2013高考英语语法手册(免费自学学案) 405页

2013高考英语语法手册在实用英语备受青睐的现在，大家在学习英语和准备各种考试时，总是把听说读写放在首位，诚然，学习语言重在实践。但是，请不要忽视语法的作用，特别是在阅读和写作中，他能帮助你分析清楚句子结构，准确抓住句子的要点，更能帮你写出复杂而优美的长句。以下为你整理《英语语法手册》全集，不需背诵记忆，只要静下心阅读一遍，就能有所收获！更希望你能把他们融在平时的阅读写作里.[英语语法手册]关于词类和句子成分根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的功用将词分为若干类，叫做词类。一个句子由各个功用不同的部分所构成，这些部分叫做句子成分。学一个词，要学它的发音、拼法、意义，也要记它的词类；更重要的是要了解它和其他词的关系，及其在句中作什么句子成分。如ChinaisinEastAsia(中国位于东亚)一句中的China这个单词所属的词类是名词，在句子中作主语。词类(partsofspeech)英语的词通常分为十大类：1）名词(noun，缩写为n.)是人和事物的名称，如pen(钢笔)，English(英语)，life(生活)。2)代词(pronoun，缩写为pron.)是用来代替名词的词，如we(我们)，his(他的)，all(全部)。3)形容词(adjective，缩写为adj.)用来修饰名词，如great(伟大的)，honest(诚实的)，difficult(困难的)。4)数词(numeral，缩写为num.)是表示"多少"和"第几"的词，如four(四)，eighteen(十八)，first(第一)，eighth(十八)，hundred(一百)。5)动词(verb，缩写为v)表示动作和状态，如write(写)，walk(行走)，think(想)。6)副词(adverb，缩写为。adv.)是修饰动词、形容词和副词的词，如quickly(快)，often(经常)，very(很)。7)冠词(article，缩写为art.)说明名词所指的人或物的词，如a，an(一个)，the(这，那)。8)介词(preposition，缩写为prep.)表示名词(或代词)与句子里其它词的关系，如from(从)，in(在…内)，between(在…之间)。9)连词(conjunction，缩写为conj.)是连接词、短语、从句和句子的词，如and(和)，because(因为)，if(假如)。10)感叹词(interjection，缩写为int.)表示感情，如。oh(噢)，aha(啊哈)，hush(嘘)。[注一]属于前六类(名、代、形、数、动、副等词)的词都有实义，叫做实词(notionalword)。属于后四类（冠、介、连、感等词）的词没有实义，叫做虚词(formword)。[注二]不少词可以属于几个词类，如work(工作；动词和名词)，fast(快；形容词和副词)，since(自从；连词和介词)等。句子成分(membersofthesentence)英语的句子由主语部分与谓语部分组成。具体地讲，主要有下列六种句子成分：1)主语(subject)它是句子所要说明的人或事物，是一句的主体。如IstudyEnglish(我学习英语)中的I。2)谓语动词(predicateverb)它是说明主语的动作或状态的，如IstudyEnglish中的study。3)表语(predicative)它是放在连系动词之后表示主语的身分或特征的，如Iamastudent(我是一个学生)中的student；Ourclassroomisclean(我们的教室很干净)中的clean。第405页 4)宾语(object)它是表示及物动词动作的对象的，如IstudyEnglish中的English。介词后面的名词或代词，叫做介词的宾语，如Theydon"tworkonSunday(他们星期天不工作)中的Sunday，就是介词on的宾语。5)定语(attribute)它是限定或修饰名词或代词用的，如Helikestodrinkco1dmilk(他喜欢喝冷牛奶)中的co1d。6)状语(adverbial)它是修饰动词、形容词、副词用的，如Heworkshard(他努力工作)中的hard。[注]虚词在句子中一律不能作为句子成分。[英语语法手册]英语词法和句法1.词法(morphology)词法研究的对象是各种词的形式及其用法。英语词类的形式变化有：名词和代词的数、格和性的形式变化；动词的人称、时态、语态、语气等形式变化；以及形容词和副词比较等级的形式变化。2.句法(syntax)句法研究的对象是句子各个组成部分及其安排的规律。[英语语法手册]词类和句子成分的关系在句子里，一定的句子成分由一定的词类来担任。现将哪些句子成分通常由哪些词类来担任列述如下：主语：名词和代词Beijingisthecapitalofourcountry.北京是我国的首都。(名词Beijing作主语)Sheisfondofsports.她爱好运动。(代词She作主语)谓语动词：动词Mybrotherrides.hisbicycletowork.我哥哥骑自行车上班。(动词rides作谓语动词)表语：名词、代词和形容词Hisfatherisadoctor.他父亲是个医生。(名词doctor作表语)ThelessoniseasyandShort.这课书又容易又短。(形容词easy和short作表语)Thatclassroomisours，那个教室是我们的。(代词ours作表语)宾语：名词和代词Ilovemusic.我热爱音乐。(名词music作宾语)Themedicineisgoodforher.这药对她有效。(代词her作宾语)定语：形容词LiHongisanexcellentteacher.李红是一位好老师。(形容词excellent作定语)状语：副词OurmonitordoeswellinEnglish.我们班长英语学得好。(副词well作状语)英语语法手册]短语、从句和句子短语(phrase)具有一定意义但不构成从句或句子的一组词，叫做短语。短语在句子里可以单独作为一个句子成分。短语的种类很多，但本书只用下列几个短语名称：a)不定式短语(infinitivephrase)如He1ikestoreadnewspapersafterlunch(他喜欢在午饭后读报)中的toreadnewspapersafterlunch。b)动名词短语(gerundialphrase)如：Stayingindoorsalldayisunhealthy(整天呆在家里不利于健康)中的staymgindoorsallday。c)分词短语(participialphrase)如：Isawmanypeoplewalkingalongthelake(我看见许多人在湖边散步)中的walkingalongthelake。第405页 d)介词短语(prepositionalphrase)如：Hecamebybus(他乘公共汽车来)中的bybus。从句(clause)内含主语部分和谓语部分，表达一定的概念，但不成为一个独立句子的一组词，叫做从句。从句在句子里可以作为一个句子成分，一般由连词、关系代词或关系副词所引导。从句在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等句子成分；a)主语从句(subjectclause)如WhatIwanttosayisthis(我要说的是这么一点)中的whatIwanttosay。b)表语从句(predicativeclause)如ThisiswhatIwanttosay(这是我要说的)中的whatIwanttosay。c)宾语从句(objectclause)如IhavesaidwhatIwanttosay(我说完了我要说的话)中的whatIwanttosay。d)定语从句(attributiveclause)如ThisisthethingIwanttosay(这就是我要说的)中的Iwanttosay。e)状语从句(adverbialclause)如Ifyouwanttosaysomething，sayitclearly(假如你要说什么，就应说清楚)中的ifyouwanttosaysomething。句子(sentence)内含主语部分和谓语部分，有比较完整的意义的一组词，叫做句子。【从句子结构本身来看，句子可分为：a)简单句(simplesentence)只有一个主语部分和一个谓语部分，如：Thepeople"sRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949.中华人民共和国于一九四九年成立。b)并列句(compoundsentence)包括两个或两个以上的简单句，中间常由连词连接，如：Tom"sfatherworkedfrommorningtillnightbuthegotverylittlemoney.汤姆的父亲从早干到晚，但挣得的钱很少。c)复合句(complexsentence)内含一个或一个以上的从句，如：It"salongtimesinceIsawyoulast.好久没有看见你了。【从说话人说话的目的来看，句子可分为：a)陈述句(declarativesentence)用来叙述一件事，如：Isawhimyesterday.昨天我看见他了。b)疑问句(interrogativesentence)用来提出疑问，如：Didyouseehimyesterday?你昨天见到他了吗?c)祈使句(imperativesentence)表示请求、命令等，如：Pleasecomein.请进来。d)感叹句(exclamatorysentence)表示喜怒等各种情感，如：Whatabeautifulvoiceshehas!她嗓子多好啊!2013高考英语高频词汇沈阳高分英语家教吴军免费版（非核心授课版）1.accidentn.事故,意外的事2.adventuren.冒险;奇遇3.advertisementn.广告4.ambulancen.救护车5.anxiousa.忧虑的,焦急的第405页 6.apologizevi.道歉,谢罪7.appearancen.出现,露面;容貌8.appointmentn.约会9.appreciatev.欣赏;感激10.audiencen.观众,听众11.averagea.平均的;普通的n.平均数12.baggagen.行李13.bamboon.竹14.beardn.（下巴上的）胡须15.behaviourn.行为,举止16.blamen.&v.责备;责怪17.bleedvi.出血,流血18.telephonebooth电话亭19.boringa.乏味的,无聊的20.breathevi.呼吸21.broadcast（broadcast,broadcast）vt.广播22.businessmann.商人;企业家23.cameran.照相机;摄像机24.candlen.蜡烛25.carrotn.胡萝卜26.ceilingn.天花板,顶棚27.celebratev.庆祝28.centigradea.摄氏的29.centuryn.世纪,百年30.certificaten.证明,证明书31.chainstore(s)连锁店32.cheekn.面颊,脸蛋33.chemistryn.化学34.circlen.圆圈vt.将……圈起来第405页 35.classicala.传统的;古典的36.climaten.气候37.clinicn.诊所38.collegen.学院;专科学校39.comfortablea.舒服的;安逸的;舒服自在的40.commentn.评论41.communicatev.交际;传达（感情,信息等）42.comparevt.比较,对照43.compositionn.作文;作曲44.conceiteda.骄傲自满的45.conditionn.条件,状况46.conferencen.（正式的）会议;讨论47.congratulatevt.祝贺48.contenta.甘愿的,满意的n.内容49.convenienta.便利的,方便的50.countern.柜台,结账51.countrysiden.乡下,农村52.cousinn.堂（表）兄弟,堂（表）姐妹53.crazya.疯狂的54.crowdeda.拥挤的55.curiousa.好奇的;奇异的56.dailya.每日的;日常的ad.每天n.日报57.damagen.&vt.毁坏,损害58.dampa.&n.潮湿（的）59.dangerousa.危险的60.daughtern.女儿61.dawnn.黎明,拂晓62.deadlinen.最后期限,截止日期63.Decembern.12月第405页 64.deliciousa.美味的,可口的65.delivervt.投递（信件,邮包等）66.dentistn.牙科医生67.describevt.描写,叙述68.destroyvt.破坏,毁坏69.determinevt.决定;决心70.developv使发展;使发达;使发育;开发vt冲洗照片71.devotevt.把……奉献;把……专用（于）72.diaryn.日记;日记簿73.dictionaryn.词典,字典74.dining-room食堂,饭厅75.disadvantagen.不利条件;弱点76.disappearvi.消失77.disastern.灾难;祸患78.discoveryn.发现79.diseasen.病,疾病80.distanta.远的,遥远的81.districtn.区;地区;区域82.disturbvt.扰乱;打扰83.dividevt.分,划分84.dizzya.头晕目眩的85.downloadn.&v.下载（计算机用语）86.drawern.抽屉87.drunka.醉的88.easy-goinga.随和的89.educationn.教育,培养90.effortn.努力,艰难的尝试91.electricityn.电;电流92.encouragevt.鼓励第405页 93.endlessa.无止境的;没完的94.enlargevt.扩大95.entertainmentn.娱乐96.entrancen.入口;入场;进入的权利;入学许可97.envelopen.信封98.environmentn.环境99.especiallyad.特别,尤其100.examinevt.检查;诊察101.excellenta.极好的,优秀的102.exitn.出口,太平门103.expectvt.预料;盼望;认为104.experiencen.经验;经历105.expertn.专家,能手106.explanationn.解释,说明107.expressvt.表达;表示;表情n.快车,特快专递108.failuren.失败109.fairlyad.公正地,正当地;相当（程度）地110.familiara.熟悉的111.favourite(美favorite)a.喜爱的n.特别喜爱的人或物112.Februaryn.2月113.festivala.节日的,喜庆的114.firmn.公司;企业a.坚固的,坚定的115.foggya.多雾的116.followinga.接着的;以下的117.forgetfula.健忘的,不留心的118.formera.以前的,从前的;（两者之中的）前者119.fortunatea.幸运的;侥幸的120.freezinga.冻结的;极冷的121.frequenta.经常的;频繁的第405页 122.fresha.新鲜的123.fridge=refrigeratorn.冰箱124.frightenvt.使惊恐,吓唬126.graduallyad.逐渐地127.graduatev.毕业128.gratefula.感激的,感谢的129.habitn.习惯,习性130.hardworkinga.努力工作的131.helpfula.有帮助的,有益的132.hobbyn.业余爱好,嗜好133.honesta.诚实的,正直的134.imaginevt.想像,设想135.immediatelyad.立即136.impossiblea.不可能的137.impressionn.印象,感觉138.improvevt.改进,更新139.includevt.包含,包括140.increasev.&n.增加,繁殖141.independenta.独立的;有主见的142.informationn.信息143.intendvt.想要,打算144.interestn.兴趣,趣味;利息145.internationala.国际的146.internetn.互联网,英特网147.interviewn.&vt.采访,会见,面试148.Januaryn.一月149.journeyn.旅行,路程150.juniora.初级的;年少的151.justicen.正义;公正;司法第405页 152.kilometren.千米（公里）153.kindergartenn.幼儿园154.kind-hearteda.好心的155.kitchenn.厨房156.knowledgen.知识,学问157.laddern.梯子158.lamea.跛的,瘸的,残废的159.lampn.灯,油灯;光源160.languagen.语言161.latesta.最近的,最新的;最晚的162.lattern.（两者之中的）后者163.learneda.有才华的;博学的164.lecturen.讲课,演讲165.licensen.执照,许可证166.litterv.乱丢杂物167.livelya.活泼的;充满生气的168.locala.当地的;地方的169.lovelya.美好的,可爱的170.luggagen.(总称)行李171.magazinen.杂志172.majorityn.大多数173.managern.经理174.marriagen.结婚,婚姻175.materialn.材料,原料176.meanwhilead.同时177.measurev.量n.措施178.medicinen.药179.memoryn.回忆,记忆180.mentionn.提及;记载vt.提到,说起;提名表扬第405页 181.messagen.消息,音信182.methodn.方法,办法183.minorityn.少数;少数民族184.misunderstand(-stood)v.误会;不理解185.modeln模型,原形;范例;模范186.modesta.谦虚的;谦逊的187.neata.整洁的;灵巧的188.necessarya.必需的,必要的189.neighbour(美neighbor)n.邻居,邻人190.nephewn.侄子,外甥191.nervousa.紧张不安的192.networkn.网络,网状系统193.niecen.侄女,甥女194.novembern.11月195.nowadaysad.当今,现在196.Octobern.10月197.officern.军官;公务员,官员;警察,警官198.opinionn.看法,见解199.oppositen.相反,对面a.相反的,对面的200.ordinarya.普通的,平常的219.practise(美practise)v.练习,实践220.preparevt.准备,预备;调制,配制221.presenta.出现的,出席的n.礼物,赠品vt.呈奉,奉送222.presidentn.总统;主席223.pressuren.压迫,压力,压强224.pretendvi.假装,装作225.preventvt.防止,预防226.primaryschool小学227.professorn.教授第405页 228.programme(美program)n.节目;项目229.progressn.进步,上进vi.进展;进行230.promisen.&vi.答应,允诺231.pronunciationn.发音232.propera.恰当的,合适的233.protectvt.保护234.prouda.自豪的;骄傲的235.provevt.证明236.providevt.提供237.provincen.省238.punctuala.准时的239.purposen.目的,意图240.puzzleda.迷惑的,困惑的241.qualityn.质量,性质242.quantityn.量,数243.quieta.安静的;寂静的244.rapida.快的,迅速的245.realise(美realize)vt.认识到,实现246.reasonablea.合乎情理的247.receiptn.收据248.receptionn.接待249.recognise(美recognize)vt.认出250.recommendv.推荐251.recovervi.痊愈;恢复252.reducevt.减少,缩减253.refusaln.拒绝254.registern.登记簿,花名册,注册员v.登记,注册255.relativen.亲属,亲戚256.remindvt.提醒,使记起第405页 257.representvt.代表258.respectvt.&n.尊敬,尊重259.restaurantn.饭馆,饭店260.roundabouta.&n.绕道的,不直接的;转盘路261.rubbishn.垃圾;废物262.safetyn.安全,保险263.salaryn.薪金,薪水264.sayingn.说,俗话,谚语265.scholarshipn.奖学金266.scientifica.科学的267.secretaryn.秘书;书记268.seldomad.很少,不常269.sentencen.句子270.separatev.使分开,使分离a.单独的,分开的271.Septembern.9月272.seriousa.严肃的,严重的;认真的273.severalpron.几个,数个a.若干274.shortcomingn.缺点,短处275.shortlyad.不久276.shouldern.肩膀;（道路的）路肩277.showern.阵雨;淋浴278.sightseeingn.游览,观光279.signaln.信号,暗号280.signaturen.签名281.silenta.无声的,无对话的282.similara.相似的,像283.sincerelyad.真诚地284.skilleda.熟练的;有技能的285.sleepya.想睡的,困倦的,瞌睡的第405页 286.slighta.轻微的,细小的287.smarta.灵巧的,伶俐的;（人、服装等）时髦的,帅的288.sociala.社会的;社交的289.societyn.社会290.speciala.特别的,专门的291.standardn.&a.标准（的）292.steal(stole,stolen)vt.偷,窃取293.straighta.一直的,直的ad.一直地,直地294.strangern.陌生人,外人295.strengthn.力量,力气296.strengthenvt.加强,增强297.succeedvi.成功298.successfula.成功的,有成就的299.suggestionn.建议300.suitablea.合适的,适宜的　　301.supportvt.&n.支持,赞助302.supposevt.猜想,假定,料想303.tearn.眼泪v.扯破,撕开304.technologyn.技术305.teenagern.（13～19岁的）青少年,十几岁的少年306.temperaturen.温度307.tensea.心烦意乱的,紧张的308.terriblea.可怕的;糟糕的309.theatre(美theater)n.剧场,戏院310.thereforead.因此,所以311.Thursdayn.星期四312.tiresomea.令人厌倦的313.trafficlights　n.交通指挥灯,红绿灯314.trainingn.培训第405页 315.transportn.&vt.运输316.troublesomea.令人烦恼的;讨厌的317.trustvt.相信,信任,信赖318.truthn.真理,事实,真相,实际情况319.twelfthnum.第十二320.twentiethnum.第二十321.typistn.打字员322.umbrellan.雨伞323.unemploymentn.失业,失业状态324.unfortunatelyad.不幸地325.uniformn.制服326.universityn.大学327.unlikeprep.不像,和……不同328.unusuala.不平常的,异常的329.upseta.心烦的,苦恼的330.vacationn.假期,休假331.valuablea.值钱的,贵重的332.variousa.各种各样的,不同的333.vegetablen.蔬菜334.victoryn.胜利335.virus.n.病毒336.visitorn.访问者,参观者337.vocabularyn.词汇,词汇表338.volleyballn.排球339.voyagen.航行,旅行340.waistn.腰,腰部,腰围341.waitressn.女服务员342.warm-hearteda.热心的343.Wednesdayn.星期三第405页 344.willinga.乐意的;愿意的345.wisdomn.智慧346.wonderfula.美妙的,精彩的;了不起的;太好了347.worrieda.担心的,烦恼的348.woundeda.受伤的349.youthn.青春;青年350.zebracrossing人行横道线（斑马线）2013高考英语单词联想记忆一adventure;n.&vt.冒险；词中词：venture冒险；投机risk;danger;adventurousadj.喜欢冒险的；充满危险的airplane;n.飞机；联想：aircraft飞行器;飞机;disappoint;v.失望；泄气；词中词appoint指定；委派argue;vi.争论；争吵;近义debatediscuss;brave;adj.勇敢的；近义bold;fearlesscareabout担心；关心carefor喜欢;castvt.&vi.投掷；投射；抛(cast,cast)联想;broadcast广播compass;n.罗盘；指南针;词中词pass通过；经过desertedadj.荒芜的；荒废的；为人所弃的；联想：desert沙漠；dessert甜点；dropsbaline给某人写信（通常指写短信）e-pal；;n.网友；联想：pale苍白的;e-friend；error；n.错误；差错；falseadj.错误的；faultn.错误false;incorrect不正确的feeling；n.触觉；知觉；感觉；情绪；近义emotion;feel；touch;Fond；adj.喜爱的；喜欢的;(be)fondof喜欢；爱好Fry；;vt.&vi.油煎；油炸frying-pan;pot;tryGun；;n.炮；枪;联想:run;fun;Hammer；n.锤子；槌；　词中词ham火腿;联想:gram;grammarHandsome；;adj.英俊的；美观的；近义beautiful;pretty;smarthonest；adj.诚实的；正直的;近义loyal;第405页 反义dishonest;huntvt.&vi.&n.打猎；猎取；搜寻huntfor搜寻；追寻；寻找look/searchforinorderto为了;比较:soasto,lie;n./v.谎话；谎言；形近lie;pie;(lied；lied);lay；lain　躺;loyal;adj.忠诚的；忠心的；联想loyalty;;n.忠诚；loyalist；　忠臣；match;;n.火柴;比赛;形近march前进mirror;;n.镜子;形近：error错误;terror;恐怖；movie;;n.电影；film；move;助记：我I在里边演动感move电影movie；parachute;n.降落伞；ArA对称;联想paragraph;separate;characterrope;n.绳；索；形近;hope;telescope望远镜;saw；;n.锯;seescared；;n.恐惧的；联想：scar;scarf围巾;share；;n./v.分享；共有；分配;共享；份额；词中词hare野兔smart；;adj.聪明的；漂亮的；敏捷的;词中词art;mart=market市场solution；;n.解答；解决办法；解决方案solve;;v.resolutionn.决心;sorrow；n.悲哀；悲痛；联想：row（划船）n.行；排sad;arrow箭speech；vt.&vi.演说；讲话；语音联想：speak；pronunciation;lecturesuchas例如;like;forexample；survive;;vi.&vt幸免于；幸存从……中生还；surprise；surface；vive-万岁（法语）wise;adj.英明的；明智的；聪明的；classical;古典的；联想：class;formal;informal;二agreatmany许许多多；极多(修饰可数名词)；复习：anumberof;manya;pentyof;bathroom;n./v.浴室；盥洗室；厕所bathe；洗澡；bringin；引进；引来;bringtogether　带来；聚集;broad;;adj.宽的；助记：“宽的路”；词中词roadcloset；;n.壁橱；储藏室;词中词;close;set；comeabout；发生;近义happen;occur;takeplace；commander；n.司令官；指挥官词中词command指挥；控制;manCommunicate；vi.交际；沟通；传达第405页 联想：communication；n.交流；通讯；通信comparevt.比较；联想：contrast对比;词中词pare削皮；剥去；prepare；cookbook；n.食谱；联想：notebook;exercisebook;guidebook；指南；endupwith以……告终；复习begin/startwith以……开始equaladj.相等的；胜任的;vt.等于；比得上;联想：equality平等;equation方程式；等式unequal不等的；beequalto；exceptfor；除了……之外;联想：besides；加上;inadditionto;apartfrom；exchange;vt.&n.交换；交流；兑换；词中词change变成;复习：　communicate　communication;expression；n.短语；表情；联想:impression；fall；n秋天；瀑布;联想：rainfall;autumn;call;hall;tallglobal；adj.全球的；球形的;联想：globe；n.球;地球仪government；n.政府；内阁;联想：govern统治;管理;rule;howl；vi.&n.谐音:嚎叫；怒吼；嚎哭independent；adj.独立自主的;联想：depend；international；adj.国际的；世界的；联想：nation;nationallandlady；n.女房东；老板娘land+lady;majority；n.多数；大半;词中词　major主要的makeoneselfathome别客气movement；n.运动；动作；运转;move；native；adj./n本国的;本地的civil国内的;local;当地的;本地人;本国人organization；n.组织；机构；团体;词中词：organize;opposite　在……对面president；n.总统；校长；行长；会长;词中词resident居民；居住者;reside居住residence住宅pronounce；;vt.发音；宣告；断言；复习noun名词;pronunciation;pronoun;publish；v.发表；出版；公布;词中词pub　酒吧（店）；联想：print;comeout;repeat;n.vi重做；重复；复述重复；反复replace；vt.取代；替换；代替;联想：change;taketheplaceof;service;n.服务；服务性工作;联想：serve;conservation保护；维护signal;;n.信号;联想：;design;assign；appoint;sign标志；迹象；签名第405页 situation;n.情形；境遇；（建筑物等的）位置；联想：situatev.位于；处于；坐落southern;n.南方的；南部的northern;south；Spanish;;adj.n西班牙语；西班牙人;西班牙（人、语）的stand;;n.台；看台；摊，摊位;站；容忍；standard;understand;stagestatement;n.陈述；声明；综述;联想：statestayup；不睡；熬夜；situp;stayawayfromtidy；;vt.整理；收拾tide潮汐cleantongue;n.舌头；语言；口语;languagemothertongue；n.母语tonguetwistertotal；;adj../v.总数；合计;总共;altogetheradv.总计；总数intotal；;联想：altogether;addupto;inall;allinall;onthewhole;totally；adv.完全地；整个地tourism；;n.旅游；观光;联想：tour；towel；;n.毛巾;scarf围巾；纸巾hankerchief；手帕trade;adj.贸易；商业;businessWTO.merchant;typhoon；;n.台风;谐音:联想：type类型；种类；打字adventurous；;adj.喜欢冒险的；充满危险的;联想：adventure;三aswellas也；还；而且;以及backpack；;n.背包;词中词：pack包;back;联想backward落后的；向后forward向前;basic;adj./n基本的;基本；要素base基础的basis基础basinboard;vt.上（船、飞机等）onbroad；broad宽的;　aboard在船／飞机上cellophane;n.手机;联想：mobilephone;automobile汽车combine;vt.&vi.(使）联合；（使）结合;联想：connect联合;unit;join;consider;vt.考虑；照顾；认为;词中词：side;contain;vt.包容；容纳;复习：include；tain锡铂;tin锡罐;destination;n.目的地；同义：purpose目标；aim;goaleco-travel;;n.生态旅游;ecology生态学;ecologist生态学家equipment;;n.装备；设备;联想：equipv.词中词：quip双关语;decorate装潢；装饰;excitement;n.刺激；兴奋；激动；第405页 联想：excite使激动；thrill;刺激；experience；vt.&n.体验；经历；经验；experiment；试验；　experiencedadj.getawayfrom逃离；同义:escape;flee（fled;fled）handle;vt./n操作；处理;柄；把手;联想：control;operate;conduct；词中词：hand;means;n.手段；方法复习：way;method;approach;nature;n.自然;自然界;本性；联想：natural;自然的;strait;feature特征;characteristicnormaladj.正常的；正规的；标准的近义formal；反义词：abnormal非正式的；正式的;informal非正式的;normal;n.正规；常态;联想：regular;irregular;abnormalontheotherhand另一方面;比较;ontheonehand;unit;单元;联想：unity　统一；团结;unitepaddle;vi.n.vt.划桨；涉水;　用桨划词中词：pad垫子；填料；联想：　row划船particular;;adj特别的；特殊的；special；especial；反义词：　common；general;poison;n.毒药；毒害;联想：poisonous有毒的；有害的；恶毒的protectsb/sthfrom保护、保卫某人（某事物；）联想：defend;keep;prevent;stop...from阻止;responsiblyadv.负责地；联想：responsible;adj.respond回答；反应seesboff.(到火车站、飞机场等处)为某人送行；联想：bringsb.back;separate;adj.单独的；分开的;词中词rate比率;分开；隔离;Sep.九月（缩写）similarity;.n类似；类似处;联想：similar;相似的；differencesimple;adj.简单的;反义词：difficult;complexsimply;adv.仅仅；只不过；简单地；完全；简直;近义merelyspider;n.蜘蛛;词中词:side;spidermap蜘蛛图;stream;vt.&vi.溪；川；流；词中词:team;换一字cream乳酪scream尖叫；task；;n.任务；作业;联想：duty值日；职责；tip;n.小费；提示；贴士；建议；倒置pit坑；沟通;联想：dip;transportation；;n.运输；运送;联想：transport;;vunpack；;vt.&vi打开（包裹、行李等）；卸货;联想：pack包裹;load装载;unload卸载vacation;n.　近义holiday假日watchout注意；当心;　联想：lookoutadvance；;vt.&vi./n.前进；提前distance；距离;前进；提升；近义march前进；进步；progress;注意：指“进步”时advance是可数名词；progress是不可数名词。第405页 四agent；n.代理（商），经纪人；词中词age年纪；manager;travelagent旅行社代理人；助记：上年纪的经纪人articlen.文章；论文;冠词；近义composition作文；boom；n./v.隆隆声；　联想：bloom开花;room房间;broom扫把;拖把；Buddha；n.佛；佛像；佛陀;；谐音“布带”佛；couch；n.（坐卧两用的）长沙发;联想：ouch哎哟；　sofa;沙发crack；vi.发破裂声；劈啪地响；谐音boom；形近：crash;坠毁；碰撞；track轨迹；踪迹；痕迹deadlinen.截止时间；最终期限；联想：headline头版头条destroy；vt.摧毁；毁坏；近义：damage;hurt;harm;wound；ruin;disaster；n.灾难；灾祸；联想：tragedy悲剧；misfortune不幸;drag;vt.拖；拖曳rag破布；烂衣服；联想：pull拉;fear;vt.&vi./.害怕；畏惧;恐惧联想：tobeafraidof；terror;fright;horror;shock;反义fearless；fightvi.搏斗；斗争；争吵;(fought,fought);加一字：fright恐惧;近义struggle;finally;adv.最后；终于；联想：atlast;intheend;eventuallyflow;vi.&n.流动；倒置：wolf狼;联想low;助记：水向低处流frightn.惊骇；吃惊;减一字fight;复习：frighten;fight;fear;shock;getonone"sfeet；站立起来;struggletoone"sfeet;gothrough；通过；经受；仔细检查联想：lookthroughhost；vt.n主办或主持某活动;主人；联想：cost;lost;ghost;hot;近义master;owner;king;n.国王;联想：queen;emperor;nationaladj.国家的;民族的；词中词　：nation;联想：internationalnaughtyadj.顽皮的;淘气的note；n.笔记；注释；纸币;notebook笔记本式电脑onfire失火;着火;catchfireonholiday在度假;onvacation;opportunityn.机会；时机;可能性;近义chance第405页 peanut；n.花生;　词中词pea豆;　nut坚果;pullsbup把……往上曳;pulldown;pullout;rescue；n.援救；营救;近义：saveassist;help;roar；;v.轰鸣；咆哮；怒号;联想：howl;board；n.木板；甲板;联想：board;scare；vi.恐吓；使人恐惧；令人惊吓;受恐吓;词中词care关心;联想：scared;scar;t/vi助记:死汽车car让我留下伤疤scar;只好用围巾scarf遮挡;Thecarefulmanisscarcelyscaredbythescarceparcel.细心男子勉强被罕见的包裹吓了一下.seize；;v.抓住；逮住；夺取；联想：grasp;catch;size尺寸shake；;vt.&vi.震动；摇动；摇；颤抖;形近联想：quake；cake；brake刹车；snake;蛇；bake烘；烤wake醒来;sake缘故；目的;baker;面包师；silver;n.银；银子；联想：scene场面；布景；stair；n.(阶梯的）一级；楼梯；联想：up/downstairs；adv.上/下楼梯strike；vi./n击打；打动;罢工(struck,struck/stricken)；近义：hit;knock;beatstruggle；;v./n努力；挣扎；奋斗；联想：contest;fight;compete;swallow；;n./v.n燕子;咽；淹没；吞没；词中词：wallow沉迷；溺于；wall墙；allow;takeplace发生;联想：happenoccurtemple；;n.庙；寺；神殿;词中词：temp临时的;形近temper气质；脾气;bad-tempered;脾气坏的；toothbrush；;n.牙刷;联想：brush刷touch；;v.&n.触摸；（使）接触；感动;联系；联想：touch;contact;connect;换一字：torch火炬；tower；;n.塔；城堡；联想：napkin;towel毛巾unforgettable；;adj.难忘的;联想：forgetupon；prep.在……之上；联想：above;over;academy；n.学院;AcA对称；助记;我my的deAcA学院；accept；vt.接受；认可;形近access接近;近义receive五action;n.动作；情节；作用；举动actor；n.男演员；行动者；参以者actress；n.女演员；形近address地址；hostess女主人adult；;n.成人；成年人；联想：teenager青少年award；;n.奖；奖品；联想：toward；reward;第405页 boss；n.老板；上司;助记:读了博士（boss）当老板;联想：cross;loss损失;bringsbback送回某人;联想：seeoff;career；n.事业；生涯；助记:有车car的事业；形近engineer;pioneer;choice；n.选择；抉择；精选品;联想;choose　;v.classical；adj.古典文学的；古典的词中词;classComment；n.&vi.评论；注释；意见;联想：opinion;advice;remark;creature;n.生物；动物；近义：animal;cruelty;;n.残忍；残酷；联想：cruel;kind;degree;n.学位；度数；度；程度;联想：agree同意;grade;academy；n.学院;determinevi.&adj.决定；决心determined;decide;makeupone"smind；director;n.导演；主任；理事；董事direct指导；导演；直接的；方向；联想：direction方向drama；n.戏剧；戏剧艺术;AmA对称；联想：theatre剧院;comedyfollow-upadj.后续的;　联想：grown-up；成年人;adult;gowrong走错路，误入歧途；不对头；出毛病；go作系动词加形容词作表语；联想：gomad发疯；　gobad变坏；happiness；n.幸福；快乐；联想：happy;pleasure;fun;entertain;hero；;n.英雄；男主角；男主人公;助记:英雄男人O背后是她her;icy；adj.寒冷的；冰冷的;联想：iceinall总共；总之;联想：atall;afterall;aboveall;industry；n.工业；行业；产业;词中词dust灰尘；助记：工业里边有灰尘dust；反义：agriculture农业；law；n.法律；法学；规律;　联想lawyer律师;legal合法的leader；n.领导者;联想：lead;live；adv.现场地；直播地；联想：　native本族的；本地的；　lively活泼的live；adj.直播的；活的；生动的;联想：lively；alive;locksb.up将某人锁于某处不得进出；将某人监禁起来反义：setfree;释放；ontheair；正在播出的;联想：ontheradio;broadcast;outer；adj.外部的；外面的;联想：inner内部的owe；vt.&vi.欠（债等）；感激；把…归功于;联想：own拥有；所有；自己的owesthtosb.把……归功于某人;owingto=thanksto因为；由于peace；n.和平；和睦；安宁;反义：　war战争;联想："peace;war;found"大声念以上三个词：屁是我放的primary；adj初等教育的；最早的；首要的　联想：prime主要的；primaryschool；n.小学;middleschool中学第405页 prize;；n.奖赏；奖金；奖品;联想：award;pricerole;n.角色；联想：part角色；部分runafter追赶;beafter；seek;search;scene；n.场面；情景；布景;EnE对称；联想：view;sight场景;scriptn.剧本；手稿；手迹；联想：description描述；描绘；形容;describesilverscreen银幕；电影（业务）speed；n.&v速度;加快；（sped,sped,speeded,speeded)飞跑；联想：seed种子；need；feed；weedstayaway;不在家；外出；联想：athome;stayup;熬夜；stepfathern.继父；联想：stepmother继母studion.摄影棚（场）；演播室；画室；工作室study工作室;radio;收音机takeoff成功；成名；脱掉（衣服）；（飞机）起飞thinkhighlyof对……高度评价advice;n.&v.忠告；建议；联想：advise;vice副的六apologise;vi.<英>=apologize<美>道歉；词中词Polo助记：马可波罗polo马球；水球；dramatic；adj.戏剧的;dramaapology;n.道歉；saysorryto；联想：apologize;v.makeanapologytobehave;vt.&vi.举动；举止；行为表现；举止适当；守规距；有礼貌;联想：behaviour;n.；goodmanners;polite;bone;n.骨；骨头;　onebreast;;n.胸部；胸怀；联想chest　胸部；east;eat;助记：胸怀祖国；面向东方；childhoodn.孩童时期；童年时代;联想;boyhood孩童年时代；neighbourhood街区cloth;n.布；织物；衣料;联想：clothes衣服;clothingcomma;n.逗点；逗号;period句号；dash破折号course;n.一道菜；过程；课程；联想：process;过程；ofcourse；culture;n.文化；文明;联想：agriculture农业custom;n.习惯；风俗;联想：habit（个人）习惯;customs;海关；customer;顾客；damp;adj.潮湿的;联想：dam;lamp;灯；助记：堤坝边缘潮湿wet；dessert;n.甜点；比较：deserteddisabled;adj.伤残的；残疾的;联想：healthy；disabilityextra;adj.额外的；外加的；特大的;联想：extraordinary　非凡的；不平常的fashion；n.流行；时尚；方式;联想：cushion;垫子；pattern;model;type;；followthe第405页 fashion赶时髦fault；n.过错；缺点；故障；联想：false;error;mistake；wrong;;correct;flesh;n.肉；（供食用的）肉；果肉;形近：flash　闪烁；动漫;fresh;forgive;vt.原谅；饶恕(forgave,forgiven)　近义；excuse;pardonformal;adj.正式的；正规的联想：informal非正式的；形近：normal;impolite;adj.无礼的；粗鲁的；联想：rude;polite;goodmannersimpression;n.印象；感想;联想：impress;press;havedeepimpressiononinterrupt;vt.&vi.打断；中断；插嘴;联想：disturb;bother;trouble;introduce;vt.介绍；引进；提出;联想：introduction;produce;reduce;educate;lap;n.(坐时的）大腿前部；膝盖;联想：knee　膝盖;tap;map;cap;rap;leaveout省去；遗漏；不考虑;联想：neglect;omit;regardless;不管；不顾；makejokesaboutsb以某人为笑柄;makefunof;playtrickson;　manner;n.方式；样式；方法;联想：manners;n.礼貌；规矩;goodmanners;politeness；mix;vt.(使）混合；混淆;联想：mixturenapkin;n.餐巾;餐巾纸;联想：　handkerchief　手帕;oops;int.哎哟;　联想：ouch噢;couch沙发;pray;vi.祈祷；恳求；请;联想：ray光线　pay付钱raise;vi.举起；提高；唤起；饲养；加一字：prais赞扬;联想：rise升起roll;vt.面包圈；卷形物滚动；卷；rollup卷起；sip;vt.&vi.抿一小口;联想：dip;skip;跳过；tipspirit；vt.&vi.烈酒（常用复数）；精神；情绪;联想：emotion情绪;wine;beer；比较;softdrinkstare;vi凝视；盯着看;fixone"seyeson;stareat盯着;联想：glare注目；怒视；瞪眼;“Bewarethesoftwareinthewarhouseduringthewarfare,”haresaid;glaringatme.兔子怒视着我说：“战争期间当心仓库里的软件。Idaren"tdeclarethatthesharesaremysparefareandwelfareonthefarewellparty.在告别会上,我不敢宣称这些股票是我的备用车费和福利;starter;n.第一道菜；开端；起动器tender;;adj.嫩的；温柔的；软弱的;联想：softtoast;n.干杯；烤面包（片）；吐司面包;联想：coast;unfold;v.打开；显露；阐明;反义;spread扩展；延伸;extend;fold折叠;disclose;discover;uncover;westerner;n.西方人；联想：western西方的wing;;n.翅；翅膀；机翼；加一字：swing摇摆；旋转联想：　king；ring；shake；quake;ancient;;adj.古代的；古老的;ancestor祖先；祖宗；词中词;第405页 cent分;反义;modern；artist;n.艺术家;形近；smart机灵;聪明；词中词;art;七beauty；n.美；美景；美好的人或事物；联想；beautifulbreath；v.呼吸;v.联想：breathe;earth；brick；;n.砖；砖形物；词中词：rick　草堆；木料;形近：chicktick;打钩；thickbring…backtolife；使苏醒；使生动；使活泼;反义：;cometolife复活；苏醒;bronze；n.青铜;联想:copper铜;iron铁；silver;gold;ironburn；vt.焚烧；烧焦；点（灯）;burndown烧毁；(burnt,burnt;burned,burned)capsule;n.太空舱；胶囊；词中词;cap帽子carbon;n.碳元素；联想：carbondioxide二氧化碳；oxide氧化物cave;;n.洞穴；窑洞;形近brave;wave;save;slave;pave;助记：那个勇敢的奴隶下到铺满波浪的洞穴中去救另一个奴隶。cultural；adj.文化的；联想：culture;adj.damage;;vt.&n.损害；伤害大坝；助记：堤坝dam年久age失修损坏；毁坏destroy.dioxide;;n.二氧化物；ox公牛；助记：公牛前后，DIoxID对称dynasty;n.朝代；王朝；联想：nasty令人作呕的；污秽的;dying临死的dye染……色;fairytalen.神话；童话；谎言;联想：fair;公平的；givein让步；投降；联想：giveupinclude;vt.包括；包含;conclude;except;limitvt./n限制；限定;　联想：limitless无限制的official;n.官员；公务员;adj.官方的；正式的；公务的officer官员;联想：office；clerk;职员；period；n.一段时间；时期；句号；　联想：times；comma逗号；photograph；n.照片；联想：　telegrap；h电报;photo;picturepollution；n.污染；玷污；联想：pollutev.portraitn.肖像；人像;port港口;　trait特色；特征;imageproject;vt.计划；方案；工程；联想：rejectpulldown拆毁；推毁；推翻;　联想：burndown；pullup;pyramid;n.(古代埃及的）金字塔；锥体联想：ram公羊；助记;白羊座amid在中间mid;中部的;rebuildvt.&vi.重建；复原；改造（rebuild,rebuild)联想：restore;reconstruct；recreate;vt.再创造；再创作；重新创造；重新创新relic;;n.遗物；遗迹；纪念物;联想：site;ruinrepresent;n.&vt.代表；表现；联想：symbol;present;standfor第405页 restore;;vt.修复；重建;rebuild重建；复习:store储存；储藏ruin;n.废墟；遗迹；毁灭；崩溃;词中词：run;联想：relic；遗址;site;位置；场所；website；网址；inruins成为废墟；遭到严重破坏；setup设立；创立；联想：found;build；sincerely；;adv.真诚地；词中词：since;rely依靠；statue；n.雕像；statue；state洲；国家；状态；figure；n.人物；图形v.描绘；计算；stone；n.石；石头；宝石；联想：jewel珠宝；宝石；jewellery珠宝unite;v.联合团结；联想：unit单元connect;join;unity团结;theUntiedKingdom;英国；TheUK;比较:TheUSvase；n.花瓶；瓶;联想：base;website;vi.站点；网址；联想：address地址;　site地点；地址;AD(=AnnoDomini);公元;反义：BC公元前；athlete;n.运动员；运动选手；形近complete;playerbadminton.羽毛球（运动）；词中词bad;ton;八BC(=beforeChrist)公元前;比较;ADbecauseof因为；由于;同义thanksto;accountfor；owingto;compete;vi.竟争；词中词：pet比赛；宠物比赛；联想：complete;完成；结束contrast;competition;.竟争者；对手；比赛者;contest;continent;n.大陆；陆地;同义：landmass;dive;vi.潜水;联想：drive开车；驾驶effect;n.结果；后果；联想：result结果;affectv.影响;elect;facial;adj.面部的；联想：face;surface;necklace;final;;adj.最终的；最后的;联想：finally;atlast;intheend;eventually;flag;n.旗；标记；联想：fag疲劳；drag;拖；　banner;旗子；flame;;n.火焰;形近:fame荣誉；名誉；famous;著名的further;;adv.(在时间或空间上）距离更大地，更远地;father;gesture;n.手势；姿态；联想：signal信号；sign;记号；motion移动；pose姿势；gold;adj./n.金的；金制的；黄金；金币;联想：oldjade　玉；翡翠；silver银；golden;diamond；old;told;sold;hold;fold;gymnastics;n.体操;简称;gym;　体育馆；健身房；体育课;PE;　联想：nasty污秽的medal;n.奖章；勋章；纪念章；联想：metal金属;　mental脑力的；智力的motto;n.座右铭；格言；题词;联想：moto;r马达第405页 pointvt.&vi.得分；点；尖端;指；指向position;n.位置；职位;联想：location;preparation;;n.准备；预备；联想：prepare;v.准备；预备;inpreparationfor为……准备;联想：makepreparationsfor;getreadyfor;prepare;联想：compare;repair;professional;adj专业人员；职业运动员联想：athlete;形近：professor;profile;;n.简介；（个性及生平的）简要描述；词中词：file;rank;;n.&vt.&vi.分等级；排名；联想：grade;年级;degree;度数;学位tank;bank银行；河岸thankshooting;;n.射击；联想：fire;gun;bomb;skill;;n.技能；技巧；熟练；巧妙；词中词kill；联想：technology;technique;;skillful;experienced;standfor代表；代替；象征；支持；联想：represent代理；代表superstar;vt.超级明星supergirl超女takepart参加;联想：attend;joinin;tie;vt.固定；捆紧；联想：lie;pie;fasten;title；n.题目；标题；称号；头衔;topic;subject;torch;n.火炬；知识来源；手电；联想：lighttouch触摸；接触trackandfieldn.田径;track;轨迹；踪迹;speedskating;n.速滑;venue;;n.比赛地点；体育比赛场馆；联想：avenue大街;广场;avenue大街stadium体育馆;weigh;vi.重（若干）；n.重力；重量；助记：八个w的重量。联想：eight；称（……重量）;height;高度；weightlifting;n.举重；weight+lifting;well-known;adj.众所周知的；有名的；清楚明白的；联想：famous；wouldrathern.宁愿；宁可；联想：hadbetter;wrestling;;n.摔跤;rest休息;助记：W和L摔交；摔到就休息。absolutely；;adv.绝对的；完全地；联想：completely；according；adv.依照；近义；inone"sopinion;accordingto按照；根据……所说agreement;n.一致；协定;反义：disagreement；九appointment;n.约会；指定；联想：point点；指向；指出；disappoint;automobile；n.汽车mobile流动的；易动的;联想；autobus巴士；autocar;auto自动的；behaviour;;n.(=behavior)行为；举止；习性；助记；I我our我们的举止表现第405页 breakdown;毁掉；坏掉；中止;breakout爆发；broadband;adj.宽带的;broad+band(带;波段)calender；n.日历；历法;lend;助记:借来的日历;词中词endcallfor要求；需要;联想：askfor;require；case；;n.事；病例；案例；情形;联想：base基础；vase花瓶；incase(of)/that；假设；万一;联想：inthecaseof在......情况下clone;vt.&n.无性繁殖；谐音克隆；；clue;n.线索；提示词语;联想：cue暗示;glue;胶水dare;vt.&v.aux.敢；胆敢;联想：care;compare;raredefeat;n.失败；败北；词中词feat功绩；伟绩defeat;vt.击败；战胜；联想：fail失败；联想：win赢；胜；defeat;department;;n.部；局；处；科；部门；系；depart；联想：apartment公寓；套房;depend;vi.依靠；依赖；联想：independent;独立的；rely;dependant;依赖；dial；vt.