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  • 2022-06-17 15:22:09 发布

中考英语语法复习之冠词专项

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中考英语语法复习之冠词专项冠词分为不定冠词(a,an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。冠词常用a/an/the来说明名词所表示的人或事物,常位于名词之前,故称为冠词。冠词是名词的一种标志,不能脱离名词独立存在,不能单独做句子成分,故冠词是虚词,(1)表示“一”相当于“one”。I’llreturninadayortwo.(2)表示“每”相当于“per”。Wehavethreemealsaday.(3)表示“同一性”相当于“thesame”。Thechildrenareofanage.(4)表示类指,表示“某类”,“一类人或事”。Hewantstobeadoctor.(5)表示泛指,相当于“any”。Ahorseisausefulanimal.(6)与序数词连用,表示“又一,再一”。asecondforeignlanguage.(7)与抽象名词连用,可以表示“一场、一次、一件”用于抽象名词具体化的名词前asuccess(具体化)成功的人或事apity可惜或遗憾的事(8)与物质名词连用,表示“一种,一阵、一份”。Whataheavyrain!Whatagoodsupper!(9)用于不可数名词前,表示某一部分,或某一方面的内容介绍。Chinawithalonghistoryandapopulationofover1.3billionisadevelopingcountry.(10)用于人名前,或专有名词前,表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事,—Hello,couldIspeaktoMr.Smith?—Sorry,wrongnumber.Thereisn"taMr.Smithhere.(11)用于so(as,too,how)+形容词之后Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet.(12)用于quite,rather,many,half,what,such之后Thisroomisratherabigone.(13)用于动词短语中,表示短暂性的动作takearest/walk/break/bath(14)用于同源宾语前dreamagooddream/smileasweetsmile/liveahappylife(15)用于固定词组中acoupleof,abit,agreatof,alotof,(16)习惯用法,可构成与时间、数量、方式、有关的短语onceuponatime,inahurry(1)用于世上独一无二的事物名词前theuniverse,themoon,thePacificOcean(2)表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事前Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?(3)用于演奏西洋乐器前playtheviolin,playtheguitar(4)用于形容词和分词前表示一类人thereach,theliving,thewounded(5)表示“一家人”或“夫妇”(对比上文的不定冠词用法10) —CouldyoutellmethewaytotheJohnsons,please?(6)与比较级和最高级连用①比较级+and+比较级表示“越来越……”Theharderheworks,thehappierhefeels.②表示两者间“较……的一个”比较级前加the。Whoistheolderofthetowboys?③三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,用“the+最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。ZhangHuaisthetallestofthethree.(7)用于方位名词,身体部位名词Hehitmeontheshoulder.(8)用于表示度量单位的名词前bythehour/weight/pound/dozen/foot/day/week/month(9)用于方位名词,身体部位名词Hepattedmeontheshoulder.(10)在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的某个年代inthe1990’s(二十世纪九十年代).(11)用于国家、党派、宗教以及江河湖海,山川群岛、报刊的名词前theCommunistPartyofChina(12)用于表示发明物的单数名词前.ThecompasswasinventedinChina.(13)用于单数可数名词前,表示一类人或物。InmanyplacesinChina,thebicycleisstillapopularmeansoftransportation.(14)固定或习惯用法inthemorning;intheevening;bytheway;inthedaytime;gototheconcert;atthebeginning;注意:短语前不加定冠词:atdawn在黎明 atnight在晚上 atnoon在正午atdusk在黄昏(15)用于集体名词前,表示某个集体中的全部。(对比上文的不定冠词用法9)Thestudentsinourclassareeagertoknowthesecret.(1)季节,月份,星期,节假日,一日三餐前(2)表示独一无二的职位,身份,头衔的名词前(3)表示球类,棋类、学科、语言前等运动的名词前(4)与by连用表示交通方式的名词前(5)以and连接的两个相对单位的名词并用时dayandnight;facetoface;dayafterday;(6)名词前有this,my,whose,some,no,each,every等限制(7)专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词,人名地名等名词前(8)no与such连用时应放在such之前,such后面的名词不用冠词。Nosuchthinghappenedinthisvillage.(9)never、ever置于作主语的名词前,这些名词前不用冠词。Neverdidstudentstudysohard.(10)表示泛指的复数名词前;man泛指一类人前Horsesareusefulanimals.(11)as/though引导的倒装句中,不带冠词。Childassheis,sheknowsalotofFrench.(12)系动词turn(作“变成”)后作表语的单数可数名词前不用冠词。Theyounggirlhasturnedwriter. (13)有一些人身兼多种身份,只在第一个名词前加冠词,但若指不同的人要分别加冠词。aworkerandwriter工人兼作家aworkerandawriter一个工人和一个作家(14)形容词的最高级前、序数词前也有不用定冠词的情况。①“most+形容词原级”作“十分、非常、极”解时,前面不用定冠词。Oh,it’smostbeautiful.②当两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时,第二个形容词前通常不用定冠词。