretalkingabout()10.－Doyouknow_____?－Sorry,Idon’tknow.A.howoldisheB.howoldheisC.howolddoeshe()11.－Couldyoupleasetellme_____?－Abouttwentyminutesago.A.whendidyouseethiskidB.wheredidyouseethiskidC.whenyousawthiskidD.whereyousawthiskid()12.Thismorningmymotheraskedme_____.A.whyheisnothereB.whereJuliawentlastweekendC.whattimeisitD.howdidmybrotherdoit()13.－DidyouhaveagoodtimeinJining?－Comeandhavealook.Myphotoswillshowyou_____.A.howwasthetripB.whydidwegothereC.howwewentthereD.whatthetripwaslike()14.－Excuseme,couldyoutellme_____?－Infiveminutes.A.howsoonwillthefilmbeginB.howsoonthefilmwillbeginC.howlongthefilmhasbeenonD.howlonghasthefilmbeenon()15.－Ms.Perry,canyoutellme_____?－Africa.A.whatthebabygiraffelikeseatingB.whythebabygiraffelooksunhappyC.whenthebabygiraffewasbornD.wherethebabygiraffecamefrom()16.－Canyoutellme_____?－Sure.HelivesonCenterStreet.A.wheredoesheliveB.wherehelivesC.whyhelivesthereD.whatdoeshedo()17.Idon’tknow_____.A.whereshecomesfromB.howoldissheC.whenwassheborn()18.－I’dliketoknow_____.－Maybeintheforest.A.whetherwewillgocampingB.wherewewillgocampingC.whetherwillwegocampingD.wherewillwegocamping()19.－Yourbookisveryinteresting.Couldyoutellme_____?22 －InXinhuaBookstorenexttoourschool.A.wheredidyoubuyitB.whydidyoubuyitC.whereyouboughtitD.whyyouboughtit三、定语从句1.定语从句的概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。3.关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。如that、which、who、whose、where、when等。4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。关系词指代在定语从句中的作用that既指人也指物作主语、宾语which指物作主语、宾语who指人作主语whom指人作宾语whose既指人也指物作定语补充：1.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that，which均可.但下列情况，只用that不用which。1).当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、theone等时，只能用that。Thereisnothing______Icandoforyou.2).先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,all,no,little等词修饰,只用that。Thisistheverybook___I’mlookingfor.3).先行词被序数词修饰时，只用that.Thisisthefirsttextbook______Istudiedinthemiddleschool.4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。Thisisthemostbeautifulmountain______Ihaveeverseen5).先行词既有人也有物时，只能that。Hetoldusmanyinterestingthingsandpersons_______wehad.2.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况，只能用which不用that。1).关系代词前有介词时，关系词只能用which。Thisisthebuildingin______helives.2)非限定性的定语从句（先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开），关系词用which。Hisbook,______waslostlastweek,hasbeenfoundnow.3.先行词是人时，一般情况下既可用who也可用that。但以下情况下，只能用who。1).当先行词为those、one、ones、anyone且作主语时,一般用who.Those____aresingingareallmyclassmates.5.由关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句where=in/at+whichwhen=in/on/at+whichwhy=for+which1.由where引导的定语从句。1).先行词是表示地点的名词2).在定语从句中作地点状语Isthisthehouse____youlived?=Isthisthehouse_______youlived?=Isthisthehouse___youlivedin?22 2.由when引导的定语从句。1).先行词是表示时间的名词2).在定语从句中作时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedays______Imethim.=Iwillneverforgetthedays________Imethim.3.由why引导的定语从句。先行词为reason时，一般用why。why在句中作原因状语。Wedon’tknowthereason______theydidn’tcome.补充：1.关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可省略。Thestory_____hetoldwasverypopular.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD./2.that、who、which在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。Ilovessingerswho_______(write)theirownsongs.Sheisoneofthegirlswho______(study)hard.3.定语从句中whose的确定：无论先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定语用whose。