拨号;联想：diagram表格;dialogue；对话;dialect方言;disagree；;vi.不同意的；不一致;联想：agreement；disagreementelectricity；;n.电；电学；联想：　electric;electronic;emergency；;n.紧急情况；突发事件；非常时刻;联想：passion情感；emerge出现；显露骨feeling；feature；n.特征;特色;同义characteristic；forcen.力量；暴力;联想：source源泉;联想：power;strength;fierce；forcevt.强制；促使；强迫；function；;n.功能；作用;联想：fun;funeral；葬礼；image；;n.图象；肖像；形象;联想：imagine;想象interview；vt.&n.接见；会见;联想：meet;view；review；international；item；;n.项目；条款；（消息、情报等的）一条；latest；;adj.最近的;联想：　recent　最近的;late;later后来，以后;negative；;adj.否定的;负面的;消极的;　联想：positive正面的；积极的obey;vt.服从；顺从;联想：disobey;beyond在远处；在那边　peaceful;adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的;peace；同音;pieceplanet;n.行星;联想：plane飞机;　plan　计划;plant;种植;star；恒星；press;n.压力；印刷；新闻;联想：impress;expression;express；remind；vt.&vi.提醒；使想起;联想：mind;remind…of…;resource；;n.资源；财力;联想：source源泉；来源pond池塘revise；;v.修订；校订；修正;联想：review；复习；第405页 skip；vi.&vt.跳读；略过;联想：scan细看;skim浏览;sip;咂一口；stayintouchwith；与……保持联络;联想：keep/getintouchwithsucceed；;v.成功；取得成功;联想：success;successfultakeover；接受；接管；联想：takeup;从事；teenager；n.（13—19岁的）青少年；inone’steens;/twenties---nineties某人几岁；几十岁；throughout；prep.遍及；贯穿;联想：alloverthe……；across；unexpected；adj想不到的；意外的；未预料到的;联想：expectwhatever；pron./adj凡是……；无论什么;无论怎样的；无论哪一种的wonder;n.奇迹；惊奇;联想：wonderful;wander徘徊;漫游act;vt.&vi.扮演；担当；表演；表现;联想：action;active;activity;actor;actress;adaptvt.使适应；改编;A-A对称;adaptto;适应（新环境等）;形近adopt采纳;add;vt.&vi增加；添加；补充说加；加起来；增添;联想：addition;address十amount；n.数量;词中词;mount山;峰Emei;mountain;Mount峨眉山;联想：质量qualityantelope;n.羚羊;词中词;ant;telescope望远镜asaresultof;作为（……的）结果;联想：resultin;导致;结果是atpresent;现在；目前;联想：sofarattractive;adj.吸引人的；有魅力的;active;drawattentionto;联想：active;battery;n.电池;bath洗澡;联想：butterfly;蝴蝶;bat蝙蝠；球棒；brief;adj.简洁的；扼要的;联想：short;simple;belief相信；信仰；common;adj.共同的；普遍的；同义:general;usual;devote;vt.投入于；献身;联想：deter妨碍；延缓;vote;devote…to献身于……；专心于……vote投票;dieout灭绝；逐渐消失;联想：diedown减弱;dieoff;ecosystem;n.生态系统;system系统endanger;vt.危害；使受到危险;联想：danger;dangerousendangerment;n.危害；受到危险;联想：indanger;environmental;adj.环境的;联想：environment;环境;iron铁;mental精神的；脑力的flatadj.平的；平坦的;词中词;fat;　flat套房;flat；n.〈英〉公寓住宅；单元住宅apartment；apart；分开；分隔；fur；n.毛皮；毛；软毛;联想：leather羽毛；feather；giraffe；n.长颈鹿　;deer第405页 graph；n.图表；曲线图;联想：diagram;picture;drawing;paiting;telegraph;portrait;肖像；肖像画；相片。habitat；n.生活环境；栖息地;联想：habit;harmful；adj.有害的；伤害的;联想：harm;indanger在危险中；垂危;endanger;inthewild在自然环境中;在野外;联想：intheopenair;jungle；n.热带丛林;联想：forest;bush灌木丛kangaroo；n.袋鼠；词中词;mouse;mice;rat；leadvt./vi.领导；率领；致使;通向；导致联想：leadadj.领头的；领先的；leadingleadto导致某种结果;resultinmakeadifference有关系；有影响；有差别；成功；material；n.材料；原料；　联想：mate同伴；室友measure；n./v尺寸；措施;takemeasure;词中词;treasure；财宝；采取措施;takeastep；organise；；vt.&vi.组织；组织起来；　联想：organize；organisev.original；adj.最初的；原始的；独特的；singal　信号；　originn.起源；由来package；n.包裹；包;　联想：backpack背包packn.包；行李　page页码;wrap包裹；packagevt.包装;pack+age;luggage;packagingn.包装材料；poster；n.海报；招贴;联想：post邮寄;reduce；v.减少；缩减；简化;联想：increase；增加;produce生产respond；v.回答；响应；联想：answer;reply;responsible;responsibility；respondto;setfree释放;联想：inprison坐牢soda；n.苏打；谐音：碳酸水species；n.种类;联想：special;kind;type;sort;throwawayadj.扔掉；topic;n.话题；主题；联想：title；subject；词中词：top；tour;n.旅行；游历；旅游;联想：trip；journey；voyage;valuable;adj.贵重的；有价值的联想：value;perciouswolf;n.狼;　联想：倒置flow流动／淌Asia亚洲;A-A对称bluesn.布鲁斯音乐；布鲁斯歌曲;联想blue蓝色;clue;线索;glue胶水chant；n.唱或喊叫的词语；联想：ant蚂蚁;merchant;商人;can;hat;characteristc；n.特征；特点；联想：feather特征;ArA对称desiren.愿望；心愿；要求；联想：;联想：will愿望;admireUnit11第405页 emotion；n.情感；感情；情绪;联想：motion动作;entertainvt.&vi.使欢乐；招待；款待;enter进入；联想：entertainment;funexpress;vt.表达；表示；联想：　press压；挤;expression;folkadj./n民间的;人们；亲属（复数）联想：relatives亲属local当地的guitar;n.吉他；六弦琴tar　焦油incommon共同（的）；共有（的）inner;adj.内部的；内心的；里面的;联想：outer;upper;instrument；n.工具；器械;联想：toolintelligence；n.智力；聪明；智能;联想：intelligent;adj.IQ;智商；jazzn.爵士音乐联想：musical；adj.音乐的;music；musician；n.音乐家;physican医生；医师；perform；v.表演；履行；执行；联想：form　表格；形成；performer；n.表演者;联想：performance；n.表演process；；n.制作；加工；处理;联想：success;access;rap；；n.说唱；联想：rapid快的；迅速的;trap陷井；rappervt.说唱艺人；进行说唱表演的人tap;轻拍；map;cap;rap；record；n.记录；录音；vt.纪录；唱片;联想：accordingto根据；按照;create;v.创造;联想：tape;type;recorder;录音机；磁带;rhythm；n.节奏；韵律；联想：rime押韵；satisfy；vt.&vi.满足；使满意;联想：satisfaction;satisfied;satisfying;slave；n.奴隶；联想：brave;slavespread；v.传播;伸展；展开(spread;spread)；联想：motion运动;提议；unfold展开；extend；suggestion；n.提议；意见；联想：suggest;gesture手势traditional；n.传统的；联想：tradition;n.custom（社会）习俗；trade；turn…into把…变成;联想：changeinto；universal；；adj通用的；普遍的；世界的；全体的;联想：universe宇宙；university大学；variety；n.多样性；种类；变化；联想：vary改变;　various各种各样的;形近：crueltyversus；prep.与……相对;简写Vs.announcement；n.&n.&vi.宣告；公告；告示;词中词noun;announce;cement水泥；混凝土；believein信任；信仰；支持；赞成联想：trust;faith;belief第405页 character;n.品格；特性；人物;词中词：act扮演;comedy;n.喜剧；喜剧性的事情;联想：tragedy;悲剧;exhibition;n.展览会；展览品;联想：exhibitv.展示;onshowUnit12forehead;n.前额；（任何事物的）前部;联想：foreign外国的;forearm前臂;联想：forecast预言；预测;　forefather祖先;forfinger食指;habit；n.习惯；习性;　联想：custom（社会）习俗；(复数）海关；关税;habitat栖息地;introuble；处于困境中；indanger;literature；n.文学（作品）；文艺；联想：culture文化;local；adj.当地的；地方的；乡土的;联想：folk；magic；n.魔法；魔术；魔力；adj.用魔法或魔术的;联想：　wich女巫wichcraft；　巫术；联想：logic逻辑；miserable；adj.痛苦的；悲惨的；可怜的；联想：pity;sympathy；power;n.能力；力量；权力；联想：forceromanticadj浪漫的；传奇式的;modernscar；vt.伤痕；疤痕；联想：scared;恐怖的；series；n.连续；系列；联想：serious严肃的；serial连载的；定期的;aseriesof一连串的；一系列；一套；联想：apairof;serious;严肃的；严重的；shoulder；；vt.肩；肩部；n.肩负；承当；联想：should；explode爆炸；chest胸；breast胸膛；soot煤烟;油烟；联想：burden负担;load;explod；爆炸；stupid；adj.愚蠢的;联想：foolish;clever;wise;brighttreat；v.对待；视为；治疗；款待;联想：cure;regard/consider/lookon…astrick；n.诡计；恶作剧;fun;joketurnaround；转过身；转过来；turnover；unhappy；vi.不幸的；不快乐的;联想：happy;sad;villager；n.村民;联想：village村庄；whisper；vi./n耳语；私语;联想：　his;助记:拍per他的W;witchcraft；n.魔法；巫术;　witch;助记:女巫施魔witch转换开关switch；aircraft；飞行器；飞机；wizard；n.神汉；术士；奇才minority；n.少数;联想：majoritypress；v.按；压；逼迫;　联想：express表示；表达;impress;address地址；process；n.过程；程序；方法;联想：access；v.接近；迈进;award;course过程programme第405页 ；程序;approach；professional；；n.专业的；职业的；联想：profession职业;professor教授;raft；n.&vt.木筏;乘筏；联想：rat老鼠；加一字：craft飞机；aircraft；飞行器；飞机；谐音归纳：typhoon台风soda苏打（水）tower塔stone石头tour旅途；旅游match"默契"比赛loyal“老爷”忠诚microphone麦克风sofa沙发howl嚎叫;ouch噢；oop哦magicn.魔法；魔术；魔力guitar吉他；stone；石头；blues;布鲁斯舞蹈、音乐；guitar；吉他；modern；摩登；高一册下单词分类速记Unit13（记忆方法归纳）一、词中词或复合词fibre；n.纤维；fire头；[助记]：纤维fibre去掉b就变成火；火中加上b就烧成“纤维”diet；n.饮食；[助记]病从口入，人是吃饮食而“死”的diemineral；n.矿物、矿石[助记]：mine(我的)矿中有矿石ralfever[助记]：人人都曾经ever发过烧；function；n.“功能”中有快乐fun[助记]：吃了这种-ction保健品有“快乐”fun的功能function.;funeral葬礼第405页 nutrition坚果[助记]nut富有营养nutrition;nutrious富有营养的；digest；vt.消化；dig+est；stomach胃助记：胃就像“挖地”dig一样蠕动，消化食物。steam；n.蒸气，蒸；联想馒头;steambread成组/队team地蒸steam。--eam;stream;scream;dream;team;(小溪、尖叫、梦想、队、组)；boil；；.助记加上油oil就能煮沸boilpeach；n.助记每一个each“P”形桃子peach.chemical;adj.化学的；复习chemist;chemistry;chemics;sleepy;瞌睡的；想睡的；复习beauty;tasty;diary;plenty;energy;mushroom;蘑菇；mush软块；〔美国〕玉米面粥+room；boil;oil;油mixture;mix;混合spoonful;spoon;调羹；汤匙；lettuce;【植物；植物学】莴苣。二、谐音peel剥“皮”“peel”；soft:索芙特；不含酒精的；软（饮料）；saladn.色拉；bacon助记：培根爱吃咸肉bacon；barn.棒，吧，酒吧；fue；谐音废“油”燃料三、组块或换字记忆-ace复习pacen.步调；race比赛/种族；necklace项链；face脸/面对；surface表面；助记项链种族面对面地赛跑步幅。-eanbean豆；pea大豆；beancurd豆腐；mean意思是，意味着；吝啬的;lean倾斜；clean,ocean,pean;感恩歌，赞美歌；-aingain获得；增加；brainn.头脑，大脑；main主要的；pain收获；entaintain娱乐；rain;助记：Nopainsnogains.不劳无获。Srainbrainonthetrainisrestrained.在列车上过度用脑受到约束.Thegainedgraindrainedawaywiththerain,allthepainswereinvainagain.收获的谷物随雨水流失了,所有辛劳又白费。-ineexamine；mine；line；nine；fine；shine；wine；考试；检查/我的；矿/线；台词/九/好；美的/闪耀；闪烁/葡萄酒;助记：经检查；我的葡萄酒闪闪发光；发出九条美好的光线；-iceice;slice；mice；rice；dice冰/片/老鼠/大米/色子；丁；-ipewipe;ripe;擦、消灭；成熟；第405页 -itfit;bit;unit;适合；一点儿；单元；-ack;snack;back;pack;lack;小吃；后面；背包；缺乏；-ance;balance;distance;instance;entrance;平衡；距离；例子；入口；Unit14themen.主题；the.me助记：那个the关于我me的主题theme，他们them的主题theme；复习：thesis论文，论题；topic话题；holy,神圣的；助记hol(e)y,空孔中没有神圣holy神圣的；hole;洞；空;symbol象征；前缀sym-，在b；p；.m前写作sym-谐音：“辛贝尔”simble，simple助记Abu阿布辛波神庙；阿布.辛贝尔神庙是古埃及文明的象征复习：system系统；同义：sign,mark,represent；symbolizev.作为…的象征；sympathyn.同情心；symphony交响；乐/曲；syntax句法；拓展synthesizev.综合synthesisn.比较analysis,分析；basis基础；conflictn.斗争，战斗，冲突con-正面/方；with和……在一起；prosandcons正方反方concern与…有关，影响，涉及，关联相关词concludev.作结论；推论；conclusionn.结论；conditionn.条件，状况，环境；confidencen.信赖，信任，信心；conferencen.会议condensev.浓缩，凝结；condenser冷凝器，电容；conflict助记　fl(y)ict在正反面/方之中飞来fly冲突近义词：struggle,fighting,strugglequarrel.flict;flick短暂，突然的动作；arguev.争论；辩论拓展argumentn.助记：谐音：阿桂（阿Q）爱辩论同义：debate,discuss　辩论；讨论opinion；op.in.i.on；看法、观点助记opinion就在我I里in，在我I上on.；复习：idea,view,thought观点／看法／想法；inone’sopinion=accordingto根据…的观点，看法majoradj.重大，主要的；[助记]“媒届”是“主要”major的拓展：media媒体；复习：majority大多数；第405页 probableadj.客观上的可能性用；probablyadv.pro.baby助记减去“l”可能赞成pro婴儿baby；复习：maybe;possible;perhaps;probably;同义：probably是有几分根据的猜测，比possible可能性大。有充分根据的预测用likely;既指人又指物。belikelytoperhaps和possibly同义，也许如此，也许不如此。honour=honorh.on.ourn.&v.荣誉；恩惠；帮助；拓展:honest诚实;尊敬，尊重；honey蜂蜜;词中词;honorable可敬的；hone磨刀石;助记：h.on.our词中词on,our,hour　H在我们之上值得尊敬一小时hour；-our-orcolour,favour,neighbour,pour,tour,flour,courage,journey颜色／恩惠/邻居/泼/旅途/面粉/勇气/旅行；an.cest.orn.祖先，祖宗an.ces.tressn.女祖先（宗）;复习：ancientadj.古代的；远古的;助记：一个an,c-（b）est最早的人or;-estforest,interest,chest,rest,test,west森林/兴趣/胸/休息/测试/西方principleprin.ci.plen.原理，原则prince君主，王子，太子princess公主；王妃;形近词print印刷；publish出版近义theory；rule；lawpurposepur向前；pose放;purp.osen.目标，目的;pose姿势;purp.le紫色purse钱夹;pure;purchase买卖;助记：模特摆好姿势pose展示紫色;purple的钱夹purse,目的purpose纯粹pure是为了买卖purchase玫瑰rose和钱夹purse.-oseroseloseclosesupposenosethosewhoseoppose玫瑰／丢失／关闭；结束／猜测／鼻子／那些／谁／反对;compose组成composition作文，构成；creativityn.创造性（力）；cre.ati.vi.ty相关词createv.创造；creativeadj.有创造性的；creaturev.生物，creationn.创造、创作；creatorn.创造者，创作者；复习：activity活动；act；比较：cream奶油;cream乳脂；faithn.信念，信仰，忠实,同义：belief比较发音相近：face;近义词：belief,trust,honest,faithful,loyal信仰／相信；信任／诚实／忠诚的；havefaith/beliefin=believein=trust第405页 commercial　　adj.commerce商业；贸易E-commence电子商务；形近词：common普通，共同的；comment评论、意见；communicate交流，交际；command命令，指示；comma逗号；mercy怜悯；同情；仁慈近义词：sympathy；pity；joy；n.欢乐；喜悦；乐趣；-oytoy玩具boy男孩employ雇用；destroyvt.破坏；损坏；enjoy;欣赏；voyagen.航海；航行；soy酱油；助记：男孩雇佣酱油作玩具；破坏了欣赏航行；similar；adj.相似的；形近词：simile直喻；明喻（修辞手法）近义词：same，equal;similarity；n.相似性；popularity;besimilarto与……相似beequalto—ar词尾/组块particular特别的;同义special；especialgrammar；n语法；ram.mar对称collar；n衣领；形近词polaradj极点的；generationn一代(人)词中词：general；adj一般的普通的；n.将军；genen.基因；遗传因子；energyn.能量、精力；活力；intelligence;n.智力;同义genius;n天才；天赋；天资gentleadj.温柔的；文雅的;gentleman绅士；salutenv致意；行礼；敬礼词中词：salt盐-utcutbutnutshuthut小屋put复习：futurecomputerbutter黄油;button按纽;duty职责；责任pollutev.pollution污染;butcher.;n屠夫　谐音不“切”她herkiss;vt.吻-iss组块miss;n.小姐；vt.想念；错过；遗漏；misskiss；dismissv.解雇；解散；使离开;fire;v.解雇；反义employ雇佣;cheek;n.面颊；脸蛋复习：seekv寻找、寻求；check/cheque支票；-eekGreek希腊；creek小溪；week星期　week　虚弱　seek寻找；nodv.点头；形近词god神；上帝;dog狗，rod秆；棒；复习：gesture手势；体态，语言同义bodylanguage;celebrationn.庆祝;联想congratulation;celebratev.祝贺;congratulatev.祝贺;第405页 -ele-elect选举；select挑选；elephant大象;electricityn电；eletric；adj电的;electronicadj.电子的;electrifyv通电，触电，充电;bratn小儿；乳臭未干的小子;复习：bat;rat;-ectselect;elect;project;reject;expect选择／挑选／选举／工程／拒绝／期待；respectvt.尊敬；尊重；相关词:admire钦佩；羡慕;envyv妒忌，嫉妒;honour尊敬;appreciate欣赏;regard；敬意；问候giftn礼物；天赋；换一字：liftv举起；n电梯；-iftdrift；漂浮；shift替换；复习：present礼物是提前pre-送的;相关词talent天赋；天才；才干；power力量，权利；ability能力；cyclen.周期；循环轮子，自行车；摩托车；v骑车;形近词circle圆；圈子；圆圈;bicycle自行车；recycle循环；回收利用；surround包围，环绕；-oolfooln.愚人；白痴vt.欺骗；愚弄形近cool凉；酷stool凳子pool水池tool工具wool羊毛invitationn.邀请；请贴复习invitev.邀请；request请求；要求复习require-itebite咬;excite;v.激动;recite;v.背诵;cite=quote引用，引言;Unit15dormitoryn宿舍;dor.mi.tory寄宿舍;简写：dorm=bedroom卧室;recognize;recognisevt.识别；认出toknowagain；recognitionn..认识;眼熟；注意;察觉;realize认识；意识;复习：recognizedadj.apologize道歉;被公认的;-izepopularize大众化；modernize现代化surely想必；确实；一定;certainly;ofcourse;besupposedto一定必须diamondn钻石;dia.m.ond形近dial拨电话、表盘；刻度盘diagram曲线图；图表dialogue对话-ondfondadj.喜欢;爱好;pond池塘；wonder;奇迹；wonderful;奇异的；复习：gold金子；黄金silver白银；jewel珠宝jewllery珠宝（总称）;巧记：Themanbeyondthepondisfondofthesecondwonderfuldiamond.池塘边的人喜欢第二颗奇异的钻石。dialect方言；土语；accent;口音；dial拨（电话）；diamondwedding钻石婚（六十年纪念）第405页 diameter;n直径；复习：：半径radius；meter;米；explain;vt..解释；说明；ex-向外plainadj.明白的；清楚的；朴素的；平淡的n平原；平地;复习：-ainrainbraintrainmainChaingrainpaincontainSpain西班牙againagainstremain继续bargainn买卖；交易助记大脑下雨;火车上训练;谷物前长g；主要痛苦;包括西班牙锁链；继续买卖;再一次反对；解释平原;balln.求；舞令-allcallfallhallsmalltallwall;shall；swallowallowvalleyvolleyball叫；打电话／落下／大厅／小／高／墙／允许／将／山谷／排球/燕子；吞；助记燕子打电话；挑战打排球；将在高墙下；落在大厅里；允许吞山谷；challenge挑战callon访问；另召jewelleryn珠宝；首饰（总称）；jewel珠宝；宝石;jew犹太人well；助记：犹太人的珠宝好well卖;francFrance法国French法语，法国的;continuev继续con.tin.ue-ueblue;true；clue;glue蓝色/真正的/线索/胶水duead.预期的；应得到的；dialogue对话；tongue舌头；语言language；lovelyadj.–ly形容词后缀friendly友好的；daily每日的；monthly每月的；weekly每周的；likely很可能的adv大概，或许preciousadj.宝贵的；valuable有价值的；appreciate欣赏；感激；ocean海洋；-ousdangerouscurious好奇的;poisonous有毒的;serious严重的；严肃的;第405页 adventurous冒险的；大胆的;-pospositive肯定的；积极的;复习：active积极的negative否定的;position;n.位置，姿势;职位；appositive;n同位语（语法术语）；opposite对立的；相反的；形近词;expose暴露的suppose猜测；假定；possess占有；拥有own；composition作文；attend;vt.出席；参加上学;at.tend词中词；tend倾向；易于；照顾；照看；end;tender柔软的；嫩的；脆弱的;复习:gentle温柔的;soft软的;mild;温和的；形近attitude；n.态度;attack;attract进攻；吸引;earnvt.挣钱；赚钱;形近加一字learn学习;助记：学好了才可以赚钱；巧记：Ihearedthatlearnedlearnersearnedmuchbylearning.我听说有学问的学者靠知识赚钱。-ear-year；bear;dear;hear;fear;tear;pear；wear年／熊；忍受；出生／亲爱的；贵的／听见／害怕／眼泪／梨／穿;巧记：Inearlyfeartotearthattearfulgirl’fearfulpaper;我几乎害怕撕碎那个泪流满面女孩的可怕试卷。lecturen演讲；演说；讲课;复习：speech-(t)urepicture图片temperature温度future将来;sillyadj.傻的；缺乏常识的助记：因生病ill而变傻了;复习：stupid愚蠢的fool;反义：clever;bright;wise聪明：明智mosquito;n.蚊子;形近quite;adv.很；非常;助记：莫斯科谐音mosco蚊子多flies苍蝇;batn.蝙蝠；球拍;-atpat拍；轻拍rat老鼠;cat猫；fat脂肪hat帽子;chat聊天；flat套房;sat(sit)的过去式;authorn作者；作家;近义词writer-or指人editor编辑；visitor游客professor教授conductor列车员；（音乐）指挥;；operator操作员；接线员;besides除外；此外;adv.&prep.beside在…什么旁边(be+side)复习：except:but;outlinen轮廓；要点；摘要;复习：headline头版online在线；上网summary总结；摘要;plotn.（小说）情节；结构第405页 相关词lot许多；pot锅；potential潜力；这个情节是：十多口锅；许多帐篷；很有潜力；quality；n.品质；质量；性质；相关词quantityn.数量；number;character性格；品格；近义词：nature本性;本质;词中词atcat;rat;chat;act;ear;art;car;care;cheat;hareare猫、老鼠、聊天、耳朵、艺术、小汽车、关心、欺骗、野兔、是；Unite16experimentn.实验；试验experi.encen.经验；经历；experiencedadj.有经验的；熟练的；expertn.专家；内行specialist；形近：expectv期望；希望；近义词：test；关词：lab；laboratory试验室；gloven手套词中词love助记手套glove是送给爱人的love-ovedrove(drive的过去式)move移动；运动removev移动；搬开；消除prove证明improve改进；改善wove(weave)的过去式编织、；纺织;stove;火炉；比较wave波浪；挥手；招呼；gasn气体；汽油＝gasoline；petrol;汽油；feul;燃料；steamn蒸气；水蒸气相关词liquidn液体solid；n固体；助记物质的三种状态Threestatesofmaterial（liquid-solid-gas）advantage;n.优点;有利条件;disadvantagen.不利之处;缺点;shortcoming;strongpoint;复习：advancen.&v.前进;进步adv+ant+age:adv.副词ant蚂蚁age-agepage页码;cage鸟笼;stage舞;台manage设法;管理;manager;经理；courage勇气;message信息;wage工资;garage车库passagen.走道；通道;villager;村民;；巧记：走道里有鸟笼、舞台、车库、书页；就看经理是否有管理这些乱糟糟的村民的信息的勇气和工资；applicationn.应用；实施；用途applyv.应用；申请;请求；supply;复习：appear出现;appearancenapplaud鼓掌；欢呼；applause;appreciatev欣赏；感激;enginen发动机；引擎;engine+er---engineern工程师;pioneer第405页 ;先驱；先锋；-englength长度；strengthn力气；强度；实力；English；Englandpassengern.乘客；compass圆规；罗盘；指南针-inecombine结合；define下定义；解释headline头条新闻；outline大纲；轮廓；提纲；mine矿山；examine考试；检查；vitamine维他命；维生素；determine决定；shine发光；闪烁；ine葡萄酒;巧记：结合头条新闻的提纲；给矿山和维生素下个定义；认定葡萄酒闪闪发光；nuclearadj.原子能；核子的nu+clear；词中词：clear清楚；清晰；巧记Iclearlyheardtheheartbeatofthenuclear;我清楚地听到原子的心跳。comfortv.安慰；舒适；com+for+t；fort炮台；要塞comfortableadj.f较：forth向外；向前；ffortnight两星期；十四日；un+necessary不必要的；successfulsuccess+full对称加重点注音法:necessarysu.ccess/e//i//ks//z/access接近；通道;excess超过;process过程；处理;assess估价；评价-essprogress进步express表达impress印象prossess过程dress衣裙address地址actress女演员；princess公主；press按；压；印刷；success成功；巧记：女演员按压衣裙；表达成功的进程和过程；给公主印象深刻；决定留下地址；conductv.实施；管理n行为操作相关词conductor指挥；列车员product产品introducevproduction生产introduction介绍;producev生产productive　产出的；有作为的;lightingn闪电联想:暴风stormthunderstorm雷雨；暴风雨;暴雨;light光；点亮燃;第405页 -ightbright明亮的；聪明的fight斗争战斗；night夜晚；sight情景；视力；right右边；flightn飞行；航班tightadj.紧的；牢固的；slight；轻微轻的；近义词stable;steady;firm；巧记：明亮灯光下战斗的夜景；航班在右边紧紧地轻轻地飞行；stringn线；绳索；弦词中词：ringv打电话；打铃；singv唱歌;single单个；仅仅；助记仅仅只唱sing了le一首歌近义词：rope绳：thread；细丝line；线条；绳索；线索；wire电线；cluen线索；plot情节；chargevt.充电；要价；控告；n主管；看管；近义词accuse控告；incharge(of)负责；inthechargeof由……负责；incharge;takecharge负责；bechargedwith充满的；befullof；befilledwith；复习：largeadj.大的；巨大的；huge;tiny；electricadj.电的；导电的；电动的;相关词：electv选举;electricityn电electronicadj.电子的;电子学的;复习：wire电线；shockn电击；打击；震动;shockedadj.受打击的；惊喜的-ocksock短袜；cock公鸡;knock敲;lock锁;rock岩石;block大块；封锁街区阻塞;串记：穿短袜的公鸡被大块岩石锁住pocket口袋;衣袋;provev证明;联想proofn证据；证明;roof房顶;-ovegloven手套;move移动;remove拿走；移开;improve改善；改进;tear(tore,torn)v撕扯；撕裂;n眼泪-earwear穿;bear熊；受;dear;hear;swear;串记：Shesweardtoherdearthatshecan"tbearwearingtears.framen结构；框架；fame；n名誉；联想famousadj.著名的_amename；same；game；shame耻辱；羞耻；blamev责备；ham火腿；handkerchiefn.手帕第405页 词中词：hand；chief；主要的；复数：handkerchiefs；复习：chief酋长roof屋顶poof证据gulf海湾scarf围巾；controlv.控制；trollv.轮唱形近词：trolleybusn.无轨电车limit限制：相关command控制；指挥;conduct;handlesharpadj.锐利的；灵敏的助记：“夏普”（谐音）电器；灵敏高度近义bright；clever；intelligentSmart；foot英尺feet相关脚foot长一英尺foot英寸inch英里miles1metre=39.37inches=1.094yard码1kilomre=0.62137miles；fast.enbelt扎牢；固定；拴紧词中词;fast;近义：tightadj.紧的；牢固的tightenv.拴紧；捆牢;tiev.捆；绑；拴;反义：loosen放松；松开;unfasten放松；解开;uncover;揭开同义：discover;unfold;sensen（对称sese）n感官；感觉‘n’鼻子边五官感官对称;n(象形);testn&v测验；测试;复习：exam；examine;experiment实验;check检查contest竞赛;test;shampoo；香波（谐音）洗发精形近词：shame；羞耻耻怒；ham火腿；助记：火腿可耻;skinn.皮肤果皮;peel剥皮;kin亲戚家簇;=relative；sin罪;罪过;过失;false；error错误activistn.激进分子;行动主义分子;形近词：activeadj.积极的;actn.活动;行动;充当;doubtn.怀疑;疑惑相关wonderb不发音；复习questionproblem;climb;thumb;大拇指;dumb聋的;crueladj.残忍的；残酷的;联想cruellyadv；crueltyn残忍；冷酷;反义：kind;viewn观点；风景;复习：opinion观点；看法;风景：sight;scene场景;scenery风景;attituden态度;形近词：interviewv采访;reviewv复习：previewv预习;conclusionn结论复习：concludev推理；推断;复习：result;结果effect;影响；结果;第405页 beginning;开始；开端;同义：start;outset；Unit17inspirev鼓舞；鼓励；感动；激发；≈encourage；形近admirev钦佩赞赏；复习：respect尊敬；envy妒忌；羡慕；同义jealous；-irefire；tire使疲倦；累；厌倦retire退休；wiren.线；复习：hire雇佣=employrequire需要；需求；entire完全的；desire愿望；欲望；generousadj.慷慨；大方的；反义：mean吝啬的；卑鄙的；助记：gene基因；ene对称；general一般的；普通的；将军；Thegenerousgeneral"sgenuinegeniusisinmakinggenerators.那位慷慨将军的真正天才在于制造发电机.-ous形后缀dangerous危险的；poisonous有毒；serious严肃的；严重的；nutritious有营养的；curious好奇的precious宝贵的；珍贵的；adventurous冒险的；cheerfuladj.愉快的；高兴的；复习cheern&v.快乐；欢呼；-eerengineer工程师；pioneern.先驱；先锋；beer啤酒deer鹿；championn.冠军；得胜者形近比较：champagne；香槟酒；shampoo香洗；洗发精；词中词:hamn火腿；championship冠军头衔；pioneern先锋；mile英里;复习英尺；foot(feet)英寸；inch；形近smile微笑；字迷世界上最长的英语单词：smiles迷底：两个s之间有一英里；stormystorm+y;adj.暴风鱼的；狂风暴的;stormn.风暴；暴雨;复习：thunder;n.雷（鸣）；雷声;;v.打雷;.thunderstorm;n雷声；lighting;n 闪电；n+yadj.复习rainy多雨的;cloudy多久的;sunnyadj.阳光的；阳光灿烂;funnyadj.滑稽;可笑的;injuryadj.受伤的；伤害的;threaten;vt.恐吓；威胁;词中词eat;eaten;three;ate;tea;neat;ten;hen;hat;rat;heat;that;theatre;thread线;bottom;n底部；尽头;;otto对称;反义：top；botany;n.植物学;生态学;词中词any;第405页 optimisticadj.乐观的;词中词mistn.雾;fog;mistyadj.雾的;mistilyadv.模糊地;pessimisticadj.悲观的；悲观主义的;反义optimistic乐观的;workday工作日；工作时间;复习：weekday(一周)工作日;somehowadv从某种方式;形近anyhowadv.无论如何；不管怎样以往何方法;sheltern.掩敝处；避难所;词中词：she助记;她躲在掩蔽处;shell贝壳;shellfish贝壳类；甲壳水生动物;绕口令:shesellsseashellontheseashore.她在海岸边卖海贝;regret遗憾；痛恨；后悔nvt.g鸡前后是re谐音阿姨;g前后的re对称;extremeadj.极端；极度;复习extremelyadv.形近theme主题；话题;ex-向外助记tree树向外边极端地长;词中词：tree；me;climaten.气候;cli-mate;mate同伴；伙伴；朋友;形近classmate同学workmate工友；同事;material材料；原料;climb爬;形近clinic;n.诊所门诊室所;value;n.价值;;v重视；评价;valuableadj.precious;adj.宝贵的；珍贵的;pianistn钢琴家;iani对称;piano钢琴;提琴;bohervt.打扰；烦恼;加一字–r-形近brother兄弟;同义：disturb；打扰；trouble；interrupt;;助记弟兄多了就会打扰;fame;n名誉；名声;形近adj.famous;well-known;-amegameflame火焰;blame责备;sameshamen耻辱frame相框;同样的比赛中感到耻辱；火焰责备相框；promise;n&v前途；承诺；答应；复习promisingadj.seemingtosucceed；havegoodresult；misery;n悲惨；miserableadj.可怜的；悲惨的；pro；支持；赞成；正方（辩论）upporting；反义：反方：cons；复习：probably可能problem问题；produce生产；profession职业；program节目；程序；project计划；项目；设计reject拒绝；pronounce发音；pronunciation；-isesurprise;vt.惊奇；吃惊；risevi.上升；advise;;vt.劝告；建议;wiseadj.明智的；有智慧的;otherwiseadv在其它方面；否则;exercise练习；锻炼;revise校订；修改；复习;previse=predicate预言；预测;kindergartenadj.n幼儿园；启蒙的;词中词gardenn.花园助记：在比较好的善良的花园（garden）里的幼儿园;hardshipn困难；艰难；贫困;difficulty;pain;suffering;-ship抽象各词后缀;friendship友谊;scholarship奖学金;relationship;n关系;第405页 bear(boreborne);v忍受；承受同形同音异义词⇒bear熊;出生；生产(boreborn).令人厌烦的,boring;graduationn毕业;复习graduatev毕业;=finishschooling;;-atestate状态;国家;rate比率;hatev.讨厌；恨;gate大门;climate气候；天气;mate同伴；伙伴;congratulate祝贺;形近celebrate庆祝graduatev分等级；定级；n毕业生（大学）graden年级;等级;highschoolgraduate；graduallyadv.逐渐地"Unit18fishermann渔民；渔夫;gofishing钓鱼；捕鱼;-ishwishEnglishfoolish愚蠢的selfish自私的;助记愚蠢自私的渔夫希望把英语学好。northeastern东北的;-ernnorthern;southern;western;eastern;northeastern;northwestern;outheaster;southwester;great–grandfather外曾祖父great–grandmother外曾祖母;centraladj.中心的；中央的;形近centern中心;cent分;percent百分之一；百分率;-entrecent最近的;comment评论;accent口音;current流行的;当前的;accident事故;ncident事件;absent缺习的present现在的；目前的呈现；引见prevent阻止；预防content内容；甘愿;coastn海岸的；减一字coat大衣；外衣形近boast夸口；夸耀;toast敬酒；祝酒；烤面包;复习cheersur.round包围；围绕形近round圆（形）的；同义circle围绕；盘旋;cycle循环-oundfound创立；缔造;sound声音；听起来;pound磅;wound伤口；外伤;ground地面;串记：创立found了一磅的pound伤口;听起来sound围绕着surround地面;Thewoundedfounderboughtapoundofcompound.受伤的奠基人买了一磅化合物sur-surface表面;surprise惊奇;surname姓氏;survive幸存；存活；残存;surrender第405页 放弃；投降;surpass超越；超过;mild;adj.温和的；不严厉的;gentle;soft;wild野（生）的;狂野的;bay;n海湾;gulf海湾;归harbour海港类coast海岸记beach海滩；岸边;忆shore海岸；海滨;oversea海外；华侨;-our-orneighbour临居;hour;colour颜色;flour面粉humour幽默;favour恩惠rumour谣言;vapour蒸汽labour劳动（力）;four;tour旅游;sour酸的；变酸pour倾倒；泼;rat老鼠；耗子mouse(复mice)田鼠rat老鼠;-atfatcathat帽子（有边）bat蝙蝠;pat轻拍flat平坦的单调的绕口令cat;;cat;patthatfatratandthefatbatwithahat;猫猫；快拍那只胖老鼠和那只戴帽子的蝙蝠。volcanon火山;词中词：can;助记两座圆形的〇〇火山会爆发;相关词火山口：crater；ctreate创造;activevolcano活火山;extinctvolcano死火山;springn泉春天形近singring助记春天的泉水会唱歌heat热；加热；n.v.令发热;eat吃;hatn.帽子;surface表面；外面复习：surround形近face脸；面对；surprisesettlevt.使定居；解决；平静；安家;settler定居；安家;第405页 形近set:放置;n装置;cattlen牛，牧畜;复数不加s;mainly主要地；大体上形近mainadj主要的;voyagen航行；航海;同义(travel;journey;trip;tour)-agemessage信息;courage勇气;cage笼子;牢房;wage工资;engage从事；忙于;manage管理;front-page头版的；重要版面;passage通道;走栏cabbage白菜;baggage;luggage;行李;garage车库;average;平均;damage毁坏;image图像;possession拥有；占有;形近possessv占有；拥有;boldadj.黑体的;粗体印刷的;突出的；大胆;-oldtold;sold;cold;hold;gold告诉/卖/冷/握/金paragraph;n段落;相关词passage段落;chapter章节;telegraphtelegram电报;surprising令人吃惊的；使人吃惊;的;surprised(sb.)吃惊；惊讶;shocked震惊的;复习:shock震惊amaze惊讶satisfy;disappoint;scare;frighten;horror;terror;panic;alarm等;secretaryn秘书；书记；文书;形近secretadj.秘密;-ary（形后缀）library图书馆;secondary第二的次要的;dictionary字典;percent百分比；百分数;形近相关词：century世纪；百年;centigrade摄氏度;centimeter厘米;center中心中央;central中心的;focus以…为中心;grassland草原；草地;mountain+ous-----mountainousadj.多山的；如山的；巨大的;mount山；山脉;MountEmei峨眉山--taincertain确定；确实;形近curtain窗帘第405页 weddingn婚礼；婚宴;助记：我们w两个dd办婚礼;marriage婚姻;conferencen会议；讨论会;形近confidence信心；自信;confidentadj.自信的;relation关系；亲属;形近relative有关系的；亲戚;relationship关系;agriculturaladj.农业的；农艺的;形近culture文化;cultural文化的农业agri-是文化艺术;相关词：industry工业;　farming;耕作；农业;cattlen牛；畜牧;形近cat猫;复习：settle安家；定居;battle战争；战役;bottle瓶子exportn输出；出口;ex-向外;port港口;从港口码头运出商品；出口商品;import进出;lamb小羊；羊羔;小羊b不叫（不发音）;复习climbtomb;cottagen村舍；小别墅小屋农舍;词中词cot帆布床；婴儿床;cote棚；栏;tag捉人游戏（hide-and-seek）捉迷藏;seaside海滨边;形近seashorebeachcoast;campv.宿营;换字：lamp灯damp潮湿的;Unit19protectionn.保护;近义词conservev.保护;protect;defence保卫;guard防卫；保卫;复习effect影响;elect选举;select精选;techniquen技术；方法;技巧skill方法method;technology技术；相关technicaladj.irrigationn灌溉；冲洗相关irrigate;irri-I和R对称形成大坝，助记从门gate里放水灌溉;pumpn.泵；抽水机;v.抽吸;pp对称;seed种子；萌芽-eedweed杂草need需要助记种子seed间的杂草weed需要need;清除weed;importim+port进口；引入;export出口;相关词：trade贸易;business商业;production产品；产量;形近producevt.生产;productn产品;introduction介绍；引进;depend=rely-reliable形近independencen.independentadj独立的;methodn方法；办法waymeans词中词：me;met;助记方式是我遇到的方法：me.metroot根；根部;换一字：roof房顶;foot脚;第405页 枝：branch叶leafleaves基:basebasis茎:树干stem;insectn昆虫pest害虫（拍死它）protectselectproject;direct;collect保护/选择/工程/指导；直接/收集;tobacco助记/谐音：烟瘾太大；一次要“吞八口”烟叶;cigarette纸烟；香烟cigar雪茄（谐音）;goldenadj.金色的；黄金的;gold+enwood+enwooden木制的;联想woolwoolen毛织的;bold大胆的；黑体的tien.领带；领巾；鞋带v.系；捆；拴;加一字：tire戴“领带”(tie)很累tired;discoveryn.发现≈findings;dis+cover覆盖+y（后缀）;discoverv.发现;gardenn.花园;v.从事园艺;形近字：guard;kindergarten幼儿园;gardeningn.园艺。园林;gardenern.园丁;wisdomn.智慧;词中词wiseadj.聪明的；明智的;-dom抽象名词后缀;freedom自由;kingdom;王国;形近字：bottom底部;blossom形近字：bloom开花;practicaladj.实际的；实践的;实用的;形近字：practicen.实践；练习;practicev.-alSuitablenationalnaturalarrivalchemicalphysical合适/国家的/自然的/到达/化学的/物理的;guiden.向导；谐音：见鬼的“向导”;direct指导；指引；导演;conduct行为；举止；品行；处理；引导；知道;firstlyadv.第一；首先相关词：atfirst;above;allfirstofall;;secondlythirdly…;…sow播种相关词：seed种子;row划船n排；行sawn锯子（see的过去式）;conditionn条件；状况；情形situation情形；情况;;soiln土壤；土地;s+oil助记土壤肥的流油oil;第405页 weed杂草v除草；铲除;seed种子need;feed;re+move移动；移除；搬开;movien电演;我I在里边演电演;sun+flowern向日葵;sunflowerseeds;sunrise日出;sunset日落形近字：sunbathe日光浴sunburn晒黑晒伤sunglass太阳镜;Unit20humour=humor幽默；谐音;humourousadj.滑稽的；幽默的;rumourn.谣言funfunny;-our=–orhonour;colourfavour恩惠；帮助;neighour邻居labourn.劳动;+ousadj.serious严重的；严肃的;dangerous;curious好奇的；mysterious神秘的;generous慷慨的；大方的poisonous;bitteradj.苦的；痛苦;词中词：bit一点点;sweet甜的;sour酸的;switch开关；转换词中词witchn女巫;chalk粉笔;词中词talkv谈话；couplen（一）对；双；夫妇;ministern牧师;mini-小的；微型的迷你的;minibus;circusn马戏团；杂技团;circle圆圈；环绕;clown小丑;intendvt.想要；打算；意指形近字：tend照料；照顾;tenderadj.柔软的；温柔的;gentle温柔的;stagen舞台；阶段；时期;相关词：line台词；对白;-agemanage;nationality国籍；国家；部落;nationn国家；民族;national国家的inter.nation.al国际的inte-viewcertainadj.确定的；的；某（种）;形近字certainly确定的；肯定地；当然;surely;amusevt.使发笑；使愉快;形近字amazev惊奇；吃惊;please使高兴；使愉快;amused；pleased;delightv使高兴delightedadj.高兴的;laughtern笑声;laugh+atv笑，发笑;-oughBought;brought;thought;caught;coughn咳嗽；咳嗽声;ploughv犁地；耕地enoughadj.足够的;accentn口音；空调；重音;形近字cent分;percent白分之……Unit20第405页 access进入；通向；接近;形近字accept接受receive收到;accidentn事故；意外incident小事;accordingto根据；按照;actuallyadj.事实上；实际上;a形近字ctualadj.actn行动；行为;形近字actionadj.积极的；活动的;activityn活动；所做的事;typicaladj.典型的；象征性的;type类型；种类;physicalchemical;symboln.象征;traditionn.传统;形近字traditionaladj.传统的;traden.贸易；商业business,commercial;rapidadj.迅速的；快的fastquick形近字rap说唱（艺术）;appreciatevt.赏识；鉴赏感激；欣赏形近字applaud拍手；喝彩；鼓掌applausen.cheerup高兴起来；振作;existvi存在；生存;survivev存活；辛存;形近字revive复活;phrasen词组；短语;形近字chase追赶；case箱子；案例;base基础idiom惯用法；习语;sufferv经历；遭遇;形近字refervi涉及；指；提及;prefer宁愿喜欢experience经历;operatevi运转；操作;形近字opera京剧;directionn方向；方位；指示；说明;directv指导;导演；指示;-akebrakenv刹车;bake烤烘;caken蛋糕；饼;lake湖quake颤动；震动;earthquake地震;mistake错误;wake醒来;make;cyclistn骑手；骑车人;复习list名单cycle循环；周期；两轮车;形近字bicycle单车；自行车;recyclev.循环；回收在利用;fortunatelyadv.幸运地;fortunateadj.=lucky;luckn.运气;mis-fortunate=unlucky;fortunen.=luck运气；幸运;silencen.寂静；沉默；安静;形近字silentadj.安静的；沉默的;quietstill安静的；不动的;rudeadj.粗鲁无礼；残暴的;polite礼貌的;impolite无礼的;badmanners;confusevt.迷惑；打乱；混淆的;形近字refuse拒绝reject拒绝;puzzle使迷惑不解;confused困惑的;Unit21unfair不公平的；不公正的;air公平的；实的just正义的justice正义;fairlyadv很；非常≈rather;customern顾客；主顾;形近字customn习惯；海关+s;avoidv避免；contactv接触；联系connect联系;suitcasen手提箱suitable合适的;suit适合；套服;casen箱子;aheadadvadj.在前；向前;head头；向前aheadof更前；更早;manage管理；经营；做成某事;man+age第405页 形近字manager经理；管理者;fold折叠；合拢形近字gold;bold;varyvt.改变；使多样化；change;shift;variousadj.各种各样的;=allkindsof比较：very很；非常;variety多样性=diversity;crazyadj.疯狂的；狂热的;形近字lazy懒惰;mad;发疯的;partv.分离；分开；n部分;形近字depart离开;分别;apartment公寓；套房flat;apart分开;department部门；系百货商店;firmadj.牢固的；稳定有力的tight;steady;stablestrong;handshake握手;shakehandswith…握手;bown.vi鞠躬；弯腰;n.