英语语法状语从句（ adverbial clauses in english grammar） 23页

英语语法11状语从句（11adverbialclausesinEnglishgrammar）Englishgrammar11:adverbialclauseAdverbialclausesaremainlyusedtomodifythemainclauseorclausepredicate.Generallycanbedividedintoninecategories,respectively,indicatingtime,place,reason,purpose,results,conditions,concessions,comparisonandmanner.Althoughtherearemanykindsofadverbialclauses,itisnotdifficulttounderstandandmasterthembecauseadverbialclausesaresimilartothestructuresandusagesofchinese.Thekeytotheadverbialclauseistograspthecommonconjunctionsandspecialconnectivesthatguidedifferentadverbialclauses.Theyarelistedbelowasfollows:1.adverbialclauseoftimeCommonlyusedleadwords:when,as,while,as,soon,as,while,before,until,after,since,tillSpecialbootwords:the,minute,the,moment,the,second,every,time,the,day,the,instant,immediately,directly,no,sooner,than,hardly,when,,scarcely,when,by,the,timeI,didn"t,realize,how,special,my,mother,was,until,I,,became,an,adult.While,John,was,watching,TV,his,wife,was,cooking.The,children,ran,away,from,the,orchard(orchard),the, moment,they,saw,the,guard.No,sooner,had,I,arrived,home,than,it,,began,to,rain.Every,time,I,listen,to,your,advice,I,get,into,trouble.[distinction]thedifferencebetweenwhen,while,andas:thepredicateverbofaclausethatwhenguidescanbeacontinuousverb,andhenceaninstantaneousverb.And"when"sometimesmeans"atthattime."".Whileclausetheactionmustbecontinuity,andemphasizethemainclauseandsubordinateclauseactionsoccuratthesametime(oropposite).Andwhilecansometimesindicatecontrast.Assaid"oneside......",asguidedactionisthecontinuityoftheaction,andactionisgenerallyusedtooccuratthesametime;asalsostressedthat"oneafter.Adverbialclauseof2.placeCommonguideword:whereSpecialbootwords:wherever,anywhere,everywhereGenerally,air,will,be,heavily,polluted,where,,there,are,factories.Wherever,you,go,you,should,work,hard.Adverbialclauseof3.reasonsCommonbootwords:because,since,as, Specialbootwords:seeing,that,now,that,in,that,considering,that,given,that,considering,thatMy,friends,dislike,me,because,I"m,handsome,and,successful.Now,that,everybody,has,come,let"s,begin,our,conference.The,higher,income,tax,is,in,that,it,may,harmful,discourage,people,from,,trying,to,earn,more.Considering,that,he,is,no,more,than,years,old,,his,height,of,,m,,is,quite,remarkable[because]thestrongesttonedifference,saidthedirectcause,canbeputinbeforeorafterthemainclause.Inaddition,onlywhycanbeusedtoanswerquestionsraisedbybecause.Bothsinceandasrepresentknowncauses,i.e.,providingreasonsforknownfactsratherthandirectcauses.Sinceisslightlystrongerthanas,andtheratioofasisslightlymoreformal,theywillusuallyputonbefore,sometimesonothers.4.adverbialclauseofpurposeCommonguidewords:so,that,in,order,thatSpecialintroductorywords:lest,in,case,for,fear,that,in,the,hope,that,for,the,purpose,that,to,the,end,that老板要秘书赶快把信写好以便他签字。 老师故意提高嗓门，以便后面的学生听得更清楚。5。结果状语从句常用引导词：所以…所以…那，这样…那，特殊引导词：这样，他起得很早，赶上了第一班公共汽车。