判断：看定语从句的主语前有无限定词（my、your、Jim’s等），若没有，则用whoseThegirl_____parentsworkinBeijingisKate.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.that真题演练1.—What are you looking for? –I’m looking for the pen _____ my father gave me last week.A. who  B. which  C. it2.—Do you know the girl _____ is sitting under the tree? –Yes, she is my little sister. A. which   B. whom   C. who 3.—Do you enjoy My heart(心) will go on? –No, I prefer songs ______ loud.    A. that is  B. which is  C. that are  4.George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.A who   B he  C which. 5.The police caught the man______ stole my handbag.A. he   B that  C which  6.The dress _____ she is wearing today was a birthday present from her aunt.   A  what  B it  C  that. 7.With the money ____ he had saved, he went on with his studies at school. A what  B that  C. who  8.The songs ____ Beetles sang were very popular. A which  B who  C whose. 9.I’m looking at the picture_____ you sent me with your letterA. who   B. which     C. it        10.The letter ____ I received from him yesterday is very importantA who  B  that  C what  11.This is the primary school ____ I studied three years ago.  A. where  B. when  C. which 12.I will never forget the day ___ we spent together.A. when B. who C. that 13.Thephoto_____takenbymybrotherlastweekisverynice.A.whichwereB.thatisC.thatwereD.whichwas14.Thewoman_____isthemostimportantinmylifeismymother.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.what15.Thestories_____werewrittenbyMarkTwainareoftenhumorous.A.thatB.thoseC.whoD.what22 16.Everyone_____hasbeentoShanghaisaysitisamoderncity.A.whyB.whoseC.whoD.which17.－Whyareyousoworried?－I’velostthewatch_____mydadboughtmeonmybirthday.A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which18.Wedon’tlikepeople_____talktoomuchbutneverdoanything.A.whoseB.whoC.whenD.which19.Afriendissomeone_____says,“What!Youtoo?IthoughtIwastheonlyone!”A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whose20.Thisisthebook_____tellsmanyEnglishstories.A.whatB.whichC.who专题四动词的分类和时态一、动词的分类(一)实义动词：实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词如：love,read,die,run1.及物动词与不及物动词2.延续性动词与非延续性动词(二)系动词：如be动词和感官动词(三)助动词：does;do;has;have;did;had;will等二、易混淆动词及短语1.usedtodosth；beusedtodoingsth；beusedtodosth2.arrive,get和reach表示“到达”3.borrow,lend和keep4.dress,puton和wear:5.bring,take,carry和fetch6.die,dead,death,dying7.spend,cost，take和pay8.lookfor，find，findout9.lose,forget和leave10.join,takepartin和attend11.lose,fail,beat和win真题演练()1.－Tom,it’scoldoutside._____yourcoatwhenyougoout.－OK,Mom.A.TakeoffB.TakeawayC.PutawayD.Puton()2.—Itwill_____onlyabout50minutestotraveltoMountWuyibyhigh-speedrailway.—Wow,howexciting!Ican’twait.A.takeB.spendC.cost()3.Weplannedtomeetat10:30atthestationlastSunday,butBobdidn’t_____until12:00.A.turnupB.giveupC.stayupD.growup()4.Itisnecessaryforeveryoneto_____agoodhabitofreading.A.enjoyB.chooseC.developD.accept()5.－What’swrongwithyou,Eric?Youlooktired.－I_____toprepareforthefinalexamlastnight.A.pickedupB.wokeupC.putupD.stayedup()6.Wehaveto_____thebikeridebecauseofthebadweather.22 A.putoffB.turnoffC.takeoffD.getoff()7.TheAppleWatchisverybeautiful,butit’stooexpensive.SoIcan’t_____it.A.saveB.supportC.offerD.afford()8.－It’sreportedthatChinese_____morethan40minutesadayreadingWeChat(微信).－It’strue.ButIthinkWeChatistakingtoomuchofourtime.A.spendB.costC.payD.take()9.