弓箭;arrown.箭;sparrow麻雀;fistn.拳头boxing拳击"palm手掌arm手臂;hipn.臂部;bend(bent)弯曲；屈服；起于;形近字bentadj.弯曲的;end末尾，末端，助记：字母b末端弯曲;tap轻拍；轻敲;形近字pat拍;rap说唱；艺术;gently轻松地；逐渐的;形近字adj.gentle;gentleman绅士;形近字anger;n.愤怒;angryadj.愤怒的；生气的;danger危险;dangerous危险的;useless无用的；无效的;反义useful有用的；有效的;occurv.发生；出现;形近字occurrencenhappen;breakoutfocus中兴；焦点middle中心;concentration中心；焦点;specificadj.具体的；特有的;形近字special特别的；专门的;abstract抽象的；n摘要summary总结；小结concret具体的;Unit22amusementn.消遣；娱乐;entertainment;形近字amusev.使高兴；使愉快;amazev.使惊讶;souvenirn.纪念品;Soviet苏联苏维埃;attractionn.吸引力;形近字attractv.吸引;attractiveadj.有吸引力的;collectionn.收集集体;形近字collectv.gatherv.castlen..掷;broadcast广播;minorityn.少数；少数民族;形近字majority多数;cartoonn谐音卡通；漫画；动画;car小汽车;carrot萝卜;cart马车;Humour;幽默;rumour谣言;sofa沙发salad色拉shampoocouch长椅子；沙发thrilln兴奋；激动;;形近字till直到ill病;hill小山;助记（兴奋得直到）山上病了;entertainmentn娱乐；招待;形近字entertainv娱乐；招待;enter进入;certain肯定的；确定的；某种;第405页 curtain窗帘;educatev.教育；引导;形近字educationn.教育;educator教育者（家）;形近字productn.产品conductv.操作；实施；执行管理指挥handle控制；把柄；direct,operate,manage;conductorn.售票员列车员;conservationn.保护；管理；保存;conservevt.=protect;servevt.服务protect保护;coastal海岸的；沿海的;coastn海岸;harbor海港;beach海滨shore海岸;dividev分;划分;隔开dive潜水;助记（对称地把e分开）connect；contact；联接；联系touchsectionn部分压抑;part；region地区/区域;area;zone地区；区域;department部分分支shuttlen航天飞机；穿梭机；spaceship（航天飞机）shut关闭;butterflyn蝴蝶;形近字butter黄油flies苍蝇;injuryn.伤害；受伤injurev.hurt；damage；wound;harmrocketn火箭;形近字rock岩石；摇滚;jacket夹克;helicoptern直升飞机carvev雕刻ncarving;;figure雕塑，塑像;achievementn.成绩；成就;形近字achieve;v.取得ache疼痛;eve除夕;助记取得成绩不是一朝一夕eve之事；需要痛苦/疼痛；civilizationn.文明；开化;形近字civiladj.内部的；公民的divide分开Civilize;使开化；教化civilization文明；开化;preventv.妨碍；阻止；保护;twistn.v.弯曲；扭曲;形近字twister绕口令;imaginev.想象（力）;imaginationn.;endless无穷的；无止境的limitlessdarknessn.黑暗；漆黑darkadj.;dawn黎明；开端;一册下phrasesandidiom短语和习语归纳makeachoice做出选择keepupwith跟上赶上keeppacewith与……同步plentyofanumberof大量rollup变成卷形；卷起dressup打扮；装饰；盛装第405页 inone’sopinion按……看法；依……的观点;havefaithin=believeinplayatrickon开……玩笑；欺骗某人toone’sjoydelight使某人高兴takein摄取；欺骗callon访问；号召；邀请bringback拿回；使恢复dayandnight日日夜夜payoff还清；付清earnmakemoney挣、赚钱actout表演；付出行动agreatdealof(修饰不可数)大量；许多teston在……上做实验tryonaroundthecorner即使来临；在拐角处diedown(声音)变弱；平息；消失cometotermswith甘心忍受takepossessionof占有；占领makeup组成；构成；占……turnto开始干；求助于；转向gosailing驾船航行；帆船运动gocamping宿营dependon依赖；依靠andsoon=etc等等makefunof取笑；嘲笑makeuseof利用datebacktofrom回溯；追溯到beongoodtermswith与……关系好lookon…as把……看作当作regard…as,consider…as….thinkof…as…aheadof在……前；更早inadvancegetthrough通过；度过；到达teardown拆除；推倒pulldownholdup举起；拿出makeaface做鬼脸第405页 inorder整齐；按顺序=tidydivide…into…把……分成部分focus…on以……为中心prevent…from…使…...不……,保护……不受危险威胁危害keep….fromstop…fromprotect…frommanageto…努力做成trytodo艺考生的救命稻草！突破130分，快速提高30分的锦囊妙计！6步搞定任何高考英语阅读真题，一般人不告诉他（她）！2013吴军高考英语阅读理解3天提分秘术众说周知，得阅读、完形者得天下！文章看没看懂不重要，关键是要选对！高考英语阅读的核心暗示点：词和短语！题目（或题干）有暗示，秘笈为你精准导航！选项与出题点之间存在逻辑关系，3天帮您梳理！速度比完美更重要，思路比题海要有效！2013高考英语阅读3天提分秘术，既不是神人的牛B押题，也不是最牛高考班的密卷！而是沈阳高分英语家教吴军老师从2000-2012年2700多篇高考英语阅读真题答案内幕规律衍生出的迅捷提分秘诀！2013高考英语阅读3天提分秘术是纸质的解析讲解类自学教案，而不是如同上大课般的名师讲座光盘（如高分突破，提分宝典，四步兵法，高频考点等），你可以站着，躺着，甚至在卫生间里也可以阅读自学！立竿见影！以一顶百！9年来我们在自我独门秘笈的基础上，20%参阅了132种全国知名高考英语教案或资料第405页 （如：新东方，张清波，北京四中李俊和，管卫东，提分宝典，高频考点等）。但发现很多名师教案与高考提分关联度小，因为相当一部分名师只是把自己在考研和雅思领域的研究成果生搬硬套到高考英语教学中（讲述的高频词汇严重超纲，甚至是大学6级的），而不是深入到2700篇历届阅读真题中潜心研究，效果可想而知。还有些重点高中一线老师，将自己上课用的教案制作成光盘用以贩卖，其实质不过是高频考点和词汇的串讲，有的甚至用35%的篇章讲述如何记忆单词，而广告却说是提分秘笈，真是让人遗憾！好消息！吴军老师2012高考英语3天提分秘诀仅释放了其30%的功力，就达到了90%以上的客户满意度，为了配合文科其他科目的上市，2013年吴军高考英语将释放其70%的功力，2013年高考英语提分速度和幅度将再升一倍，看完下列示例后，还不赶紧抢购呀！目录：一、2013阅读吴军猜题秘术:备选项高频答案特征二、2013阅读吴军暗示点秒杀:备选项高频答案词三、擒贼先擒王:主旨题、写作目的题吴军答题密码四、阅读出题点与细节题吴军答题法则五、阅读文章结构、题材与推论题吴军突破秘诀六、阅读词汇、文章及作者态度题吴军破解规律2013阅读吴军猜题秘术:备选项高频答案特征（10条秘诀）秘诀一：被动结构是备选项高频答案特征！【2010辽宁卷B篇】Ihateddinnerparties.ButIdecidedtogivethemanothershotbecauseI"minLondon.AndmyfriendMalleryinvitedme.AndbecausedinnerpartiesinLondonareverydifferentfromthosebackinNewYork.There,"“I’mhavingadinnerparty"means:"I"mbookingatablefor12atarestaurantyoucan"taffordandwe"llbesharingthechecqueevenly,nomatterwhatyoueat."Worse,inManhattanthereisalwayssomeonewholeavesbeforethebillarrives.They"llthrowdowncash,halfofwhattheyowe,andthenpeoplelikeme,whodon’tdrink,enduppayingevenmore.ButifItrytousethesametrick,thehostesswillshout:"Whereareyougoing?"Andit"snotlikeIcansayIhavesomewheretogo:everyoneknowIhavenowheretogo.第405页 ButinLondon,dinnerpartiesareinpeople"shomes.(转折对比,说明前面NewYorkers评价是Self-centred.)Notonlythat,theguestsareaninterestingmix.ThelasttimeIwenttoone,theguestswerefromFrance,India.DenmarkandNigeria;itwaslikeagatheringattheUnitedNationsinNewYork.Themixislessstriking.It"slikeagatheringatBloomingdale"s,awell-knowndepartmentstore.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------61.WhatdoesthewriterdislikemostaboutdinnerpartiesinNewYork?AThereisastrangemixofpeople.B.Therestaurantsareexpensive.C.Thebillisnotfairlyshared.D.Peoplehavetopaycash63.Whatistheauthor"sopinionofsomeNewYorkersfromherexperience？A.Easy-going.B.Self-centred.C.Generous.D.Conservative.【2012四川卷E篇】Sofar,effortstocutemissions（排放）ofplanet-warminggreenhousegasesarenotseenasenoughtopreventtheEarthheatingupbeyond2℃thiscentury—apointscientistssaywillbringthedangerofachangeableclimateinwhichweatherextremesarecommon,leadingtodrought,floods,cropfailuresandrisingsealevels.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------60.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphsabouttheworld’stemperature?A.Ithasrisennearly0.2℃since1979.B.Itschangewillleadtoweatherextremes.C.Itis0.8℃higherin1979thanthatof1990.D.Itneedstobecontrolledwithin2℃inthiscentury.【2012四川卷A篇】Theseasonschangejustoutsidethedoor.Wewatchthemaplesturneveryshadeofyellowandredinthefallandnotethepoplars’（杨树）puttingoutthefirstgreenleavesofspring.Therainbowsmeltfillsthelocalsteamastheicegraduallydisappears,andthewoodfrogsstarttosinginpoolsafterbeingfrozenforthewinter.Afamilyofbirdsrulesourskiesandfliesoverthelake.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------43.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmean?A.Thechangeofseasonsiseasilyfelt.B.Theseasonsmakethesceneschange.C.Theweatheroftenchangesintheforest.D.Thedoorisagoodpositiontoenjoychangingseasons.第405页 【2012陕西卷C篇】Theauthorsofbothstudiesstressthattheserisksarerelativelysmallforhealthypeopleandcertainlymodestcomparedwithotherriskfactorssuchassmokingandhighbloodpressure.However,itisimportanttobeawareofthesedangersbecauseeveryoneisexposedtoairpollutionregardlessoflifestylechoices.SostricterregulationbytheEPAofpollutantsmaynotonlyimproveenvironmentalairqualitybutcouldalsobecomenecessarytoprotectpublichealth.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------55.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Eatingfattyfoodhasimmediateeffectsonyourheart.B.TheEPAconductedmanystudiesonairquality.C.Moderateairqualityismoreharmfulthansmoking,D.Stricterregulationsonpollutantsshouldbemade.【2012江西卷D篇】Forthosewhomakejourneysacrosstheworld,thespeedoftraveltodayhasturnedthecountriesintoaseriesofvillages．Distancesbetweenthemappearnogreatertoamoderntravelerthanthosewhichoncefacedmenastheywalkedfromvillagetovillage.Jetplaneflypeoplefromoneendoftheearthtotheother,allowingthemafreedomofmovementundreamtofahundredyearsago.　　Yetsomepeoplewonderiftherevolutionintravelhasgonetoofar.Apricehasbeenpaid,theysay,fortheconquest(征服)oftimeanddistance.Travelissomethingtobeenjoyed,notendured(忍受).Theboatoffersleisureandtimeenoughtoappreciatetheever-changingsightsandsoundsofajourney.Ajourneybytrainalsohasaspecialcharmaboutit.Lakesandforestsandwild,openplainssweepingpastyourcarriagewindowcreateagrandviewinwhichtimeanddistancemeannothing.Onboardaplane,however,thereisjusttheblankblueoftheskyfillingthenarrowwindowoftheairplane.Thesoftlighting,in-flightfilmsandgentlemusicmakeuptheonlyworldyouknow,andthehoursprogressslowly.　　Thenthereisthetimespentbeing“processed”atamodernairport.Peopleareconveyedlikerobotsalongwalkways;baggageisweighed,ticketsproduced,examinedandproducedyetagainbeforethepassengermoveagaintoanotherwaitingarea.Journeysbyrailandseatakelonger,yes,butthehoursdevotedtobeing“processed”atdepartureandarrivalinairportsareluckilyabsent.Nowonder,then,thatthemodernhigh-speedtrainsarewinningbackpassengersfromtheairlines.Man,however,isnowaworldtravelerandcannotturnhisbackontheairplane.Theworkinglivesoftoomanypeopledependuponit;wholenewindustrieshavebeenbuiltarounditsdesignandoperation.Theholidaymaker,too,withlimitedtimetospend,patientlyenduresthebusyairportsandlimitedspaceoftheflighttogainthoseextrahoursandevendays,relaxinginthesun.speedcontrolspeople’slives;timesaved,inworkorplay,is第405页 theimportantthing—orsowearetold.Perhapsthosefirsthorsemen,ridingfreeacrossthewild,openplains,wereenjoyingabetterworldthantheoneweknowtoday.Theycouldtravelatwill,andtheclockwasnottheirmaster.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------73.AccordingtoParagraph3,passengersareturningbacktomodernhigh-speedtrainsbecause_____．A.theypaylessfortheticketsB.theyfeelsaferduringthetravelC.theycanenjoyhigherspeedoftravelD.theydon’thavetowastetimebeing“processed”75.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Airtravelbenefitspeopleandindustries．B.TrainTravelhassomeadvantagesoverairtravel．C.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmoderntravel.D.Thehighspeedofairtravelisgainedatacost.2013阅读吴军暗示点秒杀:备选项高频答案词（17项不到90个单词）秘诀9：leadto(resultin,bringabout,cause)是选项中答案高频暗示词!【2012浙江卷C篇】Firstofall,studentsneedtorealizethatconflictisunavoidable.Areportonviolenceamongmiddleschoolandhighschoolstudentsindicatesthatmostviolentincidentsbetweenstudentsbeginwitharelativelyminorinsult(侮辱).Forexample,afightcouldstartoverthefactthatonestudenteatsapeanutbuttersandwicheachlunchtime.Laughteroverthesandwichcanleadtoinsults,whichinturncanleadtoviolence.Theproblemisn"tinthesandwich,butinthewaystudentsdealwiththeconflict.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------51.FromParagraph2wecanlearnthat________.A.violenceismorelikelytooccuratlunchtime具体!B.asmallconflictcanleadtoviolenceC.studentstendtolosetheirtempereasilyD.theeatinghabitofastudentisoftenthecauseofafight具体!【2011湖北卷D篇】ourowngenerationhasaccesstomorenutritiousfood.moreconvenienttransport.biggerhouses,betterears.andofcourse,morepoundsanddollarsthananywholivedbeforeus.This第405页 willcontinueaslongaswetherethingstomakeotherthings,Thismorewespecializeandexchange,thebetteroffwe’llbe.2)BrilliantadvancesOnereasonwearericher,healthier,taller,cleverer,longer-livedandfreerthanenerbeforeisthatthefourmostbasiehumanneeds-food,clothing,fuelandshelter-havegrownalotcheaper.Takeoneexample.In1800acandleprovidingonehour’slightcostsixhours’work.Inthe1880sthesamelightfromanoillamptook15minutes’worktopayfor.In1950itwaseightseconds.Todayit’shalfsecond.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------65.Thecandleandlampexampleisusedtoshowthat.A.oillampsgiveoffmorelightthancandlesB.shorteningworkingtimebringsaboutahappierlife.C.advancedtechnologyhelpstoproducebettercandles.D.increasedproductionrateleadstolowercostofgoods.秘诀10：Control(handle,dealwith)是选项中答案高频暗示词!【2012天津卷D篇】Thosewhochoosetobecreatorslookatlifequitedifferently.Theyknowthereareindividualswhomightliketocontroltheirlives,buttheydon’tletthisgetintheway.Theyknowtheyhavetheirweaknesses,yettheydon’tblamethemselveswhentheyfail.Whateverhappens,theyhavechoiceinthematter.Theybelievetheirdancewitheachsacred(神圣的)momentoflifeisagiftandthatstormsareanaturalpartoflifewhichcanbringtherainneededforemotionalandspiritualgrowth.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------52.AccordingtoParagraph2,creators__________.A.seemwillingtoexperiencefailuresinlifeB.possesstheabilitytopredictfuturelifeC.handleupsanddownsoflifewiselyD.havepotentialtocreatesomethingnew【2012山东卷D篇】Lastyear,itwasarefrigeratorthattweeted.Thisyear,it’sWi-Fi-enabledlaundrymachinesandfridgesthatcantellyouwhenyourgroceriesaregoingbad.Thewashersanddryers,availablestartinginthespring,connecttoanysmartphonethroughadownloadable第405页 application.Thephonecanthenbeusedasaremotecontrol,sothemachinescanbeturnedonandoffwhiletheirownersisatworkoronthebus.Samsungsaysit’snotjustsomethingnew—theappconnectionactuallyhassomepracticaluses.“Ifyoustartedtodryclothesinthemorningandforgottotakethemout,youcangotoyourphoneandrestartyourdryerforthetimewhencomehome,soyourclothesarerefreshedandreadytogo,”saidspokespersonAmySchmidt.Thecompanyalsosaysthatwithelectricityrate(电价)varyingdependingonthetimeofday,morecontroloverwhenthemachinesareusedcanhelpsavemoney.Perhaps,butwhattheywillprobablyreallyaccomplishiswhatallgoodtechnologiesdo—enablelaziness.Ratherthangettinguptocheckonwhetherthelaundryisdone,userswillinsteadmonitoritontheirphoneswhilewatchingTV.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------73.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewlaundrymachines?A.TheycantellyouwhenyourclothesneedwashingB.TheycanbecontrolledwithasmartphoneC.TheyaredifficulttooperateD.Theyaresoldatalowprice秘诀12：miss(missing);lose(lost)是选项中答案高频暗示词!【2011全国新课标卷A篇】Thereissadlynohomemilkdeliverytoday.Bigcompaniesallowedtheproductionofcheapermilkthusmakingitdifficultformilkmentocompete(竞争).Besides,milkisforsaleeverywhere,anditmayjustnothavebeenpracticedtohaveadeliveryservice.Recently,anoldmilkboxinthecountrysideIsawbroughtbackmychildhoodmemories.1tookithomeandplanteditonthebackporch(门廊).Everysooftenmyson"sfriendswillaskwhatitis.SoIstarttellingstoriesofmyboyhood,andofthemilkmanwhobroughtusfriendshipalongwithhismilk.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------59.Whydidtheauthorbringbackhomeanoldmilkbox?A.Hemissedthegoodolddays.B.Hewantedtotellinterestingstories.C.Heneededitforhismilkbottles.D.Heplantedflowersinit.第405页 【2010江西卷A篇】Andyrodeslowlyonhiswaytoschool,day-dreamingaboutthefishingtripthathisfatherhadpromisedhim.Hewassobusydreamingaboutallthefishhewouldcatchthathewasunawareofeverythingelsearoundhim.Herodealonguntilastrangesounddrewhimtothepresent.Hecametoastopandlookedcuriouslyuptotheheavens.Whathesawshockedandterrifiedhim.Ahugeswarmofbeesfilledtheskylikeablackcloudandthebuzzingmassseemedtobeheadingangrilytowardshim.Withnotimetowaste,Andyspedoffintheoppositedirection,ridingfuriously—butwithoutknowinghowtoescapetheswarm.Witharapidlybeatingheartandhislegspumpingfuriously,hespeddowntheroughroad.Asthebeescamecloser,hispanicincreased.Andyknewthathewassensitivetobeestings(蜇).Thelaststinghadlandedhiminhospital—andthatwasonlyonebeesting!Hehadbeenforcedtostayinbedfortwowholedays.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------56.WhydidAndyfailtonoticetheswarmofbeesearlier?A.Hewasridingtoschool.B.Hewaslisteningtoastrangesound.C.Hewasgoingfishingwithhisfather.D.Hewaslostinthethoughtofthefishingtrip.擒贼先擒王:主旨题、写作目的题吴军答题密码方法一：找中心句第一段首、末句(一段末出现转折)二段一句、二句(二段对一段进行总结或否定)尾段首末句,90%在末句有汉语标注的地方!【2012全国新课标卷B篇】Honey(蜂蜜)fromtheAfricanforestisnotonlyakindofnaturalsugar,itisalsodelicious.Mostpeople,and第405页 manyanimals,likeeatingit.However,theonlywayforthemtogetthathoneyistofindawildbees"nest(巢)andtakethehoneyfromit.Often,thesenestsarehighupintrees,anditisdifficulttofindthem.InpartsofAfrica,though,peopleandanimalslookingforhoneyhaveastrangeandunexpectedhelper一alittlebirdcalledahoneyguide.Thehoneyguidedoesnotactuallylikehoney,butitdoeslikethewax(蜂蜡)inthebeehives(蜂房).Thelittlebirdcannotreachthiswax,whichisdeepinsidethebees’nest.So,whenitfindsasuitablenest,itlooksforsomeonetohelpit.Thehoneyguidegivesaloudcrythatattractstheattentionofbothpassinganimalsandpeople.Onceithastheirattention,itfliesthroughtheforest,waitingfromtimetotimeforthecuriousanimalorpersonasitleadsthemtothenest.Whentheyfinallyarriveatthenest,thefollowerreachesintogetatthedelicioushoneyasthebirdpatientlywaitsandwatches.Someofthehoney,andthewax,alwaysfallstotheground,andthisiswhenthehoneyguidetakesitsshare.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------63.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WildBeesB.WaxandHoneyC.BeekeepinginAfricaD.Honey-Lover"sHelper表转折和因果处:but,yet,however,instead,today,now,Although,so,therefore,thus,asaresult,because(since,as,for),oneofthereasonswas……,Theresultsare……ItwasavillageinIndia.Thepeoplewerepoor.However,theywerenotunhappy.Afterall,theirforefathershadlivedinthesamewayforcenturies.Thenoneday,somevisitorsfromthecityarrived.Theytoldthevillagersthereweresomepeopleelsewherewholikedtoeatfrog’slegs.However,theydidnothaveenoughfrogsoftheirown,andsotheywantedtobuyfrogsfromotherplaces.Thisseemedlikemoneyfornothing.Thereweremillionsoffrogsinthefieldsaround,andtheywerenousetothevillagers.Alltheyhadtodowascatchthem.Agreementwasreached,andthechildrenweresentinto第405页 thefieldstocatchfrogs.Everyweekatruckarrivedtocollectthecatchandhandoverthemoney.Forthefirsttime,thepeoplewereabletodreamofabetterfuture.Butthedreamdidn’tlastlong.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------FromParagragh1welearnthatthevillagers.A.workedveryhardforcenturiesB.dreamedofhavingabetterlifeC.werepoorbutsomewhatcontentD.livedadifferentlifefromtheirforefathers【2012全国新课标D篇】Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedstillswimaswellaseversince.Amanwhenhegetsbackwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscaninthewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandstillrideaway.Hecanplaycatchandhitaballaswellashisson.Amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"。rememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------67.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph1?A.Peoplerememberwellwhattheylearnedinchildhood.B.Childrenhaveabettermemorythangrown-ups.C.Poemreadingisagoodwaytolearnwords.D.Storiesforchildrenareeasytoremember.【2012重庆卷E篇】Inhis1930essay“EconomicPossibilitiesforOurGrandchildren“,JohnKeynes,economist,rewrotethathumanneedsfallintotwoclasses:absoluteneeds,whichareindeedwhatotherhave,andrelativeneeds,whichmakeusfeelsuperiortoourfellows.Hethoughtalthoughrelativeneedsmayindeedbeinsatiable(无止境的)thisisnottrueofabsolute.Keyneswassurelycorrectthatonlyasmallpartoftotalspendingiddecidedbythesuper-iorityHewasgreatlymistaken,however,inseeingthisderiveastheonlysourceofdemandsDecisionstospendarealsodrivenbyideasofqualitywhichcaninfluencethedenalmostallgoods,第405页 includingevenbasicgoodslikefood.Whenacouplegoesoutforandinner,forexample,thethoughtoffeelingsuperiortoothersprobablynevercomestothem.Thegoalistoshareaspecialmealthatstandsoutfromothermeals.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------75.Theauthorofthepassagearguesthat______.A.absoluteneedshavenolimitsB.demandsforqualityarenotinsatiableC.humandesiresinfluenceideasofqualityD.relativeneedsdecidemostofourspending【2012陕西卷C篇】Eatingtoomuchfattyfood,exercisingtoolittleandsmokingcanraiseyourfutureriskofheartdisease.Butthereisanotherfactorthatcancauseyourheartproblemsmoreimmediately:theairyoubreathe.Previousstudieshavelinkedhighexposure(暴露）toenvironmentalpollutiontoanincreasedriskofheartproblem,buttwoanalysesnowshowthatpoorairqualitycanleadtoheartattackorstroke(中风）withinaslittleasafewhoursafterexposure.Inonereviewoftheresearch,scientistsfoundthatpeopleexposedtohighlevelsofpollutants(污染物）wereupto5%morelikelytosufferaheartattackwithindaysofexposurethanthosewithlowerexposure.AseparatestudyofstrokepatientsshowedthatevenairthattheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)considerstobeof“moderate”(良好）qualityandrelativelysafeforourhealthcanraisetheriskofstrokeasmuchas34%within12to14hoursofexposure.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------53.Thetextmainlydiscussestherelationshipbetween.A.heartproblemsandairqualityB.heartproblemsandexercisingC.heartproblemsandsmokingD.heartproblemsandfattyfood写作目的题秘诀13：广告文体写作目的题一般用advertise!【2012重庆卷B篇】Toplistsarelecturingpeopleoneverythingfrom"100bookstoread".Aren"tyoujusttiredofbeingtoldwhattodowithyourtime?Nowyouhavealisttoendalllists!Takealookatthefollowingtwoexamplesfromthelistof"101thingsnottodo":……第405页 GotoSeetheMonaLisa?Theremustbesomethingaboutthemysterious(神秘的)smile.The6millionpeoplewhotheladyintheLouvreeveryyearcan’tallbewrongafterall.Buttheycanbequiteandstandinginfrontofyou,holdinguptheircamerastopreventyoufromseeinganything.Infacthardforyoutoseethepaintingclearlybecauseyouhavetostayawayfromitforsecurityread.Afterqueuingforhours,manytouristscanremaininfrontofthepaintingonlyfor15secondsmost.So,stilllongtoseetheMonaLisa?Ifyouwanttofindoutmoreaboutthelist,read101TingsNOTtoDoBeforeYouDie.Visitwww.not2dobeforeidie.co.ukandbuythebookata20％discount.63.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.ToadvertiseabookB.TointroduceawebsiteC.TocommentonpopularlistsD.Torecommendtouristactivities.写作目的题秘诀17：一般说明文写作目的题常用inform!【2012浙江卷C篇】Therewillalwaysbeconflictinschools,butthatdoesn"tmeanthereneedstobeviolence.AfterstudentsinAtlantastartedaconflictresolutionprogram,accordingtoEducatorsforSocialResponsibility,"64percentoftheteachersreportedlessphysicalviolenceintheclassroom;75percentoftheteachersreportedanincreaseinstudentcooperation;and92percentofthestudentsfeltbetteraboutthemselves".Learningtoresolveconflictscanhelpstudentsdealwithfriends,.teachers.parents,bosses,andcoworkers.Inthatway,conflictresolutionisabasiclifeskillthatshouldbetaughtinschoolsacrossthecountry.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------54.Thewriter’spurposeforwritingthisarticleisto_______.A.complainaboutproblemsinschooleducationB.teachstudentsdifferentstrategiesforschoollifeC.advocateteachingconflictmanagementinschoolsD.informteachersofthelateststudiesonschoolviolenceBut后面violence是重心！写作目的题秘诀18：新闻报道写作目的题常用report!【2012全国II卷D篇】ADDISABABA,Ethiopia-Oneoftheworld"smostfamousfossils(化石)-the3.2million-year-oldLucyskeleton(骨骼)unearthedinEthiopiain1974-willgoonanexhibitiontourabroadforthefirsttimeintheUnitedStates,officialssaidTuesday.EventheEthiopianpublichasonlyseen第405页 Lucytwice.TheLucyonexhibitionattheEthiopianNationalMuseuminthecapital.AddisAbabaisareplicawhiletherealremainsareusuallylockedinasecretstoreroom.AteamfromtheMuseumofNationalServiceintoU.S.tour.TexasspentfouryearsdisscusingwiththeEthiopiansfortheU.S.tour.WhichwillstartinHoustonnextSeptember."Ethiopia"srichcultureofboththepastandtoday,isoneofthebestkeptsecretsintheworld,"saidJoelBartsch,directoroftheHoustonmuseum.Thesix-yeartourwillalsogotoWashington,NewYork.DenverandChicago.OfficialssaidsixotherU.S.citiesmaybeonthetour.Buttheysaidplanshadnotyetbeenworkedout.TravelingwithLucywillbe190otherfossils.Lucy,hernametakenfromaBeatlessongthatplayedinacampthenightofherdiscovery,ispartoftheskeletonofwhatwasoncea3½-foot-ballape-man(猿人).-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------53.Theauthorwritesthistextmainlyto__.A.introduceafewU.S.museumsB.describesomeresearchworkC.discussthevalueofanape-manD.reportacomingevent阅读出题点与细节题吴军答题法则秘诀9：找到信息点后核对选项，发现照抄原文的不是答案，同义替换的通常是答案，有时结合答案特征，发现的更快！Tanni’senduringsuccesshadbeenpartmotivation(动机),partpreparation,“ThetrainingIdothatenablesmetobeagoodsprinter(短跑运动员)enablesmetobegoodatamarathontoo.Itrain50weeksoftheyearandthatkeepsmepreparedforwhateverdistanceIwanttorace….Iamstillcompetingataveryhighlever,butasIgetolderthingsgetharderandIwanttoretirebeforeIfallapart.”-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------58.Theunderlinedword“that”inthe5thparagraphrefersto_______.（此题容易错选A，但正确答案是C，怎样避开陷阱？）A.fiftyweeks’trainingB.beingagoodsprinterC.trainingalmosteverydayD.partmotivationandpartpreparation阅读文章结构、题材与推论题吴军突破秘诀第405页 推论题秘诀3：没有中心句（中心词四选项都有），尾段也没有核对点，则找出题点核对！【2012福建卷B篇】AtexactlyelevenSirPercivalknockedandentered,withanxietyandworryineverylineofhisface.Thismeetingwoulddecidehisfuturelife，andheobviouslyknewit."Youmaywonder,SirPercival,’’saidLauracalmly,“ifIamgoingtoasktobereleased(免除）frommypromisetomarryyou.Iamnotgoingtoaskthis.Irespectmyfather"swishestoomuch.“汉语标注处是出题核对点！Hisfacerelaxedalittle,butoneofhisfeetkeptbeatingthecarpet."No,ifwearegoingtowithdraw.(退出）fromourplannedmarriage,itwillbebecauseofyourwish,notmine.“Mine?”hesaidingreatsurprise.“WhatreasoncouldIhaveforwithdrawing?’"Areasonthatisveryhardtotellyou,"sheanswered."Thereisachangeinme.”Hisfacewentsopalethatevenhislipslosttheircolor.Heturnedhisheadtooneside."Whatchange?"heasked,tryingtoappearcalm.“Whenthepromisewasmadetwoyearsago,”shesaid,mylovedidnotbelongtoanyone.Willyouforgiveme,SirPercival,ifItellyouthatitnowbelongstoanotherperson?”“Iwishyoutounderstand,“Lauracontinued,“thatIwillneverseethispersonagain,andthatifyouleaveme,youonlyallowmctoremainasinglewomanfortherestofmylife.AllIaskisthatyouforgivemcandkeepmysecret."‘Iwilldoboththosethings,“hesaid.ThenhelookedatLaura,asifhewaswaitingtohearmore."IthinkIhavesaidenoughtogiveyoureasontowithdrawfromourmarriage,“sheaddedquietly.“No.Youhavesaidenoughtomakeitthedearestwishofmylifetomarryyou,“hesaid.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------61.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A.LaurahadoncepromisedtomarryPercivalB.Laura"sfatherwishedtoendhermarriageC.PercivalhadbeenmarriedtoLaurafortwoyearsD.Percivalaskedtobereleasedfromthemarriage第405页 文章取材题秘诀5：若首段有小括号,里面有新华,搜狐,网易,新浪,路透,BBC等提示,如(XINHUANET),或每段首句有具体时间信息点,则选项一定与news有关!【2012辽宁卷C篇】IfConfucius（孔子）werestillalivetodayandcouldcelebratehisSeptember28birthdaywithabigcake,therewouldbealotofcandles.He’dneedafanorastrongwindtohelphimputthemout.WhilemanypeopleinChinawillrememberConfuciusonhisspecialday,fewpeopleintheUnitedStateswillgivehimapassingthought.It’snothingpersonal.MostAmericansdon’tevenrememberthebirthdaysoftheirownnationalheroes.Butthisdoesn’tmeanthatAmericansdon’tcareaboutConfucius.InmanywayshehasbecomeabridgethatforeignersmustcrossiftheywanttoreachadeeperunderstandingofChina.Inthepasttwodecades,theChinesestudiesprogramshavegainedhugepopularityinWesternuniversities.Morerecently,theChinesegovernmenthassetupConfuciusInstitutesinmorethan80countries.TheseschoolsteachbothChineselanguageandculture.ThemaincoursesofChinesecultureusuallyincludedChineseart,historyandphilosophy（哲学）.SomesocialscientistssuggestthatWesternersshouldtakeadvantagesoftheancientChinesewisdomtomakeupforthedrawbacksofWesternersphilosophy.StudentsintheUnitedStates,atthesametime,areracingtolearnChinese.SotheywillbereadyforlifeinaworldwhereChinaisanequalpowerwiththeUnitedStates.BusinessmenwhohopetomakemoneyinChinaarereadingbooksaboutConfuciustounderstandtheirChinesecustomers.Sotheoldthinker’sideasarestillaliveandwell.TodayChinaattractstheWestmorethanever,anditwillneedmoreteacherstointroduceConfuciusandChineseculturetotheWest.Asfortheoldthinker,hewillnotsoonbeforgottenbypeopleintheWest,evenifhisbirthdayis.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------67.Thepassageislikelytoappearin___________.A.abiographyB.ahistorypaperC.anewspaperD.aphilosophytextbook文章取材题秘诀6：文章首尾句看是否有关键信息点,比如book,可能是书的前言或简介第405页 ,若有价格,与钱有关或访问某网站,则可能是广告(advertisement)!