这是一个好机会，我们一定不能错过。6。条件状语从句常用引导词：如果，除非，特殊引导词：只要，如果，倘若，假设，如果，条件是我们如果总统同意开始我们的项目。你一定会成功，只要你继续努力。如果没有人反对，我们就在这里开会。7。让步状语从句常用引导词：虽然，虽然，即使，尽管 特殊引导词：为（用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装），而（一般用在句首），无论…，尽管事实上，无论什么，无论何人，无论何时何地，无论何时，无论哪个我很尊敬他，我却不同意他的建议。尽管我很尊敬他，我却不同意他的建议。老人喜欢游泳，即使天气很恶劣。无论他怎么努力，她都不会改变主意。不管你说什么他都不听。8。比较状语从句常用引导词：为（同级比较）、比（不同程度的比较）特殊引导词：更多…更多…；正如…，所以…；一个是什么/X是Y；不...超过；比B还少她和她母亲一样脾气暴躁。这房子是我们房子的三倍大。你锻炼得越多，你就越健康。粮食之于人，犹如石油之于机器。食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。 9。方式状语从句常用引导词：如，如，如何特殊引导词：方式在罗马时，要像罗马人那样去做。她表现得好像她是老板似的。有时候，我们教我们的父母教导我们的方式，我们的孩子。状语从句的时态特点一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用”一般现在时”表示”一般将来时”，用”现在完成时”表示”将来完成时例如”：我会尽快到北京给你打电话。我一到北京就给你打电话。（这是由尽快引导的时间状语从句，从句中的谓语动词到达是一般现在时，表示一般将来时，决不可用将到达）当我完成了这件工作，我会回家。我一完成此工作，就回家。(thepredicateverbintheclauseishavefinishedinthepresentperfecttense,whichmeansthatthefutureperfecttenseshouldneverbeusedwillhavefinished)If,he,comes,back,please,let,me,know.,ifhecomesback,pleaseletmeknow.(thepredicateverbintheclauseiscomes,back,whichmeansthatthefuturewillnotbeusedinthefuturewillcomeback)EntranceEnglishtrapproblemexplanation-adverbialclause TestCenterThetypicalproblemanalysis-trap1."MayIgoandplaywithDickthisafternoonMum?""No,youcan"tgooutyourworkisbeingdone._______"A.,before,B.,until,C.,as,D.,the,moment[trap]easytochooseB,mistakenlythinkthisistochecknot...Until...Structure.[analysis]thebestanswer,chooseC.Theyourworkisbeingdoneinthesentenceindicatesthatyouaredoingyourhomework,andchoosethereasonfortheastable.2."I"mgoingtothepostoffice."you"retherecan"_______,yougetmesomestamps?"A.,As,B.,While,C.,Because,D.,IfTrapseasilymissA.[analysis]thebestanswer,chooseB.Althoughbothasandwhilecanbeusedassubordinateconjunctionstoguidethetemporaladverbialclause,whichmeans"when...",thereisanimportantdifferencebetweenthetwo,thatis,thepredicateoftheasclauseusedcannotbeastatusverb.Ofcourse,ifasdoesnotmean"when",thepredicateisentirelyintheformofastateverb.Suchas: I,went,to,bed,early,as,I,was,exhausted.,Iwassotired,soIwenttobedearly.(as)inthissentencemeans"cause","because"and"because"Pleasedothefollowingtwoquestions,theanswerisselectedwhile,donotchooseas:(1)_______youareathomealone,pleasedon"tleavethedooropen.A.,While,B.,As,C.,Before,D.,How(2)_______youarealonewithher,tellherthatyoulikeher.A.,While,B.,As,C.,After,D.,How3.Afterthewar,anewschoolbuildingwasputuptherehadoncebeenatheatre.______A.,that,B.,when,C.,which,D.,where[trap]severalinterferingitemsarelikelytobeerroneouslychosen.[analysis]thebestanswer,chooseD.Where,wheretheadverbialclauseistheguide,means"..."..".Pleasemakethefollowingsimilarquestions(answersarechosenwhere):(1)Thefamousscientistgrewuphewasbornand_______in1930hecametoShanghai. A.,when,B.,whenever,C.,where,D.,wherever(2)Shefoundhercalculatorshelostit._______A.,where,B.,while,C.,in,which,D.,that(3)Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethingsyoucanfindthemagain._______A.,when,B.,where,C.,then,D.,which(4)Whenyoureadthebook,you"dbettermakeamarkyouhaveanyquestions._____A.,at,which,B.,at,where,C.,the,place,,where,D.,where（5）你应该让你的孩子玩______你可以看到他们。