《英语语法》课程教学大纲 11页

《英语语法》课程教学大纲课程编码：30613006学分：3总学时：64说明【课程性质】本课程是英语专业的专业基础课。【教学目的】设置本课程的目的旨在使高校英语专业学生系统地认识英语从词到句乃至语篇的构造，提高使用英语的规范性，学会用英语准确地、有效地传递信息和表达思想，同时系统地了解英语语法的发展，为进一步地学习及研究英语语言奠定基础。【教学任务】本课程是一门基础技能训练课，通过传授比较系统和完整的英语语法知识，使学生学会运用语法规则指导语言实践，提高实际运用英语的能力。经过学习词汇分类、句子种类的划分和各种时态语态的使用、及倒装、省略等一些句子生成的手段，对英语语法的基本结构与规律有一个明确完整的概念，能较熟练地运用这些语法的基本规则分析解释各种语法现象。通过大量练习，尤其是结合大量的写作训练，在语言实践中以文章背景为语境，纠正语法错误及语言的错误使用，使学生的英语语言综合技能在质量上有较大的提高。【教学内容】本课程作为一门专业基础课，考虑到学生的学习水平，在内容设置上，由简入难，循序渐进，达到一定深度，有重点，有深度，主要分为：导论——语法层次、句子结构、词汇分类、时态和体态的使用、比较等级和比较结构、句子种类、篇章衔接手段。【教学原则和方法】教学原则：讲练结合，精讲多练，针对教材，有取有舍，因人而异，精讲和自学相结合。教学方法：讲练结合，充分利用配套教材和练习册中提供的大量系统性的练习，采用讲解，讨论，答疑相结合的教学方法。【先修课程要求】要求学生具备基本的英语知识，包括词汇和基本句型的掌握。【学时分配】序号内容学时安排小计理论课时实验课时习题课时上机课时1语法层次4592句子结构和主谓一致3693词组与限定词3694动词的时和体2795不定式、-ING分词、-ED分词37106比较等级和从属结构279 7篇章衔接459总计214364【教材与主要参考书】教材：章振邦《新编英语语法教程》上海外语教育出版社，2003年参考书：潘欢怀《现代英语实用语法》北京师范大学出版社，2005年张道真《实用英语语法》商务印书馆，1988年大纲内容第一部分语法层次【教学目的和要求】教学目的：介绍基本的语法单位，让学生了解词组分类，句子分类。教学要求：使学生掌握词组分类，句子分类。【内容提要】第一节词素：自由词素和粘附词素第二节词：封闭词类和开放词类第三节词组第四节分句第五节句子【教学重点与难点问题】教学重点：屈折词缀、派生词缀、词素变体、词组中心词教学难点：限定动词和非限定动词【复习思考题】找出下列句子中的限定动词和非限定动词1.Wewenttheretoseeafilm.2.Havingseenthefilm,wehadadiscussion.3.Paintedbyafamousartisttheportraitisinvaluable.第二部分句子结构和主谓一致【教学目的和要求】教学目的：介绍句子结构和主谓一致的内容。教学要求：要求学生能辨别出句子的基本成分，牢记特殊名词的单、复数来判断动词和名词的单、复数搭配。【内容提要】第一节基本句型及其转换与扩大第二节以-s结尾的名词第三节集体名词做主语第四节数量名词做主语【教学重点与难点】教学重点：以-s结尾的名词的记忆与辨别教学难点：特殊名词与数量词的单复数辨别【复习思考题】选择适当的形式填空1.Theirearnings(comes,come)to500dollarsaweek. 2.Where(is,are)theshears?3.Yoursuspenders(is,are)nothere.第三部分词组与限定词【教学目的与要求】教学目的：介绍词组的构成及限定词。教学要求：要求学生准确掌握限定词与名词、及句中各部分搭配。【内容提要】第一节限定词第二节代词第三节动词【教学重点与难点】教学重点：限定词与三类名词搭配关系、限定词用法比较、代词与先行项的“人称”、“性”、“数”的一致教学难点：动词的时、体、态【复习思考题】Fillintheblankswithdeterminersorindefinitepronounssemanticallyrelatedtoquantity.1.A:Doyouneedmoremilk?B:No,thereistoo________already.2.Heseldomuses__________papertostartafire.3.Shewanted__________stamps,buttherearen’t___________inthemachine.4._________peoplewillbelieve__________storyyoutellthem.第四部分动词的时和体【教学目的和要求】教学目的：介绍动词的时和体。教学要求：要求学生掌握句子各种时态、语态的使用，及虚拟式和助动词的选择和使用。【内容提要】第一节动词时、态和体的用法第二节将来时间表示法第三节词组动词的被动语态第四节非限定动词的被动语态第五节虚拟式的动词选择与时间的搭配第六节情态助动词的推测性用法和非推测性用法【教学重点与难点】教学重点：非限定动词的被动语态、be-虚拟式教学难点：情态动词的推测性用法【复习思考题】填入适当的动词形式。1.Itisessentialthathe________(have)allthefacts.2.Itisn’tasifshe________(notbe)pretty.第五部分　不定式、-ING分词、-ED分词【教学目的与要求】 教学目的：介绍不定式、-ING分词、-ED分词。教学要求:要求学生熟练掌握各种搭配关系，即各种形式的不同意义，并能熟练应用。【内容提要】第一节不定式的搭配关系第二节–ING分词的搭配关系第三节–ED分词的应用【教学重点与难点】教学重点：带to不定式与不带to不定式、主句主语与不定式的逻辑主语、能带-ing分词而不能带不定式的动词、能带不定式和-ing分词而意义不同的动词。教学难点：及物动词的-ed分词作前置修饰语、不及物动词的-ed分词作前置修饰语、悬垂分词。