【2010湖北卷C篇】Thisbriefbookisaimedathighschoolstudents,butspeakstoanyonelearningatanystageoflife.Itsformal,seriousstylecloselymatchesitscontent,aschool-masterlybookonschooling.Theauthor,W.H.Armstrong,startswiththebasics:readingandwriting.Inhisopinion,readingdoesn’tjustmeanrecognizingeachwordonthepage;itmeanstakingintheinformation,digestingitandincorporatingitintooneselfjustasonedigestsasandwichandmakesitapartofhimself.Thegoalistobringtheinformationbacktolife,notjusttotreatitasdeadfactsonpaperfromdeadtrees.Readingandwritingcannotbecompletelyseparatedfromeachother;infact,theaimofreadingistoexpresstheinformationyouhavegotfromthetext.I’veseenitagainandagain：some-onewhocan’texpressanideaafterreadingatextisjustasineffectiveassomeonewhohasn’treaditatall.Onlyathirdofthebookremainsafterthatdiscussion,whichArmstrongdevotestospecifictipsforstudyinglanguages,math,scienceandhistory.Hegenerallyhandlesthesetopicsthoroughly(透彻地)andequally,exceptforsomeweaknessinthescienceandmathsectionsandabittoomuchpassion(激情)regardinghistorytohisstudents,thatwasahundredtimesmorethanmyhistoryteachersevergotacross.Tomydisappointment,inthispartofthebookheignoresthearts.Asamatteroffact,theydemandalltheconcentrationandstudythatmathandsciencedo,thoughthestudydiffersslightlyinkind.Althoughit’scommonlybelievedthattheartscanonlybenaturallyacquired,actually,learningtheartsisnomorenaturalthanlearningFrenchormathematics.Myothercommentisthatthetextaged.Thefirsteditionapparentlydatestothe1960s—noneofthereferences(参考文献)seemnewerthanthelate1950s.Asaresult,thediscussionmissestheentirecomputerage.Thesearesmallpoints,though,anddon’taffectthemaindiscussion.Irecommendittoanystudentandanyteacher,includingtheself-taughtstudent.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------66.Thispassagecanbeclassifiedas________.A.anadvertisementB.abookreviewC.afeaturestoryD.Anewsreport【2012北京卷A篇】第405页 TheBasicsofMath—MadeClearBasicMathintroducesstudentstothebasicconceptsofmathematics,aswellasthefundamentalsofmoretrickyareas.These30fantasticlecturesaredesignedtoprovidestudentswithanunderstandingofarithmeticandtopreparethemforAlgebra(代数)andbeyond.ThelessonsinBasicMathcovereverybasicaspectofarithmetic.Theyalsolookintoexponents(指数),theorderofoperations,andsquareroots.Inadditiontolearninghowtoperformvariousmathematicaloperations,studentsdiscoverwhytheseoperationswork,howaparticularmathematicaltopicrelatestootherbranchesofmathematics,andhowtheseoperationscanbeusedpractically.BasicMathstartsfromtherelativelyeasierconceptsandgraduallymovesontothemoretroublesomeones,soastoallowforsteadyandsureunderstandingofthematerialbystudents.Thelecturesofferstudentsthechanceto“makesense”ofmathematicalknowledgethatmayhaveseemedsofrightening.Theyalsohelpstudentsprepareforcollegemathematicsandovercometheiranxietyaboutthisamazing—andcompletelyunderstandable—fieldofstudy.Bytheconclusionofthecourse,studentswillhaveimprovedtheirunderstandingofbasicmath.Theywillbeabletoclearawaythemystery(神秘性)ofmathematicsandfacetheirstudieswithmoreconfidencethantheyeverimagined.Inaddition,theywillstrengthentheirabilitytoacceptnewandexcitingmathematicalchallenges.ProfessorH.Siegel,honoredbyKentuckyEducationalTelevisionas“thebestmathteacherinAmerica,”isadevotedteacherandhasagiftforexplainingmathematicalconceptsinwaysthatmakethemseemclearandobvious.Fromthebasicconcreteideastothemoreabstractproblems,heismasterinmakingmathlectureslearner-friendlierandlessscary.WithaPhDinMathematicsEducationfromGeorgiaStateUniversity,Dr.SiegelteachesmathematicsatCentralArizonaCollege.Hiscoursesincludevariousmake-upclassesandanumberoflecturesforfutureprimaryschoolteachers.Ifthecoursefailstoprovidecompletesatisfactiontoyou,youcaneasilyexchangeitforanyothercoursethatweoffer.Oryoucangetyourmoneyback.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------59.Whereisthepassagemostlikelytohavebeentakenfrom?A.Anewsreport.B.AbookreviewC.Alessonplan.D.Anadvertisement第405页 文体结构题秘诀4：指定段落有aman,oneman,suchas等信号词时,结构为举例(examples).【2012江西卷D篇】　　Yetsomepeoplewonderiftherevolutionintravelhasgonetoofar.Apricehasbeenpaid,theysay,fortheconquest(征服)oftimeanddistance.Travelissomethingtobeenjoyed,notendured(忍受).Theboatoffersleisureandtimeenoughtoappreciatetheever-changingsightsandsoundsofajourney.Ajourneybytrainalsohasaspecialcharmaboutit.Lakesandforestsandwild,openplainssweepingpastyourcarriagewindowcreateagrandviewinwhichtimeanddistancemeannothing.Onboardaplane,however,thereisjusttheblankblueoftheskyfillingthenarrowwindowoftheairplane.Thesoftlighting,in-flightfilmsandgentlemusicmakeuptheonlyworldyouknow,andthehoursprogressslowly.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------72．HowdoesthewritersupporttheunderlinedstatementinParagraph2?A．Bygivinginstructions．B．Byanalyzingcauseandeffect．C．Byfollowingtheorderoftime．D．Bygivingexamples．【2012全国新课标D篇】Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning,whichcanbestatedasfollows:Oncewehavelearnedsomething,additionallearningtrials(尝试)increasethelengthoftimewewillrememberit.Inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem.Wecontinuetolistentoandremindourselvesofwordssuchas"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"andchildhoodtalessuchasCinderellaandGoldilocks.Wenotonlylearnbutoverlearn.Themultiplicationtables(乘法口诀表)areanexceptiontotheeeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------68.Theauthorexplainsthelawofoverlearningby_________.A.presentingresearchfindingsB.settingdowngeneralrulesC.makingacomparisonD.usingexamples第405页 阅读词汇、文章及作者态度题吴军破解规律词汇答题秘诀12：模凌两可处如何处理？向该词就近信息点靠拢！向高频答案词特征靠拢！选择范围大的！【2011重庆卷A篇】Therewasagardenerwholookedafterhisgardenwithgreatcare.Towaterhisflowers,heusedtwobuckers.Onewasashinyandnewbucket.Theotherwasaveryoldanddilapidatedone,whichhadseenmanyyearsofservice,butwasnowpastitsbest.56.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dilapidated”probablymean?A.DirtyB.DarkC.Worn-outD.Plain-looking.被动答案特征！作者态度题秘诀11：高频答案词caring（关心的；有同情心的）【2012天津卷B篇】45.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMs.Yates?A.Reliableanddevoted.B.Toughandgenerous.C.Proudbutpatient.D.Strictbutcaring.【2012辽宁卷B篇】61.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefamiliesoftheastronautsontheISS?A.ThearecaringandthoughtfulB.TheareimpatientandannoyedC.Theareimpatientandannoyed.D.Theareexcitedandcurious.第405页 【2010全国Ⅱ卷A篇】45.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBrownie?A.ShyB.PoliteC.BraveD.Caring更多阅读高分秘术和高频答案词尽在2013高考英语阅读3天提分秘术教案中.艺考生和体考生只要记住阅读高频答案词,就有可能70%正确,再结合吴老师的2013高考英语阅读高分秘术(技巧密籍:www.sypeterwu.com),一本,二本不再是梦!同时也为考重点大学满分攻略带来了答案原理依据!现在可以开始预定吴军2013高考英语高分秘诀系统教案啦!单买：2013高考英语阅读3天提分秘术教案原价5000元现6折3000元2013高考英语完形3天提分秘术教案原价5000元现5折2500元2013高考英语语法词汇3天提分秘术原价3000元现5折1500元2012高考英语阅读矩阵法则教案原价3200元现3折960元2012高考英语完形易经法则教案原价3200元现3折960元2012高考英语语法词汇高频考点原价2000元现3折600元2012高考英语高频答案词一本通原价2500元现2折500元2011高考英语阅读高分密码原价3000元现2折600元2011高考英语完形高分密码原价2500元现2折500元全套：(教案不含听力,加盟文字系统版不含电子版及1年辅导和策划服务)2013吴军高考英语迅捷提分秘术学生自学版教师授课版加盟系统版第405页 辽宁卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4200元12000元20000元新课标(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4200元12000元20000元天津卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4500元12000元20000元上海卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4500元12000元20000元北京卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4500元12000元20000元浙江卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4500元12000元20000元四川卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4000元12000元20000元重庆卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4000元12000元20000元陕西卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4000元12000元20000元安徽卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4200元12000元20000元广东卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4200元12000元20000元湖南卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4000元12000元20000元湖北卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4500元12000元20000元江西卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4000元12000元20000元江苏卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4200元12000元20000元全国I(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4000元12000元20000元全国II(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4200元12000元20000元福建卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4200元12000元20000元请上www.sypeterwu.com或上百度,输入"沈阳高分英语家教吴军"查询!您孩子或许接受过一对一的大型品牌英语家教服务，甚至一线在职教师的辅导，但绝大多数的情况是，您孩子的英语分数纹丝不动甚至下降了！为什么？第405页 花言巧语的广告轰炸和信誓旦旦的保分承诺是让很多家长经不起的诱惑！其实很多品牌家教派给您孩子的家教不过是以前在马路上举牌仅值30-50元/小时的应往届毕业生而已！最终，拿回承诺的退费比登山还难，即使退了，也换不来孩子的分数和本应美好的未来！在职教师有着令人信服的耀眼光环，但该好的当然是好，但该坏的照样是坏的！重点高中的孩子并不是你在职教师教出来的，因为学苗好，都125-130分了，谁教都会一样的好！把普通学校的学生拿给在职教师教，再用在职教师滚瓜烂熟的知识点串讲辅导和拿个五三套题让学生去做，其结果，很难短期内事半功倍！什么北京XX高分突破，60分钟高考英语提分秘诀，2012高分核按纽，选择题高分模板等层出不穷，到底哪个才有效啊？与吴军高分密码有什么区别？有的用名头砸人（比如用北京或上海英语学科带头人，参加过高考出题，享受国务院特殊津贴等作为卖点）；有的用卖成功学陈XX那样的文字广告框人；有的干脆模仿或照抄相关广告文案去骗人，甄别起来，还真是有点困难！真想区别开来，其实是可以找到答案的：骗子是很好鉴别的，一是可以让您的孩子问一些高考英语中阅读和完型很具体的问题，看他或她回答的如何？另外，骗子一般都不留自己的联络地址和电话号码，只留邮箱，QQ号码和银行卡号，让你被骗之后无从寻找。另外，他们还会承诺，不满意，可以退回资料，马上退款，还负责汇款手续费，让你觉得深信不已！其实，仔细想一想，资料都暴漏了，谁拿到后都可以马上复印，若可以退的话，岂不是所有人都可以免费拿到资料了吗？比如，2011年高考的时候就有人假借吴军老师的名义实施骗局！他在网上贴吧和博客上出卖的教案根本不是吴军的核心授课教案,是免费公益版的;另外淘宝网上卖的也是假的,是武汉某某在沈阳吴军高分英语家教网站上或百度文库,英语周报英语教师网及新浪爱问共享资料上免费下载的,是可以免费得到的,然而他却卖你3000元,但其并非吴军本人核心授课教案!声明:没有与沈阳吴军本人联络,且未将款项打入沈阳吴军个人银行帐号的交易与吴军无任何关系,其后果自负!已经上当的家长,请看一下你得到的是类似如下吴军高分教案吗?不要图便宜,还是与吴军本人亲自交易吧!辨别有没有效，好不好使，其实方法也很简单:一要看你教的学生是不是真实的?第405页 广告中提分的学员是否留有学校,班级和学生真实姓名及提分幅度?这样一来,知道了班级和姓名就很容易核实了,不符则可称为诈骗,可追究法律责任!不敢留学生真实姓名,只是写上张某某(或从别处粘贴了外地高考状元的照片)并随意说提了50分是不可信的,目的也是可想而知!吴军英语的广告中声称的提分效果,都写明了学校班级和学生姓名及提分幅度,是可信的,也是敢于让公众监督的!比如，吴军英语关于提分在其官网上是这么写的：2012吴军高考英语成绩公告　　2012年高考已经结束，吴军老师今年承接了一对一或一对二，共计87位考生。其中刨出一个最高分136分（本身来时就130分左右）及考前半个月左右才来学的2位考生，平均提分36.7，再创辉煌！其中值得一提的是，吴老师所授的一名学员英语单科成绩竟然提了90多分，再次刷新了吴老师2009年创造的提73分的最高记录！令人兴奋！最高提90分，刷新2009年最高提73分记录！方美乔，鲁美附中高三3班(考前2个月内在翰林补课班上学)，考生号：12210104130592，考场在50中学,高二下学期来吴军老师处学习时,成绩最高时仅36分，通过在1年多每周一次课的学习，2012年高考成绩为126分，提分90多分，刷新了2009年吴老师创造的最高提73分的记录。作为沈阳隆方房地产公司老板的女儿，家庭条件相当优越，但其从不缺乏刻苦专研精神，最后即将以艺考482分的优异成绩考取鲁迅美术学院!重点高中在职教师不行,不妨再找吴老师试试!刘赫绅,22中高三9班,考生号：12210106150716,考场在53中学,通过某位重点高中参加过高考英语出题的在职教师近1年的一对一补课,成绩始终徘徊在70分左右,但考中国民航大学飞行员的英语小分必须达到90分.后来其母亲沈阳雏鹰小学马老师通过2011年考取一本B段涉外高护专业的沈阳4中胡兢元的母亲鼎立推荐,找到了吴军老师,此时距离2012年高考还有不到2个半月的时间,通过每周一、三、五下午17:30-19:00近30课的学习,最终将以2012年高考英语101分的成绩如愿以偿!短期火箭式提分有秘方!高考前3个月,词汇量能达到初三下学期水平,本身有强烈的提分欲望,能刻苦专研，没有心理障碍的学员，基本上，或者说2005-2012历年99%提分。徐可，沈阳4中高三0班，考生号：12210106110515，考场在15中学,总分605（过理科一本线）。2012年高考英语为125分。来时100多分，通过短期10课的学习，分数提了近20分；第405页 王天池，沈阳120中，考生号：12210105150840，考场在省实验中学，总分478（过理科二本线）。2012年高考英语为89分。来时接近40分，通过短期集中20多课的学习，分数提了近50分；袁小力，鲁美附中高三1班艺考生，考生号：12210104130667，考场在50中学,总分436。按其成绩排名基本上可以考取鲁美。通过短期集中20课的学习，其由来时的30多分，上升到本次高考66分，分数翻倍，险过小分！蒋同学，沈阳31中高三艺考生，考生号:12210102170004，考场在38中学,通过8次课的集中学习，成绩由原来的80分左右提到2012年高考英语109分！更多提分详细资料，请亲临咨询！对于携带记者证或预交1课学费者，可以全部查询相关提分信息，并任意抽查3-5位同学父母的联络方式核实！也可根据其所在学校班级，二次核实！（链接2011年吴军老师亲授学员成绩公告）吴军亲授考生共83人参加了2011年高考,去掉一个最高分东北育才本部137分,去掉一个艺考最低分(临时只学了7次课,来时33分,2011年高考61分),平均提分31.5分! 2011年沈阳高分英语家教吴军一对一亲授中考生学员共计39人，140分以上占97.17%；130-140之间为0%；120-130之间占2.73%，没有120分以下的。其中21人达到了145分或以上，有“两匹黑马”值得一提，他们一个是辽宁省实验中学北校区初三8班的杨淇，另一位是沈阳7中初三21班的童俊豪，他们来吴军老师这儿学习时均为120分或以下，本次2011年沈阳中考英语成绩均达到了146分。----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------许译鲁美附中高三1班,考生号:11210104130303；宁莹莹鲁美附中高三3班2011届高三文科艺考生,考生号:11210702130017；黄钰乔沈阳27中高三13班,考生号:11210105130331,2011年高考英语分别提高了30-55分不等，已被一批本科鲁迅美术学院和中央美术学院录取！卢涵沈阳铁路中学高三11班2011届高三艺考生,考生号:11210105130901,李奕宣沈阳同泽女中学高三3班2011届高三艺考生,考生号:112101053130422,2011年高考英语成绩分别提高了30-35分不等，已被中国传媒大学文编专业和天津师范大学播音专业录取！李晨晖沈阳2中2011届高三考生,考生号:11210103151002,总分:651分,理科,一本线重点大学,来吴军高分英语前110-120分,本次高考英语成绩为127分;杨嘉睿东北育才双语2011届高三4班考生,考生号:11210102111097,总分:559分,理科,预估一本线,来吴军高分英语前120分,本次高考英语成绩为130分;鲁菲沈阳120中7班2011届高三考生,考生号:11210105110762,总分:544分,理科,一本线,来吴军高分英语前110分,考前共学5课,本次高考英语成绩为119分。姜萧栩沈阳雨田中学初三2班考号：0610201162011年沈阳中考英语成绩为145分；第405页 杨淇辽宁省实验中学北校区初三8班考号：0510089062011年沈阳中考英语成绩为146分；王一乾沈阳雨田中学初三2班考号：0610204062011年沈阳中考英语成绩为146分；袁若琳沈阳雨田中学初三1班考号：0610211022011年沈阳中考英语成绩为144分；童俊豪沈阳7中初三21班考号：0310095212011年沈阳中考英语成绩为146分；张天爱沈阳雨田中学初三1班考号：0610194142011年沈阳中考英语成绩为144分。2012吴军高考英语3天提分秘诀辽宁卷效果示例一、知识点和词汇全部押对！举几个2012高考英语辽宁卷单选的例子：吴军老师帮您筛选的30多个形容词和副词，大家看一看，是不是都在下列备选项中？22.Weusedtoseeeachother,butIhaven’theadfromhimsincelastyear.A.especiallyB.regularlyC.particularlyD.approximately有些连知识点都不用，只是通过吴军老师教你的正负/过程和结果解题法就所向披靡了！通过正负，可知A和D可选！再通过过程和结果，可知A.withpleasure强调的是结果，说明借过后，表示荣幸，所以不符！电话还没借呢，故只有D符合。23.—I’mterriblysorrytointerrupt,butmayIuseyourphone?It’sratherurgent.—Yes,.A.withpleasureB.noburryC.itdoesn’tmatterD.ofcourse2012吴军高考语法与词汇单项选择题3天提分密码B-1第25页，Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。这儿是说根据学校规定学生在校时都必须要穿校服。24.Oneofourrulesisthateverystudentwearschooluniformwhileatschool.A.mightB.couldC.shallD.will2012吴军高考语法与词汇单项选择题3天提分密码B-2第25页，有宾语主动,无宾语被动！follow后面有宾语，with的宾语后面可加形容词、副词、分词、不定式、名词等作宾补，这儿petdog与follow构成主谓关系，所以用following.25.Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdogthem.第405页 A.tofollowB.followingC.followedD.follows2012吴军高考英语高频答案词一本通第108页，Rod喜欢拆卸钟表，然而，他从来都不能再重新装好。所以选B项。另外However两边句子相反，看到put……together,当然相反的就是takingapart啦！26.Rodlovesclocks.However,henevermanagestoputthemtogetheragain.A.takingapartB.givingawayC.makingupD.turningoff2012吴军高考语法与词汇单项选择题3天提分密码B-1第6页，one作“一个”，“一本”，“一件”等解，用来代替上文提到过的paper。相当于acopyofpaper.28.Ifyou’rebuyingtoday’spaperfromthestand,couldyougetforme?A.oneB.suchC.thisD.that2012吴军高考语法与词汇单项选择题3天提分密码B-2第13页，把你的钥匙留给你的邻居，以防你把自己锁在外面了。所以选C项。30.Leaveyourkeywithyourneighboryoulockyourselfoutoneday.A.aslongasB.eventhoughC.incaseD.asif2012吴军高考语法与词汇单项选择题3天提分密码B-3第4页，Notuntil位于句首时句子要倒装，considerhavingaholidayabroad这个动作发生在retire之后，所以用一般过去时。32.Notuntilheretiredfromteachingthreeyearsagohavingaholidayabroad.A.hehadconsideredB.hadheconsideredC.heconsideredD.didheconsider2012吴军高考语法与词汇单项选择题3天提分密码B-1第26页，在句型“It’shigh/verytimethat…”中，从句中的谓语动词用did或shoulddo.所以选D项。33.Jackisagreattalker.It’shightimethathesomethinginsteadofjusttalking.A.willdoB.hasdoneC.doD.did2012吴军高考语法与词汇单项选择题3天提分密码B-2第18页，名词性从句4个高频答案词，介词for后面加的是宾语从句，且从句中find缺少宾语，故用whatever，选C。第405页 34.ThenewcomerwenttothelibrarytheotherdayandscarchedforhecouldfindaboutMarkTwain.A.whereverB.howeverC.whateverD.whichever二、完形技巧+高频答案词，挑战高分！举几个2012高考英语辽宁卷完形填空的例子来回忆一下吴军老师的完形易经，骄傲一下自己当时精明的选择！首尾或上下段落呼应，复现解决问题！WhenGlenKrugerpickedasmallcatfromananimalshelter,hedidnotexpectmuch.Yetrightfromthestart,eightyearsago,therewasanuncommonconnectionbetweenhimandthesmallblackcat.He36herInky.“Igrewuponahundred-acrefarmandhadonlycats37playmates,”Kruger,Theseventy-year-oldman,says.“Myhearingwasdamagedbythe38offarmepuipment,soIlearnedtoconnectwith39.39.A.animalsB.friendsC.farmersD.neghbors46inapoolofbloodonthebasementfloor,Krugerfelt47goingintoshock（休克）.Heshoutedforhelp,48hiswife,Brenda,wasasleepintheirbedroomattheoppositeendofthehouse.49KrugernoticedInkywatchingfromthetopofthestairs.“GogetBrenda,”KruggersaidtoInky.Inky50tothebedroomdoorandscratched51untilBrendaopenedit.ThenInkyledhertothe52Brendafoundherhusband53thestairsandcalled911.52.A.bedroomB.basementCyardD.house通过同现解决问题！看到rushed后就知道很匆忙，故50空纠结时，通过同现校正答案，就不能误选C了，ran与rushed同现；51空是C还是D呢？Inky是猫，madly更贴切；53空，叫911送医院了，说明掉楼梯底下了。Inky50tothebedroomdoorandscratched51untilBrendaopenedit.ThenInkyledhertothe52第405页 Brendafoundherhusband53thestairsandcalled911.Krugerwasrushedtothehospital.50.A.walkedB.ranC.returnedD.withdrew51.A.rapidlyB.suddenlyC.madlyD.urgently53.A.atthebottomofB.inthemiddleofC.atthetopofD.inthefrontof通过正负解决问题！“Myhearingwasdamagedbythe38offarmepuipment,soIlearnedtoconnectwith39.Theyreacttowhattheyseeandwhatyoudo.”38.A.soundB.alarmC.noiseD.voice三、吴军英语阅读迅捷技巧+矩阵法则，挑战满分！找不到主旨句或四个选项都带中心词时，看出题点，即每段首尾句和有汉语标注的地方等，然后通过复现和同现就解决了！Astronautsonshortershuttlemissions（使命）oftenworkverylongdays.Tasksarescheduledsotightlythatbreaktimesareoftenusedtofinishtheday’swork.ThistypeofscheduteisfartoodemandingforlongmissionsontheInternaitionalSpaceSttation（ISS）.ISScrewmembersusuallyliveinspaceforatleastaquarterofayear.TheyworkfivedaysonandtwodaysofftomimicthenormalwaytheydothingsonEarthasmuchaspossible.Weekendsgivethecrewvaluable.Weekendsgivethecrewvaluabletimetorestanddoafewhoursofhousework.Theycancommunicatewithfamilyandfriendsbyemail,isternetphoneandthrohghPrivatevideoconferenes.Whileastronautscannotgotoabaseballgameoramovieinorbit,therearemanyfamiliaractiveticsthattheycanstillenjoy.Beforeamission.ThefamilyandfriendsofeachISScrewmemberputtogetheracollectionoffamilyphotos,messages,videosandreadingmaterialforTheastromautstolookatwhentheywillbefloating370kilometersabovetheEarth.Duringtheirmissiom,thecrewalsoreceivescarepackageswithCDs,books,magazines,photosandletters.Andasfromearly2010,theinternetbecameavailableontheISS,givingastronaoutsthechancetodosome“websurfing（冲浪）”intheirpersonaltime.Besidesrelaxingwiththesemorecommomentertainments,astromautscansimplyenjoytheexperienceoflivinginspace.ManyastronautssaythatoneofthemostrelaxingthingstodoinspaceistolookoutthewindowandstareattheuniverseandtheEarth’svastlandmassandoceans.63.Thepassagemainlydiscusseshowastronauts.（2012辽宁卷阅读B篇）A.workforlongermissionsinspaceB.connectwithpeopleontheEarthC.observetheEarthfromspaceD.spendtheirfreetimeinspace第405页 词汇13大解题思路使您茅塞顿开！本题仅用代入法就解决了问题！Astronautsonshortershuttlemissions（使命）oftenworkverylongdays.Tasksarescheduledsotightlythatbreaktimesareoftenusedtofinishtheday’swork.ThistypeofscheduteisfartoodemandingforlongmissionsontheInternaitionalSpaceSttation（ISS）.ISScrewmembersusuallyliveinspaceforatleastaquarterofayear.TheyworkfivedaysonandtwodaysofftomimicthenormalwaytheydothingsonEarthasmuchaspossible.Weekendsgivethecrewvaluable.Weekendsgivethecrewvaluabletimetorestanddoafewhoursofhousework.60.Whatdoestheword“minic”inParagraph1probablymean?（2012辽宁卷阅读B篇）A.FindB.CopyC.ChangeD.Lose找到minic这个动词的宾语way，waytheydothings做事的方式，Find发现？；Copy模仿？Change改变？Lose失去？waytheydothings做事的方式，当然是模仿做事的方式喽！A大于B，则选A。Inthepasttwodecades,theChinesestudiesprogramshavegainedhugepopularityinWesternuniversities.Morerecently,theChinesegovernmenthassetupConfuciusInstitutesinmorethan80countries.TheseschoolsteachbothChineselanguageandculture.ThemaincoursesofChinesecultureusuallyincludedChineseart,historyandphilosophy（哲学）.SomesocialscientistssuggestthatWesternersshouldtakeadvantagesoftheancientChinesewisdomtomakeupforthedrawbacksofWesternersphilosophy.StudentsintheUnitedStates,atthesametime,areracingtolearnChinese.SotheywillbereadyforlifeinaworldwhereChinaisanequalpowerwiththeUnitedStates.BusinessmenwhohopetomakemoneyinChinaarereadingbooksaboutConfuciustounderstandtheirChinesecustomers.65.WecanlearnfromParagraph4thatAmericanstudents______。（2012辽宁卷阅读C篇）A.haveagreatinterestinstudyingChineseB.takeanactivepartinChinesecompetitionsC.trytogethighscoresinChineseexamsD.fightforachancetolearnChinese65题根据题干关键字Americanstudents文章定位，就近原则参考点为racingtolearnChinese.有些同学在A和D之间纠结。如果确实区分有困难的话，可以根据“A大于D，则选A。”原则，则选A。第405页 矩阵法则解题:出题点;与中心词沾边;答案特征;答题步骤;核对规则.69.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?（2012辽宁卷阅读D篇）A.Thecustomerswhocannotpaycanwordasvolunteersinstead.B.MorevolunteerswillgotonewOrleansforthehurricanecleanup.C.Manynewcafeswillbeopenedtoofferfreelunchesinthetown.D.Thelunchmenuhasremainedthesamesincethecaféwasstarted.69题出题点在尾句,更有出题信号词instead ;选项中A是前后矛盾的句子,符合答案特征;选项A中含有的volunteers是文章反复出现的中心词,所以答案就可以选A了.四、洞穿7选5秘诀,吴军高考英语运筹帷幄！答题步骤:首句定位;排比;逻辑关系;指代+同现或复现;连接词+同现或复现;先易后难,缩小范围,从而高分突破!HowtoMakeFriendsFriendshipisaveryimportanthumanrelationshipandeveryoneneedsgoodfriends.Goodfriendshiphasmanybenefits.Itofferscompanionship,improvesself-worthandpromotesgoodhealth.Therearetimesinourlivessuchaswhenwehaverecentlymovedintoanewtown,orchangedourjobsorschools.Suchchangesoftenleavesuswithoutafriend71.Butformanyofustheprocessisdifficultandrequirescourage.Belowaresomehelpfulsuggestionsonhowtomakeandkeepfriends.1.Associatewithothers.Thefirststeptomakingfriendsisassociatingwithotherpeople.Youcangotopublicplacestomeetnewpeople.Besides,youwillneedtomakeyourselfknownbybecominganactivememberofsuchplaces.2.StartaconversationStartingaconversationisthesecondmostimportantstepinmakingnewfriends.72Youcanalwaysstarttheconversation.Beingabletomakesmalltalkisaveryusefulskillinrelatingwithotherpeople.3.73Choosingfriendswithcommoninterestsisimportantinbuildingfriendshipastheseinterestswouldalwaysbringyouandyourfriendtogether,Hangingoutwillalwaysbeapleasantexperience.4.Letitgrow.Itisagoodthingtostayintouch.However,trynottopressyournewfriendwithcalls,messagesorvisitsasthiswouldlikelywearhimorheroutandfinallyyoumayloseyourfriend.74.Thebestfriendships第405页 aretheonesthatgrownaturally.5.EnjoyyourfriendshipThebestwaytoenjoyyourfriendshipistoallowyourfriendstobethemselves.75Trynottochangethemfromwhotheyaretowhatyouwantthemtobe.Becomethekindoffriendyouwillwantyourfriendtobetoyou.A.Becheerful.B.Dothingstogether.C.Donotwaittobespokento.D.Trynottofindfaultwithyourfriends.E.Makingnewfriendscomeseasyforsomepeople.F.Forafriendshiptodevelopyouneedtostayintouch.G.Soyouwillneedtogiveyourfriendtimetoreacttoyou.71空发现复现词friend,根据吴军高考英语7选5法则转折关系(形容词或副词相反,转折),选E;72空根据吴军7选5法则同现原则,spokento与conversation关联,所以选C;73空看到每段都是祁使句,而只有B项中有与原文中的复现词together,所以选B;74空就近原则指代一致you,复现一致yourfriend,所以选G;75空后面有them,说明前面有复数名词,再加上否定句结构排比Trynotto,所以75空选D.五、改错探秘,吴军教案看7遍,错点全部找到！DearDiana,Thankyouforthelovelydaywehavewithyou.ItwassokindforyoutoletusbringAnne"shadoffriend.Gina.Unfortunate,theonlyproblemwasthejourneyhome.TherehadbeenaterribleUnfortunatelyaccidentonthehighwayand,foraresult,therewasalonglineoftrafficforatleastsixmile.Inasmilestheend,wedrovetoaservicestationandwaitedthereunlesstheroadwasclear.Inthecarparkuntilhere,Ginanearlygotknockedoveras∧cardroveoutfartooquicklyfrombehindalorry.TheythereaWefinallydroppedGinaoffatherparents"andmadeourownwaytohome.第405页 请购买2012高考英语3天提分秘诀教案(增购7选5和改错版)的顾客仔细核对:1.第1句have→had,参考吴军改错教案一23页,由后面的was可知，这儿应该用过去时态。2.第2句for→of,参考吴军改错教案二3页押中原题,It’skindofyou为固定用法。3.第3句Unfortunate→Unfortunately,参考吴军改错教案一18页押中原题,用副词作状语。4.第4句for→as,考吴军改错教案二2页,asaresult固定搭配。5.第4句mile→miles,参考吴军改错教案一4-5页,mile是可数名词，并且前面是six.6.第5句unless→until,考吴军改错教案二4-5页,这儿后面一句是一个时间状语从句，意思是我们一直等到路通了。7.第6句here→there,参考吴军改错教案一16-19页,叙述的是别的地方发生的事，所以用there.8.第6句car前加a,参考吴军改错教案一1页,car不是特指，并且是可数名词，所以前面要加a.9.第7句they→we,参考吴军改错教案一9页押中原题,叙述的是我们做的事，所以用we.10.第7句去掉to,参考吴军改错教案二2页押中原题,makeone’swayhome中home为副词，所以前面不用介词to。2013吴军高考英语迅捷提分秘术!版权所有,侵权必究!同行抄袭可耻,转载注明出处!二册上单词归类识记一、词中词（复合词）Unit1within;prep.with+in在里面；在……范围内；和……一起在里面undertakev;t.&vi.从事；着手做；承担(undertook,undertaken)；助记：在下边（地下）；从事（地下）工作;engagev.从事；订婚；gage抵押品；挑战；担保;agriculture;n.农业；农学；agri(土地）+culture文化，农业农学是一种文化（艺术）-ure名词后缀；research;n.探索；调查；研究;搜寻，查找；助记：单是寻找search还不够，要再研究调查，搜集资料wheelchair;n.轮，wheel轮+chair椅复习peel剥（削）皮disable;vt.使丧失能力dis不+able能够；使不能够做某事；disabledadj.残废的;intelligence;n.智力；天才；助记：在我头脑里就有天才的;misunderstandvt.误会，误解；助记：不理解；就在下边under站着stand，在下边站着就不会误会或误解;seek(sought,sought)vt.&vi.寻找；探索；追求;助记：寻找到kscanvt.浏览；助记：细看能看见“s”;比较skin（发音相似）;curious;adj.好奇地cur(e)IOUS好奇;第405页 observe;vt.观察；察觉；遵守；庆祝；助记：察觉ob在服役/务二、减字记忆法heaven；n.天；天空；词中词：have；he+ave+n;n.助记：他(w)在波浪似的天空；scientific;adj.科学的；-tific+ce-fic+stscience;n.科学scientist;n.(c不发音)；谐音“赛恩斯”science；consciencen.良心；良知；adj.conscious;清醒的；有意识/良知的；三、谐音matchv.火柴“默契”联想：match比赛;换一字march前进;行军，助记：两合“火柴行军比赛;patientadj.“拍pat”它t要“耐心patience”;scanv.助记：细看(scan)S形“浏览”;microphonen.麦克风;谐音boundaryn.助记：邦德bound（007主角）被绑在“边界”；sciencen.助记：赛恩斯先生对科学“C”保持沉默，c不发音;Unit2media;n.“媒”me体“体”是“宣传工具”;[pl.复数]medium;reliable;adj.可信赖的;rely=dependon确实是能够;复习：relic遗物；留下的遗物relic;是可靠的;reliable;valuableadj有价值的；贵重的responsible;honourable;unforgetable；firen.burning燃烧;flame;火焰;复习：fibre;纤维；纤维少了b才能燃烧;beonfire着火；对……充满热情/激情passion激情；热情;复习：emotion情绪;mood;心情,情绪;(精神)状态;[pl.]喜怒无常,脾气不好;face;n-vt.面对；正视;复习：meetwithsurfacen.表面;necklace项链;—acerace;n.种族；比赛;editvt.编辑;ditch;壕沟；排水沟editorn.编者；主笔；总编;editionn.版；版本;复习：publish;print;reasonn./vt.原因；道理;说服；推论;助记：说出真正real(儿子son的)理由；复习：real；cause;n.（引起某种结果/行动的直接）原因;causeandeffect原因与结果；真正的；真实的;reallyadv.realityn.真实；现实realizev.认识；领会;有道理的；推论；拓展：reasonable；reasonably；reasoningn.推理;rear;n.后部;rare;adj.稀罕的；珍奇的；难得;elect;vt.&vi.选举；推选;electricity；n；.电—ectreject；v.拒绝；联想：reflect反映respect；effect；subject；object;select；v.挑选；联想：connect;expectproject/protect;elephant;n.大象；形近correct；direct；collect；affect；lecture；protect；perfect；injurevt.损伤；损害；联想：injuryn.第405页 —uren.sure;future;measure;量（尺寸）；措施；联想：temperature温度；体温;treasuren.财富；近义词：harm;hurt;wound;rumour；n.谣言；传闻;换字：humour;幽默;rumour;honour;favour;colour;neighbour;informvt.通知；联想：in.form.ation消息；信息;informed消息；灵通的；见闻的;form;；n.形式；表格;联想：perform表演；演出;perform表演；演出;助记：Thebookworminuniformisinformedofthestorm穿制服的书呆子得到暴风雨的消息。relate;；v.有关；涉及;联想：related相关的；涉及的;relative相关的；相对的；n.亲戚;relation；n.关系;联想：inrelationto;talent；n.天资；天赋；才能；联想：talented；adj.联想：gift;genius;intelligent;able;ability;talen.故事；传说;lent借lend过去式;switch；v.开关；转换；助记：女巫witch用魔法（wit）/机智转换开关；联想：switchon=turnon;witch;n.女巫；witchcraft魔法；妖术;present；n.礼物；助记：（提前pre送sent礼物）adj.在场；出席vt.呈现；描述；介绍；赠送；助记：presence；n.出席；在场；存在;effort；n.努力;联想：effect影响；结果;passion；n.助记：热情很快过去；联想pass;passenger客人；乘客;spirit;n.精神，酒精联想：spiritualadj.inspiration;灵魂mind;soul;spiritual;AIDS;n.艾滋病；AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome;addict;vt.使沉溺；使入迷;上瘾;助记：加上添加ict就会上瘾/入迷beaddictedto=belostin;复习：drug毒品/药；medicine,pill;drawone"sattentionto/beattracted;address;n.地址；-icstrict严厉（格）的；districtn.地段街区;ignorevt.不顾；忽视；联想：paynoattention;turnadeafearto;takenonoticeof不注意；忽视;attention;n.注意；专心；留心；联想：at.ten.tion；attentiveadj.专心致志地;复习：payattentionto注意；专心;-oremore;bore厌烦;score(二十）therefore；因此;tolerate;vt.容忍；忍受;词中词：to;let;ate;late;rate;复习：bear;stand;忍受;rate;比率;hate；cross;脾气不好的；易怒的;patient耐心的-anger；angry;locate;v.坐落于；位于;location;位置；position;affair;n.事情;复习：matter,thing,event(大事）;fair公平的，好的;social;adj.社会的;society;n.社会；音近:appreciate;欣赏；感激;ocean海洋;socialism;adj.社会主义的；社会主义者;commune;v.亲近，亲密；relative;亲属；亲戚;community社区；乡村居委会;concernvt./n使担忧；烦恼；负责；牵连;担心；忧虑；焦急；形近词：concert音乐会;asfaras…第405页 concerned就……而言;telegram;n.电报;复习：联想：telescope望远镜;telegram电报telephone电话;complete；vt.完成；结束复习：compete完全；完美;比赛；助记（让宠物pet来比赛）;retire;；vi.退休；退职；撤退;联想：tire使累；使厌倦;bearv.使厌烦;bear出生bear忍受；负担（bear,bore,born）；同音同形：bearbear/keepinmind牢记在心;learn......byheart;attituden.态度;conclude推断/推理；conclusion;n.复习：include;包括;disappoint;vt.使失望；受挫折;point点appoint指定；约定；任命；委派;adj.+ing/ed复习：disappointmentn.guardn.守卫；警戒；保卫；门卫;yard庭院；校园；card卡片;复习：defend保（守）卫keeponwatch;citizen;n.公民；市民；居民；citizenship;polluter;n.污染者；污染源；-ute;pollute;pollution;poll;n.民意测验，舆论调查;pull推;update;vt.联想：up.date;更新；改造；最新的；upward向上;upstairs上楼;Unit3arch.itec.ture;n.建筑；联想：arch;n.弓形门；弧形;architectn.建筑师，制造者;arcticadj.北极的；ArcticOcean北冰洋;反义词：ant.arctic南极;NorthPole北极；联想：Antarctic;prefer.ence;n.偏爱；偏好；喜好；优先;prefer";v.喜欢；宁愿;名词后缀;referv.提及；涉及；参考referencen.参考；提到；参照；引用；参照物;—ence复习：confidence信心fence篱笆；栅栏defencen.保卫;design;vt.&n.设计；计划;signn.标志；记号；招牌；签名联想：resign放弃；辞职assign分配；指定;furnituren.