－Couldyou_____thecomputerforme,dear?Iwanttocheckmye-mails.－Certainly,I’lldoitrightaway.A.turnonB.turndownC.turnoffD.turnup()10.Theboyissleeping.Please_____theradio.A.turnupB.turnoffC.turnon()11.Theywalkedhomelastnightbecausetheycouldn’t_____totakeataxi.A.leaveB.buyC.affordD.allow()12.It’sgettingdark.Wouldyouplease_____thelight?A.getonB.getoffC.turnonD.turnoff三、动词的时态1.一般现在时(do/does)1）表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never2）表示现在的状态，性格，爱好等。3)表示客观真理，客观存在，自然现象4)表示按照时刻表规定好了的5）主将从现2.一般过去时（did）1）表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,justnow,theotherday,in1982等连用2）表示在过去，经常或反复发生的动作。常与often,always等表示频度的副词连用3.一般将来时Willdo/begoingtodo/betodo/beabouttodo1）Willdo表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow,nextyear等连用2）begoingtodo表示主语进行某一行动的打算意图，经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思。即计划，安排要发生的事3）begoingtodo表示说话人确信如此或有某种迹象表明某事即将发生Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm4）betodo表示客观安排或受人指示而将要做某事5）beabouttodo，意为立刻，马上做某事。不能与tomorrow,nextweek等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.4.过去将来时would+动词原形was/weregoingto+动词原形1）表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。Hesaidthathewouldfinishhisworkbefore9o’clock.2）表示过去的某种习惯，只要would。22 例如：Wheneverhehasbeenintrouble,wewouldgivehimahand5.现在进行时(am/is/aredoing)1）表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生或进行的动作。常与now,rightnow,atthismoment等时间壮语连用2）表示现阶段（说话前后一段时间内），一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovelthismonth.1）表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，常与always,constantly,forever等词连用，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。Youarealwayschangingyourmind.2）表示渐变，这样的动词有：get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。Theleavesareturningred.叶子在变红。3）表示按计划或安排要发生的动作，表示将来。I"mleavingtomorrow.6.过去进行时（was/weredoing）1）表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与表过去的时间壮语连用。Atthismomentyesterday,Iwaspackingforcamp.2）在含有时间壮语从句的复合句中，表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个动作正在进行。Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation7.现在完成时（have/hasdone）1）表示到目前为止已经完成，强调结果Ihavewashedmyclothes.2）表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能还要延续。往往和表示一段时间的时间壮语连用，常用的有：for＋一段时间；since+过去时间点或从句。（Since用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度），提问用Howlong，动词必须为延续性动词。TheyhavelearnedEnglishforeightyears8.过去完成时（haddone）表示在过去某一动作或时间之前就已经完成的动作，即过去的过去TheyhadfinishedtheworkbythetimeIarrivedthere.真题演练1.ThelasttimeI______tothecinemawastwoyearsago.A.goB.havegoneC.went2.—HaveyoueverbeentoCanada?—Yes,Itherelastyearwithmyparents.A.havebeenB.havegoneC.went3.Bettywillringmeupwhenshe_______inBeijing.A.willarriveB.arrivesC.arrived4.－WhereisJohn?－He______thesciencelab.A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.wentto5.—HowdoyoulikeyourEnglishteacher?—Heisgreat.Wefriendssincethreeyearsago.A.havebecomeB.havemadeC.havebeen6.Listen,ourteachers______RedSongsinthenextroom.A.sangB.aresingingC.sings7.Yesterdayevening,I_____alongthestreetwhenIsuddenlymetmymathsteacher.A.amwalkingB.walkedC.waswalking8.—HaveyoueverbeentoHongKong?—Yes,I＿＿＿therelastmonth.A.havegonetoB.havebeenC.went9.TodayisWomen"sDay.MyfatherandI________aspecialgiftformymothernow.22 A.makeB.madeC.aremaking10.Mr.Li_____usareportonourenvironmentwhentheearthquakehappenedinJapan.A.gaveB.isgivingC.wasgiving11.AlthoughBillisn’trichenough,heoften______moneytothepoor.A.gaveB.wasgivingC.gives12.Echo_____forhalfamonth.She’llcomehackintwomonths.A.leftB.hasbeenawayC.hasleft13.