高中英语语法学生版1 7页

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  • 2022-06-17 15:20:37 发布

高中英语语法学生版1

  • 7页
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高中定语从句详细讲解(一)定义及相关术语定语从句(AttributiveClauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。(二)关系代词引导的定语从句关系词指代成分that人,物主宾Which人,物主宾who人主宾Whom人宾whose人,物定1.who  指人,在定语从句中作主语。The boys who are playing football are from Class One.   Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.      That is the teacher who teaches us physics.       。2.whom  指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus.     Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see.      The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come.      The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor.     注意:关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替,也可省略。       The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.3.Which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。Football is a game which is liked by most boys.   The factory which makes computers is far away from here.   He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.   。4.that 指人时,相当于who 或whom;指物时,相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.   Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning?   The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind.   The season that / which comes after spring is summer.   Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia.   5.Whose  通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。whose+n.引导定语从句的结构是定语从句的一个考查热点,此结构可以换成是the+n.+of+which引导定语从句或者可以换成是ofwhich+the+n.I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. He has a friend whose father is a doctor.   I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.   注意:指物时,常用下列结构来代替:The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?  限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况1.当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时,或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。如:Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said?  There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.  All that can be done has been done.  There is little that I can do for you.  He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed.  注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who,如:Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.  All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people.  2.当先行词被序数词修饰时。如:The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.  3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如:This is the best film that I have ever seen.  这是我看过的最好的电影。4.当先行词被the very, the only修饰时。如:This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.  注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who。如:Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting.  5.当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如:Who is the man that is standing by the gate? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?  6.当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如:They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. who、whom、that的区别a.先行词为those或people时,常用关系代词who,不用thatb.介词之后用关系代词whom引导定语从句介词+关系代词引导定语从句的用法a.介词之后的关系代词只能用which(先行词为物)或者是whom(先行词为人)b.介词的选择方法有三个原则:一“先”二“动”三“意义”Ilostmypen,withwhichItooknotes.(先行词为pen,使用钢笔用with)Thisisthehouseinwhichhelives.(定语从句中谓语动词live为不及物动词)Thegasisoxygenwithoutwhichwecan’tlive.(根据句意决定)(三)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous.  他曾经就读过的学校很出名。Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。 This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。注意:1. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如:look for, look after, take care of 等。This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for.    (正)     这是我正在找的手表。This is the watch for which I am looking .    (误)The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy.    (正)The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.   (误)“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。如:He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.  In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.   There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.       Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.       先行词为way时先行词为way,在定语从句中作状语时,用that,inwhich引导定语从句,也可以省略关系词。e.g.Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)hespeakstohisparents.(四)关系副词引导的定语从句(when,where,why)注意:在从句中缺少状语先行词关系词成分时间time,day.holiday…When状语地点place,city,house,case…Where状语原因(thereason)why状语1.  when  指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。     I still remember the day when I first came to this school.            The time when we got together finally arrived.          October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.         Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents2.  where  指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。Shanghai is the city where I was born.  The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.  I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised .  Is this the place where they fought the enemy?  3.why  指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.  I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.   注意:关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如:     Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live.            The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.   先行词表示时间、地点、原因时,在定语从句中作状语,选择相应的关系副词when、where、why引导定语从句。若其在定语从句中作主语或宾语,则选择关系代词引导定语从句。区别三组例句:wherehelives.a.Thisistheplacethat/whichhevisitedlastyear. whenmybrotherwasalittleboy.b.Istillrememberthetimethat/whichwespenttogether.whyhewaslate.c.Thisisthereasonthat/whichhegaveus.某些非地点时间名词有定语从句修饰,关系词在从句中作状语,由where引导定语从句(stage,case,point,situation);同样用法的还有occasion,由when引导定语从句。e.g.Icanthinkofmanycaseswherestudentsknowalotofwordsbutdon’twriteagoodessay.Therearemanyoccasionswhenpeopledon’tknowwhattheywant.(五)限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句形式上:不用逗号“,”与主句隔开。意义上:是先行词不可缺少的定语,如删除,主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。译法上:译成先行词的定语:“...的”关系词的使用上:A.作宾语时可省略B.可用thatC.可用who 代替who非限制性定语从句形式上:用逗号“,”与主句隔开。意义上:只是对先行词的补充说明,如删除,主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上:通常译成主句的并列句。关系词的使用上:A.不可省略B.不用that,whyC.不可用who 代替whomHis mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.  Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year.   (六)关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时, 其用法有相同之处,也有不同之处。具体情况是:1.   as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语,代表前面整个句子。如:He married her, as / which was natural.  他跟她结婚了,这是很自然的事。He is honest, as / which we can see.  他很诚实, 这一点我们看得出来。 2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后,甚至还可以分割主句。 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外,as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如:As is known to all, China is a developing country.   