家具（总称）；复习：leather皮革；皮制品;feather羽毛;fur皮毛；幼物）毛皮；毛皮制品;furs;further更大；更远;skin动植物的）皮;a(n)piece/articleoffurniture一件家具;-ure；ture;cure治愈；矫正;pure纯的；sure确实的；insure保险;pressure压力;measure;尺寸agriculture农业;future将来;lecture演讲mixture混合物picture图片;adventure;冒险temperature;温度literature文学;tasten.&v.对称；爱好；鉴赏；味道；味觉；换一字：waste;浪费；花费;sofan.沙发；couch;modernadj.谐音“摩登”;现代的；时髦的;复习：ancient；out-of-time；out-of-date;类似谐音外来词汇归纳：第405页 modern摩登的；guitar吉它；jeep吉普；card卡片；e-mail伊妹儿；shampoo香波/洗发精；honeyn.蜂密；花密；宝贝儿；亲爱的；honeybee蜜蜂；复习：money;grey;gray;monkey;obey；fashionn.式样；model;模型；convenientadj.方便的；con-复习;control;conclude；contribute；contribution；connect；consider；continent；containcontest;continue;conveniencen.concert；concern；condition；confident；confidence；conflict；block;n.街区；大建筑；大块（固体）;—ockcock;lock;sock;shock;clock助记：公鸡穿着袜子，刁着钟锁在大建筑里很吓人;apartment;;n.公寓房间分成一部分;apart分开;stylen.风格；式样；作风;复习：fashion:pattern,model;stand;承担联想：bear,support,suffer;passagen.段落；走道；过道；助记：pass+age;chapter章节;复习：passenger乘客passport:护照;passion热情passive被动的；消极的;uglyadj.丑陋的；难看的复习：nice;beautiful;handsome;pretty;drug药；毒品sugar糖;luggage行李;struggle斗争；奋斗;construct;v.建造；建设;structure结构;construction建设;instruction;n.指令；指示;instruct;;v.production生产；产品;product产品;produce生产;steal；(同音异形词)v.偷steel钢；iron铁；gold金；silver银;concrete;n.混凝土；具体的事物;adj.具体的；有形的；实在的复习：反义词abstract抽象的;;n.摘要;secret秘密;impress;vt.　铭刻；给……深刻的印象;联想：impression;have/leaveimpressionon;press;v.压；按杂志；出版物；言论界;联想：dress穿裙子；衣服;address地址;v.压；按杂志；出版物；言论界;Themandepressedbythepressurefromthepressexpressedtheimpressiononhim.那个受到来自新闻界压力压抑的人表达了他的印象;联想：dress穿裙子；衣服;address地址;affect;;v.影响；换一字effect影响；结论;roof屋顶；顶部；联想：roofs复数只加s;chiefs;handkerchiefs;gulfs;cliffs;proofs；助记：酋长戴着手帕；爬上房顶，看着悬崖，准备跳进海湾．balcony;n.阳台；复习chimney烟囱　lawn草坪;pass走栏；走道;fantastic;;adj.奇异的；荒诞的；fan爱好者；狂热者；……迷;taste兴趣；口味;fantasy;n幻想;空想；fancy幻想；想象；谐音："范特西";create;vt.创造；创作；创建联想：；creative;creation;复习：construction建设;助记：创造是为了吃　ate;sailn./v.帆；蓬;航行;sailor船员；海员；联想：fail失败mail邮寄nail指甲；钉子;第405页 -ailtail尾巴;tailor裁缝;　rail铁轨;pail桶;　snail蜗牛;tailor;裁缝;　rail铁轨"trail小路；小径;　detail细节"wail恸哭；哀求;medium(复数media)　媒体;方法;媒介；stand　n.看台；助记：站着看露天体育赛很悲哀;belong;vi.联想：own拥有；属于某人的;paint;vt./n涂；颜料；油漆；颜料；涂料;换一字：联想：faint晕倒；昏倒；模糊；茫然;词中词:pain疼痛；痛苦;asideadv.边；侧面；方面；观点；联想：side;takesides支持；站在……一边;sidebyside并肩;shouldertoshoulder;rentv.租用；租金;换一字：lent;bent;developv.发展；冲洗（底片）d联想：evelop(ment);eve除夕；envelope信封;poemn.诗；韵文；诗体文;联想：poet诗人poetrythem;problem;enemyn.敌人反义：friend;chemistryn.化学;联想：chemist药剂师；chemics;extremelyadv.极端；极其;联想：extreme;emptyadj./v空的;倒空;反义：full;attemptn.∕v.尝试;联想：trial;effort;regretn.∕v.遗憾;形近词:secret秘密的；forget忘记；联想：let;net网pet宠物;set放;-etwet潮湿yet;get;met;upset扰乱；使心烦;carpet地毯;intention;;n.意图；目的；打算;词中词tent帐篷;联想：intend打算；计划;recite;v.背诵;b联想：ite咬;kite风筝;quite很;非常;spite不管despite不管；不顾;-itewrite;white;excite激动;site遗址；场所；遗迹;invite邀请;madadj.疯狂的;精神错乱的；近义词:crazy;bad;dad;glad;sad;lad;小伙伴;madam(e);n.夫人；助记：夫人是跳堤坝;mad女人;dame贵夫人;dam的;damn;v.咒骂；指责;联想：damned被诅咒的；该死的;pattern;n.模式；方式；典型；式样;近义词:model模型type类型;style风格；方式;fashion;n.方式；做法；流行；时尚；patent;n./adj.专利的；明显的;dialogue;n.对话；对白;复习:line台词stage　舞台;同义词：conversation　对话联想：dial拨（电话）;dial119打119;log圆木;原木;dialect方言;diamond；联想：diary日记;sort;n./v.种类;类型;分类整理;联想：kindtype类型;种类;short短;sport运动;（加字记忆法）;fantasy;;n.想象；幻想;特色（谐音）词中词：fan(球)迷；近义词：imaginationfancy;loneliness;n.孤独；寂寞；联想：sadness;近义词：sorrow;第405页 grammar;n.语法;助记：ram前后对称RAMMAR；词中词：gram克（重量单位，简写g);hammer锤；联想：program(programme)节目；项目；程序;归类记忆：vocabulary词汇(sentence)pattern句型;(grammar)structure结构;glory;;n.光荣；荣誉；联想：lorry四轮马车；truck卡车；glorious；光荣的loyal；忠诚的;absence;n.缺习；不在;联想：absent;adj.absent-minded心不在焉的；difference不同点;district;n.地区；区域;同义词：area；reigon；strict严格的；严肃的conflict冲突;atmosphere;n.气氛；情绪；大气层;相关词：cloud云；smog烟雾；fog雾；atoms原子；粒子;passion　；热情;联想：;beonfirefor;spiritualadj.精神上的；心灵的;merely　仅仅；只不过；联想：here；where；there；simply;introduce;v.介绍；联想：intro向内　－duc-引导；生产；educate；education　教育;-ducproduce生产；conduct指导；conductor列车员;translatev.翻译;联想：translationn.trans　越过；超；转换transport　运输；交通;-atefortunate;graduate;date;gate;;hate;late;plate;skate;transplant;;classmate;;state;playmate;talent天赋;联想：tale故事；传闻；传说;tail　尾巴　pale　灰色的sale卖；销售;shade;n.阴凉；树荫；荫；暗部;联想：;sad悲哀的；悲伤的;grade等级；年级;联想：comrade　同志；persuade说服；trade商业；贸易;extraordinaryadj.特别的；平常的;联想：extra　特别的；额外的;ordinary普通的；平常的;idiom;n.习语；成语；习惯用法;联想：IDI对称;dustn./adj.灰尘；尘土;灰的；脏的；联想：just　刚刚；仅仅；公平的trust　信任；相信；industryn.工业;custom　习惯；crow;n.鸦；乌鸦；联想：blow吹；爆flow　流动；grow　生长；变成;cow母牛；奶牛low　低；show；snow　；throw扔；crowd　人群；拥挤　;powder　粉末；bowl碗；brown；town；downtown商业区；narrow弓箭;apart;adv.相隔;相距；助记：相隔一部分距离;联想：depart离去；离开；department部门；部分;essay;n.论说文；散文；随笔；联想：description;　描写（叙述）；记叙文；argument　议论文;gay;adj.　快乐；欢呼lay放；搁；（下）蛋;联想：delay推迟;recommend;vt.推荐；介绍；词中词：mend　补；修理;comma逗号;command命令；指挥;common;adj.普通的；共同的联想：;commerce商业commerical商业的;contribute;vi.贡献；捐献;联想：contribution;n.贡献attributive形容的；修饰的；attribute;n./v.特质；属性;归因于；归咎于;第405页 Unit5consist;vi.由……组成；构成;i联想：nsist　坚持;复习:makeup;bemdeupof;mystery;n.秘密；神秘;mysterious;assistant;助手;state;n.国家；政府；州；部门;联想：country国家；乡村county县；郡;statement;n.陈述；叙述；stateofmatters(materials)：gas-solid-liquid;powerful;adj.强大的；强有力的;联想：power力；功率；能力；力量；动力；电力　；幂乘方;mistaken;adj.错误的；弄错的；联想：mistake弄错；误会;narrow;adj.狭隘的；狭窄的;arrow　弓箭；箭头;republic　;共和国（体）;联想：;public公开的；公众的;联想：pub酒吧;publish;Europe;n.欧洲;联想：European欧洲的;hope;telescope;　望远镜;form;vt./n形成；构成表格；形式;形近词：from从；来自perform表演；演出performance;联想：formal　外形的；正式的；合乎礼仪的;former　从前的；以前的；前者;formula;n.公式；分子式formation形成；构成;Ａtlantic　;adj./n太平洋的太平洋;联想：lane小路；　lance长矛；鱼叉lantern灯笼；提灯;traffic;n.交通;联想：plastic塑料;basic基本/础的;联想：historic历史的music;logic逻辑topic话题;generaladj.一般的；普通的;联想：gene基因;commonordinary普通的；共同的;inflence;n.影响；作用;联想：effect影响；结果impress给……留下印象；影响;affect影响;fluency;n/adj.流畅；流利;联想：fluent流利的；流畅的fence篱笆;联想：defenece防卫；捍卫difference不同点;区别;pence(penny);（便士）复数;-enceconference会议commence开始analysis;分析;联想：basis基础；根据;基本原则;base基础;基底;地基;根据bases复数;sheet;n.被单；床单；薄板;联想：quit被子asheetofpaper一张纸feet脚meet;sweet甜的grain;n.谷物;谷类植物；联想：rain下雨；下雨才能长谷物;brain大脑；train火车；chain;-ainmain主要的；联想：pain疼痛；certain山脉；Spain西班牙；curtain窗帘;Srainbrainonthetrainisrestrained.在列车上过度用脑受到约束.Thegainedgraindrainedawaywiththerain,allthepainswereinvainagain.收获的谷物随雨水流失了,所有辛劳又白费。-wardeastward；southward；northwardtoward　朝；向afterwards后来；以后;approachvt.向……靠近；接近；联想：closetogo/comenear靠近；appreciate欣赏；感激；高兴;access进入；接近；方法（途径）;Unit6prediction;n.预言；预报；预告;联想：diction　措辞；用字;dictionary　字典;dictation　听写;predictv.预言；预测;联想：prepare准备;pre-提前；预先;　forecast；预测；预报president；　总统；董事长;第405页 precious　贵重的；宝贵的;　联想：predicate　表语;preface序言／文;prefecture县府；地区；专区;prefix前缀-surfix后缀prefix前缀-surfix后缀;present礼物；呈献；出席;联想：president　总统；董事长;president总统；董事长exact;adj.精确；正确的；严谨的;联想：exactly;inactive不积极的；被动的;positive；forecastn./v.预测；预报;联想：fore前；提前forehead前额；脑门fortell预言；预测;fore+foresee预测;联想：foresight远见;forest森林;forefinger食指broadcastn./v.广播;联想：cast;投；抛；掷;cast;trend;n.倾向；趋势；时尚;联想：fashion;减一字：tend；照顾；倾向;contemporaryadj.当代的；现代的;联想：current当今的；流行的；时尚的;currency货币；temorary临时的;【串记】Becauseofthetemperaturetempo,Itemporarilylosttempertomycontemporaryinthetemple.由于温度进度的原因，我在庙里一时地同代人发了脾气。Theemptyempire"semperormadeanattempttotemptthecontemptuousman.空虚帝国的皇帝试图诱惑那个轻蔑的人。indicate　;vt.表明；象征；预示;联想：predict;porecast;symble;象征；show；-atecreate；tolerate；graduate；updateurbanadj.城市的；都市的;联想：rural乡村的；田园的;ruralscenery田园风光city城市;countryside农村county县;ensure　v.保证；担保；保护；保卫;联想：guard;defend;insuranle　保险;system;n.系统；网；制度；体制;联想：sister　妹妹;system茎；树干；叶（果）柄；茎状物;;symbol　象征;联想：sympathy　同情心;synthesis;synthesize　综合；合成;consumern.消费者；用/客户;联想：consume;sum总结；小结summary总结；摘要goods商品；货物；good复习：tradebusiness；purchase购买；购置物;联想：chase追赶；追求;bargain购买；讲价；讨价还价;tinyadj.极小；微小的;联想：tin罐头；听筒;huge　巨大的;check；支票；chepue;cash　现金；;联想：cashcrops经济作物;cash　现金；现款;remainvi.保持不变；剩下;联想：main　主要的;stay;keep;importancen.重要性;联想：import出口;entrance入口；通道;distance距离performance演出；表演;regularadj.有规律地；规则的;联想：irregular不规则的;medicaladj.医学的；医疗的;联想：medicine药；医学;chemical；physical；political;dealn./v.对付；处理；分配;（dealtdealt);dealwith;dowith;handle;physician;n.医生；内科医师;联想：musician;politician政客；政治家;physical物理学(P.E体育课）cure;n./v.治疗；治愈;联想：treat;incuriable　不可治疗的；无法治愈的;biochemistry;n.生物化学;联想：biology；chemistry;educate;v.教育;联想：educator教育家；教育者;education教育;第405页 distance;n.远处；远方；距离;联想：distant距离/远的;assistant辅助的；助手assistance援助;hopeful;adj.有希望的；怀有希望的;promising有希望（前途）的;cheat;vt./vi.欺骗;联想：heat热；加热;chat聊天;hat帽子wrist;腕；腕关节;联想：wristwatch手表;分类记忆：palm手掌；掌心thumb拇指　;forefinger食指arm手臂shoulder;elbow;肘；胳膊肘（writ;knee;ankle踝等的弯曲部分）;require;vt.vi要求；需要;联想：request　需要；要求;need;demand;复习:一坚持insist；二命令order;command；三建议advise;suggest;recommend；四要求；require;demand;request;urge;(宾语从句中常用should加原形；)programme；n./v节目；计划；规划；程序;按计划；列入节目单;联想：progress进步；project项目；规划;reality；n.现实；真实;联想：real;activity　活动；活动性;absurd;adj.荒谬的；不合理的；荒唐的;un联想：reasonable不合理的;abstract抽象;incredible;beancurd豆腐；Unit7quiz；n.竞赛；比赛;联想：test测试;match；n./v.比赛;联想：math竞赛;compete；false；adj.错误的；假的；伪造的;错误；联想：fault;error错误;mistaken；virus；n.病毒；病原体；毒素;联想：thus因而；如此；via　凭借；通过；经过；经由;联想：visa　签证；在护照上签证；blood；n.血液;flood洪水；水灾;联想：food　食物;goods　商品；货物;good;wood木头;wooden木制的；注意：-oo-oo　除“食物food”发长音外，其余发短音;（脚短食物长）prevention；n.预防；阻止；联想：prevent；v.event事情；事件；defensive；adj.defensive；防御的；防守的；防卫;联想：defenceless无防备的；fencen.篱笆；栅栏;联想：defence防卫；保卫;defend等于guard;protect保护；保卫；persuade;vt.说服；劝说;联想：advise　劝说；劝告;advice；　illness;n.病；疾病;联想：disease;treatment;n.治疗；对待；处理;联想：cure　治疗incurable不可治疗的;curious　好奇的；deal　对待；处理；　regard/lookon……as;unprotected;adj.无防卫的；无保护的;联想：protect；defend；prevent;sex　性别;fax;n.传真;tax税；联想：wax　蜡;next；text;lackn./v.缺乏；没有;back;adj.black黑色；联想：pack包；行李;track足迹；行踪backpack背包;attack进攻；袭击;proper;adj.合适的；适当的;联想：suitable合格的;right;probably;adv.可能地;联想：pro-　向前；代理;progress;pronoun;projoct;programme第405页 -per每个；per-全；透；贯；完全;perfect　完全的；完美的;联想：persuadeavailable；adj.可利用的；可达到的；有效的;avail有用；有利；有效；discourage；vt.使泄气；使失去信心;联想：courage勇气;discouraged;discouraging；cheer　；v.使兴奋；使高兴;联想：pioneer;先驱enpineer;montaineer　登山者specialist　；n.专家；专科医生;联想：expert专家specialadj.专门的；特别/殊的;联想：especial特别;particular特殊的；特定的；个别的；个人的；meaningful；adj.有意义的;意味深长的;联想：mean;meaning意思；涵义fierceadj.激烈的；凶猛的；强烈的;联想：fire火一般的；猛烈;strong;wildcell；n.细胞；小房间；单人房间;联想：cellphone=mobile　手机；radiation；n.放射；发射；辐射;联想：radio；power　；n.力；力量;联想：powerful;recover；v.重新找到；弥补;discoveruncover　揭开;remove　移走；搬开；rely；vi.依靠；dependon;relic遗址；fightv.struggle斗争；奋斗；+with/against/forcountrary；adj.相反的；相对的;联想：country　国家；乡村;opposite　相对；相反；对面；-ary;-rylibrary;dictionary;contrast　对照；对比；categoryn.种类；类别；范畴;联想：cat　猫;glory光荣;kind;sort；type类别；类型；；Unit8aid；n.援助；救助；助手;联想：help；assitance　帮助；救助；drown；v.溺死;联想：dawn　黎明；拂晓dask　黄昏down;　向下;drawn画画(drow)过去分词；flood　洪灾；水灾;联想：bleed(bled;bled)　出血；流血；choke　窒息；呛住;联想：coke=cocacola　可乐；焦炭；wire；n.电览；电线；金属丝;联想：fire;tire;retire;hire;admire；container；n.容器；集装箱;联想：contain　包括；包函；容纳;certain　肯定；确定；electrical；adj.电的;联想：eletricity;电;electric电的；和电的；scream；vi.呼啸，发出刺耳的声音;联想：cream;乳酪;icecream　冰棋淋;team队；团队；组witness；vt.目堵；目击；证据；目击者联想：;wit　机智；智力；心智；智慧；witch　；n.女巫;　联想：witchcraft　魔法；妖术；proof；n.证据;　联想：evidence　证据；证明wisdom　；n.智慧;联想：intelligence　智力;kingdom;calmadj./v镇静；宁静的;平静;联想：quiet　安静;silent　无声;still　静止；不动；panic；v./n.惊慌；恐慌;联想：picnic野炊；野餐;hurry匆忙;inahurryumbulance；n.救护车;助记：俺不能死；第405页 tip；n.v.小费；顶尖；赏钱；尖端；指示;使倾斜；给小费;联想：top顶端;pit洞；坑；陷阱;dip；slight；adj.轻微；少量；纤细的;联想：light　轻的;flight航班；飞行；chest；n.胸膛；胸腔;联想：;nest　巢;rest　休息;circulate；vi.循环；环流；流通;联想：circle循环；circular圆形的；环形的;circulation循环；pulse；n.脉搏；跳动;谐音：怕尔死：词中词：use;bloodvessel　血管；脉管；wound；n.创口；伤口；创伤;联想：harm；hurt；injure；injury;found创造；建立；成立；缔造；blanket；n.毛毯;联想：carpet　地毯;blanket空格;bracket括号;　blankmotorcycle；n.摩托车;联想：motor　发动机;motto　箴言；格言;motorbike；electric；bike电动车；sudden；adj.suddenly;allofasudden　突然;（by)accident/chance意外tape；n.磁带;tap　水龙头;联想：pat　轻拍;loose　；adj.松散的；减一字：　lose　丢失;联想：tight　紧的;firm　紧；坚固的;bandage　；n.（谐音）邦狄牌绷带；band　乐队；explanation；n.explainv.解释pronounce；v.发音pronunciation；联想：noun名词；pronoun代词；Unit9ecology；n.生态；生态学；联想：technology技术biology生物学;eco-system/environment生态环境coal；n.煤;联想：coat　衣服；外衣;charcoal炭;carbon;summarise；v.概括；总结;s联想：ummary总结；概括;sumup　总结;summer　夏天；content；n./adj内容；目录;满意；满足的;s联想：atisfied;satisfying;tent帐篷；representative；n.代表；典型;联想：represent代表；呈献;present　出现；呈现killer　；n.杀手；杀虫剂；止疼药;联想：murderer　谋杀者；杀人犯;pain-killer　止痛药；access；n.接近；进入；进入／接近的方法;联想：approach=close　接近；进入；靠近；violence；n.侵犯；强/猛烈;联想：violent强/猛烈的;fence篱笆defence保卫;sentence句子commenceconflict；n.冲突;联想：demonstration　示威；游行parade　peace；n.和平;联想：atwar　交战;pea;war;found“屁是我放的”perprep.每；每一；按照;联想：percent　百分之;period时期；时代alternative；；adj.n.选择的;两者取一;联想：alter改变;native;本族的；土著的;nativelanguage　本族语defend；n./adj.防卫；保卫；为……辩护；联想：defence;guard;protect;incorrect；adj.不正确的；不妥当的;联想：correct正确的;correct正确的;incomplete　不完全的affect；vt.影响；感动;联想：effectn.影响；作用；效果;perfect完美的;object物体;第405页 -ectsubject科目；主题；文体;联想：expect期待；期望;collect收集；聚集;direct直接的；respect尊敬;profect保护；保卫;lecture演讲;premier；n.总理；首相;联想：prime　主要的；首要的;primeminister　首相；总理；primary　第一的；首要的；基本的;联想：primaryschool　小学；stress；vt.着重；强调;压力；紧张;联想：actress　女演员;dress　裙子;address　地址;tension；n.拉紧；张力；紧张；不安;联想：tense;紧张的；tent;tend;equality；n.相等；平等；公平;联想：equal;fair;fairness;cruelty残忍；残酷responsibility；n.责任；责任心;联想：responsible负责的;respond负责；回答;beauty；difficrlty；willingness；n.愿意；心甘情愿;联想：content;willing愿意的；甘愿的;　情愿的;harmonyn.协调；和谐；和睦联想：;harm伤害；损坏wipe；vt.擦；揩;联想：pipe管子；烟斗;ripe熟的；成熟的；script；n.手稿;联想：description描述;describeadvise；vt.劝告；劝说；提建议;联想：advice建议；意见;persuade说服；劝说；Unit10frighting；adj.害怕；恐惧;联想：frightened;surprising;frightening;shockedterrified;surprised;frightened;shocking;;terrifing；hurrycane；n.飓风；联想：hurry　匆忙;cane　棍子;erupt；v.爆发；喷发；联想：hurry　匆忙；cane　棍子;interrupt;打扰；interrupt；v.打扰；干扰;联想：disturb;bother;bury；v.埋葬；掩藏;联想：;funeral;tomb　坟墓comb　梳子;ash；n.灰；灰尘;联想：trash垃圾;rubbish;dirt;dust;污垢dirty脏的;flash动画；mud烂泥sudden；adj.突然的；意外的;联想：allofasudden;suddenllyspot　；n.少量；点;联想：sport　运动’;pot;sight；n.情景；视线；视觉；视野;联想：;fight；light；night；right；tight;sign叹息-ightslight轻微的;flight飞行；航行kight;fright恐惧delight高兴mightmay（过去时）　flee；v.逃走;run；away；联想：escape；(fled;fled);fee;费用；free;urgevt./n催促；强烈希望；鼓励;强烈的欲望;联想：edge边缘border　边界arrival；n.到达;联想：arrive+at/in;(小/大地方)；survival　幸存；trialbath；n.浴缸；浴室;联想：athe洗澡;bathtubepillow；n.枕头;联想：low　低的;联想：pillow　枕头要靠低的，靠高了要吃药pill（药片／药丸；　immediately；adv.立即；马上;联想：atonce;immediate;adj.　fresh　；adj.新鲜的;联想：flesh　肌肉;flash　闪烁；动漫；web　网；联想：WWW　世界万维网；net　网；　internet　因特网；第405页 inch　英寸;联想：foot(feet)　英尺；board；n./v船弦；甲板；登机；上船;联想：onboard在（船/甲板/机）上；blackboard；黑板形近字：broad宽的；广阔的steamboat　；n.汽船；汽轮;联想：steam蒸气;gas煤气；汽油;unbelievable；adj.不可相信的；难以置信的;联想：uncomfortable　不舒适的;believe　相信；-ableunreasonable毫无道理的;unthinkable不可想象的;unimaginable不可想象的crash；n./v破裂；崩溃;坠毁;联想：trash垃圾;dash冲；跑；破折号aloud；adv.大声地；高声地;联想：loud大声；高声的;readaloud朗读;　speakaloud;reading　；n.读数；阅读；联想：read;swear；vi./vt.诅咒；宣誓(sworesworn);联想：wear　穿；戴(woreworn)；词组短语：asthough=asif;livetrough　度过；经受住;allofasudden=suddenly　突然knockabout　漫游;onboard　上船;calmdown镇静，平静drawlone’sattentionto吸引注意力athand在手边advisesb.(not)todosth.劝某人（不）做某事advisedoing建议做某事wipeout消灭，擦干净takepartin参加inharmonywith与……协调theUN-UntiedNation联合国incaseof假使，以防inthecaseof在……情况下alistof清单keepinmind记住freefrom不受……影响payattentionto注意contributeto为……作贡献=makecontributiontoingeneral一般地，大体地lightup照亮；使……放光彩playwith玩耍；游戏callup召唤；使想起fillupwith用……装第405页 fallinlovewith爱上……relate…to与……有关goup上升，增长cheerup使振奋；使高兴起来put…together把……结合成整体；装配二册下单词速记Unit11solaradj.太阳的；日光的，比较：sun太阳　grammar语法；particular特别的，比较：lunar阴历的，月球的，lunarcalendar阴历mankind人类，联想man,humanbeing,people,person,constitution;n.宪法；basiclaw;联想constitute;v.组成；构成；任命；设立institute;n.协会；学会support;v.&n.支持；维持；赡养；复习：supper;port,super超级daily日常的；每日的=everyday复习:friendly;lively;likely;lovelyachieve;v.获得；取得复习achievement词中词ache疼痛economyn.经济联想economicadj.经济的zonen.地区；地带；形近area,belt;district;timezone时区bone骨头;形近clone;克隆tone音调；phone电话;private私人的；个人的反义public复习形近gate;mate;rate;hate;fate;late;(　大门；同伴；比率；讨厌；命运；迟到)grasp;vt.抓住；掌握；理解形近grass草＝master,catch;follow;understandperfect;adj.完美的；极好的，绝对的；arrange;v.安排；筹划　词中词range范围，setfootin＝到达，涉足；踏上;have/leaveaneffecton影响，产生作用；对……有效果;relyv;.依靠；　依赖；　指望；relyon依靠　；依赖　；指望;dependon;failure;n.失败;　失败的人（事）;联想fail;success;cometolife　活跃　；苏醒过来;valley　　;n.　山谷，溪谷；　低凹处base　　　　　基地；　根据地　；底部;mark　;n.　标志　表示　做记号　打分数agency　　;n.机构　;代理处形近agent代理商organ　　;n.器官比较:organize组织；organization;n.组织;forward向前比较：向后backward;toward朝；向；afterward后来；以后upward向上；downward向下;putforward提出；建议；推荐；同义recommend;breakthroughn.突破；突围;比较：breakthough;march　;n.前进；　行军比较 ：March　三月；换一字：r—tmatch比赛（谐音：默契）;aim　v&n目的；目标；瞄准；近义purpose;goalaim(sth.)at旨在；　目的在于；瞄准;第405页 announce　　;vt.宣布；　宣告；=declare词中词noun名词　announcement　　;n.　evolution;n.发展；　进化；　revolution革命battle　　;n.战斗；　战役；　比较：　fight;struggle;bat蝙蝠；　拍子；球拍strategy;n..助记吃ate的策略Unit12fiction;n.小说=novel；形近dictionary字典;belief;n.信仰；信念=faith复习trust;believein;ballon;n.气球；助记气球是球ballbotany;n.植物学；复习biology;生物学zoology;动物学geography；地理学apply;n.应用；申请联想application;n.applyto/for向……申请；应用appliedadj.应用的；实用的比较apple;appreciate欣赏；感激;servant;n.仆人；公务员联想servevt.服务;whale;n.鲸鱼；词中词hale强壮的；矫健的比较pale;tale苍白的；故事传说;huntern.猎人词中词huntn.打猎；搜索减一字nhut小屋；棚子huntfor=searchfor/lookfor寻找collision;n.碰撞；冲突；同义conflictcompanion;n.同伴；伙伴联想company;公司；accompany陪伴；陪同permanentn.永久的；永恒的助记per.man.ent每个per男人man都是永恒的guestn.客人联想主人;东道主host；乘客passenger比较master;guest注意u字母不发音voyage;n.航行；比较travel;journey;trip;tour；flight飞行；航班iron;n..铁；联想metal；copper;gold;silver;tin金属/铜/金/银/锡environment环境中有铁ironaboard;adv.在船/机/车上；上船；登机;词中词board木板；cupboard;blackboard橱柜/黑板比较abroadadv.到国外/海外lamp;n.灯；油灯联想light电灯换一字damp潮湿的dislike;vt.不喜欢同义hateprisoner;n..囚犯；犯人prison监狱gentle;adj.温柔/和的近义soft;kind联想gentleman绅士marble;n.大理石jade玉石；珠宝shore;n.岸；海边；近义beach;coastluggage;n.行李(总称)近义baggage;形近cabbage白菜brilliant;n.辉煌的；杰出的；耀眼的；近义outstanding；remarkable;extraordinaryphenomenon;n.现象；(复数)phenomena助记没有no男人men在onPHE上的现象;第405页 labour;n.劳动；助记我们的our劳动在实验室lab干;hesitate;n.犹豫；踌躇助记他he犹豫地作着sit吃ate;butcher;n.屠夫谐音bu不切她hercurtain;n.窗帘；助记肯定certain要挂窗帘;lip;n.嘴唇；换一字dip浸泡；tip小费；提示;Unit13cube;n.立方体/块形近tube试管cubic;adj.立方体的；square平方的；广场sailor;n.海员；船员；水手sail航行benefit;n&v..利益；好处;transport;n.&v.运输；运送transportation;range;vi.在一定范围内变化；变动形近arrange安排;unique;adj.唯一；独特助记唯一的选择就是“由你去/克”（谐音）;hydrogen;n.氢;形近dragon龙oxygen;n.氧词中词ox牛；公牛；relative;adj.相对的；;n.亲属；亲戚联想relate;related;relation;relativity;berelatedto；relationship;solid;n.&adj.固体；固体的；坚固的；联想液体liquid;词中词so+lid如此“坚固的”盖子lidfreezing;n.&adj.冰点；极冷的；冰冷的；freeze;v.结冰词中词free自由的freedom自由;pureadj.纯净的形近sure;gramme=gram;n.克；形近grammar语法programme;节目；项目hammer锤联想kilogram（me）千克；telegram电报，mass;n.质量；团；大块；比较；quality;质量quantity数量float;v..飘；漂流形近boatdecrease;v.变小；减少联想反义increase增加substance;n.物质；主旨；stance例子=example形近subject;物体subway地铁；distance距离centigrade;adj..摄氏温度词中词cent分+grade度；percent百分之；recent最近的absorb;n.吸收；吸引同义attract,drawinthus;adv.如此=so;形近bus;plus加上stable;adj.稳固的；牢固的=steady；solid；助记桌子table是稳固的sensitivea;dj.敏感的；灵敏的；联想sense感觉；感官；trust.;v.相信；信任=believein联想faith;belief;havefaith/beliefinnursery;n.保育院；育儿室词中词nurse护士;recreationn.娱乐；消遣；词中词creation；create创造第405页 Unit14civil;n..国内的拓展civilization文明；开化murder;v.&n.谋杀拓展murderer杀人犯；谋杀者prisoner囚犯youth;n.青年；青春；复习youngrevolution;n..革命；形近pollution；revolute旋转；变革slavery;n.奴隶制；词中词slave奴隶wave;cave;save;brave;pave波浪/洞穴/救/勇敢/铺（路；街道）；pavement人行道soul;n.灵魂；心灵；精神heartandsoul全心全意地联想body;flesh;spirit肉体；躯体/肌肉/精神arrest;vt.逮捕；拘留；助记抓到监狱里去休息rest联想unrest骚乱；冲突;separation;n.分开；隔离;复习separate;;v.反义connection;contact;link/touchrace;n.种族；赛跑;加一字trace跟踪；痕迹;复习surface;necklacemarriagen.婚姻；结婚;marry结婚;联想wedding;forbidv.禁止；不许notallowfor+bid反义permit;allow;vote;n.选举；投票;加字devote献身于；贡献;花时间/精力在……上;politicaladj.政治的；联想politicsn..政治；politician;demand;v.要求近义require;request注意从句中要求用should+原行（虚拟语气）boycott;n.&v抵制;抵抗助记男孩boy喜欢抵抗;lawyer;n.律师；law法律;助记律师是“老爷”（谐音）；legal合法的；法律的racial;n种族的；比较race种族discrimination;n.歧视；区别拓展discriminate;v.crime;n.犯罪；犯法联想prison;prisoner;murder;act;n.法令；条例；动作；行为；行动拓展action;active;actor;actress;activitybill;n.议案；帐单；钞票助记生病ill了付帐单；形近pill药丸religion;n.宗教;形近relics文物；遗产;independence;n.独立；自主；自立depend依靠；拓展rely；independent独立的unconditional;n.无条件的；绝对的；词中词condition条件abolish;n.废止；废除;拓展getridof;breakawayfromprejudice;n.偏见；成见juice汁；果汁助记pre提前形成的偏见；近义preference;diceregardless;n.不管；不顾；不理同义neglect;omit复习regard看待；对待第405页 chapter;n.章；回；篇;词中词cap帽子;hat;cat;apt;复习passage;段落paragraph段ridiculous;n.可笑的；荒谬的;复习funny;incrediableUnit15upset;adj.苦恼的；心烦的；助记人倒着放肯定难过心烦;airline;n.航线；航班；航空公司联想flight航线；航班fly;n.苍蝇联想飞；航行downtown;n.&adj市中心；城市商业区(的)avenue;n.大街；通道;词中词venue会场；集合地点;altituden.纬度形近attitude态度联想longitude经度guarantee;v.保证；确保近义ensure;保证insure保险;gather;n.集合；聚拢近义collectfeast;n.享受；盛宴形近beast兽类词中词eastdip;v.洗澡；浸泡联想deepgym;n.体育馆gymnastics体操analyses;v.分析；analysisn.chatv.聊天；助记猫cat戴着帽子hat聊天budget;n.预算词中词bud花蕾；get得到;拓展expense;cost;incomerate;n.价格；费用；速度；比率--atedate;gate;late;mate;hate;日期/大门/迟到/同伴/讨厌；恨visa;n.签证；联想passport护照arrangementn.安排；整理arrangev.range在一定范围内变化cheque=check;n.支票；cash现金currency;n.货币；通货;相关money;billcurrent;adj.当前的；通行的；流通的;Unit16entry;n.进入；许可比较entrance；enter；反义exit;mental;n.脑力的；精神上的；智力的;联想spirit;soul;形近medal;奖章metal金属;physical;adj..身体上的；物理的；比较physics;suffering;n.痛苦；折磨；苦难第405页 比较suffer;pain;difficulty;hardshipgreedyadj.贪婪的；渴望的比较greedn.反义generous;;trader;n商人；tradev.贸易unemployment;n.失业；比较unemployedadj.失业的outofjob；相关dismiss;fire;employ;employer;employee;unrest;n.动乱；骚乱;sacrifice;n.&v.牺牲；奉献；祭祀loseone’slife;reconstructionn.重建；比较construction建设；constructformer;n.以前的；前者反义latter词中词formfuneral;n.葬礼联想bury;tomb;形近functionvain;adj.徒劳的；白费的；徒然的换一字main;pain;rain;lain;plain；chaineventually;n.最后；终于；词中词even比较event事件；赛事；finally;atlast;intheend;dawn;n.开端；黎明；换一字down向下；加一字drown溺水；drawn画画（过去分词）overcome;n.克服；战胜（overcame;overcome）比较getridofinsist;vi坚持；形近resist；抵制assist援助;sister;chiefn.&adj.首领；酋长；上司；主要的;注意复数形式chiefs;比较handkerchiefs形近belief;thiefafterwards;n.后来；以后近义laterwidespread;adj.分布广的；普遍的wide+spreadspread传播；传遍比较wildlife野生动物rot;n.腐烂；堕落换一字pot;hot;lot形近carrot;萝卜parrot鹦鹉supply;v.&n.供应；供给；形近supper;super;applychain;n.链条；连锁；一连串比较plain；pain;gain;main;willing;adj.愿意的；心甘情愿的近义content心甘情愿的Unit17disability;n.残疾；无能；比较ability;能力able,disabledsidewalk;;n.人行道；=pavement(英)waist;n.腰部词中词wait等待拓展waistbelt腰带waistband腰带waistcoat背心=vest形近waste第405页 fair;n.商品交易会/展览会；公平的；公正的；拓展unfairjusticepotential;n&adj..潜力；潜在的；可能的词中词pot；tentguidance;n.指导；引导；指引比较guide导游；指导；向导gifted;adj.有天赋的；天资的;同义talentedassist;vt.援助；帮助；同义aid;help形近resist;insistsympathy;n.同情（心）；词中词path;形近symbol象征encouragementn.鼓励；鼓舞encouragev.近义inspirevisuala;dj.视觉上的；视力的比较vision;view;adjust;v.调整；调节近义adapt词中词justcandy;n.糖果；同义sweet词中词can形近candleniece;n.侄女；外甥女词中词nice联想nephew；侄子；外甥cousin堂弟兄；表姐妹;ceremony;n.仪式；典礼；形近harmony和谐;victory;n.胜利；形近history;factorydignity;n.尊严；尊贵；高贵；词中词dig近义noble;loyal;participate;vi.参与;参加+inici对称比较:attend;join;takepartinpart;部分;pat拍;pate头顶;conductvt.引导；主持；控制比较lead;direct;guide;control拓展conductor列车员；指挥；director导演;accessible;adj.可使用/得到的/进入;复习access;available;entry;entrance;Unit18vest;n.马甲；内衣换一字rest;best;lest;pest;west;背心=waistcoat;heel;n.鞋跟；后跟；加一字wheel车轮；peel;patent;n.专利（权）；词中词tent;patofficer;n.公务员；官员；职员；比较official官员；高官；clerk;staff词中词office办公室;petrol;n.汽油；词中词宠物pet；形近control控制；trollybus电车同义gas;background;n.背景；back+ground比较backpack背包;第405页 reject;vt.拒绝；同义refuse形近select;affect;reflect;elect;detect;possibility;n.可能性；助记三个I;一个y近义chance;potential;词中词possible;形近ability;otherwise;adv.否则；要不然=or;助记other+wise;connection;n.联系；连接；联结；近义touch;contact;relation;previous;adj.以前的；先的；同义former反义latter;拓展curious;dangerous;serious;poisonousaware;adj.意识到；知道的；形近software;软件hardware硬件；近义know;realize;recognizetrial;n.尝试；试验；审判比较try;arrival;近义experiment;test;attemptrider;n.骑手；骑马/车者；dusty;adj.肮脏的多灰尘的；词中词dust灰尘；拓展dirty;windy;cloudy;funny;sunnypilot;n.飞行员；词中词plot;阴谋；情节lot许多；pot;锅;拓展flight;飞行storage;n.储藏；储存；拓展store;v.restore;glue;n.胶水；形近clue信索;暗示blue;true;typewriter;n.打字机type打字+writer;Unit19merchant;n.商人；词中词met;man;hat；can;ran;catmercy吝悯；同情同义trader;businessman;助记昧（谐音）良心的商人词中词chant反复吟唱；单调地重复；单调的歌/曲；crown;n.王冠；皇冠;词中词crow;鸡叫/啼cow;奶牛own自己的/拥有；row;排；行；划船换一字drown;downmercy;n.吝悯；同情；仁慈；merciful近义sympathy;；kind反义cruel残忍crueltyenemy;n.敌人;反义friend;benefit;gene;general；ENE对称reasonable;adj.有道理的；合情理的词中词reason;sonjudgement;n.判决；判断词中词judge;n&v.判断；审判；法官gentlemenn.绅士；助记温柔的男人gentle温柔的；拓展soft;hard;greetingn.招呼；问候；greetv.打招呼；问候；近义wave;挥手；致意envy;n.妒忌；羡慕；近义jealousadmire;形近navy海军；助记恩威（谐音envy）并施；招人羡慕envytroublesome;adj.令人烦恼/麻烦的；讨厌的；形近tiresome累的；令人疲倦的词中词trouble;accuse;v.指控；指责；形近excuse;第405页 近义charge;consequence;n..结果；后果;近义result;effectfortune;n.运气；机会；大笔钱拓展fortunate;fortunately;luck;lucky;fate;bargain;n.&v.讨价还价；谈判；交易；协议；助记在酒吧bar里讨价还价；获得gain廉价交易;bless;vt.祝福；保佑；词中词lesslegal;adj.合法的；法定的；复习law;lawyer词中词leg;deed;n.行动；事迹；换一字deep复习indeed确实；的确;surgeon;n.外科医生；形近surname姓；surprise;pigeon鸽子;requirement;n.要求；需要；规定词中词require;近义request;demanddeclare;v.宣布；宣称；近义announce;court;n..法庭;词中词our换一字course课程；过程process;justice;n.正义；公平；同义fair;unfair；fairness;unfairness形近adjust词中词just;icetherefore;adv.因此；所以；so;thusworthy;adj.值得的；应得的；同义deserve;worth;worthwhile;kindness;n.仁慈；好意；近义mercy;sympathy;反义cruelty;punish;v.惩罚；punishmentn.近义blame;scold;责备形近foolishorder;n&v.命令；下令；秩序；顺序；订购；预定sword;n.剑；刀；助记口服蜜剑;complex;adj.错综复杂的；难解的；simpleUnit20decoration;n.装饰;装潢；decorate;v.spear;n.矛；枪；梭镖词中词pearn.梨；ear;联想Shakespearpotn.锅；罐；壶；联想pan平底锅top顶部；emperor;n.皇帝；拓展king国王；queen皇后；prince王子；princess公主；王妃pin;n.针；别针；形近pine松树clothing;n.衣服（总称）联想cloth布；clothes衣服distinction;n.区别；对比；近义differencecentimeter;n.厘米；联想kilometer千米millimeter毫米clay;n.粘土；泥土；联想earth;mud;land第405页 arrow;n.箭；形近sparrow麻雀联想bow弓dozen;n.打；十二个dozensof许多的;联想score;二十cushionn.垫子；垫石；助记坐垫子就像坐酷刑（cushion谐音）一样；mat坐垫;spare;adj.备用的；额外的；业余的v.腾出；抽出（时间）；形近speartendvi倾向于；趋向；v.照顾；换一字mend;bend;lend;send;depend;approximatelyadv.接近；近乎；大约approach途径；方法同义way;method;meansaverage;adj.平均的；普通的复习cage;message;damage;villagecabbage;baggage;lorry;n.卡车；同义truck；形近glory；光荣link;vt.联系；近义connect;join;contact;touch;monumentn.纪念馆/碑助记（谐音）（牦牛）纪念馆;homeland;n.祖国；home+land;status;n.地位；身份形近statue雕像；塑像；state国家；州；状态；陈速；叙述；remote;adj.遥远的；偏僻的distant远的quantity;n.大量；数量quality质量mask;n.面具换一字task;accompany;v.陪伴/同词中词company；公司联想companion同伴vast;adj.巨大的；庞大的；换一字cast;抛；投；撒vase花瓶；vest背心形近last;fast;cast;square;n.&adj.广场；平方；方形的;联想diamond菱形的；triangle三角形round;trianglen;.三角形；angle角；形近angel天使;短语：setfootin涉足；到达haveaneffecton对……影响……relyon=dependoncometolife苏醒；复活；putforward提出aimat旨在；瞄准setout出发；上路makealiving谋生applyto申请inpublic公开cutup切碎第405页 benefitfrom得益于；受益于；alltheway一路上；一直takeadvantageof对……加以利用giveoff释放avarietyof各种各样的putinprison把……投入监狱setanexampleto/for给……树立榜样fromthenon从那时起startwith以……开始regardlessof不管；不顾atfirstsight乍一看lookinto调查everynowandthen不时地get/betiredof对…..厌倦cooloff冷却；变凉takeachance冒险；碰运气invain白费insiston坚持putout出版；产生；扑灭inturn依次；轮流getround=getabout活动；四处走动getusedto习惯于allowfor顾及；为……做准备getstuck困住breakawayfrom摆脱；脱离beawareof知道意识到afterall毕竟payback偿还keeptrackof保持联系havemercyon怜悯asfarasIknow就…..而言=intermsofatthemercyof由……摆布/控制lendahand帮助第405页 高三册词汇速记Unit1beard；胡须；近义：复习：moustache;嘴唇上的小胡子；联想:bear熊；出生；忍受；支持；背，负担，负载，负荷；承担；复习;bear/standdoing；voyager；旅行者；复习：voyage,旅行；travel;journey;trip;tour；tight；紧的；紧密的;反义：loose;松的；tighten;v复习:firm;stable;steady;fasten;tough;edition；版本;复习：edite;editor编辑、主编；publish;comeout;makeup;编造brewery；啤酒厂；复习:beer;wine;alchol；酒精;alcoholic;drinks;spirit;brandy白兰地;whiskey威士忌；softdrink;coffee;coke;tea;conclude;conclusion;推论；达成；结论；复习：reach/arriveat/cometoconclusion/drowconclusion得出结论；复习:agreement;/compromise和解;infer；推断、理；hire/employ；v.