－BenandSuearen’thome,arethey?－No.They_____toLondononbusiness.A.havegoneB.goC.havebeenD.willgo14.－Whydidthecarhittheboy?－Becausethedriver_____onthephoneatthattime.A.talkB.istalkingC.wastalking15.－Icalledyouathalfpastninethismorning,buttherewasnoanswer.－Oh,sorry.I_____withmycousininthesupermarket.A.shoppingB.wasshoppingC.shoppedD.willshop16.Sofar,theAIIB（亚投行）_____57countriestobethefoundingmembers.A.attractedB.hasattractedC.willattract17.－WillyouseethefilmCinderellawithustonight?－No,I_____itlastweek.A.seeB.haveseenC.saw18.－Icalledyoulastnight,butyoudidn’tanswer.－Sorry,Grace.I_____IamASingerwhenthephonerang.A.amwatchingB.waswatchingC.havewatched19.PremierZhouEnlai_____formanyyears,hestilllivesintheheartsofChinesepeople.A.diedB.hasdiedC.hasbeendiedD.hasbeendead20.－HaveyouwatchedthenewmovieJurassicworld,Steven?－Notyet.I_____itwithmycousinthisevening.A.willwatchB.waswatchingC.watchedD.havewatched21.－Whenshallwebeginourmeeting?－We’llbeginitwhenHelen_____.A.comesB.cameC.willcomeD.come专题五被动语态1.被动语态的基本结构为：be+动词的过去分词时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+done一般过去时didwas/were+done现在进行时am/is/are+doingam/is/are+beingdone现在完成时have/has+donehave/has+beendone一般将来时will+dobegoingto+dowill+bedonebegoingto+bedone过去进行时was/were+doingwas/were+beingdone过去完成时had+donehad+beendone过去将来时would+dobegoingto+dowould+bedonebegoingto+bedone含有情态动词can/may/must+docan/may/must+bedone2.被动语态的用法：在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况：（1）不知道动作的执行者是谁。如：ThiswatchismadeinChina．（2）没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如：Moretreesmustbeplantedeveryyear．。22 （3）需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如：Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld．（4）句子的主语是动作的承受者。如：Manyhouseswerewashedawaybytheflood．3.注意事项：主动句中在感官动词see，hear，watch，feel，notice等，及使役动词let，make，have等后跟省略to的不定式，变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号to。如：Hemakesthegirlstayathome．（变为被动语态）→Thegirlismadetostayathomebyhim．真题演练1.Manyhouses_____bytheearthquakeandthousandsofpeoplewerelefthomeless.A.damagedB.weredamagedC.weredamagingD.aredamaged2.—Don’tsmokehere,Dad.Smoking_____inpublicplaces.—Oh,sorry.I’llstoprightnow.A.isn’tallowedB.aren’tallowedC.doesn’tallow3.Thenovel_____bymanypeopletoday.A.isreadB.arereadC.readsD.wereread4.－DidJackcometoourpartyyesterday?－No,he_____.A.didn’tinviteB.wasn’tinvitedC.isn’tinvitedD.hasn’tinvited5.－Who’sthebabyinthephoto?－It’sme.Thephoto_____tentearsago.A.tookB.wastakenC.wastaking6.Somestudentsinthisschool_____abroadasexchangestudentseveryyear.A.sentB.sendC.aresent7.－Claudia,areyougoingtoMike’sbirthdaypartyonSunday?－UnlessI_____.A.aminvitedB.invitedC.wasinviting8.－Howcleanyourcaris!－Thankyou.It_____veryoften.A.iswashedB.washesC.waswashedD.washed9.Ournewlibrary_____lastyear.Weenjoyreadingandstudyinginit.A.builds B.built C.isbuilt D.wasbuilt10.Anewschool_____lastyearinmyhometown.A.setupB.setsupC.issetupD.wassetup11.-----Yourclassroomisveryclean.-----Yes,it______everyday.A.iscleanedB.cleansC.iscleaning10.—Who’sthelittlebabyinthephoto,LiYing?—It’sme.Thisphoto______fourteenyearsago.A.istakenB.tookC.wastaken11.Wastepapershouldn’t_____everywhere.It’sourdutytokeepourclassroomclean.A.bethrownB.throwC.isthrown12.—Suihuaissobeautiful.It"slikeabiggarden.