Sheisthetallestandfattestgirlinourschool.③形容词最高级前有名词所有格或物主代词时,不能用定冠词。④序数词前面一般加定冠词,但在second、third等词前加不定冠词表示“又一,再一”之意注意:下句中“afirst”表示“第一名、冠军”。Heoftengetsafirstinmath.(15)习惯用法atleastatbreakfastatuniversityatdarkatdownatdinneratfirstdoharmto有些短语不用冠词和用冠词的不同意义infuture今后,往后inthefuture在将来inhospital住院(因病)inthehospital在医院(工作、参观等)infrontof在前面,指某物体之外inthefrontof在前部,指某物之内attable在吃饭atthetable在桌子边gotobed上床睡觉gotothebed朝床边走去注意:地点名词表示地点时,其前用定冠词;表示在这一地点所发生的活动时,其前不加冠词。冠词一般放在名词之前,名词之前若有形容词,冠词放在形容词之前。下列情况例外:1.不定冠词用于下列副词加形容词之后:as,how,however,so,too等。Heisasgoodasoldierashewas.2.不定冠词置于such,what,many,not,too,muchof等之后。3.定冠词通常放在all,both,double,exactly,just等词之后。4.不定冠词常用于quite和rather之后,但如果另有形容词修饰时,不定冠词既可放在第二位,也可放在第一位,但最常见的仍是第二位。Itwasquite/ratheracoldday.=Itwasaquite/rathercoldday.5.当名词前的比较级被no,all,far,much等修饰时也要后置。HeisnolessamanthanthePresident.6.定冠词要放在half,twice,much等之后。Hepaidtwicethepriceforit.他花了两倍的钱买了它。7.如果名词被副词hardly,scarcely,barely,exactly所修饰,或和一个形容词共同修饰时,冠词要放在上述副词之后、形容词之前。Thisishardlyarightthingtodo.这几乎是不能做的事。4.注意:专有名词前用不定冠词有两种可能: ①表示某姓名的某人或和…相似的人或地方:HewishestobeanEdison.②表示某人的作品或某厂家的产品:IhaveaVanGogh.我有一幅梵高的画。★虽然a和one都有“一”的意思,但意义不同:可数名词表类指时的三种形式the+单数可数名词,表示一类事物的总体概念;e.g.ThebikeiseverypopularinChina?a+单数可数名词,侧重类别中的任何一个;e.g.Evenawomancandoit.复数可数名词,侧重类别中的许多个体;e.g.Doyoulikehorses?morethanayear一年多(不到两年)morethanoneyear不止一年(两年、三年等)不定冠词的固定搭配afew,alittle,alot,acoupleofalargenumberof许多forawhile一会儿inaminute立即makeapromise许下诺言haveawordwith与…说句话inaway从某种意义上说inaword简言之;总之makeadecision作出决定makeafoolofsb.愚弄某人payavisitto对…进行访问doab.afavor帮某人一个忙haveagiftfor对…有天赋haveaneffecton对…有影响普通名词+of+专有名词”这类词组前均需加the:theCapeofGoodHopetheCityofNewYork表接触或打击身体某部位时,身体部位名词前通常加the.在“动词+sb.+介词+the+部位”结构中,部位前用the,而且不能省略。动词是beat,hit,strike,knock,slap,pat等,身体部位是head,shoulder,back等时,介词多为on(in多与theface连用);动词是catch,grasp,seize,pull,take,lead等,部位是hand,collar等时,介词多为by。当English,German等表示某国语言的名词后出现了language时,前面的English,German就是形容词了,前必须加定冠词the。如:theEnglishlanguage除了以现在为基准的时间外,表示一般的时间关系时,next和last前应当加上定冠词ThenexttraintoHongKongisat10:00.下一趟去香港的火车是十点。Thismaybethelastchance.这可能是最后的机会。Next和thenext所表达的时间概念不一样,如nextMonday指从说话时刻算起“下一个星期一”;thenextMonday指从过去或将来某时算起“下一个星期一”:He’llleaveherenextweek.他下周将离开这里。(以现在为背景)不定冠词可以用在被形容词比较级修饰的名词前,表示“一个更…的”。TheMP4playeristooexpensiveforme.Iwantacheaperone.这个MP4太贵了,我要一个更便宜一点的。表伴随动作的“名词+副词/介词短语”作独立结构时,名词前不用冠词Ourteachercameintotheclassroom,papersinhand.我们的老师走进了教室,手里拿着试卷。1.—Whatdoyouwanttobeinthefuture,Lucy?—Iwanttobe_____pilot.Itis_____excitingjob.A.a;aB.a;anC.a;theD.the;an 2.Marywasbornin1998andshebegantoplay_______guitarattheageofseven.A.aB.不填C.theDan3.Thehouseisverynice.Hasitgot________garden?A./  B.a C.an   D.the4.Thisis_________3-Dprinter.Andthisisanartificial(人工的)ear.Canyoubelievethatscientistsprintedthisartificialearbythis3-Dprinter?A.aB.anC.theD./5.Whatdoyouusuallyhavefor________breakfast?Apieceofbreadand______egg.A.a;anB.不填;theC.a;theD.不填;an6.--Whatdoyouthinkof_______touraroundourcity?-Oh,what_______differentYangzhou!Ilikeitverymuch.A.the;不填B.a;aC.the;aD.a;不填7.WhatdotheneighborsthinkofLiLei?Theysayheis______luckyboy.A.aB.anC.theD/8.ItisbelievedthattravellingtoYangzhouin________Marchis________enjoyableexperience.A./;theB.the;anC./;anD.the;the9.MycousinAndycanplay_________pianoverywell,butheisn’tgodatplaying________basketball.A.the;theB./;theC.the;/D./;/10._________GreatWallis__________longestwallintheworld.A.The,theB.A.a.C.The,a11.LinShuhaois________goodbasketballplayerintheNBA.A./B.aC.anD.the12.