雇佣；租用；反义;nemploy;fire；复习:dismiss;rent;v.出租；租借;比较:lent;cent;tent;length;长度；复习:long;width—wide;high----height;depth---deep;warmth;health;wealth;althletic/athlete；远动（员）（的）；复习：player;sport;/match/game/sportsmeet/compete//competition;fade；v.【谐音】“废的”；----凋谢、褪色；复习：diedown;inarow=onebyone;oneafteranother,一个接一个；接连不断地inthefirstplace;=firstfoall,aboveall;首先；复习：inthelastplace；比较;tobeginwith;ontheonehand;ontheotherhand;foronething;foranotherthing;account；叙述；账目；帐户；复习：count;数数；计算；重要；算数；take…intoaccount/consideration考虑;attempt;vt./n=effort尝试；企图；努力；复习:tempter;n.脾气；复习：temperory暂时的；contemporary当代的；current;suitable;adj.合适的、恰当的；复习:proper;besuitable/fitfor;fit;besuitedto;applyfor申请；请求；applyto适应；应用；复习:applicition;applicant求职者；inspect;v.视察；检查；复习:check;examine;test;confirm;v.证实；确认；复习:assure;insure,makesure;/besure;insect(昆虫)；复习：害虫pest;certificate;v.证书；证明；复习:/diploma文凭；、proof/evidence/turnouttobe;prove;bid;(bidbid);喊价；投标；比较：charge;bargain;联想：forbid;禁止decade；十年；复习：annaul每年的，anniversary,周年纪念；dozen/十二score二十；fortnight十四日、两周；第405页 committee;.委员会；复习：commit犯罪、犯错；commitacrime犯罪，committo委托；交给；【串记】Thecommitteeadmitsitcommittedanomissionincommissioningthemission.委员会承认它在委任使团时犯的疏忽。fasinate;v.迷住；使神魂颠倒；比较：puzzle;strike;belostin/beaddictedto;burst;v.(burst;burst)intocrying/laughter突然哭、笑起来；比较：explode;爆发；爆炸；bomb炸弹；underline;vt.下划线；强调；复习：underlined;adj.划线的；强调的；比较：undertake;underground;globe;n.地球（仪）;复习：global;adj.全球的；universe;universal;比较：earth;形近：rob;抢；bush;n.灌木（丛）；形近：brush刷子；毛笔；push;推；woods;forest;skillful;adj.熟练的；有经验的；联想：esperienced;expert；admininstration;n.管理；行政机关；复习：authority权威；权力；比较：manage;rule;control;;govern;government;【串记】IntheAdministration,thisministerisinchargeofregisteringregional在内阁中这个部长负责登记区域宗教。permission;v.permit允许；许可；比较：admit;allow;familiar;adj.熟悉的；befamiliarwith;比较:family;strange;centreon/concentrateon/focuson集中……注意力。以、把……当作重心；laystresson;强调；helmet;n.头盔；安全帽；词中词：meet的过去式：met.比较:mask;面罩，面具truly；true的副词；honestly;loyal,earnest,sincerely;(写信结尾客套话)；比较:faulse;fault;,real;delight;乐趣，高兴；delighted;adj.词中词：light;比较:joy,happiness;pleasure,energetic精力充沛的；充满活力的；比较:energy;power;strength;force;cautious;小心的；谨慎的；比较:careful;register;n.注册；登记；复习：复习：sign;签名；报名；skim;v.浏览；略读；比较:scan;lookthrough;比较:sailfish（旗鱼）-----selfish（自私）;feat;n.（功绩；成绩）-----feast(宴会)；afeastfortheeyes;大饱眼福；比较：achievement;Unit2evaluate;v.评价；估价；比较:value;价值；评价；珍惜；认为……价值高；复习：thinkhighly/muchof;【串记】Ididn"tevaluatetheblueglueduetothevagueplague.因为不明确的瘟疫,我没有对蓝色胶水估价。various;adj.各种各样的；复习：vary;v.variety;n.；allkinds/sortsof;alter;change;differ;inthenameof/hope…inexchangeof归纳：inhonourof/favour/need/search/want…注意：有the和无the的区别；inreturn报答；回报African;非洲人；非洲的；—an—ian：人；Canadian；musician,physician,musician;第405页 ambassador;大使；谐音助记：大使说：“俺是不怕死的”。embassy大使馆（谐音助记）：“俺怕死”。形近：embarrass尴尬；窘迫;wander；v.徘徊；漫游；游荡；形近：wonder;existence;存在；v.exist;比较;being,humanbeingsurvive;v.存活；幸存；arrive;accurate;adj;准确；精确；比较：exact;navy;海军；复习：airforce空军；army;军队；形近比较;envy嫉妒；羡慕；treasure;n财宝；财富；V.珍惜；珍爱；看重；比较：precious珍贵的；宝贵的；wealth/y财富（富有的）；fleet;n.船队；舰队；词中词：flee（fled;fled）逃跑；逃走;fee费用；feet脚、英尺；command;v.命令；指挥；控制；注意;宾语从句中用虚拟语气(should)加动词原形：一坚持；insist；二命令；order;command;三建议；advise;suggest;propose；四要求；demand;require;request;claim;五渴望;desire;；六催促、敦促；urge;setsailto/for/from启航；复习sail帆；航行；sailor;海员royal;n.王室的；皇家的；复习：noble高贵的；形近：loyal;忠诚的；zebra斑马；symbolic;adj.复习：symbol;n.象征;represent;代表；volunteer；自愿者;自愿者说：“我能”谐音-eer;pioneer;engineer;beer;radium镭；形近：medium;媒体;radio;收音机；sum总额；总数；复习：summary;总结；概括；摘要；summer夏天；dam；堤坝；复习;damage;损坏；毁坏；accomplish;v.完成；实现；形近：复习：accompany;陪伴；复习：be/getaccustomed习惯于；apartfrom=besides;除外（还有）；sickness;disease疾病；复习:ill；sicksacred；神圣的；宗教的;上帝的，神的。复习;scared害怕；runout；用完；耗尽；复习;useup;bewornout;aircraft;aeroplane;plane;飞机；飞行器；第405页 arise;升起；上升；出现；复习：rise;evidence;n.证据；证词；复习：proof;证明；evident;明显的；复习：obvious;clearchairman主席；董事长；复习：president;总统；praise;v.赞扬；称赞；复习：raise;proud;pride’UNIT3strait；n,海峡；比较：复习：straight,adj&adv.直的；笔直的；trait,特征；特色；street;街道；fellow;adj.&n;同伴；伙伴;比较：follow;跟随；听懂；明白；allow;允许；同义：permit;反义：forbid;criminal;n.罪犯；adj.犯罪的；复习：crime犯罪；复习：prison(er),jail,murder(er);rob;claimvt.&n.要求；声称；(should+v原形)；govern;vt.管理；统治；复习：governor;总督；州长；复习：government;rule;control;handle;asaconsequence(of)=asaresultof,结果；由于；resemble;vt.像；类似；复习：besimilar/equalto;（be）like/as；symble;象征；符号；diverse;adj.多样的；不同的；复习：diversity多样性；复习:differ;vary;different;various;transform;改变；转移；改造；复习：trans-transfer;转移；换车；translate;翻译;translation.translator;n.transpplant;移栽；移植；transport;transportation;交通；transmit;传送=deliver;immigrate;n.immigrationv.移民；复习：immediate(ly);立即；马上；同义：rightaway;atonce;straightaway;instantly;directly;withoutdelaystrengthen;v.加强；巩固；复习：stong;strength;pronunciation;n.发音；pronounce;v.复习：dialect;方言；复习：accent;口音；oral;口语；口头的；spoken;vocabulary;词汇；复习：grammar;语法；pattern;句型；idiom；短语；习语；femal;女性；复习：male;男性；mate;=fellow;同伴；复习：classmate;workmate;roommate;=match;成配偶；配合；搭配concept;概念；观念；复习：except;breakout爆发；突然发生；（不用被动）；=happen;takeplace;breakthrough;突破；重大进展；breakthrough;chew;嚼碎；回味；复习；jaw;下巴；lip嘴唇；chin;面颊；beard;小胡子；moustache嘴唇上的胡须；feed…on;喂养；饲养；复习feed…to把……喂给；live…on;dependon;entire;adj.全部的；整个的；完全的；复习第405页 :complete;total;altogether;adv.mine;n.&v.矿；矿井；地雷；开矿；开采；复习：我的;mineral;矿物；矿藏；金属；复习：metal;material;物质；材料；fence;篱笆；栅栏；围墙；复习：defence;defend;防卫；防御；roundup;使集合在一起；赶拢；比较：gather;outdoors;adv.在户外；复习：indoors;在户内；birthplace;出生地；复习：birth;outing;远足；郊游；复习：;outer；inner；lemonade;柠檬；汽水；lemon谐音：柠檬；barbecue;烧烤；野餐；复习：picnic;roast;vt.烤；bake;焙；烤；复习：toast;敬酒；干杯；steak;排；牛排；复习：beef牛肉；barrier;n.屏障；障碍；复习：bar;酒吧pointed;adj.尖的；直截了当的；复习：sharp;claw;vt.&vi.&n.爪子；挠；刮；hairy;多毛的；毛发的；复习：bushy;灌木茂密的；丛生的；medium;中等的；媒介物；传导体；媒质，基质，介质，介体；中间物;massmedia大众传播媒介；宣传工具；Unit4procedure;n.步骤；程序；手续；复习：process;step;rose;n,玫瑰（花）；复习-rise的过去式；arise;产生；发生；复习：rise;strawberry草莓；复习：strawhat草帽；bunch;n.束；串；团；abunchofrose;复习：brunch;早午餐；复习：lunch;午餐；merely;adv.仅仅；只不过；=only;singly;=alone;herb;草药；草本植物；复习：hero;英雄；classify;编排；分类；复习：catalog;sort;grade;比较：satisfy;identificationn.验明；鉴别；=proof;identify;v.=prove;IDcard身份证；promote;提升；促销；复习：improve;arise;advance比较;remote;遥远；botanicalbotany;adj./n.植物学（的）；复习：biologyprivilege;n.特权；特别待遇；复习；village;村庄；preference;偏爱；偏好；cosy=comfortable;舒适的；第405页 appetite;胃口；食欲；欲望；复习desire;enthusiasm;taste;appeal;恳求；上诉；吸引；wealth;富有；财富；=riches;richness;prosperity;反义：poverty;appoint;vt.任命；约定；appointment;约会；date;约会；复习：disappoint;使失望;disappointed;disappointing;disappointment;calculate;计算；推算；同义：evaluate;workout;estimate;calculator;计算器；astronomy;天文学；复习：astronaut;宇航员；spaceman;expense;n.成本；费用；复习：expensive;昂贵的；enterprise;n.企业（单位）；事业；复习：venture;project;company;career;settlement;开拓；定居；解决；复习：settle;accumulate;vt.积累；聚集；增加；复习：gather;gettogether;复习：accurate;准确；精确；abandon;vt.离开；遗弃；复习：desert;deserted;throwaway;band;pineapple;菠萝；pine松树；复习：apple;tone;色度；色调；语气；音调；复习：tune;调旋；调节（音量）；ton;吨（重量）；reward;n.&vt.报答；报酬；复习：award;inreturn;technical;technique;technology;技术（的）；复习：technician;技术员；复习：skill;skilled;skillful;experienced;nowhere;adv.&n.无处；任何地方都不；altogetheradv.总之；完全地；总共；复习：completely;thoroughly;entirely;appearance;外表；外貌；出现；复习：appear;出现；disappear;feature;characteristic;trait;outputn.产量；产品；输出；复习：product;input;latter;adj.后者的；比较：late;later;former;前者；distinguish;vt./vi.区别；辨别；复习：differ;tellfrom;tellthedifferenceof/from;millimeter;毫米；复习：kilometer;centimeter;indetail详细地；复习：specific;name…after,给…取名；命名；passaway去世；复习：die;yearafteryear年复一年；年年;复习：yearbyyear;逐年；lookoutfor；警惕；留心；复习：watchout;lookout;onalargescale；大规模的；大范围地；Unit5convey;vt.表达；运载；复习：express;transmit;transport;advertise;vi./vt.登广告；做广告；复习：advertiser;advertisement;make…known;announce;brand;商标；牌子；复习：band;乐队；班派；consideration;n.考虑；体贴；take…intoconsideration考虑；复习：consider;vt第405页 charge;n/v.主管；价钱；控告；充电；loss;lose;n;v.损失；blame;vt./n.责备；谴责；责怪；归咎于；注意：betoblame(不用被动)；复习：scold;broadcast;(broadcast;broadcast);广播；播出；postvt.张贴；邮寄；复习：postoffice;postbox;postman;deliver;mail;react;vt./vi.反应；复习：respond;reflect;annoy;Vt./vi.;使烦恼；恼怒；复习：annoying;adj.讨厌的；恼人的；复习：tiresome;upset;frustrating;boring;accuse;vt.控告；控诉；复习：charge;associate;Vt./vi.使发生联系；使结合；复习：connect;contact;touch;join;appeal;vi/n.+to;吸引；呼吁；上诉；复习：charge;accuse;attract;draw/catchone’sattention;frequent;频繁的；时常发生的；复习：constant;normal;regular;figure;数字；价格；图表；画像；复习：number;count;form;shape;diagram;graph;drawing;；figureout想象出；salesman/saleswoman;售货员；复习：sale;sellprofit;利益；利润；复习：interests;benefit;income;campaign;vt./vi.运动；战役；复习：war;battle;fight;action;activity;policy;政策；方针；形近：police;polite;复习：document文件；principle;原理；原则；stragety;策略；spokesman;/spokesman发言人；illegal;非法的；不合法的；复习：legal;criminal;unlawful;target;目标；靶子；复习：aim;goal;objective;intention;sneaker;胶底运动鞋；复习：sneak;偷偷悄悄走；潜行；nowadays；adv.现在；目前；复习：atpresent;currently；atthemoment;nephew;侄子；外甥；复习：neice侄女;助记：侄子是新的（new）；侄女是漂亮的（nice）waitress;女服务员；复习：waiter;actress;hostess女主人；女主持人；复习：heroine;女英雄；bridegroom;n.新郎；复习：bride新娘；attachvt.系；贴；附上；复习：attachment;discount;n./vt.打折；折扣；count;数数；计算；account;说明解释；账目；账单bonus;n.奖金；复习：reward;medal;pointout指出；复习：pointat指向；getacross传播；为人理解；=makeknown;appealto吸引；第405页 inchargeof管理；复习：inthechargeof被……负责；handinhand手拉手；关系密切；makesense;有意义；讲得通；复习：nonsense;废话；无意义；commonsense常识；常理；UNIT6quit;(quit;quit)vt./vi.停止；放弃；复习：stop;giveup;pause;break;applyto运用；应用；复习：applyfor;addup加起来；复习：addupto加起来达到；loseheart灰心；泄气；注意：不用one’s或the;复习：loseone"sbalance失去平衡，跌倒。loseone"shead被斩首；被搞糊涂。loseone"slife丢了性命circumstance;环境；情况；=environment;复习：condition;situation;surroundings;assessment;n.评价；评定；复习：assess;V.估价；评定；evaluate;estimate；biscuit;饼干；烤饼；alcohol;酒精；烈酒；复习：wine;beer;goat;山羊；复习：sheep;绵羊；flour;面粉；复习：flower花；floor;地板；nail;指甲；复习：sail航行；mail邮寄；tail尾巴；fail失败；razor;剃刀；刮脸；剃胡须；复习：shave;bedding;n.铺盖；被褥；复习：sheet;床单；quilt被单；blanket毛毯；复习：carpet;地毯；beyond;prep./adv.在……外；超出；远胜；leavebehind落后；留下；；同义：fallbehind;ox;n.公牛；复习：cow;cattle;frontier;n.边疆；边界；同义：border;edge;side;boundary；loseone’sway迷路；比较：loseheart;saltyadj.含盐的；咸的；复习：salt;thirsty;catchy;吸引的；cosy;舒适的；pondn;池塘；复习：pool;swimmingpool;fishpond;pound磅；英镑；=453.6克，略作1b.或1b.英镑＝100便士，略作￡或L〕。apoundnote一张一英镑钞票。apoundofflesh;bythepound按每磅(计价)burden;n.负担；责任；同义：load；desperate;n.绝望的；极其严重的；beastn.动物；兽类；复习：animal;cattle;bird;第405页 accustomedadj.习惯的；通常的；复习：getaccustomedto习惯于；starvation;n.挨饿；饿死；复习：starve;gohungry;anxiety;n.担忧；忧虑；复习：anxious;adj.shallow;adj.浅的；复习：deep;深的；allow允许；swallow;吞咽；燕子；cometoanend结束；复习：putanendto;tax;税；复习：fax传真；taxpayer纳税人；anniversary;周年；周年纪念日；复习：peryear;比较：necessary;dictionary;granddaughter/son；孙女、孙子；grabdfather/motherflu;流行感冒；复习：birdflu禽流感；复习：cold;cough;throat;喉咙；复习：float;boat;coat;castasrophe;大灾难；同义：disaster灾难，大祸;tragedy悲剧;ruin;relief;减轻；缓解；复习：belief;chief;deliver;投递；邮送；复习：post;mail;send;tough;困难；坚忍；艰巨；复习：hard;difficult;比较：cough;plough;enough;though;through;quilt;被褥、子；复习：sheet;bedding;比较：quite;quit;tieup;tie…to拴；捆；系；复习：fasten;packet;小包裹；小盒、袋；复习：pack;package;ray;光线；射线；复习：X-ray;shine;bark吠叫；咬；复习：dark;shout;howl;嚎叫;roar;吼，咆哮；(海、风等)呼啸，怒号；sculpture;雕像；雕刻[塑]物[品];复习：carve;figure;statue;monument;纪念碑,石碑；墓碑;memorial;纪念物，纪念品；纪念日；纪念馆；纪念碑；纪念仪式;monument;纪念碑,石碑；墓碑;复习：inhonourof;retell;复述；重说；复习：repeat;reread;重新读，再读;gofor;去努力；努力获取；复习：goinfor爱好；从事；goafter追求；复习：persue追赶;追求Unit7carefor喜爱；照顾；复习：careabout;关怀；关心(for)；介意，计较，(不)管，(不)顾，(不)问(for,about)。〔与for连用〕爱好；愿意，望，欲。careforherhealth挂念她的健康。Hecaresformusic.他喜欢音乐。careforsb."seducation负责某人的教育;bacteria;(复数)细菌；；（单数）bacterium；mediun(复数).媒介物；传导体；媒质；（单数）；追求media;powder;粉末；复习：=power;gunpowder;火药facepowder；搽脸香粉；第405页 standardn.标准；水平；规格；复习：level;scale;range;consciencen.良心；良知；词中词：science;awareness;frost;n.霜；严寒；复习：fog;freeze;handwritingn.书法；手写稿；手迹；overcoat;大衣；外套；复习：garment;wage;工资；报酬；复习：salary薪水；income；earnings；anyway;adv.无论如何；即使如此；复习：anyhow;god;n.神；上帝；复习：heaven;leavealone;不管；随……去；复习：neglect;ingore;regardlessof;admitvt.承认；准许进入；录取；同义：confess;Thechessprofessorconfessedhisprofessionalblessingintheconfession.象棋教授在供状中承认了其职业福气.foolish;adj.愚蠢的；傻的；复习：stupid;fool;silly;idoit;unwise;clap;v.拍手；鼓掌；复习：applaud;applause;partner;n.搭档；同伴；复习：fellow;mate;abundant;adj.丰富的；充裕的；复习：enough;plenty;inwantof;inneedof;需要；复习：insearchof;inhonourof;warmth;n.暖和；温和；复习：truth;health;wealth;badlyoff潦倒；穷困；反义：welloff;occupy;v.忙碌；从事；占有；beoccupied(indoingsth.,withaffairs)在做…，在忙…。occupyoneselfabout[in,with]...(正)从事…。constantadj.经常的；不断的；复习:continuous;regular;welfaren.福利；复习：fare;fee;clerk;n.职员；办事员；复习：staff;crew;haveaneyefor有眼光、眼力；composern.创作者；作曲者；复习：compose;.组成，构成novelist小说家；firm公司；商行；.坚固的，坚牢的；稳固的。复习：company;tradingfirms商行。aprintingfirm印刷公司;asfollow;如下（列举例子）;复习：asusual;像平常一样shadown.影子；阴影；复习：shade;shady;ambitionn.抱负；雄心；复习：ambitious;adj.有理想、抱负的；noble高贵的；高尚的；复习;royal;honorable;bondn.契约；债券；复习：pond;fond;第405页 indeedadv.的确；确实；goose鹅；复习：loose松的；geese(复数)；selfishadj.自私的；比较：foolish;self-introduction;bishopn.主教；艺考生的救命稻草！突破130分，快速提高30分的锦囊妙计！6步搞定任何高考英语阅读真题，一般人不告诉他（她）！2013吴军高考英语阅读理解3天提分秘术众说周知，得阅读、完形者得天下！文章看没看懂不重要，关键是要选对！高考英语阅读的核心暗示点：词和短语！题目（或题干）有暗示，秘笈为你精准导航！选项与出题点之间存在逻辑关系，3天帮您梳理！速度比完美更重要，思路比题海要有效！2013高考英语阅读3天提分秘术，既不是神人的牛B押题，也不是最牛高考班的密卷！而是沈阳高分英语家教吴军老师从2000-2012年2700多篇高考英语阅读真题答案内幕规律衍生出的迅捷提分秘诀！2013高考英语阅读3天提分秘术是纸质的解析讲解类自学教案，而不是如同上大课般的名师讲座光盘（如高分突破，提分宝典，四步兵法，高频考点等），你可以站着，躺着，甚至在卫生间里也可以阅读自学！立竿见影！以一顶百！9年来我们在自我独门秘笈的基础上，20%参阅了132种全国知名高考英语教案或资料第405页 （如：新东方，张清波，北京四中李俊和，管卫东，提分宝典，高频考点等）。但发现很多名师教案与高考提分关联度小，因为相当一部分名师只是把自己在考研和雅思领域的研究成果生搬硬套到高考英语教学中（讲述的高频词汇严重超纲，甚至是大学6级的），而不是深入到2700篇历届阅读真题中潜心研究，效果可想而知。还有些重点高中一线老师，将自己上课用的教案制作成光盘用以贩卖，其实质不过是高频考点和词汇的串讲，有的甚至用35%的篇章讲述如何记忆单词，而广告却说是提分秘笈，真是让人遗憾！好消息！吴军老师2012高考英语3天提分秘诀仅释放了其30%的功力，就达到了90%以上的客户满意度，为了配合文科其他科目的上市，2013年吴军高考英语将释放其70%的功力，2013年高考英语提分速度和幅度将再升一倍，看完下列示例后，还不赶紧抢购呀！目录：一、2013阅读吴军猜题秘术:备选项高频答案特征二、2013阅读吴军暗示点秒杀:备选项高频答案词三、擒贼先擒王:主旨题、写作目的题吴军答题密码四、阅读出题点与细节题吴军答题法则五、阅读文章结构、题材与推论题吴军突破秘诀六、阅读词汇、文章及作者态度题吴军破解规律2013阅读吴军猜题秘术:备选项高频答案特征（10条秘诀）秘诀一：被动结构是备选项高频答案特征！【2010辽宁卷B篇】Ihateddinnerparties.ButIdecidedtogivethemanothershotbecauseI"minLondon.AndmyfriendMalleryinvitedme.AndbecausedinnerpartiesinLondonareverydifferentfromthosebackinNewYork.There,"“I’mhavingadinnerparty"means:"I"mbookingatablefor12atarestaurantyoucan"taffordandwe"llbesharingthechecqueevenly,nomatterwhatyoueat."Worse,inManhattanthereisalwayssomeonewholeavesbeforethebillarrives.They"llthrowdowncash,halfofwhattheyowe,andthenpeoplelikeme,whodon’tdrink,enduppayingevenmore.ButifItrytousethesametrick,thehostesswillshout:"Whereareyougoing?"Andit"snotlikeIcansayIhavesomewheretogo:everyoneknowIhavenowheretogo.ButinLondon,dinnerpartiesareinpeople"shomes.(转折对比,说明前面NewYorkers评价是Self-centred.)Notonlythat,theguestsareaninterestingmix.ThelasttimeIwenttoone,theguestswerefromFrance,India.第405页 DenmarkandNigeria;itwaslikeagatheringattheUnitedNationsinNewYork.Themixislessstriking.It"slikeagatheringatBloomingdale"s,awell-knowndepartmentstore.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------61.WhatdoesthewriterdislikemostaboutdinnerpartiesinNewYork?AThereisastrangemixofpeople.B.Therestaurantsareexpensive.C.Thebillisnotfairlyshared.D.Peoplehavetopaycash63.Whatistheauthor"sopinionofsomeNewYorkersfromherexperience？A.Easy-going.B.Self-centred.C.Generous.D.Conservative.【2012四川卷E篇】Sofar,effortstocutemissions（排放）ofplanet-warminggreenhousegasesarenotseenasenoughtopreventtheEarthheatingupbeyond2℃thiscentury—apointscientistssaywillbringthedangerofachangeableclimateinwhichweatherextremesarecommon,leadingtodrought,floods,cropfailuresandrisingsealevels.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------60.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphsabouttheworld’stemperature?A.Ithasrisennearly0.2℃since1979.B.Itschangewillleadtoweatherextremes.C.Itis0.8℃higherin1979thanthatof1990.D.Itneedstobecontrolledwithin2℃inthiscentury.【2012四川卷A篇】Theseasonschangejustoutsidethedoor.Wewatchthemaplesturneveryshadeofyellowandredinthefallandnotethepoplars’（杨树）puttingoutthefirstgreenleavesofspring.Therainbowsmeltfillsthelocalsteamastheicegraduallydisappears,andthewoodfrogsstarttosinginpoolsafterbeingfrozenforthewinter.Afamilyofbirdsrulesourskiesandfliesoverthelake.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------43.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmean?A.Thechangeofseasonsiseasilyfelt.B.Theseasonsmakethesceneschange.C.Theweatheroftenchangesintheforest.D.Thedoorisagoodpositiontoenjoychangingseasons.【2012陕西卷C篇】Theauthorsofbothstudiesstressthattheserisksarerelativelysmallforhealthypeopleandcertainlymodestcomparedwithotherriskfactorssuchassmokingandhighbloodpressure.However,第405页 itisimportanttobeawareofthesedangersbecauseeveryoneisexposedtoairpollutionregardlessoflifestylechoices.SostricterregulationbytheEPAofpollutantsmaynotonlyimproveenvironmentalairqualitybutcouldalsobecomenecessarytoprotectpublichealth.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------55.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Eatingfattyfoodhasimmediateeffectsonyourheart.B.TheEPAconductedmanystudiesonairquality.C.Moderateairqualityismoreharmfulthansmoking,D.Stricterregulationsonpollutantsshouldbemade.【2012江西卷D篇】Forthosewhomakejourneysacrosstheworld,thespeedoftraveltodayhasturnedthecountriesintoaseriesofvillages．Distancesbetweenthemappearnogreatertoamoderntravelerthanthosewhichoncefacedmenastheywalkedfromvillagetovillage.Jetplaneflypeoplefromoneendoftheearthtotheother,allowingthemafreedomofmovementundreamtofahundredyearsago.　　Yetsomepeoplewonderiftherevolutionintravelhasgonetoofar.Apricehasbeenpaid,theysay,fortheconquest(征服)oftimeanddistance.Travelissomethingtobeenjoyed,notendured(忍受).Theboatoffersleisureandtimeenoughtoappreciatetheever-changingsightsandsoundsofajourney.Ajourneybytrainalsohasaspecialcharmaboutit.Lakesandforestsandwild,openplainssweepingpastyourcarriagewindowcreateagrandviewinwhichtimeanddistancemeannothing.Onboardaplane,however,thereisjusttheblankblueoftheskyfillingthenarrowwindowoftheairplane.Thesoftlighting,in-flightfilmsandgentlemusicmakeuptheonlyworldyouknow,andthehoursprogressslowly.　　Thenthereisthetimespentbeing“processed”atamodernairport.Peopleareconveyedlikerobotsalongwalkways;baggageisweighed,ticketsproduced,examinedandproducedyetagainbeforethepassengermoveagaintoanotherwaitingarea.Journeysbyrailandseatakelonger,yes,butthehoursdevotedtobeing“processed”atdepartureandarrivalinairportsareluckilyabsent.Nowonder,then,thatthemodernhigh-speedtrainsarewinningbackpassengersfromtheairlines.Man,however,isnowaworldtravelerandcannotturnhisbackontheairplane.Theworkinglivesoftoomanypeopledependuponit;wholenewindustrieshavebeenbuiltarounditsdesignandoperation.Theholidaymaker,too,withlimitedtimetospend,patientlyenduresthebusyairportsandlimitedspaceoftheflighttogainthoseextrahoursandevendays,relaxinginthesun.speedcontrolspeople’slives;timesaved,inworkorplay,istheimportantthing—orsowearetold.Perhapsthosefirsthorsemen,ridingfreeacrossthewild,openplains,wereenjoyingabetterworldthantheoneweknowtoday.Theycouldtravelatwill,andtheclockwasnottheir第405页 master.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------73.AccordingtoParagraph3,passengersareturningbacktomodernhigh-speedtrainsbecause_____．A.theypaylessfortheticketsB.theyfeelsaferduringthetravelC.theycanenjoyhigherspeedoftravelD.theydon’thavetowastetimebeing“processed”75.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Airtravelbenefitspeopleandindustries．B.TrainTravelhassomeadvantagesoverairtravel．C.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmoderntravel.D.Thehighspeedofairtravelisgainedatacost.2013阅读吴军暗示点秒杀:备选项高频答案词（17项不到90个单词）秘诀9：leadto(resultin,bringabout,cause)是选项中答案高频暗示词!【2012浙江卷C篇】Firstofall,studentsneedtorealizethatconflictisunavoidable.Areportonviolenceamongmiddleschoolandhighschoolstudentsindicatesthatmostviolentincidentsbetweenstudentsbeginwitharelativelyminorinsult(侮辱).Forexample,afightcouldstartoverthefactthatonestudenteatsapeanutbuttersandwicheachlunchtime.Laughteroverthesandwichcanleadtoinsults,whichinturncanleadtoviolence.Theproblemisn"tinthesandwich,butinthewaystudentsdealwiththeconflict.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------51.FromParagraph2wecanlearnthat________.A.violenceismorelikelytooccuratlunchtime具体!B.asmallconflictcanleadtoviolenceC.studentstendtolosetheirtempereasilyD.theeatinghabitofastudentisoftenthecauseofafight具体!【2011湖北卷D篇】ourowngenerationhasaccesstomorenutritiousfood.moreconvenienttransport.biggerhouses,betterears.andofcourse,morepoundsanddollarsthananywholivedbeforeus.Thiswillcontinueaslongaswetherethingstomakeotherthings,Thismorewespecializeandexchange,thebetteroffwe’llbe.第405页 2)BrilliantadvancesOnereasonwearericher,healthier,taller,cleverer,longer-livedandfreerthanenerbeforeisthatthefourmostbasiehumanneeds-food,clothing,fuelandshelter-havegrownalotcheaper.Takeoneexample.In1800acandleprovidingonehour’slightcostsixhours’work.Inthe1880sthesamelightfromanoillamptook15minutes’worktopayfor.In1950itwaseightseconds.Todayit’shalfsecond.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------65.Thecandleandlampexampleisusedtoshowthat.A.oillampsgiveoffmorelightthancandlesB.shorteningworkingtimebringsaboutahappierlife.C.advancedtechnologyhelpstoproducebettercandles.D.increasedproductionrateleadstolowercostofgoods.秘诀10：Control(handle,dealwith)是选项中答案高频暗示词!【2012天津卷D篇】Thosewhochoosetobecreatorslookatlifequitedifferently.Theyknowthereareindividualswhomightliketocontroltheirlives,buttheydon’tletthisgetintheway.Theyknowtheyhavetheirweaknesses,yettheydon’tblamethemselveswhentheyfail.Whateverhappens,theyhavechoiceinthematter.Theybelievetheirdancewitheachsacred(神圣的)momentoflifeisagiftandthatstormsareanaturalpartoflifewhichcanbringtherainneededforemotionalandspiritualgrowth.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------52.AccordingtoParagraph2,creators__________.A.seemwillingtoexperiencefailuresinlifeB.possesstheabilitytopredictfuturelifeC.handleupsanddownsoflifewiselyD.havepotentialtocreatesomethingnew【2012山东卷D篇】Lastyear,itwasarefrigeratorthattweeted.Thisyear,it’sWi-Fi-enabledlaundrymachinesandfridgesthatcantellyouwhenyourgroceriesaregoingbad.Thewashersanddryers,availablestartinginthespring,connecttoanysmartphonethroughadownloadableapplication.Thephonecanthenbeusedasaremotecontrol,sothemachinescanbeturnedonandoffwhiletheirownersisatworkoronthebus.第405页 Samsungsaysit’snotjustsomethingnew—theappconnectionactuallyhassomepracticaluses.“Ifyoustartedtodryclothesinthemorningandforgottotakethemout,youcangotoyourphoneandrestartyourdryerforthetimewhencomehome,soyourclothesarerefreshedandreadytogo,”saidspokespersonAmySchmidt.Thecompanyalsosaysthatwithelectricityrate(电价)varyingdependingonthetimeofday,morecontroloverwhenthemachinesareusedcanhelpsavemoney.Perhaps,butwhattheywillprobablyreallyaccomplishiswhatallgoodtechnologiesdo—enablelaziness.Ratherthangettinguptocheckonwhetherthelaundryisdone,userswillinsteadmonitoritontheirphoneswhilewatchingTV.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------73.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewlaundrymachines?A.TheycantellyouwhenyourclothesneedwashingB.TheycanbecontrolledwithasmartphoneC.TheyaredifficulttooperateD.Theyaresoldatalowprice秘诀12：miss(missing);lose(lost)是选项中答案高频暗示词!【2011全国新课标卷A篇】Thereissadlynohomemilkdeliverytoday.Bigcompaniesallowedtheproductionofcheapermilkthusmakingitdifficultformilkmentocompete(竞争).Besides,milkisforsaleeverywhere,anditmayjustnothavebeenpracticedtohaveadeliveryservice.Recently,anoldmilkboxinthecountrysideIsawbroughtbackmychildhoodmemories.1tookithomeandplanteditonthebackporch(门廊).Everysooftenmyson"sfriendswillaskwhatitis.SoIstarttellingstoriesofmyboyhood,andofthemilkmanwhobroughtusfriendshipalongwithhismilk.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------59.Whydidtheauthorbringbackhomeanoldmilkbox?A.Hemissedthegoodolddays.B.Hewantedtotellinterestingstories.C.Heneededitforhismilkbottles.D.Heplantedflowersinit.【2010江西卷A篇】第405页 Andyrodeslowlyonhiswaytoschool,day-dreamingaboutthefishingtripthathisfatherhadpromisedhim.Hewassobusydreamingaboutallthefishhewouldcatchthathewasunawareofeverythingelsearoundhim.Herodealonguntilastrangesounddrewhimtothepresent.Hecametoastopandlookedcuriouslyuptotheheavens.Whathesawshockedandterrifiedhim.Ahugeswarmofbeesfilledtheskylikeablackcloudandthebuzzingmassseemedtobeheadingangrilytowardshim.Withnotimetowaste,Andyspedoffintheoppositedirection,ridingfuriously—butwithoutknowinghowtoescapetheswarm.Witharapidlybeatingheartandhislegspumpingfuriously,hespeddowntheroughroad.Asthebeescamecloser,hispanicincreased.Andyknewthathewassensitivetobeestings(蜇).Thelaststinghadlandedhiminhospital—andthatwasonlyonebeesting!Hehadbeenforcedtostayinbedfortwowholedays.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------56.WhydidAndyfailtonoticetheswarmofbeesearlier?A.Hewasridingtoschool.B.Hewaslisteningtoastrangesound.C.Hewasgoingfishingwithhisfather.D.Hewaslostinthethoughtofthefishingtrip.擒贼先擒王:主旨题、写作目的题吴军答题密码方法一：找中心句第一段首、末句(一段末出现转折)二段一句、二句(二段对一段进行总结或否定)尾段首末句,90%在末句有汉语标注的地方!【2012全国新课标卷B篇】Honey(蜂蜜)fromtheAfricanforestisnotonlyakindofnaturalsugar,itisalsodelicious.Mostpeople,andmanyanimals,likeeatingit.However,theonlywayforthemtogetthathoneyistofindawildbees"nest(巢)and第405页 takethehoneyfromit.Often,thesenestsarehighupintrees,anditisdifficulttofindthem.InpartsofAfrica,though,peopleandanimalslookingforhoneyhaveastrangeandunexpectedhelper一alittlebirdcalledahoneyguide.Thehoneyguidedoesnotactuallylikehoney,butitdoeslikethewax(蜂蜡)inthebeehives(蜂房).Thelittlebirdcannotreachthiswax,whichisdeepinsidethebees’nest.So,whenitfindsasuitablenest,itlooksforsomeonetohelpit.Thehoneyguidegivesaloudcrythatattractstheattentionofbothpassinganimalsandpeople.Onceithastheirattention,itfliesthroughtheforest,waitingfromtimetotimeforthecuriousanimalorpersonasitleadsthemtothenest.Whentheyfinallyarriveatthenest,thefollowerreachesintogetatthedelicioushoneyasthebirdpatientlywaitsandwatches.Someofthehoney,andthewax,alwaysfallstotheground,andthisiswhenthehoneyguidetakesitsshare.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------63.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WildBeesB.WaxandHoneyC.BeekeepinginAfricaD.Honey-Lover"sHelper表转折和因果处:but,yet,however,instead,today,now,Although,so,therefore,thus,asaresult,because(since,as,for),oneofthereasonswas……,Theresultsare……ItwasavillageinIndia.Thepeoplewerepoor.However,theywerenotunhappy.Afterall,theirforefathershadlivedinthesamewayforcenturies.Thenoneday,somevisitorsfromthecityarrived.Theytoldthevillagersthereweresomepeopleelsewherewholikedtoeatfrog’slegs.However,theydidnothaveenoughfrogsoftheirown,andsotheywantedtobuyfrogsfromotherplaces.Thisseemedlikemoneyfornothing.Thereweremillionsoffrogsinthefieldsaround,andtheywerenousetothevillagers.Alltheyhadtodowascatchthem.Agreementwasreached,andthechildrenweresentintothefieldstocatchfrogs.Everyweekatruckarrivedtocollectthecatchandhandoverthemoney.Forthefirst第405页 time,thepeoplewereabletodreamofabetterfuture.Butthedreamdidn’tlastlong.