—Yes.Manytreesandflowers_______inourcityeveryyear.A.areplantingB.areplantedC.wereplanted专题六非谓语动词动词不定式：（to）+动词原形非谓语动名词：V.-ing动词22 分词：V.-ing/V.-ed（规则变化）（一）动词不定式:to+动词原形，有时可以不用to;否定形式是not+（to+）动词原形1.不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为：It+be+adj.（+for/ofsb.）+动词不定式注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。2.不定式作宾语1)有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，如wouldlike,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等2）在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。3）常见的一些不带to的动词不定式Whynotdo,Whydon"tyoudo,hadbetter(not)d0,wouldratherdo,could/would/willyouplease（not）do...3.不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如tell,ask,want,allow,get,wouldlike,encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感（feel）、二听（hear,listento）、三让（let,make,have）、四看（lookat,see,watch,notice）。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。4.不定式作定语①不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。Ihavemuchhomeworktodo.②如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.没有什么可担心的5.不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。Idon’tknowwheretogo=Idon’tknowwhereIshouldgo.6.不定式表目的，意为“为了……”Hestudyhardtogetgoodgrades.为了取得好成绩，他努力学习。（二）动名词:由“动词原形+ing”构成1.V-ing做主语、谓语动词用单数形式Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.2.英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。如：finish,mind,beworth,bebusy,practice,havefun,havetrouble/problem（in）,spend...（in）,feellike,beusedto（习惯于）,giveup,keepon,consider,suggest,can"thelp3.分词包括现在分词（doing）和过去分词(done)1)现在分词表示主动关系。Don’tkeepuswaitingforalongtime.过去分词表示被动关系。Hewillhavehishaircutafterschool2)现在分词表示正在进行的动作.fallingleaves正在飘落的树developingcountry发展中国家过去分词表示完成的动作.fallenleaves落叶（已落下）developedcountry发达国家3)现在分词表示事物本身所具有的性质，意为“令人……的”；theexcitingnews令人兴奋的消息过去分词表达由外界引起人的内心活动，意为“感到……的”。theexcitedlook激动的表情常用的还有：interesting/interested,tiring/tired,boring/bored.4.补充易错点1）hear/seesbdosth看见或听见某人（全过程）hear/seesbdoingsth看见或听见某人（正在做）22 1)stoptodo　停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事stopdoing　停止某人正在做的某事stopsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事3）forgettodo　忘记要去做某事（未做)forgetdoing　忘记做过某事(已做)4）remembertodo记得去做某事　(未做)　rememberdoing　记得做过某事(已做)5）regrettodo　对要做的事感到很遗憾egretdoing　对做过的事遗憾、后悔6）trytodo　　努力，企图做某事trydoing　试验，试着做某事7）goontodo　做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。goondoing　继续做原来做的事8）meantodo打算、想meandoing　意味着5.常见固定搭配1.too…todo太……而不能2.be+adj+enoughtodo足够……去做某事3.It’stimetodosth或Itstimeforsbtodosth该做某事的时候了4.Ittakessbsometimetodosth.划给某人多少时间做某事5.be+adj（glad/sorry/sure/happy/afraid等表情感的形容词后）+todosth很……做某事6.介词+doing1.lookforwardtodoingsth（盼望）2.payattentiontodoingsth.（注意）3.beusedtodoingsth.习惯于）4.preferdoingsthtodoingsth.（更喜欢）5.devotetodoingsth（致力于）6.makeacontributiontodoing（做贡献）　真题演练1.Mr.Smithtoldhisson_____thefootballmatchbecauseoftheexam.A.nottowatchB.tonotwatchC.notwatchingD.doesn’twatch2.Sarah,you’dbetterdrinkmorewaterafter_____forsuchalongtime.A.runB.runsC.torunD.running3.Myparentsdidn’tallowme_____totheparty.A.goB.togoC.goesD.went4.－It’stoocoldtoday.Wouldyoumind_____thewindow?－Certainlynot.Goahead.A.tocloseB.closingC.closeD.closed5.Whynot_____yourfriendsforhelpwhenyouareintrouble.A.askB.toaskC.asksD.asking6.Whenyouleave,pleaseturnoffthelights_____energy.A.saveB.tosaveC.savingD.saved7.Iwastiredout,soIstoppedthecar_____ashortrest.A.haveB.havingC.tohaveD.had8.