【复习思考题】用适当的分词形式或不定式形式填空1.Hewasinlowspiritsandevenconsidered_________(go)away.2.Thecriminaleventhreatened_________(murder)thepresident.3.Practise_________(put)thetipofyourtonguebetweenyourteethandblowing.第六部分　比较等级和从属结构【教学目的和要求】教学目的：介绍比较等级和从属结构。教学要求：要求学生熟练掌握使用比较级，分清句子成分主次。【内容提要】第一节形容词、副词比较级和最高级的不规则形式第二节比较结构用法的补充说明第三节并列于从属第四节限定从属分句第五节无动词分句【教学重点与难点问题】教学重点：as…as结构、more…than结构、when,while,as,before,after,until的用法教学难点：sothat与so…that结构【复习思考题】改错1.ForIhavenevermethim,Ican’ttellyouwhathelookslike.2.Theteacherisverystrictwithus,simplysincehewantsustomakerapidprogress.第七部分篇章衔接【教学目的和要求】教学目的：介绍英语文章的结构，比较英汉篇章结构的不同。教学要求：要求学生了解英语文章的结构，比较英汉篇章结构的不同，能写出地道的英语文章。【内容提要】第一节后置、前置、倒装第二节句子与语篇第三节语篇纽带 第四节语篇结构【教学重点与难点问题】教学重点：句子的意义和交际功能教学难点：连句成篇的逻辑纽带【复习思考题】分析短文，找出语段。Teachingissupposedtobeaprofessionalactivityrequiringlongandcomplicatedtrainingaswellasofficialcertification.Theactofteachingislookeduponasaflowofknowledgefromahighersourcetoanemptycontainer.Thestudent’sroleisoneofreceivinginformation;theteacher’sroleisoneofsendingit.Thereisacleardistinctionassumedbetweenonewhoissupposedtoknowandanother,usuallyyoungerperson,whoissupposednottoknow.执笔人：王昭审核人：王云杰 《英语语法》课程考核大纲【考核目的】了解学生对基本语法知识的掌握情况，帮助学生认识自己在语法和句法方面的不足，考核学生语法技能的实际情况，为以后的高年级学习提供帮助。【课程学习的基础】具备基本的英语知识，包括词汇和基本句型的掌握。【考核的内容范围】句子结构、词汇分类、时态和体态的使用、比较等级和比较结构、句子种类、篇章衔接手段【考核方法】期末闭卷笔试,占60%，平时考核（出勤、课堂表现）占40%。【对试题的要求】题型比例：客观性试题占80%，包括单选题，完型填空，填入正确形式，改错题等。主观性试题占20%，包括阅读题等。难度等级：分为较易、中等、较难三个等级，大致的比例是30：50：20。【考核的具体内容】第一部分语法层次知识点：1.词素：自由词素和粘附词素2.词：封闭词类和开放词类3.词组4.分句5.句子考核目标：1.识记：（1）词素（2）词组（3）句子（4）自由词素（5）粘附词素2.理解：（1）词素与单词的区别（2）认识完整的句子3.应用：简单应用：要求学生掌握基本的语法单位，了解词组分类，句子分类。第二部分句子结构和主谓一致知识点：1.基本句型及其转换与扩大2.以-s结尾的名词3.集体名词做主语4.数量名词做主语考核目标：1.识记：以-s结尾的名词、集体名词、数量名词2.理解：（1）准确记忆以-s结尾的名词的单复数用法；（2）分清集体名词做主语及数量名词做主语的动词形式。3.应用：简单应用：要求学生能辨别出句子的基本成分，牢记特殊名词的单、复数来判断动词和名词的单、复数搭配。第三部分词组与限定词知识点：1.限定词2.代词3.动词考核目标：1.识记：（1）限定词（2）动词2.理解：（1）限定词的意义与应用；（2）动词的形式3.应用：简单应用：能准确掌握限定词与名词、及句中各部分搭配 第四部分动词的时和体知识点：1.动词时、态和体的用法2.将来时间表示法3.词组动词的被动语态4.非限定动词的被动语态5.虚拟式的动词选择与时间的搭配6.情态助动词的推测性用法和非推测性用法考核目标：1.识记：（1）动词的时和体（2）将来事件表示法（3）词组与非限定动词的被动语态　2．理解：（1）非限定动词的被动语态的含义（2）虚拟式的含义　　3．应用：（1）语态（2）虚拟式（3）助动词第五部分不定式、-ING分词、-ED分词知识点：1.不定式的搭配关系2.–ING分词的搭配关系3.–ED分词的应用考核目标：1．识记：不定式、–ING分词、–ED分词2.理解：不定式、–ING分词与–ED分词的意义区别3.应用：简单应用：要求学生熟练掌握各种搭配关系，明确意义，找出争取答案。第六部分比较等级和从属结构知识点：1.形容词、副词比较级和最高级的不规则形式2.比较结构用法的补充说明3.并列于从属4.限定从属分句5.无动词分句考核目标：1.识记：（1）形容词、副词比较级和最高级的不规则形式（2）限定从属分句（3）无动词分句2.理解：（1）理解比较级最高级的意义和用法（2）分句的主动与被动含义3.应用：（1）比较级（2）句子成分主次第七部分篇章衔接知识点：1.后置、前置、倒装2.句子与语篇3.语篇纽带4.语篇结构考核目标：1.识记：（1）前置（2）倒装（3）语篇（4）语篇结构2.理解：（1）理解前置与倒装的用途；（2）理解英汉语篇的不同结构和行文规则3.