最新最全备课精编精讲精练中考英语语法专题八 时态语态专题十三 主谓一致 11页

专题十三主谓一致【命题趋势】主谓一致是各地中考重点考查的语法项目之一，以考查主谓一致三原则为主。【考点归纳】1.语法一致2.意义一致3.就近一致【语法精讲】主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致通常有三种原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。一、语法一致（一）谓语动词用单数的情况1）主语是单数，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：Tomisagoodstudent.2）主语是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：①Thereissomemilkinthefridge.②Therearefivecartonsofmilkinthefridge.3)单个动词不定式、动名词短语作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：①Tobecomeadoctorisherwish.②Helpingothersishergreathappiness.4)“much,little,alittle,muchmore,agreatdealof,anamountof+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：①Thereislittlewaterinthebottle.②Agreatdealoftimehasbeenwastedbynow.（二）谓语动词用复数的情况1)主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Theyoftenplayfootballontheplayground.2)由两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses,shoes,trousers,chopsticks,scissors,pants,jeans,gloves等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： Myglassesareonthedesk.我的眼睛在书桌上。　【超级点津】如果这类名词前用了apairof等表示数量的名词，则谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于表示数量的名词的单复数形式。例如：①Herearesomenewpairsofshoes.②Mynewpairofsocksisonthebed.3）用and或both…and连接的名词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Readingandwritingareveryimportant.读写很重要。4）both,few,afew,many,several,others作主语或它们所修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：①Thereareonlyafewpeoplewhocanliveto100.只有少数人能活到100岁。②Bothofthemareinmyclass.他们两个都在我的班里三、根据主语中名词的单复数而定1)当主语有with,aswellas,alongwith,like,togetherwith,ratherthan,except,but,including,plus,besides,inadditionto等结构跟在主语后面时，不能看作是并列主语，可以看作是插入语，该主语不受这些词组引导的插入语的影响，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如：①Theteachertogetherwithsomestudentsisvisitingthemuseum.②TomaswellasIwantstogoboating.③Thewomantogetherwithherdaughterandsonissittingonthesofa.　④Allbutonewereherejustnow.2)someof，allof,mostof,plentyof,halfof,alotof,lotsof,noneof,restof,partof以及等后面加上可数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如：Mostofhismoneyisspentoncomputergames.Mostofthestudentsaretakinganactivepartinsports.Thereisplentyofwaterinthebottle.　Thereareplentyofballsinthebox.3)“分数或百分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单、复数形式。例如：①Overthree-quartersofthelandhasbeenreclaimed.②Two-thirdsofthepeopleareagainsttheplan.③20%ofstudentsareboys. ④20%ofwaterisfreshwater.【超级点津】谓语动词取决于修饰词，而不是取决于主语中的名词的情况由“kind(type,form，pile,series，quantity)of”等修饰主语时，其谓语形式取决于kind,type,form,pile,series等这些修饰词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。例如：Thiskindofbooksisgoodforchildren.Thesekindsofbooksaregoodforchildren.Alargequantityofpaperwasleft.Largequantitiesofpaperwereleft.二、意义一致（一）谓语动词用单数的情况1）有些名词形式上是复数，而意义上却是单数。如news,means,works(工厂),Maths。还有许多以ics结尾的学科名称，如economics,physics,mechanics,Mathematics,politics(“政治”的意思，如果作为“政见”的意思，则是复数含义)等，它们作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：①Hereisthenews.②Politicsismyfavouritesubject.2)当oneof,apairof,akindof,apileof（一堆），aseriesof（一系列）等结构作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：①Oneofthosestudentshaspassedtheexamination.②Anewtypeofbusisnowonshow.②Aseriesofaccidentshasbeenreported.③Apileofbookswassetbesidethewall.3)用作运算的数词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Tenplustenmakestwenty.4)数词和表示金钱、时间、价格、度、量、衡等名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。