在什么时候C在哪个D？（6）现在他工作的工厂______他的父亲工作过。A.B.C.D.在哪里时，那4。游客要求有他的照片_______站名塔。D.在哪里？【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。 【分析】最佳答案选D.此题与上面一题有些相似，但又有所不同：相似的是，哪里均表示”在......的地方”，均用以引导地点状语从句；不同的是，此题还涉及倒装，即此句的主语是著名的塔，谓语是站，正常词序为在著名的塔站，使用倒装是为了保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻。4。他们不停地_____他们一定知道这是无望的。如果因为当D.【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选当在此的意思不是”当......的时候”，而是”尽管”、”虽然的意思又如”：他可能乘出租车走路。尽管他可以坐出租车，但他却走路。他停下时，他可能下一次就成功。尽管他本来下次就可以成功的了，但他却停止努力了。男孩很不安分的时候他应该听老师讲课。这男孩子本来应该专心听老师讲的，但他却坐立不安。有许多同学只知道当表示”当......的时候”，而不知道它还有其他许多意思，除上面提到的表示”尽管”、”虽然”外，当还可表示”既然”、”考虑到”。请做下面的试题（答案选D）：你为什么想要一个新的工作______你已经有了这么好的？A.B.在C.当5。他正要告诉我这个秘密______有人拍拍他的肩膀。 直到公元前十年。【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选当意为”这时（突然）”，主要用于某一动作突然发生于另一动作正在进行或刚要发生之时。此时的当可以连用副词突然，也可以不连用它，但值得注意的是，同学们不能单独用突然来代替时，如下面各题的答案选，不选B：（1）我正要出去，电话铃响______。D.突然一下子就突然起来了。（2）我们在湖里游泳_______风暴开始。在公元前十年以前。（3）她走在路上_______她听到有人喊救命。在公元前十年以前。6。大火持续了相当长一段时间_______它得到控制。B.从公元前D.以后【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选后之d之前，意为”在......之前”，句意是”大火在得到控制之前燃烧了相当一段时间类似地，以下两题也选之前”： （1）他犯了一个错误，但他纠正的情况_______它变得更糟。直到当D.之前为C.（2）有人打电话给我在深夜，但他们挂________我能接电话。从公元前到公元前十年。（3）她在逐渐好转，但这将是一段时间_____她完全好了。B.，D.以前。（4）他们坐下来互相对立，但这是一______他们说话的时刻。公元前的公元前。7。妈妈问我要更多的钱_______意想不到的事情要发生。万一B.使C，以便D.当【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。在案例【分析】最佳答案选起连词作用，用以引导状语从句，主要有两种意思：一是表示条件，意为”如果”、”万一”；二是表示”目的”，意为”以防”、”免得如以下各题也都选案例”：（1）________我忘了，请提醒我一下。以B为例，C以D.为例。 （2）带上你的雨伞，________下雨。万一B.使C，以便D.当（3）安静_______你吵醒婴儿。万一B.使C，以便D.当（4）你把帽子戴上以防太阳很热。万一B.使C，以便D.当（5）。我会把他的地址_____我需要它。为了D.万一8。_______你的作文，一些拼写错误是可以避免的。检查过B，检查C。Tocheck[traps]severalinterferingitemsarelikelytobemistakenlyselected,especiallyA.[analysis]thebestanswer,chooseC.Theprecedingclauseistheconditionaladverbialclause,andthelatterclauseisthesubject.Theanalysisofseveralinterference:optionsAandDarenonpredicateverbs,accordingtoEnglishgrammarhabits,nonpredicateverbadverbial,thelogicalsubjectshouldbeconsistentwiththesubjectofthesentence,thesentencesome spellingmistakeshavingcheckedortoobviouslycannotbeusedasalogicalsubjectofcheck,soitcannotbeselectedastheanswer;ifB,betweenthetwosentenceslackthenecessaryconjunctions,nor.Pleasedosimilarquestions(answersarechosenC):(1)________morecareful,theworkmighthavebeendonebetter.A.,Being,B.,Having,been,C.,If,you,had,been,,D.,To,have,been(2)_______yourdiet,itiseasytoreduce.A.,Watching,B.,To,be,watching,C.,If,you,watch,,D.,To,have,watched(3)_______apairofcompasses,itiseasytodescribeacircle.A.,Having,B.,To,have,had,C.,If,you,have,,D.,if,having(4)_______forsomething,areceiptisgiventoyou.A.,Paying,B.,Having,paid,C.,When,you,have,paid,,D.,To,be,paying(5)thesunrisingslowlyin_______theEast,thesceneisaperfectdream.A.,Seeing,B.,To,be,seeing,C.,When,you,see,,D.,Having,seen 9."ShallMarycomeandplaycomputergames?""Noshehasfinishedherhomework.,_______"A.,when,B.,since,C.,unless,D.,as,as,soon[trap]severalinterferingitemsarelikelytobeerroneouslychosen.