应用：（1）英语文章的结构（2）英汉篇章结构差异【样题】I.MultipleChoices(每小题1分，共50分)1.Thetriptakes30hoursorso,andyouwillgettherethemorningofthefollowingday.A.inB.atC.onD.to2.Whichpersondoyoureferto?withdarkglasses.A.HeB.TheoneC.OneD.Each3.I’msorrytohavebegunthemeetingbeforeyoucame.Ithoughtyou.A.didn’tcomeB.shouldn’tcomeC.arenotcomingD.werenotcoming4.Asisknowntousall,noisshowntotheenemies.A.mercyB.loveC.rightD.offer 2.Don’tfeelnervouswhentoyournewmanager.A.tointroduceB.introducedC.introducingD.tobeintroduced3.Hestudiedhardandlaterbecameawell-knownwriter,____hisfatherhadexpected.A.thatwasthatB.whatwasthatC.whichwaswhatD.whichwasthat4.Twoyearslater,herfatherdisappeared,neveragain.A.tohearfromB.beingheardfromC.heardfromD.tobeheard5.—Shallwetakethishouse?—Oh,I’mafraiditmaybeexpensive.A.toomuchB.somuchC.muchtooD.toovery6.Couldyoumeafewminutes?Ineedyouradvice.A.giveB.spendC.spareD.take7.Victorcertainlytalksalotandheisneverinterestedinwhat____hastosay.A.nooneB.someoneotherC.everyoneD.anyoneelse8.Shortlyaftertheaccident,twoofpolicemanweresenttothespottokeep.A.score;orderB.dozen;controlC.hundred;silenceD.group;calm9.leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who10.NotuntilIbegantoworkhowmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didIrealizeB.didn’tIrealizeC.IrealizedD.Ididn’trealize11.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWarthesoldierdied?A.whenB.thatC.inwhichD.while12.Ifhestartedat9o’clock,hebetherebynow.A.shouldB.mustC.can’tD.need13.IseldomwatchTV,butlistentotheradioalot..A.SodoIB.NeitherdoIC.I’mthesameD.Soitiswithme14.Wouldyouliketojoinus?Sorry,Iamnotasanyofyou.A.sogoodplayerB.asogoodplayerC.sogoodaplayerD.asuchgoodplayer15.Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproducedcarsin1994astheyearbefore.A.astwicemanyB.asmanytwiceC.twiceasmanyD.twiceas16.Givethistoyouthinkcandotheworkwell.A.whoB.whoeverC.whomeverD.however17.Everymeans_tried,yetthismachine.A.has…won’tworkB.hasbeen…won’tworkC.havebeendoesn"tworkD.have…doesn’twork18.IfoundJohnthedesk,hishomeworkcarefully.A.seatedat…doingB.sittingat…todoC.satat…doesD.takinghisseatat…doing19.Heusedtohisteachingyearsago,butnowheisusedtoaboss.A.devotedto…beB.bedevotedto…beingC.devotedhimself…beD.devote…being 2.Carelessdrivingalotofhighaccident.A.affectsB.makesC.causesD.results3.It’slunchtime,youmustbehungrynow,you?A.almost;mustn’tB.about;don’tC.nearly;aren’tD.already;haven’t4.—ShallIhelpyouwiththecleaning?