例如：①Fivedollarsisenough.②Twoweekswasallowedformakingpreparations.③Thirtymilesisalongwaytowalk. 5）表示国家、城市、人名、书名、报纸、杂志、格言及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：①TheNewYorkTimesisreadingallovertheUnitedStates.②TheArabianNightisabookknowntoloversofEnglish.6)有些集体名词如：clothing,furniture（家具）,jewellery（珠宝）,equipment（设备）等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：①Muchofherjewellerywasmissing.她的珠宝首饰很多都丢了。②Theequipmentofthelabiscarriedbytwotrucks.实验室的设备由两辆卡车运送。③Ourclothingprotectsusfromcold.衣服保护我们免受寒冻。④Thenthefurniturewasmovedin.然后家具被搬进来。（二）谓语动词用复数的情况1)有些表示总体意义的集合名词如：people,police,cattle,clothes等形式上是单数，而意义上却是复数，谓语动词在任何情况下都用复数形式。例如：①Arethereanypeoplearound?②Thepolicearesearchingforashortdarkmanwithabeard.2)anumberof作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式。【超级点津】anumberof与thenumberof的区别“anumberof+名词复数”的意思是“许多...”，动词要用复数形式；“thenumberof+名词复数”的意思是“...的数量是”，动词要用单数形式。例如：Anumberofbookshavebeenlentout.许多的书都借出去了。Thenumberofthestudentsisover800.学生的数量超过了800。3)“the+形容词”(如thepoor,therich,theyoung,theold,thedead,thesick,thebrave等)作主语时，通常指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Thepoorareveryhappy,butthericharesad.穷人很快乐，富人悲凉。　（三）根据主语中名词的含义而定1)集体名词如family,audience,crew,crowd,class,team,group,public等词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如果它们作为一个集体单位时，动词用单数形式，如就其中的各个成员来说，则谓语用复数形式。例如。Herfamilyisgoingtomove.她的家准备搬。Herfamilyareverywell.她的家人身体都很好。 ThepopulationofChinais13.6billionand70%ofthepopulationarepeasants.中国的人口有13.6亿，70％是农业人口。3）用“and”连接的两个名词作主语时，如果指的是同一人或物时（此时第二个名词前没有冠词），谓语动词用单数；如果指的是两个人或物，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Thepoetandwriterhascome.那个诗人兼作家来了。(同一人，身兼两职)Thepoetandthewriterhavecome.诗人和作家来了。(两个人)Breadandbutterishisusualbreakfast.他经常以黄油面包当早餐。(同一个事物)Bothbreadandbutterweresoldoutinthatshop.商店里的面包和黄油都卖光了。(两个事物)【拓展延伸】“No/Each/Every+单数名词and＋no/each/every+单数名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：①Noteacherandnostudentwasinvitedtothemeeting.老师和学生都没有被邀请去参加会议。②Everymanandeverywomanhasaseat.每位男士和女士都就座了。4）all作主语时，谓语动词要根据它指代的含义决定谓语动词的单复数形式。例如：Allisright.一切顺利。(all代表所有的事情)Allarepresent.人都到齐了。(all代表所有的人)（四）特殊情况英语中thiskindofmen=menofthiskind意思是“这类人”，但是thiskindofmen作主语时，谓语动词用单数，menofthiskind作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：Thiskindofmenisdangerous.Menofthiskindaredangerous.三、就近一致1）由连词or,neither…nor,either…or,notonly…butalso,nor,not...but等连接的并列主语，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如：NeitheryounorMaryisright.Eitheryouorsheisnottellingthetruth.Areneitheryounoryourfatherinterestedinswimming?　　2)当therebe,here,where句型的主语是多个事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如：①Thereisadeskandtwochairsintheoffice. ②Therearetwochairsandadeskintheoffice.①Hereisaruler,afewpencilsandsomepaperforyou.【中考链接】【2013江苏南京】There__________stillsomeapplejuiceinthefridge.It’snotnecessaryforustogotothesupermarketnow.A.wasB.wereC.isD.are【2013江苏扬州】Anumberoftourists_________Yangzhoumanytimesbecauseitissuchabeautifulcity.A.havebeentoB.hasbeentoC.hasgonetoD.havegoneto【2013上海】35．Alotofforeigners______familiarwiththefamousplacesofinterestinChina．A)amB)isC)areD)be【2012江苏泰州】5.—Whyareyoulate,Jim?