－Didyoutalkbacktoyourmotherwhenyouwereachild?－Yes.ButnowIrealizeIwaswrong.Ireallyregret_____thatsillythingtomymum.A.doB.todoC.doingD.did9.Wearetootired.Let’sstop_____arest.A.tohave      B.have        C.having10.Iwilltrymybesttostopmysonfrom_____thesamemistake.A.makeB.madeC.makesD.making11.Thejokewassofunnythatitmadehim_____againandagain.A.laughB.tolaughC.laughedD.laughs12.Westopped_____,buttherewasnotanysound.22 A.tolistenB.listensC.listenD.listening13.—Wouldyoumind　　　　inthedininghall?—Ofcoursenot.A.nottosmokeB.notsmokingC.smokeD.notsmoke14.—Wouldyoulike　　　　campingwithme?—Yes,I’dliketo.ButI’mbusy　　　　myhomeworknow.A.togo;todoB.going;todoC.togo;doingD.going;doing专题七情态动词情态动词的特征：1.有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和行为动词或系动词连用，构成谓语2.无人称和数的变化3.后接动词原形(一)can,could的用法1.表示能力，译为：能，会。could是can的过去式,可以表示过去的能力2.表怀疑、猜测，常用于否定句，译为：不可能。3.表请求或允许，多用于口语中,意为“可以”,相当于may。(二)may的用法1.表推测,意为“可能;也许”,用于肯定句中2.表请求、许可，意为“可以”※may表请求，用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句时，其否定回答用mustn’t，不用maynot，意为“不可以，不许，禁止”。3.表祝愿。如:Mayyousucceed.祝你成功。(三)must的用法1.表示“必须”。2.表示推测，意为“一定”，一般用于肯定句。※在否定句中表推测一般应用can，也可以用may，但maynot表示“可能不”，而can’t表示“不可能”,绝对不能用mustn’t。※3.在否定句中，mustn’t表示禁止，意为“不允许”。以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答应用must，而否定回答则常用needn’t，意为“不需要、不必”，相当于don’thaveto,而不能用mustn’t。(四)need的用法1.need后加todo说明need为实义动词，用助动词提问或否定；2.need后加doing表被动；3.need后加动词原形,则need为情态动词，用need提问或否定，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t（五）hadbetter的用法1.hadbetter+动词原形，表示最好做某事，否定式用hadbetternotdosth(六)shall(should)的用法1.Shall用于第一人称，表示征求意见、询问。2.Should常用来表示义务、责任。译为应该（七）will(would)的用法1.will用于第二人称表示询问,请求,也可以表达现在的“意愿”2.would用来表示过去的意愿或委婉的询问易混点清单22 一．can和beableto:can和beableto表示能力时用法相同，can只用于现在时和过去式(could)，但beableto表示经过努力后,能够做到;有现在时,过去时和将来时二．maybe和maybe:may为情态动词，后加动词原形be，用在句中;maybe为副词,“大概，也许”,相当于perhaps,用于句首。三．must和have(has)to：must和have(has)to意思均为“必须”，常可以互换使用。但have(has)to用于强调客观需要，意为“必须，不得不”；must用于表示主观看法，意为“必须，应该”。四．（补充）shouldhavedone本应该做的事情但未做含有责备之意真题演练1.Harry’sbeendrivingallday,he_____betired.A.needB.canC.must2.—DoctorWang,I’mfeelingmuchbetter.MustIgoontakingthemedicine?—No,you_____.You’llgetwellsoon.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’t3.－IsthatmanMr.Smith?－It_____behim.HehasgonetoNewYorkonbusiness.A.maynotB.needn’tC.can’tD.mustn’t5.－You_____parkhere!Lookatthesign,itsays“Noparking”.－Sorry,Ididn’tnoticethatsignjustnow.A.won’tB.needn’tC.mustn’tD.couldn’t5.－Mr.Wang,mustIcomeagaintocleantheclassroomonSunday?－No,you_____.IhaveaskedKatetodoit.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t6.－_____Iuseyourdictionary?－Ofcourse.Butpleasereturnittomebeforeyouleave.A.MustB.NeedC.May7.－He_____beintheclassroom,Ithink.－No,he_____beintheclassroom.Isawhimgohomeaminuteago.A.can;maynotB.must;maynotC.may;mustn’tD.may;can’t8.－MustIreturnthehooktomorrowmorning?－No,you_____.Youcankeepitlonger.A.mustn’tB.can’tC.needn’tD.couldn’t9.－DoyouhaveanyplansforthisSunday?－I’mnotsure.I_____gotothecountrysidetoseemygrandmother.A.canB.mustC.mayD.need10.Nowadays,allpassengers_____gothroughsafetycheckbeforetakeatrain.A.canB.mayC.mustD.will11.Thewoman_____beourEnglishteacher.ShehasgonetoCanada.A.can’tB.needn’tC.mustn’t12.It’ssurprisingthatMr.Ma’slittledaughter_____speakEnglishsowell.A.mustB.canC.mustn’tD.can’t13.－Haveyoudecidedwhichhighschooltochoose?－Notyet.I_____gotoGuangmingHighSchool.A.mustB.shouldn’tC.mayD.needn’t14.－MustIsingthesonginRussian?