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------FromParagragh1welearnthatthevillagers.A.workedveryhardforcenturiesB.dreamedofhavingabetterlifeC.werepoorbutsomewhatcontentD.livedadifferentlifefromtheirforefathers【2012全国新课标D篇】Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedstillswimaswellaseversince.Amanwhenhegetsbackwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscaninthewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandstillrideaway.Hecanplaycatchandhitaballaswellashisson.Amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"。rememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------67.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph1?A.Peoplerememberwellwhattheylearnedinchildhood.B.Childrenhaveabettermemorythangrown-ups.C.Poemreadingisagoodwaytolearnwords.D.Storiesforchildrenareeasytoremember.【2012重庆卷E篇】Inhis1930essay“EconomicPossibilitiesforOurGrandchildren“,JohnKeynes,economist,rewrotethathumanneedsfallintotwoclasses:absoluteneeds,whichareindeedwhatotherhave,andrelativeneeds,whichmakeusfeelsuperiortoourfellows.Hethoughtalthoughrelativeneedsmayindeedbeinsatiable(无止境的)thisisnottrueofabsolute.Keyneswassurelycorrectthatonlyasmallpartoftotalspendingiddecidedbythesuper-iorityHewasgreatlymistaken,however,inseeingthisderiveastheonlysourceofdemandsDecisionstospendarealsodrivenbyideasofqualitywhichcaninfluencethedenalmostallgoods,includingevenbasicgoodslikefood.Whenacouplegoesoutforandinner,forexample,thethoughtoffeeling第405页 superiortoothersprobablynevercomestothem.Thegoalistoshareaspecialmealthatstandsoutfromothermeals.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------75.Theauthorofthepassagearguesthat______.A.absoluteneedshavenolimitsB.demandsforqualityarenotinsatiableC.humandesiresinfluenceideasofqualityD.relativeneedsdecidemostofourspending【2012陕西卷C篇】Eatingtoomuchfattyfood,exercisingtoolittleandsmokingcanraiseyourfutureriskofheartdisease.Butthereisanotherfactorthatcancauseyourheartproblemsmoreimmediately:theairyoubreathe.Previousstudieshavelinkedhighexposure(暴露）toenvironmentalpollutiontoanincreasedriskofheartproblem,buttwoanalysesnowshowthatpoorairqualitycanleadtoheartattackorstroke(中风）withinaslittleasafewhoursafterexposure.Inonereviewoftheresearch,scientistsfoundthatpeopleexposedtohighlevelsofpollutants(污染物）wereupto5%morelikelytosufferaheartattackwithindaysofexposurethanthosewithlowerexposure.AseparatestudyofstrokepatientsshowedthatevenairthattheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)considerstobeof“moderate”(良好）qualityandrelativelysafeforourhealthcanraisetheriskofstrokeasmuchas34%within12to14hoursofexposure.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------53.Thetextmainlydiscussestherelationshipbetween.A.heartproblemsandairqualityB.heartproblemsandexercisingC.heartproblemsandsmokingD.heartproblemsandfattyfood写作目的题秘诀13：广告文体写作目的题一般用advertise!【2012重庆卷B篇】Toplistsarelecturingpeopleoneverythingfrom"100bookstoread".Aren"tyoujusttiredofbeingtoldwhattodowithyourtime?Nowyouhavealisttoendalllists!Takealookatthefollowingtwoexamplesfromthelistof"101thingsnottodo":……GotoSeetheMonaLisa?第405页 Theremustbesomethingaboutthemysterious(神秘的)smile.The6millionpeoplewhotheladyintheLouvreeveryyearcan’tallbewrongafterall.Buttheycanbequiteandstandinginfrontofyou,holdinguptheircamerastopreventyoufromseeinganything.Infacthardforyoutoseethepaintingclearlybecauseyouhavetostayawayfromitforsecurityread.Afterqueuingforhours,manytouristscanremaininfrontofthepaintingonlyfor15secondsmost.So,stilllongtoseetheMonaLisa?Ifyouwanttofindoutmoreaboutthelist,read101TingsNOTtoDoBeforeYouDie.Visitwww.not2dobeforeidie.co.ukandbuythebookata20％discount.63.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.ToadvertiseabookB.TointroduceawebsiteC.TocommentonpopularlistsD.Torecommendtouristactivities.写作目的题秘诀17：一般说明文写作目的题常用inform!【2012浙江卷C篇】Therewillalwaysbeconflictinschools,butthatdoesn"tmeanthereneedstobeviolence.AfterstudentsinAtlantastartedaconflictresolutionprogram,accordingtoEducatorsforSocialResponsibility,"64percentoftheteachersreportedlessphysicalviolenceintheclassroom;75percentoftheteachersreportedanincreaseinstudentcooperation;and92percentofthestudentsfeltbetteraboutthemselves".Learningtoresolveconflictscanhelpstudentsdealwithfriends,.teachers.parents,bosses,andcoworkers.Inthatway,conflictresolutionisabasiclifeskillthatshouldbetaughtinschoolsacrossthecountry.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------54.Thewriter’spurposeforwritingthisarticleisto_______.A.complainaboutproblemsinschooleducationB.teachstudentsdifferentstrategiesforschoollifeC.advocateteachingconflictmanagementinschoolsD.informteachersofthelateststudiesonschoolviolenceBut后面violence是重心！写作目的题秘诀18：新闻报道写作目的题常用report!【2012全国II卷D篇】ADDISABABA,Ethiopia-Oneoftheworld"smostfamousfossils(化石)-the3.2million-year-oldLucyskeleton(骨骼)unearthedinEthiopiain1974-willgoonanexhibitiontourabroadforthefirsttimeintheUnitedStates,officialssaidTuesday.EventheEthiopianpublichasonlyseenLucytwice.第405页 TheLucyonexhibitionattheEthiopianNationalMuseuminthecapital.AddisAbabaisareplicawhiletherealremainsareusuallylockedinasecretstoreroom.AteamfromtheMuseumofNationalServiceintoU.S.tour.TexasspentfouryearsdisscusingwiththeEthiopiansfortheU.S.tour.WhichwillstartinHoustonnextSeptember."Ethiopia"srichcultureofboththepastandtoday,isoneofthebestkeptsecretsintheworld,"saidJoelBartsch,directoroftheHoustonmuseum.Thesix-yeartourwillalsogotoWashington,NewYork.DenverandChicago.OfficialssaidsixotherU.S.citiesmaybeonthetour.Buttheysaidplanshadnotyetbeenworkedout.TravelingwithLucywillbe190otherfossils.Lucy,hernametakenfromaBeatlessongthatplayedinacampthenightofherdiscovery,ispartoftheskeletonofwhatwasoncea3½-foot-ballape-man(猿人).-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------53.Theauthorwritesthistextmainlyto__.A.introduceafewU.S.museumsB.describesomeresearchworkC.discussthevalueofanape-manD.reportacomingevent阅读出题点与细节题吴军答题法则秘诀9：找到信息点后核对选项，发现照抄原文的不是答案，同义替换的通常是答案，有时结合答案特征，发现的更快！Tanni’senduringsuccesshadbeenpartmotivation(动机),partpreparation,“ThetrainingIdothatenablesmetobeagoodsprinter(短跑运动员)enablesmetobegoodatamarathontoo.Itrain50weeksoftheyearandthatkeepsmepreparedforwhateverdistanceIwanttorace….Iamstillcompetingataveryhighlever,butasIgetolderthingsgetharderandIwanttoretirebeforeIfallapart.”-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------58.Theunderlinedword“that”inthe5thparagraphrefersto_______.（此题容易错选A，但正确答案是C，怎样避开陷阱？）A.fiftyweeks’trainingB.beingagoodsprinterC.trainingalmosteverydayD.partmotivationandpartpreparation阅读文章结构、题材与推论题吴军突破秘诀第405页 推论题秘诀3：没有中心句（中心词四选项都有），尾段也没有核对点，则找出题点核对！【2012福建卷B篇】AtexactlyelevenSirPercivalknockedandentered,withanxietyandworryineverylineofhisface.Thismeetingwoulddecidehisfuturelife，andheobviouslyknewit."Youmaywonder,SirPercival,’’saidLauracalmly,“ifIamgoingtoasktobereleased(免除）frommypromisetomarryyou.Iamnotgoingtoaskthis.Irespectmyfather"swishestoomuch.“汉语标注处是出题核对点！Hisfacerelaxedalittle,butoneofhisfeetkeptbeatingthecarpet."No,ifwearegoingtowithdraw.(退出）fromourplannedmarriage,itwillbebecauseofyourwish,notmine.“Mine?”hesaidingreatsurprise.“WhatreasoncouldIhaveforwithdrawing?’"Areasonthatisveryhardtotellyou,"sheanswered."Thereisachangeinme.”Hisfacewentsopalethatevenhislipslosttheircolor.Heturnedhisheadtooneside."Whatchange?"heasked,tryingtoappearcalm.“Whenthepromisewasmadetwoyearsago,”shesaid,mylovedidnotbelongtoanyone.Willyouforgiveme,SirPercival,ifItellyouthatitnowbelongstoanotherperson?”“Iwishyoutounderstand,“Lauracontinued,“thatIwillneverseethispersonagain,andthatifyouleaveme,youonlyallowmctoremainasinglewomanfortherestofmylife.AllIaskisthatyouforgivemcandkeepmysecret."‘Iwilldoboththosethings,“hesaid.ThenhelookedatLaura,asifhewaswaitingtohearmore."IthinkIhavesaidenoughtogiveyoureasontowithdrawfromourmarriage,“sheaddedquietly.“No.Youhavesaidenoughtomakeitthedearestwishofmylifetomarryyou,“hesaid.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------61.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A.LaurahadoncepromisedtomarryPercivalB.Laura"sfatherwishedtoendhermarriageC.PercivalhadbeenmarriedtoLaurafortwoyearsD.Percivalaskedtobereleasedfromthemarriage第405页 文章取材题秘诀5：若首段有小括号,里面有新华,搜狐,网易,新浪,路透,BBC等提示,如(XINHUANET),或每段首句有具体时间信息点,则选项一定与news有关!【2012辽宁卷C篇】IfConfucius（孔子）werestillalivetodayandcouldcelebratehisSeptember28birthdaywithabigcake,therewouldbealotofcandles.He’dneedafanorastrongwindtohelphimputthemout.WhilemanypeopleinChinawillrememberConfuciusonhisspecialday,fewpeopleintheUnitedStateswillgivehimapassingthought.It’snothingpersonal.MostAmericansdon’tevenrememberthebirthdaysoftheirownnationalheroes.Butthisdoesn’tmeanthatAmericansdon’tcareaboutConfucius.InmanywayshehasbecomeabridgethatforeignersmustcrossiftheywanttoreachadeeperunderstandingofChina.Inthepasttwodecades,theChinesestudiesprogramshavegainedhugepopularityinWesternuniversities.Morerecently,theChinesegovernmenthassetupConfuciusInstitutesinmorethan80countries.TheseschoolsteachbothChineselanguageandculture.ThemaincoursesofChinesecultureusuallyincludedChineseart,historyandphilosophy（哲学）.SomesocialscientistssuggestthatWesternersshouldtakeadvantagesoftheancientChinesewisdomtomakeupforthedrawbacksofWesternersphilosophy.StudentsintheUnitedStates,atthesametime,areracingtolearnChinese.SotheywillbereadyforlifeinaworldwhereChinaisanequalpowerwiththeUnitedStates.BusinessmenwhohopetomakemoneyinChinaarereadingbooksaboutConfuciustounderstandtheirChinesecustomers.Sotheoldthinker’sideasarestillaliveandwell.TodayChinaattractstheWestmorethanever,anditwillneedmoreteacherstointroduceConfuciusandChineseculturetotheWest.Asfortheoldthinker,hewillnotsoonbeforgottenbypeopleintheWest,evenifhisbirthdayis.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------67.Thepassageislikelytoappearin___________.A.abiographyB.ahistorypaperC.anewspaperD.aphilosophytextbook文章取材题秘诀6：文章首尾句看是否有关键信息点,比如book,可能是书的前言或简介第405页 ,若有价格,与钱有关或访问某网站,则可能是广告(advertisement)!【2010湖北卷C篇】Thisbriefbookisaimedathighschoolstudents,butspeakstoanyonelearningatanystageoflife.Itsformal,seriousstylecloselymatchesitscontent,aschool-masterlybookonschooling.Theauthor,W.H.Armstrong,startswiththebasics:readingandwriting.Inhisopinion,readingdoesn’tjustmeanrecognizingeachwordonthepage;itmeanstakingintheinformation,digestingitandincorporatingitintooneselfjustasonedigestsasandwichandmakesitapartofhimself.Thegoalistobringtheinformationbacktolife,notjusttotreatitasdeadfactsonpaperfromdeadtrees.Readingandwritingcannotbecompletelyseparatedfromeachother;infact,theaimofreadingistoexpresstheinformationyouhavegotfromthetext.I’veseenitagainandagain：some-onewhocan’texpressanideaafterreadingatextisjustasineffectiveassomeonewhohasn’treaditatall.Onlyathirdofthebookremainsafterthatdiscussion,whichArmstrongdevotestospecifictipsforstudyinglanguages,math,scienceandhistory.Hegenerallyhandlesthesetopicsthoroughly(透彻地)andequally,exceptforsomeweaknessinthescienceandmathsectionsandabittoomuchpassion(激情)regardinghistorytohisstudents,thatwasahundredtimesmorethanmyhistoryteachersevergotacross.Tomydisappointment,inthispartofthebookheignoresthearts.Asamatteroffact,theydemandalltheconcentrationandstudythatmathandsciencedo,thoughthestudydiffersslightlyinkind.Althoughit’scommonlybelievedthattheartscanonlybenaturallyacquired,actually,learningtheartsisnomorenaturalthanlearningFrenchormathematics.Myothercommentisthatthetextaged.Thefirsteditionapparentlydatestothe1960s—noneofthereferences(参考文献)seemnewerthanthelate1950s.Asaresult,thediscussionmissestheentirecomputerage.Thesearesmallpoints,though,anddon’taffectthemaindiscussion.Irecommendittoanystudentandanyteacher,includingtheself-taughtstudent.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------66.Thispassagecanbeclassifiedas________.A.anadvertisementB.abookreviewC.afeaturestoryD.Anewsreport【2012北京卷A篇】第405页 TheBasicsofMath—MadeClearBasicMathintroducesstudentstothebasicconceptsofmathematics,aswellasthefundamentalsofmoretrickyareas.These30fantasticlecturesaredesignedtoprovidestudentswithanunderstandingofarithmeticandtopreparethemforAlgebra(代数)andbeyond.ThelessonsinBasicMathcovereverybasicaspectofarithmetic.Theyalsolookintoexponents(指数),theorderofoperations,andsquareroots.Inadditiontolearninghowtoperformvariousmathematicaloperations,studentsdiscoverwhytheseoperationswork,howaparticularmathematicaltopicrelatestootherbranchesofmathematics,andhowtheseoperationscanbeusedpractically.BasicMathstartsfromtherelativelyeasierconceptsandgraduallymovesontothemoretroublesomeones,soastoallowforsteadyandsureunderstandingofthematerialbystudents.Thelecturesofferstudentsthechanceto“makesense”ofmathematicalknowledgethatmayhaveseemedsofrightening.Theyalsohelpstudentsprepareforcollegemathematicsandovercometheiranxietyaboutthisamazing—andcompletelyunderstandable—fieldofstudy.Bytheconclusionofthecourse,studentswillhaveimprovedtheirunderstandingofbasicmath.Theywillbeabletoclearawaythemystery(神秘性)ofmathematicsandfacetheirstudieswithmoreconfidencethantheyeverimagined.Inaddition,theywillstrengthentheirabilitytoacceptnewandexcitingmathematicalchallenges.ProfessorH.Siegel,honoredbyKentuckyEducationalTelevisionas“thebestmathteacherinAmerica,”isadevotedteacherandhasagiftforexplainingmathematicalconceptsinwaysthatmakethemseemclearandobvious.Fromthebasicconcreteideastothemoreabstractproblems,heismasterinmakingmathlectureslearner-friendlierandlessscary.WithaPhDinMathematicsEducationfromGeorgiaStateUniversity,Dr.SiegelteachesmathematicsatCentralArizonaCollege.Hiscoursesincludevariousmake-upclassesandanumberoflecturesforfutureprimaryschoolteachers.Ifthecoursefailstoprovidecompletesatisfactiontoyou,youcaneasilyexchangeitforanyothercoursethatweoffer.Oryoucangetyourmoneyback.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------59.Whereisthepassagemostlikelytohavebeentakenfrom?A.Anewsreport.B.AbookreviewC.Alessonplan.D.Anadvertisement第405页 文体结构题秘诀4：指定段落有aman,oneman,suchas等信号词时,结构为举例(examples).【2012江西卷D篇】　　Yetsomepeoplewonderiftherevolutionintravelhasgonetoofar.Apricehasbeenpaid,theysay,fortheconquest(征服)oftimeanddistance.Travelissomethingtobeenjoyed,notendured(忍受).Theboatoffersleisureandtimeenoughtoappreciatetheever-changingsightsandsoundsofajourney.Ajourneybytrainalsohasaspecialcharmaboutit.Lakesandforestsandwild,openplainssweepingpastyourcarriagewindowcreateagrandviewinwhichtimeanddistancemeannothing.Onboardaplane,however,thereisjusttheblankblueoftheskyfillingthenarrowwindowoftheairplane.Thesoftlighting,in-flightfilmsandgentlemusicmakeuptheonlyworldyouknow,andthehoursprogressslowly.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------72．HowdoesthewritersupporttheunderlinedstatementinParagraph2?A．Bygivinginstructions．B．Byanalyzingcauseandeffect．C．Byfollowingtheorderoftime．D．Bygivingexamples．【2012全国新课标D篇】Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning,whichcanbestatedasfollows:Oncewehavelearnedsomething,additionallearningtrials(尝试)increasethelengthoftimewewillrememberit.Inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem.Wecontinuetolistentoandremindourselvesofwordssuchas"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"andchildhoodtalessuchasCinderellaandGoldilocks.Wenotonlylearnbutoverlearn.Themultiplicationtables(乘法口诀表)areanexceptiontotheeeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------68.Theauthorexplainsthelawofoverlearningby_________.A.presentingresearchfindingsB.settingdowngeneralrulesC.makingacomparisonD.usingexamples第405页 阅读词汇、文章及作者态度题吴军破解规律词汇答题秘诀12：模凌两可处如何处理？向该词就近信息点靠拢！向高频答案词特征靠拢！选择范围大的！【2011重庆卷A篇】Therewasagardenerwholookedafterhisgardenwithgreatcare.Towaterhisflowers,heusedtwobuckers.Onewasashinyandnewbucket.Theotherwasaveryoldanddilapidatedone,whichhadseenmanyyearsofservice,butwasnowpastitsbest.56.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dilapidated”probablymean?A.DirtyB.DarkC.Worn-outD.Plain-looking.被动答案特征！作者态度题秘诀11：高频答案词caring（关心的；有同情心的）【2012天津卷B篇】45.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMs.Yates?A.Reliableanddevoted.B.Toughandgenerous.C.Proudbutpatient.D.Strictbutcaring.【2012辽宁卷B篇】61.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefamiliesoftheastronautsontheISS?A.ThearecaringandthoughtfulB.TheareimpatientandannoyedC.Theareimpatientandannoyed.D.Theareexcitedandcurious.第405页 【2010全国Ⅱ卷A篇】45.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBrownie?A.ShyB.PoliteC.BraveD.Caring更多阅读高分秘术和高频答案词尽在2013高考英语阅读3天提分秘术教案中.艺考生和体考生只要记住阅读高频答案词,就有可能70%正确,再结合吴老师的2013高考英语阅读高分秘术(技巧密籍:www.sypeterwu.com),一本,二本不再是梦!同时也为考重点大学满分攻略带来了答案原理依据!现在可以开始预定吴军2013高考英语高分秘诀系统教案啦!单买：2013高考英语阅读3天提分秘术教案原价5000元现6折3000元2013高考英语完形3天提分秘术教案原价5000元现5折2500元2013高考英语语法词汇3天提分秘术原价3000元现5折1500元2012高考英语阅读矩阵法则教案原价3200元现3折960元2012高考英语完形易经法则教案原价3200元现3折960元2012高考英语语法词汇高频考点原价2000元现3折600元2012高考英语高频答案词一本通原价2500元现2折500元2011高考英语阅读高分密码原价3000元现2折600元2011高考英语完形高分密码原价2500元现2折500元全套：(教案不含听力,加盟文字系统版不含电子版及1年辅导和策划服务)2013吴军高考英语迅捷提分秘术学生自学版教师授课版加盟系统版第405页 辽宁卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4200元12000元20000元新课标(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4200元12000元20000元天津卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4500元12000元20000元上海卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4500元12000元20000元北京卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4500元12000元20000元浙江卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4500元12000元20000元四川卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4000元12000元20000元重庆卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4000元12000元20000元陕西卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4000元12000元20000元安徽卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4200元12000元20000元广东卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4200元12000元20000元湖南卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4000元12000元20000元湖北卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4500元12000元20000元江西卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4000元12000元20000元江苏卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4200元12000元20000元全国I(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4000元12000元20000元全国II(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4200元12000元20000元福建卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4200元12000元20000元请上www.sypeterwu.com或上百度,输入"沈阳高分英语家教吴军"查询!您孩子或许接受过一对一的大型品牌英语家教服务，甚至一线在职教师的辅导，但绝大多数的情况是，您孩子的英语分数纹丝不动甚至下降了！为什么？第405页 花言巧语的广告轰炸和信誓旦旦的保分承诺是让很多家长经不起的诱惑！其实很多品牌家教派给您孩子的家教不过是以前在马路上举牌仅值30-50元/小时的应往届毕业生而已！最终，拿回承诺的退费比登山还难，即使退了，也换不来孩子的分数和本应美好的未来！在职教师有着令人信服的耀眼光环，但该好的当然是好，但该坏的照样是坏的！重点高中的孩子并不是你在职教师教出来的，因为学苗好，都125-130分了，谁教都会一样的好！把普通学校的学生拿给在职教师教，再用在职教师滚瓜烂熟的知识点串讲辅导和拿个五三套题让学生去做，其结果，很难短期内事半功倍！什么北京XX高分突破，60分钟高考英语提分秘诀，2012高分核按纽，选择题高分模板等层出不穷，到底哪个才有效啊？与吴军高分密码有什么区别？有的用名头砸人（比如用北京或上海英语学科带头人，参加过高考出题，享受国务院特殊津贴等作为卖点）；有的用卖成功学陈XX那样的文字广告框人；有的干脆模仿或照抄相关广告文案去骗人，甄别起来，还真是有点困难！真想区别开来，其实是可以找到答案的：骗子是很好鉴别的，一是可以让您的孩子问一些高考英语中阅读和完型很具体的问题，看他或她回答的如何？另外，骗子一般都不留自己的联络地址和电话号码，只留邮箱，QQ号码和银行卡号，让你被骗之后无从寻找。另外，他们还会承诺，不满意，可以退回资料，马上退款，还负责汇款手续费，让你觉得深信不已！其实，仔细想一想，资料都暴漏了，谁拿到后都可以马上复印，若可以退的话，岂不是所有人都可以免费拿到资料了吗？比如，2011年高考的时候就有人假借吴军老师的名义实施骗局！他在网上贴吧和博客上出卖的教案根本不是吴军的核心授课教案,是免费公益版的;另外淘宝网上卖的也是假的,是武汉某某在沈阳吴军高分英语家教网站上或百度文库,英语周报英语教师网及新浪爱问共享资料上免费下载的,是可以免费得到的,然而他却卖你3000元,但其并非吴军本人核心授课教案!声明:没有与沈阳吴军本人联络,且未将款项打入沈阳吴军个人银行帐号的交易与吴军无任何关系,其后果自负!已经上当的家长,请看一下你得到的是类似如下吴军高分教案吗?不要图便宜,还是与吴军本人亲自交易吧!辨别有没有效，好不好使，其实方法也很简单:一要看你教的学生是不是真实的?第405页 广告中提分的学员是否留有学校,班级和学生真实姓名及提分幅度?这样一来,知道了班级和姓名就很容易核实了,不符则可称为诈骗,可追究法律责任!不敢留学生真实姓名,只是写上张某某(或从别处粘贴了外地高考状元的照片)并随意说提了50分是不可信的,目的也是可想而知!吴军英语的广告中声称的提分效果,都写明了学校班级和学生姓名及提分幅度,是可信的,也是敢于让公众监督的!比如，吴军英语关于提分在其官网上是这么写的：2012吴军高考英语成绩公告　　2012年高考已经结束，吴军老师今年承接了一对一或一对二，共计87位考生。其中刨出一个最高分136分（本身来时就130分左右）及考前半个月左右才来学的2位考生，平均提分36.7，再创辉煌！其中值得一提的是，吴老师所授的一名学员英语单科成绩竟然提了90多分，再次刷新了吴老师2009年创造的提73分的最高记录！令人兴奋！最高提90分，刷新2009年最高提73分记录！方美乔，鲁美附中高三3班(考前2个月内在翰林补课班上学)，考生号：12210104130592，考场在50中学,高二下学期来吴军老师处学习时,成绩最高时仅36分，通过在1年多每周一次课的学习，2012年高考成绩为126分，提分90多分，刷新了2009年吴老师创造的最高提73分的记录。作为沈阳隆方房地产公司老板的女儿，家庭条件相当优越，但其从不缺乏刻苦专研精神，最后即将以艺考482分的优异成绩考取鲁迅美术学院!重点高中在职教师不行,不妨再找吴老师试试!刘赫绅,22中高三9班,考生号：12210106150716,考场在53中学,通过某位重点高中参加过高考英语出题的在职教师近1年的一对一补课,成绩始终徘徊在70分左右,但考中国民航大学飞行员的英语小分必须达到90分.后来其母亲沈阳雏鹰小学马老师通过2011年考取一本B段涉外高护专业的沈阳4中胡兢元的母亲鼎立推荐,找到了吴军老师,此时距离2012年高考还有不到2个半月的时间,通过每周一、三、五下午17:30-19:00近30课的学习,最终将以2012年高考英语101分的成绩如愿以偿!短期火箭式提分有秘方!高考前3个月,词汇量能达到初三下学期水平,本身有强烈的提分欲望,能刻苦专研，没有心理障碍的学员，基本上，或者说2005-2012历年99%提分。徐可，沈阳4中高三0班，考生号：12210106110515，考场在15中学,总分605（过理科一本线）。2012年高考英语为125分。来时100多分，通过短期10课的学习，分数提了近20分；第405页 王天池，沈阳120中，考生号：12210105150840，考场在省实验中学，总分478（过理科二本线）。2012年高考英语为89分。来时接近40分，通过短期集中20多课的学习，分数提了近50分；袁小力，鲁美附中高三1班艺考生，考生号：12210104130667，考场在50中学,总分436。按其成绩排名基本上可以考取鲁美。通过短期集中20课的学习，其由来时的30多分，上升到本次高考66分，分数翻倍，险过小分！蒋同学，沈阳31中高三艺考生，考生号:12210102170004，考场在38中学,通过8次课的集中学习，成绩由原来的80分左右提到2012年高考英语109分！更多提分详细资料，请亲临咨询！对于携带记者证或预交1课学费者，可以全部查询相关提分信息，并任意抽查3-5位同学父母的联络方式核实！也可根据其所在学校班级，二次核实！（链接2011年吴军老师亲授学员成绩公告）吴军亲授考生共83人参加了2011年高考,去掉一个最高分东北育才本部137分,去掉一个艺考最低分(临时只学了7次课,来时33分,2011年高考61分),平均提分31.5分! 2011年沈阳高分英语家教吴军一对一亲授中考生学员共计39人，140分以上占97.17%；130-140之间为0%；120-130之间占2.73%，没有120分以下的。其中21人达到了145分或以上，有“两匹黑马”值得一提，他们一个是辽宁省实验中学北校区初三8班的杨淇，另一位是沈阳7中初三21班的童俊豪，他们来吴军老师这儿学习时均为120分或以下，本次2011年沈阳中考英语成绩均达到了146分。----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------许译鲁美附中高三1班,考生号:11210104130303；宁莹莹鲁美附中高三3班2011届高三文科艺考生,考生号:11210702130017；黄钰乔沈阳27中高三13班,考生号:11210105130331,2011年高考英语分别提高了30-55分不等，已被一批本科鲁迅美术学院和中央美术学院录取！卢涵沈阳铁路中学高三11班2011届高三艺考生,考生号:11210105130901,李奕宣沈阳同泽女中学高三3班2011届高三艺考生,考生号:112101053130422,2011年高考英语成绩分别提高了30-35分不等，已被中国传媒大学文编专业和天津师范大学播音专业录取！李晨晖沈阳2中2011届高三考生,考生号:11210103151002,总分:651分,理科,一本线重点大学,来吴军高分英语前110-120分,本次高考英语成绩为127分;杨嘉睿东北育才双语2011届高三4班考生,考生号:11210102111097,总分:559分,理科,预估一本线,来吴军高分英语前120分,本次高考英语成绩为130分;鲁菲沈阳120中7班2011届高三考生,考生号:11210105110762,总分:544分,理科,一本线,来吴军高分英语前110分,考前共学5课,本次高考英语成绩为119分。姜萧栩沈阳雨田中学初三2班考号：0610201162011年沈阳中考英语成绩为145分；第405页 杨淇辽宁省实验中学北校区初三8班考号：0510089062011年沈阳中考英语成绩为146分；王一乾沈阳雨田中学初三2班考号：0610204062011年沈阳中考英语成绩为146分；袁若琳沈阳雨田中学初三1班考号：0610211022011年沈阳中考英语成绩为144分；童俊豪沈阳7中初三21班考号：0310095212011年沈阳中考英语成绩为146分；张天爱沈阳雨田中学初三1班考号：0610194142011年沈阳中考英语成绩为144分。2012吴军高考英语3天提分秘诀辽宁卷效果示例一、知识点和词汇全部押对！举几个2012高考英语辽宁卷单选的例子：吴军老师帮您筛选的30多个形容词和副词，大家看一看，是不是都在下列备选项中？22.Weusedtoseeeachother,butIhaven’theadfromhimsincelastyear.A.especiallyB.regularlyC.particularlyD.approximately有些连知识点都不用，只是通过吴军老师教你的正负/过程和结果解题法就所向披靡了！通过正负，可知A和D可选！再通过过程和结果，可知A.withpleasure强调的是结果，说明借过后，表示荣幸，所以不符！电话还没借呢，故只有D符合。23.—I’mterriblysorrytointerrupt,butmayIuseyourphone?It’sratherurgent.—Yes,.A.withpleasureB.noburryC.itdoesn’tmatterD.ofcourse2012吴军高考语法与词汇单项选择题3天提分密码B-1第25页，Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。这儿是说根据学校规定学生在校时都必须要穿校服。24.Oneofourrulesisthateverystudentwearschooluniformwhileatschool.A.mightB.couldC.shallD.will2012吴军高考语法与词汇单项选择题3天提分密码B-2第25页，有宾语主动,无宾语被动！follow后面有宾语，with的宾语后面可加形容词、副词、分词、不定式、名词等作宾补，这儿petdog与follow构成主谓关系，所以用following.25.Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdogthem.第405页 A.tofollowB.followingC.followedD.follows2012吴军高考英语高频答案词一本通第108页，Rod喜欢拆卸钟表，然而，他从来都不能再重新装好。所以选B项。另外However两边句子相反，看到put……together,当然相反的就是takingapart啦！26.Rodlovesclocks.However,henevermanagestoputthemtogetheragain.A.takingapartB.givingawayC.makingupD.turningoff2012吴军高考语法与词汇单项选择题3天提分密码B-1第6页，one作“一个”，“一本”，“一件”等解，用来代替上文提到过的paper。相当于acopyofpaper.28.Ifyou’rebuyingtoday’spaperfromthestand,couldyougetforme?A.oneB.suchC.thisD.that2012吴军高考语法与词汇单项选择题3天提分密码B-2第13页，把你的钥匙留给你的邻居，以防你把自己锁在外面了。所以选C项。30.Leaveyourkeywithyourneighboryoulockyourselfoutoneday.A.aslongasB.eventhoughC.incaseD.asif2012吴军高考语法与词汇单项选择题3天提分密码B-3第4页，Notuntil位于句首时句子要倒装，considerhavingaholidayabroad这个动作发生在retire之后，所以用一般过去时。32.Notuntilheretiredfromteachingthreeyearsagohavingaholidayabroad.A.hehadconsideredB.hadheconsideredC.heconsideredD.didheconsider2012吴军高考语法与词汇单项选择题3天提分密码B-1第26页，在句型“It’shigh/verytimethat…”中，从句中的谓语动词用did或shoulddo.所以选D项。33.Jackisagreattalker.It’shightimethathesomethinginsteadofjusttalking.A.willdoB.hasdoneC.doD.did2012吴军高考语法与词汇单项选择题3天提分密码B-2第18页，名词性从句4个高频答案词，介词for后面加的是宾语从句，且从句中find缺少宾语，故用whatever，选C。第405页 34.ThenewcomerwenttothelibrarytheotherdayandscarchedforhecouldfindaboutMarkTwain.A.whereverB.howeverC.whateverD.whichever二、完形技巧+高频答案词，挑战高分！举几个2012高考英语辽宁卷完形填空的例子来回忆一下吴军老师的完形易经，骄傲一下自己当时精明的选择！首尾或上下段落呼应，复现解决问题！WhenGlenKrugerpickedasmallcatfromananimalshelter,hedidnotexpectmuch.Yetrightfromthestart,eightyearsago,therewasanuncommonconnectionbetweenhimandthesmallblackcat.He36herInky.“Igrewuponahundred-acrefarmandhadonlycats37playmates,”Kruger,Theseventy-year-oldman,says.“Myhearingwasdamagedbythe38offarmepuipment,soIlearnedtoconnectwith39.39.A.animalsB.friendsC.farmersD.neghbors46inapoolofbloodonthebasementfloor,Krugerfelt47goingintoshock（休克）.Heshoutedforhelp,48hiswife,Brenda,wasasleepintheirbedroomattheoppositeendofthehouse.49KrugernoticedInkywatchingfromthetopofthestairs.“GogetBrenda,”KruggersaidtoInky.Inky50tothebedroomdoorandscratched51untilBrendaopenedit.ThenInkyledhertothe52Brendafoundherhusband53thestairsandcalled911.52.A.bedroomB.basementCyardD.house通过同现解决问题！看到rushed后就知道很匆忙，故50空纠结时，通过同现校正答案，就不能误选C了，ran与rushed同现；51空是C还是D呢？Inky是猫，madly更贴切；53空，叫911送医院了，说明掉楼梯底下了。Inky50tothebedroomdoorandscratched51untilBrendaopenedit.ThenInkyledhertothe52第405页 Brendafoundherhusband53thestairsandcalled911.Krugerwasrushedtothehospital.50.A.walkedB.ranC.returnedD.withdrew51.A.rapidlyB.suddenlyC.madlyD.urgently53.A.atthebottomofB.inthemiddleofC.atthetopofD.inthefrontof通过正负解决问题！“Myhearingwasdamagedbythe38offarmepuipment,soIlearnedtoconnectwith39.Theyreacttowhattheyseeandwhatyoudo.”38.A.soundB.alarmC.noiseD.voice三、吴军英语阅读迅捷技巧+矩阵法则，挑战满分！找不到主旨句或四个选项都带中心词时，看出题点，即每段首尾句和有汉语标注的地方等，然后通过复现和同现就解决了！Astronautsonshortershuttlemissions（使命）oftenworkverylongdays.Tasksarescheduledsotightlythatbreaktimesareoftenusedtofinishtheday’swork.ThistypeofscheduteisfartoodemandingforlongmissionsontheInternaitionalSpaceSttation（ISS）.ISScrewmembersusuallyliveinspaceforatleastaquarterofayear.TheyworkfivedaysonandtwodaysofftomimicthenormalwaytheydothingsonEarthasmuchaspossible.Weekendsgivethecrewvaluable.Weekendsgivethecrewvaluabletimetorestanddoafewhoursofhousework.Theycancommunicatewithfamilyandfriendsbyemail,isternetphoneandthrohghPrivatevideoconferenes.Whileastronautscannotgotoabaseballgameoramovieinorbit,therearemanyfamiliaractiveticsthattheycanstillenjoy.Beforeamission.ThefamilyandfriendsofeachISScrewmemberputtogetheracollectionoffamilyphotos,messages,videosandreadingmaterialforTheastromautstolookatwhentheywillbefloating370kilometersabovetheEarth.Duringtheirmissiom,thecrewalsoreceivescarepackageswithCDs,books,magazines,photosandletters.Andasfromearly2010,theinternetbecameavailableontheISS,givingastronaoutsthechancetodosome“websurfing（冲浪）”intheirpersonaltime.Besidesrelaxingwiththesemorecommomentertainments,astromautscansimplyenjoytheexperienceoflivinginspace.ManyastronautssaythatoneofthemostrelaxingthingstodoinspaceistolookoutthewindowandstareattheuniverseandtheEarth’svastlandmassandoceans.63.Thepassagemainlydiscusseshowastronauts.