—No,Tom.Icanmanage,but.A.itdoesn’tmatterB.Idon’tmindC.itismypleasureD.thankyoujustthesame5.Thecollectionofshortstoriesissaidintoatleastfiveforeignlanguagesintheyearstocome.A.totranslateB.tobetranslatedC.tohavebeentranslatedD.tobetranslating6.tothedoctorrightaway,shemighthavebeenalivetoday.A.ifhewereB.ShouldhehavegoneC.werehegoneD.Hadhegone7.nooneathome,sheleftthehousesadly.A.FindingB.TofindC.ShefoundD.Found8.Tom’sfather,aswellashismother,inNewYorkforafewmoredays.A.suggesthimtostayB.suggestshimstaysC.suggesthimstayingD.suggestshestay9.LucylistenedcarefullyhemightdiscoverexactlywhatJohnneeded.A.inorderthatB.soasthatC.incaseD.soas10.ShanghaiandTianjing,theformerislarger.A.OfB.AmongC.BetweenD.About11.Nosoonergonehomeitbegantorainheavily.A.Ihad…whenB.hadI…thanC.haveI…thanD.Ihave…when12.Theroomwasincompletedisorderwithbitsofpaper,brokenbottlesandrustycans__________about.A.layingB.laidC.lyingD.lay13.Itwasnotuntilshehadarrivedhomerememberedthekeyinheroffice.A.whenshe…toleaveB.andshe…leavingC.thatshe…leavingD.she…toleave14.lawinhissparetime,hebecamealawyeratlast.A.StudiedB.HavestudiedC.BeingstudiedD.Studying15.intoawarmroom,theicebecomessmallerandsmaller.A.TakenB.HavetakenC.BeingtakenD.Taking16.Shelookedolderbecause.A.shewasbeautifuldressedB.shewaspoorlydressedC.SheiswearingoldclothesD.sheisinherforty17.Allthemachinesonceayear.A.willexamineB.areexaminedC.shouldexamineD.istobeexamined 2.What’swrongwithyourlittledaughter?Sheeatsanythingatall.A.seldomB.constantlyC.hardlyD.almost3.Youngpeoplewouldenjoyintheopen.A.campingoutB.tocampoutC.campedD.havingcampedout4.TheNegroSlavesweremadeonthecottonfieldsalldaylongbeforetheCivilWar.A.workingB.workC.workedD.towork5.Ihaveenoughcouragetospeakinpublic.A.noB.notC.notgetD.gotnot6.Thefirstbusinthemorningalwaysarrives.A.intimeB.latelyC.latestD.ontime7.insimpleEnglish,thestoryiseasy.A.Writing…toreadB.Written…toreadC.Havingwritten…toreadD.Writing…toberead8.,theysetouttoseethedam.A.RaininghardB.becauseofrainC.ItrainingheavilyD.Itrainedhardenough9.Youfinishedthehomeworkintimethanwehadexpected.A.lessB.muchC.littleD.most10.Speaklouder,please.Ican’thearyouaresaying.A.whatB.whichC.whoD.since11.WhathaveyoubeendoingIlastsawyou?A.beforeB.sinceC.whenD.unless12.Icandoitwellyougivemetime.A.unlessB.whyC.althoughD.though13.It’stimeweoverourlessons.A.goB.wentC.goingD.goneII.Puttheverbsinthecorrecttenses(每小题1分，共20分)Socialcustomsandwaysofbehaving____1____(change).Thingswhich____2____(consider)impolitemanyyearsago____3____(be)nowacceptable.Justafewyearsago,it____4____(be)consideredimpolitebehaviourforamantosmokeinthestreet.Nomanwho____5____(think)ofhimselfasbeingagentleman____6____(make)afoolofhimselfbysmokingwhenalady____7____(be)intheroom.Customsalso____8____(vary)fromcountrytocountry.