[analysis]thebestanswer,chooseC.Thissentenceisomitted,andthefirstsentenceoftheNoindicatesthattheomissionisanegativesentence,andthewholesentenceiscomplete:She,can"t,play,computer,games,unless,she,has,homework.,finished,herPleasedosimilarquestions(answersarechosenB):(1)"Wouldyoumindmysittingherewithyou?""Noyouaren"ttoonoisy.,______"A.,when,B.,if,C.,unless,D.,as,as,soon(2)"Willheagreetocometojoinusinthework?""Nowepromisehimmoremoney.,_______"A.,when,B.,unless,C.,unless,D.,as,as,soon(3)"Canyoufinishtheworkintime?""No,wedon"tsleepthroughoutthenight._______"10."Whendidheleavetheclassroom?""Heleftyouturnedbacktowriteon_______theblackboard" A.,the,time,B.,the,moment,C.,until,since,D.[trap]severalinterferingitemsarelikelytobeerroneouslychosen.[analysis]thebestanswer,chooseB.Themomentisusedasaconjunction,meaning"I...",equivalentto"assoonas".Similarly,the,minute,andtheinstantcanalsobeusedasconjunctionstorepresentthemeaningof"I...".如以下试题也选B：（1）“你记得把欠玛丽的钱了吗？”是的，我给了她________我看见她了。”A.B.C.D.在此刻突然直到（2）门卫发出了警报_______他看到烟。A.B.C.D.在瞬间突然前（3）我报了警_______我看到烟。A.B.C.D.突然因为一分钟◆精编陷阱题训练◆1。不要害怕寻求帮助_______需要。除非D.。 2。一个好的讲故事的人一定能抓住听众的好奇心________故事讲完。除非C到D为止。三._______我知道钱是安全的，我就不担心了。A.尽管B.除非只要D4你最终会成功____你半途而废。即使B.像C一样，只要D.，除非5。”他的父亲对他要求很严，他在学校吗？”对.他从来没有表扬他_______在他成为年级的尖子生。”A.B.C.D.当后除非直到6。_____我建议，他总是不同意。A.B.C.D.但无论任何人7。你应该通知所有的人可能会看到他们的______。B在哪里，C在D处。8。_____她去，有成群的人等着见她。A.B.C.D.然而无论哪个人9。玛丽用手捂住了她的嘴_______她意识到她说的话。 A.B.C.时就突然D.然后10。________她的缺点，她是阿诺德的母亲。别对她那么粗鲁。A.WhateverB.C.无论什么只要11。____你得到一个机会，你要充分利用它。A.既然虽然D.尽快12。我以为她就是我要娶的那个女孩_______我遇见她。A.Forthefirsttimethefirsttime,B.C.D.,bythefirsttime,thefirsttime13.Don"tplaybytheriver_______fallonyouanddrown!A.B.C.inprintcomparedtosituationwhenorder,D.14.Whydoyouwantanewjob____youhavesuchagoodonealready?A.,B.,C.,D.,wheninit,15.Heismorethan_______visitedIfinally.A.B.C.D.when,how,inwhich 16._______punishmentisnotcomplaintunjust,heacceptedit.A.comparesB.lungC.asD.evenifitisself17.________grandparentslovechildren,theyarestrictwiththem.A.,B.,C.,D.,forself18._______Icansee,thereisapossiblewayisfoundonlyfromdanger.A.asfarastheFarEast,B.,C.,D.,evenifonlyas19._______richonemayhaveoneyoualwaysthinkof.A.B.,C.,D.,justforeverycourse20.WeareclosedonJohn"skitchen_______preparehecanforhiswarparty.A.,B.,C.,D.when,so,iffor21.Mr.Zhangisthemildprintcharacter.Henever____shoutedheisveryangry.A.B.C.D.,ifevenifevenwhen22."Doyousupposeitishowlong_______asheleftjapan."Notmorethanhalfamonth." A.,B.,C.,D.,sincenow23.Insomecountries,_______iscalled"publicschools"bythestatedoesnothave.WhatdoesA.B.C.D.do,amongthem?24._______hebecamerichinadditiontohimallhisoldfriendswhogavehimsomehelp.A.B.C.suddenlybecomesthecloud,thenD.25."Whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon?"MaybeIwillgoforawalkinthe____staysitlater."A.B.C.asfareastasevenifonlyD.asif[answersandparsing]1."D.when"means"when(when)theremainingthreearefilledinblanks"......".2.Choose"d.until"until","agoodstorytellermustbeabletokeeptheaudiencecuriousuntiltheendofthestory".3.ChooseC.Asdragonas"aslongas"AslongasIknowthemoneyissafe,Iwon"tworry".Similarly,4.pickD."Unless"means"ifnot","unless",usedtoguideaconditionalclause. 5.chooseC.Checkthenot...Until...Sentencemeaning"until..."......".6.chooseB.Whateverleadstoaconcessionclause,equivalenttonomatterwhat.BecarefulnottochooseA,becausesuggestistransitive,anditshouldtakeitsownobject,andhowevercannotbeusedasobject.7.chooseA."Where"means"somewhere"toguidetheadverbialclauseoftheplace.8.chooseA,wherevermeans"nomatterwhere."".9.chooseB.Accordingtothecontextcanbeinferred.10.chooseA.Whateverherfaultsistheadverbialclauseofconcession,andthepredicateverb"are"isomittedattheendofthesentence.11.chooseA.Nowthatisusedasaconjunctiontoguidetheadverbialclauseofreason,whichmeans"since",synonymouswith"since".Amongthem,"mightaswell"means"mightaswell."".Sinceyouhavegotachance,youmayaswellmakegooduseofit".12.chooseC.The,first,andtimeareusedhereasconjunctionstoguideadverbialclauses.ThefirsttimeIsawher,Ithoughtshewashonest".13.chooseC."Incase"means"incase."". 14.chooseD.Whendoesnotmean"when...",butmeans"since",equivalentto"since",toguidetheadverbialclauseofreason.Sinceyoualreadyhavesuchagoodjob,whydoyouwanttofindanewjob?Twomore,please:I,can"t,tell,you,when,you,won"t,listen.,sinceyoudon"twanttohearit,Iwon"ttellyou.Why,use,wood,when,you,can,use,plastic?Sinceplasticcanbeused,whyusewood?15.chooseA.Afterthan,thehewasisomitted.Ifthecomplementiscomplete,thewholesentenceisHe,is,better,than,he,was,when,I,last,him,visited,etc..16.chooseB.Comparisonoffouroptions:solong,eventhoughas(aslongas)(even),since(since,since),while(when...When...),ofwhichonlyBmeansthemostappropriate,thewholesentencemeaning"evenunfairpunishment,heacceptedwithoutcomplaint".17.chooseA."While"doesnotmean"when...",butmeans"despite"".18.chooseB.Asfarasmeans"do,justas,"farasIknowasiscommonlyusedin(tomyknowledge),asfarasonecansee(asfarinone"sopinion),as(onecan,asfarastosb)sth/sbisconcerned(sth/sb)structure.19.chooseC.Howeverhereguidestheconcessionclause, meaningnowmatterhowinthesense.20.chooseC.So,that,theadverbialclausethatguidesthepurpose,whichmeans"forthesakeof..."".21.chooseD.Accordingtothesentencecontext,itisbettertochooseBorD,butevenisanadverb,notaconjunction,andcannotleadtheadverbialclause,sochooseD.22.chooseD.Thebasicstructureofthequestionis"Itis++sincetimeclause",theoriginalsentenceisIsupposeitisnomorethanhalfamonthsinceheleftforJapan.ifthissentencenomorethanhalfamonthquestions,cangetthequestionsentence.23.chooseD.Whatguidesthesubjectclause,wherethewhatisequivalenttothetheschoolsthat.24.chooseB.Same9.25.chooseC.Same3.One