---Thisis_________storyI’vetoldyouaboutseveraltimes.---It’sgreat.I’veneverheard_____________moremovingone.A.the,aB.the,theC.a,aD.a,the13.Mysisterlikesplaying_____guitarandshealsolikesplaying______soccer.A.the;theB./;/C./;theD.the;/14.Doyouknowaspaceshipfliesataboutnineteenkilometers________second?A.theB.aC./D.an15.-DoesHezehave__________airport?-No,butwecantake__________bustoJinanorZhengzhou.A.an;theB.an;aC.the;aD.a:a16.A:Ienjoyedtheperformanceverymuch.B:Yes,itwasreallygood.Ithink________boyinwhitewasthebestactor.A:aB:anC:theD:/17.Thereis___________egginthebowl.A.aB./C.anD.the18.—What"sinthebox?—Thereis___________appleandsomeorangesinit.A.aB.anC.theD/19._________maninablackhatismyPEteacher.Heoftenplays__________footballwithus.A.A;theB.The;aC.The;/D.A;/20.Hurryup,orwe’llbelate.Takeyourtime—it’sjust______shortdistancefromhereto________cinema.A./;theB.the;aC.a;theD./;a21.Perhapsthefamousfootballstarwon’tplay__________footballanylonger.A.aB.anC.theD./22.---Excuseme,isthere________bookbyMoYan?---Yes.It’son_________bookshelfoverthere.A.a;/B.a;theC./;theD.the;a23.Mariawouldlike_________orange,not___________orangejuice. A.a;theB./;anC.an;/D.an;an24.-Thisisausefuldictionary,Ithink.-Soitis,andit’s______unusualone.A.theB.anC.aD.不填25.Ilike_______colorofyourcoat.I’llbuy_______blouselikethiscolor.A.the;theB.a;aC.the;aD.a;the26.Theyoftentake____________walkafterdinner.A.aB.∕C.theD.an27.Whois___________manunderthetree?A.aB.anC.theD./28.MyfriendAmyoftentakes_________walkwithherdogintheparkafterdinner.A.不填B.aC.anD.the29.-----What’s_____matterwithyou?------Ihave_____fluA.the,/B./,theC.the,the30.Doyouknow______girlingreen?Sheisourmonitor.A.aB.anC.theD.不填31.Weplay________basketballafterclass.A.aB.anC.theD./32.-AreyougoingtoBeijingby______train?-No.I’mtaking______car.A./;aB.A;theC./;/D.the;a33.Itisagoodhabittogoto______bedearlyandgetupearly.A.aB.anC.theD.不填34.Ithinkit’sreally_________hardworkformetofinishthejobintwentyminutes.A.aB.anC.theD.不填35.—Howdoyoulike________colorofmydress?—Wonderful!Ilikeitverymuch.A.aB.anC.theD./36.—What’s________matter?—Acarisin__________way.A.a;aB./;theC.the;aD.the;the37.—Lily,thereis_________schoolbagnearthewindow.Isityours?—Yes,itis.Thankyou!A.aB.anC.theD.不填38.Shehasgottwocatsnow.______blackandwhiteoneiscalledRosieand______brownoneJoseph.A.The;aB.A;theC.The;theD.A;a39.GuanTianlangis_____________14-year-oldboy,butheisfamousallovertheworld.A.aB.anC.theD./40.—Doyouknow______womaninred?—Yes,she’saprofessorof_________university.A.the;aB.a;anC.the;anD./;the41.Lookat______girlwithsunglasses.Sheismycousin.A.aB.anC.theD./42.Lilyis_____girl.A.a8-years-oldB.an8-years-oldC.an8-year-oldD.a8-year-old43.—Whichcoatwouldyoulike?—I’dlike_________orangeonewithwhiteflowersonit.A.aB.anC.theD./44.--Areyou_______AmericanorEnglish?--English.WebothworkinShanghai.A.aB./C.theD.an45.GeYouis______interestingactor.Hehaslotsoffans.A.aB.不填C.an46.---DoyouthinkthatObamais_________honestandcapableman?---Yes.Andthatiswhyhewaschosen_________presidentofAmerica.A.a;aB.the;theC.an;/D.a;/47.Heis_____American. I’m_____English.A.a,aB.an,aC.the,theD./,/48.---Iwouldliketositin__________frontofthebus.---Me,too.Andwecanhave________betterview.A./,theB./,aC.the,aD.the,the