____9____(do)amanwalkontheleftortherightofawomaninyourcountry?Or____10____(donot)itmatter?Whatabouttablemanners?Shouldyouusebothhandswhenyou____11_____(eat)?Shouldyouleaveoneinyourlap,oronthetable?Theimportantthingtorememberaboutsocialcustoms____12____(be)nottodoanythingthatmightmakeotherpeoplefeeluncomfortable—especiallyifthey____13____(be)yourguests.There____14____(be)anoldstoryaboutarichnoblemanwho____15____(give)averyformaldinnerparty.Whenthefood____16____(serve),oneoftheguests____17____(start)toeathispeaswiththeknife.Theotherguests____18____(amaze),butthenoblemancalmly____19____(pick)uphisknifeand____20____(begin)eatinginthesameway.Itwouldhavebeenbadmannerstomakehisguestfeelfoolishoruncomfortable. III.Correctthemistakes(每小题1分，共10分)MrsSmithwasunabletofallasleepatnightbut1.___________wasverytiredduringthedaytodoanything,even2.___________thesimplethingswhatsheusedtoenjoydoing.She3.___________hadheadachesmoreoften,whichpreventedherfromread4.___________orwatchingTV.Themoreshethoughthercondition,the5.___________worseshefelt.Atlastshewenttoseeherdoctor,and6.___________whomshehadknownforyears.Thedoctorlistenedher7.___________heartandsaid,“Thereisnothingseriouswrongwithyou,”8.___________butIacceptthefactthatyoudidn’tfeelwell.NowIgive9.___________yousomepillsthatwillhelp.Callingmetomorrowmorningandtellmehowyoufeel.”10.__________IV.Fillintheblankswithsuitableforms(每小题1分，共10分)1.Irememberhearinghimsaythegrassneeded__________(cut).2.Idon’tregret__________(tell)herwhatIthought,evenifitupsether.3.Sorry,wedon’tallow__________(smoke)inthelectureroom.4.Theyadviseyou__________(wait)beforedecidingtoacceptthejob.5.Iappreciate__________(you,want)tohelpmyfriend.6.Youshouldlike__________(he,start)takingmoreEnglishlessons.7.Hesuggested__________(call)ameetingandlettingtheworkersdecidethematter.8.Thegirldidn’tmean__________(eat)anythingbutthecakeslookedsogoodthatshecouldn’tresisttryingone.9.Hedidn’tfeellike__________(work),sohesuggestedspendingthedayinthegarden.10.Wedon’tunderstandhim__________(need)somuchmoney.V.Fillintheblankswiththepreposition(每小题1分，共10分)1.Iwithdrewalotofmoney__________thebankyesterday.2.Herefusedtocomment__________hiswork..3.Thewaiter’stipisincluded__________thebill.4.Wearmourselves__________possibledangers.5.Thereseemstobeasolution__________thisproblem.6.Herparentswillbedisappointed__________herifshefailstheexam.7.Yourcorrespondentshaveonlytouched__________thefringeofthematter.8.Youshouldnotputtheshortage__________tobadplanning.9.Theschoolmasterwilltaketheteachers’suggestion__________theconsideration.10.Isthereanyneed__________allthishurry?