—Becausethere_____alotoftrafficwhenIcamehere.A.isB.areC.wasD.were【2011江苏南通】1.Linda,withherparents,__theWolfHill,andtheywillbebackthisafternoon.A.hasgonetoB.havegonetoC.hasbeentoD.havebeento【实战演练】基础练1.There__stillsomemilkinthefridge.It’snotnecessarytogotothestoretoday.A.amB.isC.areD.be2．“Ithinkneitherthisshirtnorthatone____good.”hesaid.A．areB．isC．wereD．was3．Threeyears____ashorttime.Youhavetostudyhard.A．isB．areC．beD．were4．All____donenow.A．haveB．has　C．hasbeenD．havebeen5．Allthefood____readynow.Let"shaveameal.A．beB．anC．is　D．are6．EitherJimorSam____goingtohelpthefarmerswiththeorangeharvestthisafternoon.A．wasB．were　C．isD．are7．Thispairofshoes____formyfather.A．is　B．areC．buyD．get 8．There____adesk，twobedsandfourchairsintheroomA．isB．areC．hasD．have9．Nothingbutgrassandtrees____thehill.A．coversB．coverC．coveringD．is covered10．Themotherwithtwochildrenoften____tothetown.A．goB．goesC．aregoingD．isgoing11．Theboxofrubbers____white.A．is　B．areC．beD．were12．____heoryoutocomehome？A．IsB．AreC．WillD．Can13．Hisfamily____alargeone.Thewholefamily____watchingTV.A．is…isB．are…areC．are…is　D．is…are14．Noneofthatmoneyonthetable____mine.A．isB．are　C．beenD．were15．Tenminutes____enoughforme.A．isB．areC．amD．be16．NeithermyfathernorI____therejustnow.A．wereB．is　C．areD．was17.Thesecretaryandmanager____verybusynow.A.isB.areC.wasD.were18.Boththesecretaryandthemanager_____agreedtoattendthemeeting.A.hasB.haveC.areD.was19.Eachofthegirlshere__________totheWestLaketwice.A.havegoneB.havebeenC.hasgoneD.hasbeen21.Theyeach____abeautifulhandkerchief.A.haveB.hasC.thereisD.thereare21.Theold____welllookedafterbythegovernmentinChina.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.was22.Ican’taffordthecar,fivethousanddollars______toomuchforme.A.isB.areC.hasD.have 23.—He,togetherwithhisparents___goingtovisitShanghaiinJuly.Howaboutyou?—I"mafraidIhavetostayathome__.A.are;onmyownB.is,bymyselfC.is;bymyownD.are;onmyself24.About20percentofthework____doneyesterday.A.areB.isC.wereD.was25.Thenumberofbooksinthebookshop_____about10,000andanumberofthemaboutscience.A.is;areB.was;wereC.are;isD.were;was提高练1.Therelotsofpeopleattherestaurantwhen1gotthere.A.isB.wasC.areD.were2.There_goingtobeabasketballmatchthisafternoon.A.isB.areC.haveD.will3.Thisismytwinsister,Lucy.NotonlyshebutalsoIgoodatdrawing.A.isB.amC.areD.was4.－Howmuchisthepairofshoes?－Twentydollars____enough.A.isB.areC.am5.Tomaswellastwoofhisclassmates_____invitedtotheparty.A.wasB.wereC.havebeenD.hadbeen6.Oneofmyfriends_______movedtoAmerica.Imisshersomuch.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are7.Betweenthetworowsoftrees_____theteachingbuilding.A.standB.standsC.standingD.are8.Writingstoriesandarticles_____whatIenjoymost.A.isB.areC.wasD.were9.TheChinesepeople_____hard-workingandbrave.A.areB.isC.hasbeenD.arebeing10.Three-fourthsofthehomework_____today.A.hasfinishedB.hasbeenfinished C.havefinishedD.havebeenfinished11.—Whichwouldyoulike,teaorcoffee?—Either________OK,butIprefercoffee_______milk.A.is;withB.is;toC.are;withD.are;to12.Neithermyfathernormymother____rockmusic.Theythinkthatit’stoo______.A.like;noiseB.likes;noiseC.like;noisyD.likes;noisy13.Theheadteacherwithhisstudents_______XuanwuLakeParkifit_______tomorrow.A.isgoingto;isn’trainyB.aregoingto;isn’trainyC.isgoingto;won’trainD.aregoingto;doesn’train14.—David,there_____adictionaryandsomebooksonyourdesk.Pleaseputthemaway.—OK.Mum.I’lldoitrightaway.A.isB.areC.hasD.have15.