众所周知,中国是发展中国家He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.  John, as you know, is a famous writer.  正如你所知, 约翰是个著名作家。注意:当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时,关系词往往只用whichTom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.  These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy.  1.  当先行词受such, the same 修饰时,关系词常用as。 如:I’ve never heard such stories as he tells.  我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。He is not such a fool as he looks.  他可不象他看上去的那样傻。This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.  这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。 注意:当先行词受the same 修饰时,偶尔也用 that引导定语从句,但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如:She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.     定语从句中的谓语动词关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句中的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。e.g.Anyonewhowantstohaveaholidayputsupyourhand.Thosewhowanttohaveaholidayputupyourhand.Thisisoneofthestudentswhohavepassedtheexam.Thisistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohaspassedtheexam.Exercises:1.Therearethreebedroomsinthehouse,_____isMary"s.Athesmallest ofwhich  Bthesmallerofwhich  Cthesmallestofthem  Dthesmallestone 2.TheGreenswillmoveintothenewhousenextMonday,_____itwillbecompletelyfinished.Abythetime  Bbywhichtime Cbythattime Dbythistime3.Alicehasalargecollectionofphone,_____wastakeninLondon.Anoneofthem  Bnooneofwhich  Callofwhich Dnoneofwhich4.Withthefastdevelopmentofagriculture,thepeople___villageItaughtbefore livedahappylifeAwho  Bwhose  Cinwhose  Dinwhich5.Thereisamountain____thetopisalwayscoveredwithsnow.Awhose Bof  which Cit"s  Dthat6.Shemayhavemissedhertrain,in____caseshewon"tarriveforanotherhour.Awhat  Bthat  Cwhich  Dthis7.Therearetwothousandstudentsinourschool,____aregirls.Atwo-thirdsinwhich  Btwo-thirdsinthem Ctwo-thirdsofthem Dofwhomtwothirds8.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_____writeswell.Aneitherofthem Bnoneofthem Cneitherofwhich  Dnoneofwhich 定语从句1.Thisisthebestfactory____wevisitedlastyear. A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.that2.Isthisthefactory____computersarebuilt? A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.inthat3.pleasepassmethedictionary____coverisred.A.whose B.its C.whichD.whichof4.Theman____hasarrived.  A.whomItoldyouB.thatItoldyouC.whomItoldyouabouthimD.Itoldyouabout5.Doyouknowthecomrade____wearetalking? A.towhomB.towhoC.whomD.tothat6.Theyvisitedthehouse___thegreatwriterwasborn. A.fromwhereB.inwhichC.whichD.inwhere7.Thecomrade___isspeakingatthemeetingismyteacher. A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose8.Heaskedustowatchcarefullyeverything___hedidinclass. A.whoB.thatC.whatD.where 9.I’llvisittheprofessortomorrow,___hewillbebackfromShanghai. A.whoB.thatC.whenD.which10.Theschool___Istudyisanewone. A.onwhichB.atwhereC.onthatD.atwhich11.Chinahasmanyislands,____thelargestisTaiwan. A.inwhichB.atwhichC.whichD.ofwhich12.Thecity____mymothergrewupisnotfarfromhere. A.what B.whereC.thatD.which13.Ourteacherlivesinthehouse____doorfacestothenorth. A.whichB.hisC.thatD.whose14.Doyouknowtheman___yourfathernodded? A.whomB.towhomC.towhoD.aboutwhom15.Wrestlingisasportin___peopleeasilygethurt. A.thatB.whenC.whichD.what16.Itoldyou____Iknow. A.allthatB.allwhichC.allwhatD.allwhom17.Chinahasalotoffamouswriters,one___isLuXun. A.ofwhichB.ofwhomC.ofwhoD.ofthem18.Isthisfactory____wevisitedlastyear? A.inwhichB.aroundthatC.whomD.theone19.Whoistheman____wasthere? A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whom20.Isthereanything____Icandoforyou,sir? A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.who21.Istillremembertheday____shefirstworethatgreendress. A.whichB.inwhichC.onthatD.onwhich22.Theknife____weusedtocutthebreadisverysharp. A.withwhichB.withitC.withthatD.which23.Thegames____theyoungmencompetedinweredifficult.A.  inwhichB.whichC.itD.who24.Itrainedhardyesterday,____preventedmefromgoingtothepark..A.that B.which  C.as D.it25.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_____lovedclimbing.    A.who            B.whom            C.he        D.which             历届高考英语单项选择题定语从句精选26.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone______familywaspoor.A.ofwhom  B.whom    C.ofwhose   D.whose       27.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.it       B.which      C.this      D.that              28.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.A.that      B.who       C.fromwhom    D.towhom             29.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.what      B.which      C.that      D.it               30.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown____hegrewupasachild.A.which     B.where      C.that      D.when               31.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,______personallyIdoubtverymuch.A.it     B.that      C.when      D.which              32.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,________,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.who     B.which     C.this       D.what                33.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_____wasveryreasonable.A.whichprice            C.thepriceofwhichC.itsprice             D.thepriceofwhose34._____hasalreadybeenpointedout,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.A.As       B.It       C.That      D.Which35.HelivedinLondonfor3months,during____timehelearnedsomeEnglish.A.this      B.which      C.that      D.same36.Onthewallhungapicture,_____colorisblue.A.whose     B.ofwhich    C.which      D.its37.WheneverImethim,____wasfairlyoften,Ilikehissweetandhopefulsmile.A.what      B.which     C.that      D.when38.Thevisitoraskedtheguidetotakehispicture_____standsthefamoustower.A.that      B.where      C.which      D.there39.Theboss____departmentMsKingworkedtenyearsagolookdownuponwomen.A.inwhich    B.inthat     C.inwhose    D.whose40.Idon’tlike_____youspeaktoher.A.theway    B.thewayinthat C.thewaywhich  D.thewayofwhich41.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella._______Igotwetthrough.A.It’sthereason          B.That’swhyC.There’swhy            D.It’show42.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,____ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkis         B.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkit          D.Ithinkwhichis特殊结构定语从句点击1.Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice________peopleexpected.A.likeB.asC.thatD.which2.I"veneverheardsointerestingastory________youtoldme.A.asB.thatC.ofwhichD.aboutwhich3.I"veseenthesamefilm________yousawyesterday.A.thatB.whichC.asD.like4.I"llbuythesamecoat________youwear.A.thatB.whichC.asD.like5.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,________ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkis6.________isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What7.Thisisthefirsttime________hehasbeenhere.A.thatB.whenC.atwhichD.which