－No,you_____.It’suptoyou.A.mustn’tB.can’tC.don’tD.needn’t22 专题八形容词与副词一、形容词的用法1.放在be动词或者感官动词后【例】Theyfelthappywhentheygothomeaftertheparty.2.修饰名词【例】Shegavemeausefulbook.3.形容词修饰something，anything，nothing，everything等不定代词时，形容词放在不定代词后面【例】Thereisnothinginterestingintoday’snewspaper.4.the+形容词表示一类人或物【例】Weshouldtryourbesttohelptheold.二、副词的用法1.修饰动词【例】Theyaresinghappilyintheclassroom.2.修饰句子【例】Luckily,Ifoundmylostwalletatlast.备注：并不是以-ly结尾的词就一定副词：friendly,lovely,lively,lonely,daily,weekly等三、形容词、副词的比较等级1.原级的用法①　只能修饰原级的词:very，quite，so，too【例】Heistootiredtowalkon.②　原级常用的句型结构:as+原级+as【例】Sheisashealthyasherbrother.Sheeatsashealthilyasherbrother.2.比较级的用法①　可以修饰比较级的词，much，alot，far，…的多alittle，abit，…一点儿【例】LessonOneismucheasierthanLessonTwo②　比较级常用的句型结构:比较级+than【例】TomistallerthanKate特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，甲or乙？【例】Whichisbigger,theearthorthemoon?比较级+and+比较级【例】Heisgettingtallerandtallerthe+比较级，the+比较级【例】Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyou’llmake.③最高级常用句型结构:the+形容词最高级【例】Tomisthetallestinhisclass.特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙？【例】Whichcountryisthelargest，China，BrazilorCanada？oneofthe+形容词最高级+复数名词【例】BeijingisoneofthelargestcitiesinChina.the+序数词+最高级【例】Sheisthesecondtallestgirlinourclass.3.形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级①改变比较对象（注意：不包括自己）【例】LiLeiisthetalleststudentinhisclass.＝LiLeiistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.＝LiLeiistallerthantheotherstudentsinhisclass.＝LiLeiistallerthananyoneelseinhisclass.②否定词+比较级=最高级【例】LiLeiisthetalleststudentinhisclass.＝NobodyistallerthanLiLeiinhiscalssWecan’thaveabluersky.特别注意：(1)-ing形容词与-ed形容词surprising/surprisedexciting/excitedinteresting/interested【例】Weareallexcitedabouttheexcitingnews.(2)在同一范围内比较时，必须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外。22 在不同范围内比较时，主体可以和其中任意一个对象进行比较。【例】ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia./ChinaislargerthananycountryinAfrica.　　　(3)在两者进行比较“表示A不如B”时,可使用“less＋原级＋than”结构【例】BilldidhishomeworklesscarefullythanJim.真题演练1.Sometimesitoftenrains_____inmyhometowninsummer.A.heavyB.hardlyC.heavily2.－Whatdoyouthinkofthewomansinger?－Hervoicesounds_____.Ilikehersongs.A.sweetB.sweetlyC.badD.badly3.Meimeithinksmathis_____thanChinese.A.easyB.easierC.theeasiest4.－Thescarvesareallbeautiful.Ican’tdecidewhichonetochoose.－Oh,lookatthisredone.Ithinkit’s_____.A.beautifulB.morebeautifulC.themostbeautifulD.lessbeautiful5.Mytimeinthemiddleschoolwasoneof_____periodsofmylife.A.excitingB.moreexcitingC.themoreexcitingD.themostexciting6.Theboylooked_____becausehedidn’tpasshismathexam.A.sadB.sadnessC.saddestD.sadly7.Emmalookedafterherpetdog_____ofallherfriends.A.carefulB.themostcarefulC.morecarefullyD.themostcarefully8.ThiskindofT-shirtlooks_____andsells_____inthemarket.A.nice;goodB.well;wellC.nice;wellD.good;nice9.Therewillbe_____carsinthecitybecausepeoplewillpreferthesubway.A.fewerB.lessC.more10.－Havesomeicecream,please.－Mm,ittastes_____.A.goodB.betterC.well11.—Thestuntmanisplanningtowalkonthewingsofaflyingplane.—What?!I"veneverheardof_____ideabefore.A.acrazierB.thecrazierC.acraziestD.thecraziest12.Stayingwithfamiliesandfriendsisoneof_____thingsintheworld.A.thehappiestB.happierC.thehappy13.LiNaisoneof_____tennisplayersintheworld.A.mostfamousB.themostfamousC.morefamous14.ThemovieLostinThailandis_____onethatI’veeverseentheseyears.A.funnyB.thefunniestC.funnier22