–Physics_____moredifficultthanChinese,doyouthinkso?--Yes,Ithinkso.A.isB.areC.hasD.have16.There__stillsomemilkandbreadinthefridge.It’snotnecessarytogotothestoretoday.A.amB.isC.areD.be17.Tenminutesago,there_____aneraser,apenandsomebooksonthedesk.A.isB.wasC.wereD.are18.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory____yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided19．Nobookandnopen____inthebag.A．isB．areC．hasD．have20．Eachstudentandeachteacher____toseethefilm.A．goB．wishC．are　D．wants21.Thewholeclass_____theteacherattentively.A.arelisteningtoB.islisteningtoC.arelisteningD.islistening22.Janeisoneofthebeststudentsinherclasswho_____bytheirteacher. A.arepraisedB.ispraisedC.praisedD.praising23.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_____fifty，butanumberofthem_____absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was；wasC.was；wereD.were；were24.Thepolice____themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.A.issearchingforB.weresearchingforC.aresearchingforD.weresearching25.Thosewho____in____compositions,pleasehandtheminthisafternoon.A.hasn’thanded;hisB.haven’thanded;theirC.hashanded；theirD.havehanded;his拓展练任务型阅读（每空一个单词）Environmentalproblemsarebecomingmoreandmoreseriousallovertheworld.Withthedevelopmentofagricultureandindustry,carshavemadetheairunhealthyforpeopletobreatheandpoisonousgasisgivenoffbyfactories.Treesonthehillshavebeencutdownandwastewaterisbeingpouredintorivers.Weproducelotsofwasteeverydayanditisharmfultoourenvironment.Wemustfacethesituationandtakeactionstosolveourenvironmentproblems.Herearesomeideasforyoutodobetterinyourlife.Rememberthesethreewords:reduce,reuseandrecycle.Reducemeans“Useless”.Don’twastethings.Thissavesmoneyandreducespollutionandwastegoingintotheenvironment.Beforewebuysomethingnew,thinkifitisreallynecessaryormaybetheoldonewillbejustasgood!Whenwedobuythings,chooselocalproductsifpossible,andtrynottobuytoomanythingsfromabroad.Reusemeans“Useagain”.Usethingsforaslongaspossible.Whenwebuythings,makesurethattheylastalongtime.Weshouldtakecareofthemsothattheywilllast,andweshouldrepairtheminsteadofthrowingthemawayandbuyingnewones.Don’tuseapapercuporapaperbag.It’sbettertouseachinacupandalunchboxbecauseyoucanusethemagain.Recyclemeans“changethingsintosomethingelse”.Althoughittakesenergytochangesomethingintosomethingelse,it’sbetterthanthrowingawayorburningthem.Findoutwhatcan berecycledinyourneighborhoodandtakepartinrecyclingprograms.Weshouldalsobuyproductsmadefromrecycledmaterials,suchasrecycledpaper,tohelpsavetrees.Thoughweareyoung,wecanstilldosomethingtohelp.Infact,eventhesimplesteverydayactivitiescanmakearealdifferencetoourenvironment.Title:__(1)___toliveagreenlifesituationProducingplentyofwasteeverydaydoes_(2)__toourenvironment.Carshavemadetheairunhealthyforpeopletobreathe.Factories__(3)___offpoisonousgas.Peopleare_(4)____moreandmorewastewaterintoriversandlakes.Someideas(5)Thinkitisreallynecessarybefore___(6)___somethingnew.Chooselocalproductsinsteadof__(7)__onesifpossible.ReuseWeshouldtrytorepairthem.You’dbetter__(8)__achinacupandalunchboxinsteadofapapercuporapaperbag.RecycleIttakes__(9)__tochangesomethingintosomethingelse.ConclusionWeareabletotake__(10)__tohelpmakearealdifferencetoourenvironment.1.How2.harm3.give4.pouring5.Reduce6.buying7.foreign8.use9.energy10.action(s)