（2012辽宁卷阅读B篇）A.workforlongermissionsinspaceB.connectwithpeopleontheEarthC.observetheEarthfromspaceD.spendtheirfreetimeinspace第405页 词汇13大解题思路使您茅塞顿开！本题仅用代入法就解决了问题！Astronautsonshortershuttlemissions（使命）oftenworkverylongdays.Tasksarescheduledsotightlythatbreaktimesareoftenusedtofinishtheday’swork.ThistypeofscheduteisfartoodemandingforlongmissionsontheInternaitionalSpaceSttation（ISS）.ISScrewmembersusuallyliveinspaceforatleastaquarterofayear.TheyworkfivedaysonandtwodaysofftomimicthenormalwaytheydothingsonEarthasmuchaspossible.Weekendsgivethecrewvaluable.Weekendsgivethecrewvaluabletimetorestanddoafewhoursofhousework.60.Whatdoestheword“minic”inParagraph1probablymean?（2012辽宁卷阅读B篇）A.FindB.CopyC.ChangeD.Lose找到minic这个动词的宾语way，waytheydothings做事的方式，Find发现？；Copy模仿？Change改变？Lose失去？waytheydothings做事的方式，当然是模仿做事的方式喽！A大于B，则选A。Inthepasttwodecades,theChinesestudiesprogramshavegainedhugepopularityinWesternuniversities.Morerecently,theChinesegovernmenthassetupConfuciusInstitutesinmorethan80countries.TheseschoolsteachbothChineselanguageandculture.ThemaincoursesofChinesecultureusuallyincludedChineseart,historyandphilosophy（哲学）.SomesocialscientistssuggestthatWesternersshouldtakeadvantagesoftheancientChinesewisdomtomakeupforthedrawbacksofWesternersphilosophy.StudentsintheUnitedStates,atthesametime,areracingtolearnChinese.SotheywillbereadyforlifeinaworldwhereChinaisanequalpowerwiththeUnitedStates.BusinessmenwhohopetomakemoneyinChinaarereadingbooksaboutConfuciustounderstandtheirChinesecustomers.65.WecanlearnfromParagraph4thatAmericanstudents______。（2012辽宁卷阅读C篇）A.haveagreatinterestinstudyingChineseB.takeanactivepartinChinesecompetitionsC.trytogethighscoresinChineseexamsD.fightforachancetolearnChinese65题根据题干关键字Americanstudents文章定位，就近原则参考点为racingtolearnChinese.有些同学在A和D之间纠结。如果确实区分有困难的话，可以根据“A大于D，则选A。”原则，则选A。第405页 矩阵法则解题:出题点;与中心词沾边;答案特征;答题步骤;核对规则.69.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?（2012辽宁卷阅读D篇）A.Thecustomerswhocannotpaycanwordasvolunteersinstead.B.MorevolunteerswillgotonewOrleansforthehurricanecleanup.C.Manynewcafeswillbeopenedtoofferfreelunchesinthetown.D.Thelunchmenuhasremainedthesamesincethecaféwasstarted.69题出题点在尾句,更有出题信号词instead ;选项中A是前后矛盾的句子,符合答案特征;选项A中含有的volunteers是文章反复出现的中心词,所以答案就可以选A了.四、洞穿7选5秘诀,吴军高考英语运筹帷幄！答题步骤:首句定位;排比;逻辑关系;指代+同现或复现;连接词+同现或复现;先易后难,缩小范围,从而高分突破!HowtoMakeFriendsFriendshipisaveryimportanthumanrelationshipandeveryoneneedsgoodfriends.Goodfriendshiphasmanybenefits.Itofferscompanionship,improvesself-worthandpromotesgoodhealth.Therearetimesinourlivessuchaswhenwehaverecentlymovedintoanewtown,orchangedourjobsorschools.Suchchangesoftenleavesuswithoutafriend71.Butformanyofustheprocessisdifficultandrequirescourage.Belowaresomehelpfulsuggestionsonhowtomakeandkeepfriends.1.Associatewithothers.Thefirststeptomakingfriendsisassociatingwithotherpeople.Youcangotopublicplacestomeetnewpeople.Besides,youwillneedtomakeyourselfknownbybecominganactivememberofsuchplaces.2.StartaconversationStartingaconversationisthesecondmostimportantstepinmakingnewfriends.72Youcanalwaysstarttheconversation.Beingabletomakesmalltalkisaveryusefulskillinrelatingwithotherpeople.3.73Choosingfriendswithcommoninterestsisimportantinbuildingfriendshipastheseinterestswouldalwaysbringyouandyourfriendtogether,Hangingoutwillalwaysbeapleasantexperience.4.Letitgrow.Itisagoodthingtostayintouch.However,trynottopressyournewfriendwithcalls,messagesorvisitsasthiswouldlikelywearhimorheroutandfinallyyoumayloseyourfriend.74.Thebestfriendships第405页 aretheonesthatgrownaturally.5.EnjoyyourfriendshipThebestwaytoenjoyyourfriendshipistoallowyourfriendstobethemselves.75Trynottochangethemfromwhotheyaretowhatyouwantthemtobe.Becomethekindoffriendyouwillwantyourfriendtobetoyou.A.Becheerful.B.Dothingstogether.C.Donotwaittobespokento.D.Trynottofindfaultwithyourfriends.E.Makingnewfriendscomeseasyforsomepeople.F.Forafriendshiptodevelopyouneedtostayintouch.G.Soyouwillneedtogiveyourfriendtimetoreacttoyou.71空发现复现词friend,根据吴军高考英语7选5法则转折关系(形容词或副词相反,转折),选E;72空根据吴军7选5法则同现原则,spokento与conversation关联,所以选C;73空看到每段都是祁使句,而只有B项中有与原文中的复现词together,所以选B;74空就近原则指代一致you,复现一致yourfriend,所以选G;75空后面有them,说明前面有复数名词,再加上否定句结构排比Trynotto,所以75空选D.五、改错探秘,吴军教案看7遍,错点全部找到！DearDiana,Thankyouforthelovelydaywehavewithyou.ItwassokindforyoutoletusbringAnne"shadoffriend.Gina.Unfortunate,theonlyproblemwasthejourneyhome.TherehadbeenaterribleUnfortunatelyaccidentonthehighwayand,foraresult,therewasalonglineoftrafficforatleastsixmile.Inasmilestheend,wedrovetoaservicestationandwaitedthereunlesstheroadwasclear.Inthecarparkuntilhere,Ginanearlygotknockedoveras∧cardroveoutfartooquicklyfrombehindalorry.TheythereaWefinallydroppedGinaoffatherparents"andmadeourownwaytohome.第405页 请购买2012高考英语3天提分秘诀教案(增购7选5和改错版)的顾客仔细核对:1.第1句have→had,参考吴军改错教案一23页,由后面的was可知，这儿应该用过去时态。2.第2句for→of,参考吴军改错教案二3页押中原题,It’skindofyou为固定用法。3.第3句Unfortunate→Unfortunately,参考吴军改错教案一18页押中原题,用副词作状语。4.第4句for→as,考吴军改错教案二2页,asaresult固定搭配。5.第4句mile→miles,参考吴军改错教案一4-5页,mile是可数名词，并且前面是six.6.第5句unless→until,考吴军改错教案二4-5页,这儿后面一句是一个时间状语从句，意思是我们一直等到路通了。7.第6句here→there,参考吴军改错教案一16-19页,叙述的是别的地方发生的事，所以用there.8.第6句car前加a,参考吴军改错教案一1页,car不是特指，并且是可数名词，所以前面要加a.9.第7句they→we,参考吴军改错教案一9页押中原题,叙述的是我们做的事，所以用we.10.第7句去掉to,参考吴军改错教案二2页押中原题,makeone’swayhome中home为副词，所以前面不用介词to。2013吴军高考英语迅捷提分秘术!版权所有,侵权必究!同行抄袭可耻,转载注明出处!Unit8motivationn.动机；积极性；复习：motivate;v.激发；激动促动；复习;drive;inspire;insporation;stimulate;dictation;听写；口授；命令；correctionn.correct;v.改正；修改；alphabet;n.字母表；alpha;阿尔法〔希腊语字母表首字母α，相当于英语的a〕。stickvt.(stuck;stuck)伸出；粘住；停止；复习：stickto坚持；insiston;effectiveadj.有效的；复习：effectn.efficient;高效的；acquirevt.学到；获得；acquistion;n.复习：require;get;obtain;makesense有意义；说得通；复习;matter;makeno/some/muchsense(of);inotherwords换言之；换句话说；复习：inaword简言之；awful;adj.可怕的;复习：terrible;[口语〕非常，极其。I"mawfulgladyoucame.你来了，我非常高兴;instruct;vt.教导；指示；instruction;复习：teach;educate;coach;datan.资料；数据；〔此词系datum的复数。但datum罕用，一般即以data作为集合词，在口语中往往用单数动词；如系指一件资料，则说作thisdata〕。Thedataisnotenoughtobeconvincing.资料不足，尚难令人信服。复习：material;date;比较：medium;media;bacterium;bacteria;acdemic;adj.学术的；学院的；第405页 comprehension理解，理解力;beabove[pass,bebeyond]comprehension难理解，不可解。复习：understanding;anxious;adj.忧虑的；焦急的；令人但有的；复习：anxiety;eager;secure;adj.安心的；不必担心的；有把握的;复习：safe;sure;ensure;insure;takearisk;冒险；复习：danger;adventure;experimentwith进行试验、实验；复习：try;trial;translator;n.译员；interpretor;口译；patience;n.病人；耐心；复习：patient;助记：是病人就要有耐心；adopt;v.采用；采纳；接受；收养；比较;adapt;适应；adoptaproposal采纳提议。wordsadoptedfromaforeignlanguage外来语。pile;n.堆；叠；vi;.堆(upon)积蓄(up)堆积；层积；1.堆积，堆；火葬柴堆(＝funeralpile)。2.大量，大批，大块；高大建筑物；〔口语〕钱堆，财产;apileof;一堆；pilesof;大堆；大批、量；复习：mile;pill药；tyre;轮胎；装轮胎；复习：tire疲倦，累(with)厌倦(of)。使疲倦；使厌倦。Walkingsoontiresme.我一走路就累。ShenevertiresofspeakingEnglish.她讲起英语来从不厌倦。tiredown把…追赶到跑不动，使疲惫到精疲力尽，逐渐微弱。tireout＝tiretodeath使疲倦到极度(Iamtiredout.我累得要死，十分疲倦)；overweightadj;发胖；超重的；anoverweightluggage过重行李。vt.使…装载过重；使…负担过重；在重量上超过。putanend/stopto;bringtoanend;结束；使……中断、停止；operation;手术；运转；操作；复习：operate;v.theoperationofamachine机器的运转；inoperation活动着；运转着；施行着。performanoperation(onsb.foradisease)(给某人)动(外科)手术。putintooperation实施，施行。undergoanoperation受手术。knockdown;knockabout[around]1.接连敲打；乱打，乱敲。2.殴打，虐待，(浪等)冲打(船只)。knockagainst1.碰撞；同…冲突。2.偶然遇见。knockat敲(门、窗等);knockatthewrongdoor找错了门路)。knockaway敲下，敲掉。level;standad;n.水平；标准；复习：scale;junior;年少的；等级低的；复习：senior;年长的；等级较高的；aseniorstatesman富有资历的政治家。aseniorofficer高级军官。aseniorman高班(学)生。aseniorcitizen老年人〔尤指退休老人〕；juniormiddleschool;初中；seniormiddleschool高中；primaryschool小学;fallbehind;落后；跟不上。.拖欠。fallbeyond属于…外，在…外；fallinto1.陷入(网等)中；陷入(坏习惯等)中，fallintothehabitofdoing；falloff1.下降，跌落。2.减退，销路减少；衰退；堕落;association社团；协会；复习：CBA；NBA；associate把…同…联系起来(with)。第405页 Beassociatedwithsb.Inanenterprise与某人联合从事一项企业；appropriate;adj.适当的，合适的;beappropriatefor[to]适于，合乎postcode;n.邮编；复习：code;(电)码，代码，密码，暗码；代号，略号，暗号;Unit9abuse;v.滥用；虐待；abuseone"sprivilege滥用特权；Awordofabuse骂人话。复习：accuse;控告[告发]某人犯某罪(of);谴责[指控]某人(for);把某事归罪于某人(for)。insurance；保险（业）；复习：insure；保险，给…保险;保障，为…提供保证。assure;保证，担保，确告;使安心，让…放心;Iassureyouofhishonesty.(那人)包你老实可靠。assureone"slife保人寿险。assureoneselfof弄清楚，查明(Imustassuremyselfoftherealsituation.我必须查明真实情况)。Iassureyouthat...包你…。carpenter;n.木匠；复习：carpet:地毯，桌毯；毛毯，绒毯；wood;woodcutter;伐木工人；樵夫；木刻家。layoff下岗；解雇；复习：beoutofjob;income；收入；复习：profit；wage;salary;outcome结果；成果；后果;输出口；〔比喻〕出路。input;输入;import;export;tomakethingworse;更糟糕的是；更危险、困难的；（作插入语）；=what’sevenworse;what’smore;不仅如此；hopeless;无望；绝望；=desperate悲观失望的，穷途末路的，无可救药的;极想得到的;clinic;诊所；门诊部；doctor’soffice;复习;waiting-room;形近：picnic;野餐，郊游；allowance;n.津贴，补助，零用钱;复习：bonus;奖金；额外津贴;award;奖品;fundamental;adj.basic;基本的；基础的；词中词：fund资金，基金，专款;mental;智慧的，智[脑]力的。精神的，思想的；心理的(opp.corporal)。pressure;n.压力；压强；复习：press;压，按;印刷;consult;v.咨询；查阅；consultadictionary查词典。consultadoctor找医生诊治。chemist药剂师；化学家；复习：chemicial;chemistry;statistics;统计数字[资料]，统计表〔用作复数;fee;税；会费，学费，报名费，入场费;复习：fare;charge;bill;fund;nationwide全国性的；遍及全国的；makeendsmeet使收支相抵；量入为出；unfortunate；复习：fortunate;(不)幸运的；unfortunately;unluckily;tailor;n.裁缝；复习：sailor;incident;n.小事；事件；事情；事故；事变。event;matter;occurance;复习：accident;第405页 significance;n.意义；重要性；复习：significant;adj.有意义的;重要的，重大的，值得注意的。bench;n.长凳；条凳;aparkbench公园长凳。anexperimentalbench试验架。acarpenter"sbench木工工作台。stool;凳子；搁脚凳;sink;n/v;(sank,〔古、美〕sunksunk,sunken)洗涤槽；污水池；下沉；下垂；下沉，坍下去，塌下去，下陷。thesunsinksinthewest.太阳落在西方。Thefloodsaresinkingrapidly.洪水正在急退中；jar;n.广口瓶；罐；坛子，瓶子；lid;n.盖子；复习：cover;devotion;devote;献身；奉献；忠心；dvote…to…Unit10garbage;n.垃圾；复习：litter;rubbish;waste；形近：garage;车库；cabbage;baggage;luggage;maid;n女仆；.婢，侍女，处女，未婚女子，闺女；〔诗〕少女，姑娘。anoldmaid老处女。alady"smaid侍女。prince;n王子；复习：princess;公主；outcome;n.结果；效果；比较：income收入；penny;便士；分；(pl.pence,pennies);表示价格的复数用pence;表示辅币个数的复数用pennies.;cent;change;零钱；six-pennyseries六便士丛书currency;money;Apennysavedisapennygained.省一文就得一文。Apennysoulnevercometotwopence.小气鬼成不了大事。Takecareofthepence,andthepoundswilltakecareofthemselves.小事留意，大事顺利。grocery;杂货店；〔美常用pl.〕食品，杂货。复习：store;shop;bakery;n.面包房；复习：bake;烤；焙；烧；baker面包师傅;烤箱〔美国〕烧烤会餐。barbecue;〔美国〕(吃烧烤全牲的)野外大宴会。复习：picnic;野餐；野炊；weep;(wept;wept);v.哭泣；比较：cry;sob;抽噎，啜泣；哽咽，呜咽;wail;痛哭，大哭;howl;嚎，嗥叫。复习：sweep；扫地;furnish;v.装饰；提供家具；装备，布置，装修(房屋)。furnishsb.withsth.＝furnishsth.tosb.供给某人某种东西。awellfurnishedshop货物齐全的商店。furnishedroomstolet.备有家具的房间出租。befurnishedwith备有;复习：furniture;decorate;shabby;adj.(衣衫)褴褛的；破旧的;寒酸的；ashabbystreet肮脏的马路。ashabbyfellow卑鄙的家伙；小气鬼；mean;mailbox;邮箱；信箱；复习：postbox;〔英国〕信箱；邮筒;bell;n.钟声；铃声；钟，铃；门铃；electricbells电铃。Ahandbell手摇铃。Adoorbell门铃attendto处理；照顾；关照；lookafter;takecareof;rag;碎布；破布；复习：inrags穿破衣服；Hehasnotaragtohisback.他衣不蔽体。第405页 rare;adj.稀少；罕见的；复习：unusual;infrequent;regular;比较：area面积；平地；地区，地方；takeapridein;=beproudof感到自豪；garment;n.一件衣服；外衣;外套;长袍。aladygarment-edinsilk一位穿着绸衣服的女士；复习：clothes;blouse;短上衣trousers;vest;T-shirt;skirt;uniform;制服；doup=dressup打扮；carpet;n.地毯；桌毯；毛毯，绒毯。复习：blanket毛毯，绒被；毛毡状物，层，垫。cushion软垫，椅垫，靠垫;barbershop理发店；barber理发师；复习：haircut;anecdote；n.逸事；轶闻；复习：tale故事；letdown使失望；不支持；=disappoint;booklet小册子；leaflet小叶，嫩叶;传单；广告mutton羊肉；比较：beef;pork;复习button;按钮；stove;n.火炉；电炉，加热器。复习：heater;oven灶，炉，炭窑，干燥炉；烘箱;baggage;n.行李；luggage;suitcase;复习：cabbage;白菜；pale;adj.苍白；浅色；暗淡复习：gray/grey灰白；prayer;n.祈祷；祷告；复习：pray请求，恳求(for)祷告，祈祷(to)；复习;beg;request;urge;fixsth.on/upon;fixone’seyeson全神贯注于；凝视；复习：stareat;focuson;approve;v.批准；通过；认可；赞成；反义：disapprove;disapproval;n.复习：arrival；survival生存；残存；幸存；anyhow;adv.无论如何；至少；复习：anywhere;shave;v.刮脸；修面；剃胡须；剃刀，刮刀;复习：save;have;comb;v./n.梳头；梳子；复习：tomb;tortoies;乌龟；复习：zebra;atlength=atlast;eventually;最后；终于；flash;vi.闪烁；闪光；复习：ash;shine;flesh;simplify;vt.简化；simple;simply;brief;简洁的；Unit11criterion;标准；尺度；(pl.复数-ria)(评判等的)标准，准则。同义：standard;level;scale;stickwith;继续支持；保持联系；复习：stickto坚持；pullout;从……中退出；Thedrawerwon"tpullout.抽屉拉不开。atrainpullingoutofthestation一列开出车站的火车。pullin.使后退，缩(头等)。.(火车等)到站；船靠近(海岸)。逃走，离开pulloff.忙着脱(衣服、鞋等)。做好，完成；协定。实行。.开(船)；(船)离开。summary;总结；摘要；复习：sum,总数，总计，总额；primary主要的，为首的，第一位的;percentage,百分比；百分率；复习：percent;cent;第405页 questionaire问卷；调查表；复习：millionaire百万富翁；survey调查reputation,n.名声；名誉；复习：fame;credit信用，信任;名誉，名望，声望;haveareputationfor＝havethereputationof因…而著名，以…闻名，有…的名气。liveuptoone"sreputation不负盛名；repute名誉，名声，名望，信用;colleague同事；比较：college;fellow;mate;suspect;vt.怀疑；不相信；同义：suppose;wonder;staff全体职工；全体雇员；复习：clerk;crew乘务员，(中下级)船员;同事们，工友们;personnel;人员；人事部门；inreality;实际上；=infact;asamatteroffact;actual;temporary;暂时的；临时的；反义：permanent永久的，不变的，耐久的；持久的，经久的;regular;规则的；coach教练；家庭教师；辅导员；(长途)公共汽车。carriage(四轮)马车；〔英国〕(铁路)客车车厢(＝〔美国〕car);复习：train;judge;cooperate;合作；协作；复习：operate;操作，工作；(机械等)动作；运转;uncertain;不确切；不确定；复习：certain;sure;expection;期望；期待；意料;复习：liveuptoone’sexpection不辜负某人的期望；division;分割；划分；同义：separation;partion;distribution;复习：divide;v.keepaneyeon照料；照管；注意；复习：attendto;lookafter;compromise;n.妥协；和解；折衷；词中词：promise许诺；近义：cooperation;negotiation谈判；excite;vt.使激动；复习：exciting;excited;regulation;n.规则；条例；近义;rule;复习：regular;adj规则的；bureaucratic;官僚的；复习：bureau;(政府机构的)局(＝〔英国〕office)；司(＝〔英国〕department)；处，办公署。办公桌，写字台;takeintoconsideration考虑；take…intoaccount;dynamic;动力的；强有力的；复习：dynmo发电机;口语〕勤奋肯干的人，精力充沛的人;shortcoming;缺点;复习：weakness;disadvantage;embarrass;vt.尴尬；为难；be[feel]embarrassed；局促不安；复习：frustrate挫败(敌人)；破坏(计划等)，阻挠;befrustratedin在…方面归于失败；终成画饼。contradictory;矛盾的；对立的；复习：oppose;opposing;反义：harmony;violent;adj.暴力的；强烈的；复习：violent;n.暴力；resign;v.辞职；退休；同义：retire;ambitious;adj.有雄心的；复习：ambition;n.抱负，志气，雄心;复习：determined;motivated;asawhole;普遍说来；作为整体；复习：generallyspeaking;inall;第405页 definite;adj.确切的；肯定的；复习：certain;sure;congratulate;v.祝贺；庆祝；复习：congratulation;n.同义：celebrate;smooth;adj.顺利的；光滑的；平坦的；近义：plain;平坦的；光滑的；复习：flat；smooth;反义：rough;粗糙的；finance;n./v.财政；金融；资金；复习：fundcombination;n;结合；混合；复习：combine;v.becombinedwith与…结合着;join;connect;unite;bride;n.新娘；复习：bridegroom;新郎；shame;n.羞耻；惭愧；复习：pity;ashamed;adj.pursue;v.追求；追逐；复习：be/goafterdecline;v.拒绝；减弱；变小；复习：resist;reject;decrease;reduce;turndown;oral;adj.口头的；口述的；spoken;Unit12load;n.负担；负荷；复习：burden;aloadofcare精神负担。aloadofdebt债务的负担。beeverreadytobearaheavyloadonone"sshoulders勇于挑重担。V.把货装到(船、车等)上；装(货)。aheartloadedwithcare心事重重。atableloadedwithdelicacies摆满佳肴的桌子。airloadedwithcarbon充满碳气的空气。loadone"sstomachwithfood吃得太多。loadsb.withpraise极力称赞某人。loadacamerawithfilm给照相机装胶卷。复习：download下载；workload工作负担；strict;adj.严格；严厉；复习：destrict地区；gentle;温柔；hard;severe;cruel;compulsory;adj.义务的；必须做的；必修的；复习：equired;necessary;essential;commitment;n.承诺；保证；复习：committee委员会;guarantee；assuarance;tobeginwith开始；起初；第一；复习：inthefirstplace;sceptical;adj.怀疑的；复习：wonder;doubt;tendency;n.倾向；趋势；复习：tendtoabsent;adj.缺席的；不在的；复习：absence;dropout(of)退出；辍学；复习：leaveschool;graduate;expand;v.扩大；增强；复习：enlarge;increase;spreadout;extend;distribute;v.分配；分布；复习：handout;giveout;resultin产生；导致（某种作用或结果）；复习：leadto;resultfrom由……引起；corporation;n.公司；法人团体；同义：firm;company;第405页 donate;捐赠；赠送；donatebloodtoabloodbank向血库捐血。donate1,000dollarstoanorphanage向孤儿院捐赠1，000美元;TheyusedtodonatetotheRedCrosseveryyear.他们每年捐钱给红十字会；同义：giveaway.让掉，赠送；分送，分发。curriculum;n.全部课程;必修课程;复习：course;ministry;n.部；部长的任务[职务、任期]。常作M-〕〔英国〕内阁；〔英国〕(政府的)部(＝〔美国〕department)；wordwide遍及全世界的；全国的；复习：nationwide；aspect;n.方面；局势，形势，abeautifulaspect好景；美观。athinginitstrueaspect事物的真相。Thehousehasasouthernaspect.那间房子朝南。thephysicalaspectofChina中国的地势。consideraquestioninallitsaspects由各方面考虑问题。assume[takeon]anewaspect面目一新，呈新局面。profession;n;职业；professional;adj.复习：professor;教授；advocate;v.提倡；拥护；鼓吹；主张；辩护；复习：support;promote；oppose;objectto;obtain;v.获得；取得；=achieve;require;get;obtainareward得到报酬。obtainaprize得奖obtainable形容词;能得到的；能达到的;复习：accessible;.能接近的，容易会见的。可以进入的；容易理解的;evident;adj.明显的；清楚的；obvious;clear;复习：evidence;n.proof;restriction;n.限制；约束；复习：limit;control;limitation;schedule;n.程序表，计划表；进度表；时间表。atrainschedule火车时刻表。adesignschedule设计计算表，进度表。accordingtoschedule按照预定计划[时间表]。复习：timetable;presentation;n.描述；提出；呈现；介绍；复习：present;v.introduction;description;measurement;measure;量尺寸；衡量；测量；Unit13informal;formal（非）正式；复习：form;inform;perform;reform;Thebookworminuniformisinformedofthestorm穿制服的书呆子得到暴风雨的消息。reception;n.接待；招待（会）；复习：receive;attendto;considerate;adj.考虑周到的；体贴的；复习;consider;consideration;cigar;n.雪茄；复习：cigarette;tobacco烟草；烟叶；烟丝，卷烟，纸烟;splendid;adj.壮丽的；辉煌的；同义：wonderful;marvelous;词中词：send;end;spend;lend;did;pen;pend吊着；悬而未决；待决;astonish;v.使惊讶；使……震惊；同义：amaze;surprise;shock;fright;alarm;upset;fear;horror;terror;panic;coincidence;n.巧合；近义：accident;chance;luck;tension;n.紧张;张力，拉力，牵力；复习：tense;adj.拉紧的；绷紧的；n.时态；elegant;adj.优雅的；文雅的；复习：graceful;优美的，雅致的;得体的，适度的;比较;elephant;大象；第405页 bachelor;n.未婚男子；学士；复习：single;unmarried;master;doctor;prescription;n.药方；处方；复习：description;描述；叙述；drawer;n.抽屉；制图人〔pl.〕橱柜。theft；n.偷；盗窃；复习：steal;stealing;religious;adj.宗教的；笃信的，虔诚的；复习：relif减轻；缓解；stubborn;adj.顽固；倔强的;astubbornresistance顽强的抵抗。stubbornfacts不容抹煞的事实。astubbornillness顽疾。asstubbornasamule非常固执的。同义：persist;enquiry;n.问讯；查询；inquire;比较：require;assitance;n.帮助；协助；复习：aid;assist;helpresist;vital;adj.重要的；生死攸关的，致命的；重大的，紧要的；不可缺少的；复习：veryimportant;critical;esstial;guilty;n.内疚的；有罪的；复习：guiltybehaviour犯罪行为。haveaguiltyconscience自疚，问心有愧。wearaguiltylook露出内疚的神色。befoundguilty被判决有罪。beguiltyof犯…罪(beguiltyofmurder犯杀人罪);stain;n./v.污点污迹；玷污；染污；Itisstainedwithink.它让墨水弄脏了。handsstainedwithblood沾满血的手；凶手；近义：smearbanquet;n.宴会；盛宴;复习：feast;convince;v.使确信；说服；convincepeoplebysoundarguments以理服人。beconvincedof[that]确信，深知。befullyconvinced充分相信。convince(sb.)of[that]使(人)承认[信服]。convinceoneselfof充分弄明白。assume;v.假定；设想；假装；复习：assumption;n.假定；假设；Iassumethatyouknow.我以为你是知道的。assumeanewname用一个新名字。assumeairsof摆…的架子。assumingthat...假定…，若；复习：suppose;supposing;giventhat;cancel;v.取消；废除；划掉，略去，删去=calloff;meanwhile;adv.=atthesametime;同时；remark;n./v.评论；评述；话，言语；评论，意见。athemeofgeneralremark议论纷纷的事情。Didyoumakearemark你有没有说过什么话？[发表意见]makearemarkon就…说一说〔表示一点意见〕。makenoremark什么也不说。makeremarks说东道西；评论；演说；innocent；adj.无辜的；无罪的；复习：blameless;notguilty;反义：guilty;commit;vt.犯罪；做（不合法的事）；干(坏事等)，做(某事)；commitacrime犯罪。commitsin犯(宗教、道德上的)罪过。commitrobbery抢劫。commitsuicide自杀；形近：committee;委员会;commitment许诺，诺言；许诺，诺言;第405页 straightforward;adj.直接的；坦率的；复习：frank;随和的；easygoing;speakfrankly;坦率交换意见；haveafrankexchangeofviews;为人坦率;roundabout;adj.转弯抹角的；兜圈子的；Unit14humorous;adj.幽默的；滑稽的；近义：funny;amusing;ant;n.蚂蚁；复习：restaurant;elegant;elephant;sigificant;peasant;getholdof=catch;抓住；拿住；bee;n.蜜蜂；honey蜂蜜；爱人；形近：fee;复习：honeymoon蜜月；transparent;adj.透明的；复习：trans+parent;trasnplant;transfer;transport;translate;tell…apart;=tell…from;tellthedifference;辨别；区分；dot;n.圆点；点状物；复习：spot;point;mark;period;overandoveragain一再；多次；反复；surrounding;dj./n.情况；环境；周围的事物；复习：situation;condition;environment;troop;n./v.大群；〔pl.〕部队；军队；复习：force;army;navy;semicircle;adj.半圆的；半圆的东西；复习：circle;圆圈；apparent;adj.明显的；清楚的；复习：parent;transparent;clear;obvious;sideways;adv.斜着的；斜向一边的；旁，横，斜着，从旁边。复习：tooneside;cometolight显露；为人所知；复习：throwlighton;启发；使显露；maximun;n.最大量；[反义]minmun;最小量；Themaximumplusorminustheminimummakesminutedifference.最大值加上或者减去最小值只产生极小的差异.precise;adj.精确的;准确的；近义：exact;accurate;specific;adequate;adj;足够的；充足的；近义：enough;plenty;Qualifiedqualityandadequatequantityareequallyimportant.合格的质量和足够的数量同等重要。clarify;vt.澄清；说明，讲清楚，阐明。复习：makeclear;fetch;v.去拿来；取来；比较：bring;take;carry;upward；adv.向上；复习：downward(s);向下；forward；backward;toward;forward;eastward;westward;northward;southward;kid;n./v.取笑；欺骗；小孩；复习：child;teenager;youngster;disgusting;ad;使人反感的；讨厌的；复习：horrible;awful;unpleasant;dreadful;psychology;n.心理学；比较：philosophy哲学changeable;adj.易变的；不定的；复习：variable;unstable;irregular;adaption;n.适应；复习：adapt;stripe;n.条纹；条状物；复习：strip条带，长条；条板；带状地。camel;n.骆驼；复习：camera;相机；第405页 primitive;adj.原始的；上古的；复习：ancient;missile;n.导弹；复习：rocket;bomb;walnut;n.胡桃；胡桃木；复习：nut;坚果；session;n.一段时间；学期；学年；复习：term;period;Unit15voluntary;adj志愿的；自愿的；谐音：我能volun;Thevoluntaryrevolutionariesrevoltedliketheoutbreakofvolcano.志愿革命者们象火山爆发一样起义了.;adj.每年的，年度的；复习：everyyear;peryear;acknowledge;vt.承认；告知已收到；为…..表示感谢；复习：acknowledgeone"sdefeat认输。acknowledgeone"sfault认错，赔不是，道歉;复习：admit;词中词：knowledge;反义：deny;Attheedgeofthewedgedhedge,Iacknowledgedtheknowledgeableman.在边缘上,我向那位博识的人致谢.scheme;n.计划；方案；plan;plot;design;elder;adj.年长的；年龄较大的；elderly;adj.上了年纪的；过了中年的；比较：old;older;breathless;adj.使人屏住呼吸的；气喘吁吁的；dizzy;adj.头晕的；philosophyfaint;v.头晕，昏过去(away)复习：befaintwithhunger饿得头晕眼花。feelfaint感到头昏眼花eyesight;n.视力;眼力；眼界；见解，观察;复习：nearsighted;shortsighted;近视；weekly;adj.每星期的；每周一次的；复习：fortnight;两周；两星期；十四日beneficial;adj.有益的；有用的；复习：benefit;n.利益；好处；profit;interest;dogoodto;straightaway=withoutdelay;=rightaway;立刻地；communist;adj./n.共产主义的；共产主义者；复习：communism;共产主义；socialism;socialist;satisfaction;n.满足的；复习：satisfactory令人满足[满意]的，称心如意的；=satisfying;satisfactoryresults圆满的结果。复习：satisfy;v.eager;adj.热切的；渴望的；热衷于(after;about;for；beeagertodosth.极想做某事。Iameagerfor[after]newsaboutthem.我渴望得到有关他们的消息；比较：anxious;enthusiastic;worthwhile;adj.值得的，值得做的；复习：worth;deserve;It’sworthwhiledoing;timeable;计划表；进度表；时间表；复习：schedulestarve;v.挨饿；饿；复习：hungry;hunger;gohungry;adjustment;n.adjust;v.调整；调节；复习：fillin(with)=adjustto;与……想适应、协调；mature;adj.成熟的；充分发育的；复习：full-grown;ripe;raw;生的；未煮过的；未加工的，粗的;familiar;熟悉的；dueto=owingto=thanksto=becauseof=onaccountof;因为；由于；第405页 jeans;n.牛仔裤；复习：pants;trousersuniform；n.制服；军服；〔theuniform〕军人；adj.一贯不变的；始终如一的;casual；adj.随便的；复习：informal;Televisionsandtelescopesgivethevisitorsvisualabilitytoseethecasualcasualty.--电视和望远镜赋予参观者们看见偶然伤亡事故的视觉能力。shopkeeper=storekeeper店主；零售商；复习：grocery;adolescent;青春期的；少年，少女。复习：maid;youngster;youth;teenager;recent;adj.recently;adv.最近；复习：lately;whereas;conj.鉴于；然而；而，却，倒；其实，反过来。Ihatewhereasyoumerelydislikehim.你不过不喜欢他，我却恨他。复习：but;while;however;nevertheless;仍然(还)，不过possess;v.拥有；具有；复习：possession;session;学期；Unit16barber;n.理发师；〔多指为男子理发的人〕，复习：为女子理发者多用hair-dresser〕；abarber"sshop＝〔美国〕abarbershop理发店；shave;chef;n.厨师；厨师长；大厨；比较：chief;accountant;n.会计师；会计员；复习：account计算；账；账目；账户；计算书，账单；报告书，报表；adviser;顾问；复习：advise;typist;n.打字员；复习：type;typewriter;打字机;receptionist;n.接待员；招待；复习：reception;receive;greengrocer;n.蔬菜水果商；复习：grocer食品商，杂货商。astronaut;n.宇航员；复习：spaceman;pilot;adore;v.热爱；敬仰；复习：admire;respect;worship;vacant;adj.空的；未占用的；复习：avaible;empty;反义：occupied;outstanding;adj;杰出的；优秀的；复习：excellent;Iexceedtheexcellentstudentwhohasexcessiveexcellence.我胜过那个有过多优点的优秀学生marvleous;exceptional;remarkable惊人的；显著的；非凡的，非常(好)的，异常的，出众的;assess;v.评价；估价；形近：access;接近；会面;复习：evaluate;salary;n.工资；薪水；复习：wage;pay;payment;occupation;n.职业；占据；复习：profession;occupy占领，占据;amateur;n.业余爱好者；part-time;反义：professional;专业的；instant;adj,立刻；立即的；复习：instantly;adv.立刻地；一……就……;directly;immediately;flexible;adj.灵活的；有弹性的；反义：regular;fixed;I"mperplexedbytheflexiblecomplexindexofsexand第405页 age.我被灵活复杂的性别与年龄索引迷惑住了。shortly;adv.立刻；马上；复习：shortlyafter;immediately;rightaway;straightaway;significant;adj.重要的；有意义的；复习：sinificance;n.意义；nevertheless;adv/conj.虽然如此；然而；复习：yetbut;however;ontheotherhand;allthesame;drawback;n.缺点；障碍；复习：shortcoming;disadvantage;applicant;n.申请人；复习：apply;application适用，应用；运用;申请，请求；申请表格。uptodate;现代的；时新的；复习：outofdate;过时的；personnel;n.人员；人事部；复习：person;personal;accommodation;n.住宿；住所；复习：accommodate;v.留宿；收容(病人)，装载(乘客)；照应，招待。addition;n.增加；复习：inadditionto;=besides;apartfrom;qulification;n.资格；资历；复习：qualify；.v.合格；符合；qualified;adj.合格的；modest;adj.谦虚的；质朴的；复习：moudesty;n.proud;pride;holdback退缩；踌躇;阻止；抑制，压住；比较：drawback;Holdon1.拉住，抓牢。2.继续；坚持下去。3.(打电话时)不挂断；〔口语〕等一等，停住Holdout1.伸出；提出，主张;Holdup1.举起；展示;支持住；持久；忍住;Catch[claw,get,lay,seize,take]holdof抓住，掌握arithmetic;n.算术；复习：athematics;caculation;paperwork;n.文书工作；复习：file;文件；档案；punctual;adj.准时的；复习：ontime;aspunctualastheclock时间准确(的)。punctualtotheminute一分不差。tournment;n.联赛；比赛；锦标赛；复习：match;competition；tour;draft;n./v.草稿；草案；草拟；复习：outline;summary;sendoff寄出；派遣；驱逐，撵走。送别(出走、旅行等的人;复习：sendaway撵走；开除；解雇；；sendfor派人去叫[请]；遣人去拿；乞求(sendforadoctor派人去请医生。sendforabook派人去拿一本书)；sendup弄上去；使上升；发射[英语语法手册]词序(wordorder)词序就是词或句子成分在句子中的排列顺序。英语里的词和句子成分在句子里的位置比较固定。现将句子成分和虚词在陈述句中的一般位置举例说明如下：1)主语的位置在陈述句基本结构的最前面。如：Wehelpeachother.我们互相帮助。2)谓语动词的位置在主语之后。如：Wegotoschooleveryday.我们每天上学。3)表语的位置在连系动词之后。如：It"sfinetoday.今天天气很好。第405页 4)宾语的位置在及物动词或介词之后。如：Ilikethisplace.我喜欢这个地方。(及物动词的宾语的位置)Therearemanytreesinthisplace.这地方有许多树。(介词的宾语的位置)5)定语的位置单词作定语，一般放在被修饰语的前面，短语和从句作定语则放在被修饰语的后面。如：Theschoollibraryhasmanybooksonagriculture.校图书馆有许多关于农业的书。(many和onagriculture，都修饰books，many在books的前面，onagriculture则在它的后面)6)状语的位置修饰形容词或副词的状语放在被修饰语之前；修饰动词的状语有的放在动词之前，有的放在动词之后。如动词有宾语，状语一般须放在宾语之后。如：TheSummerPalaceisverybeautiful.颐和园非常美丽。(very为状语，修饰形容词beautiful，放在beautiful之前)Iknowhimwell.我十分了解他。(well为状语，修饰动词know，放在know之后)Thestudentsoftengoonapicnic.这些学生经常出去野餐。(often为状语，修饰动词go，放在它的前面)Wetakeexerciseeveryday.我们每天都运动。(everyday为状语，修饰动词take，在宾语exercise之后)[注]关于以上所讲各个句子成分在句子里的位置，详见第十六章各有关部分。7)冠词的位置冠词在名词之前。如：Imetafriendatthebus-stop.我在公共汽车站遇到一位朋友。8)介词的位置介词一般也放在名词或代词之前。如：ThereisamapofChinaonthewall.墙上有一幅中国地图。9)连词的位置连词一般放在同类的词、短语或从句之间。如：Theyworkedquicklyandefficiently.他们工作速度快，效率高。Heworksjustashardaseveryoneelsealthoughheisoversixty.他尽管六十多岁了，仍和大家一样努力工作。10)感叹词的位置感叹词常放在句子最前面。如：Oh，it"syou!啊，是你呀![英语语法手册]关于英语名词定义什么是名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词，叫做名词。如：baby婴儿time时间pencil铅笔socialism社会主义air空气Shanghai上海种类名词的种类英语名词可分为两大类：1)普通名词(commonnoun)普通名词是某一类人、某一类事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。如：soldier士兵water水pupil学生health健康第405页 machine机器pleasure快乐2)专有名词(propernoun)专有名词是个别的人、团体、地方、机构或事物的名称。其中实词的第一个字母必须大写。如：LeiFeng雷锋KarlMarx卡尔·马克思London伦敦China中国TheCommunistPartyofChina中国共产党TheGreatHallofthePeople人民大会堂TheMinistryofForeignAffairs外交部【普通名词的种类普通名词可进一步分为：1)类名词(classnoun)类名词表示人或事物属于某一类。如：tractor拖拉机panda熊猫factory工厂teacher教员2)集体名词(collectivenoun)集体名词是一些人或物的总称。如：class阶级，班herd兽群crowd人群army军队3)物质名词(materialnoun)物质名词表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的实物。如：steel钢gram粮食fire火cotton棉花4)抽象名词(abstractnoun)抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质或其他抽象概念。如：happiness幸福life生活work工作whiteness白色[注]名词又可分为可数名词(countablenoun)与不可数名词(uncountablenoun)。可数名词有单、复数之分，不可数名词一般不分单数和复数。类名词和集体名词一般是可数的；抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数的。有少数名词既可用作不可数名词，又可用作可数名词，但意义有所不同。如：用作不可数名词用作可数名词glass玻璃玻璃杯paper纸报纸，文件tin锡罐头copper铜铜币[英语语法手册]有关英语名词格的概述格(case)是名词或代词具有的形式及其变化，表示与其它词的关系。英语的名词有三个格：主格(nominativecase)、宾语(objectivecase)和所有格(possessivecase)。但英语的名词除所有格有形式的变化外，主格和宾格都没有形式变化。名词在句中是主格或是宾格，主要通过它在句中的作用和位置来确定。如：Mybrotheralwaysmisplaceshisschoolbag.我弟弟常常乱放他的书包。(brother是主语，故为主格；schoolbag是misplaces的宾语，故是宾格)Everywrittensentenceshouldbeginwithacapitalletter.每个书写出来的句子开头都要用大写字母。(sentence在句中作主语，故是主格；letter是介词with的宾语，故是宾格)表示有生命的东西的名词的所有格第405页 表示有生命的东西的名词(人或动物)的末尾，加上"s，即构成所有格，可放在另一名词之前，作定语用。如：John"sfriend约翰的朋友XiaoWang"snotebook小王的笔记本children"sbooks儿童读物myfather"sroom我父亲的房间[英语语法手册]英语名词所有格与它所修饰的名词的逻辑关系名词所有格在逻辑上可能是它所修饰的名词的主语，也可能是它所修饰的名词的宾语。1)名词所有格是它所修饰的名词的逻辑主语。如：theParty"sconcernoftheyoungergeneration党对年青一代的关怀thehatredofthesoldiersfortheenemy士兵对敌人的仇恨2)名词所有格是它所修饰的名词的逻辑宾语。如：thereactionaryrule"soverthrow反动统治的被推翻theoccupationofthecitybytheenemy敌人对该城的占领"of+名词所有格"上面讲的两种所有格的形式可以结合起来，构成"of"+所有格"形式，表示部分观念或感情色彩。这种所有格叫做双重所有格。如：1)表示部分观念：afriendofmysister"s(=oneofmysister"sfriends)我妹妹的一个朋友；apictureofMr.Wu"s吴先生(具有的照片中)的一张照片(比较：apictureofMr.Wu吴先生本人的照片，即照片上是吴先生的像)。2)表示感情色彩：thislovelychildofyouraunt"s你婶母的这个可爱的孩子名词所有格所修饰的词的省略名词所有格所修饰的词，如果前面已经提到，往往可以省略，以免重复。如：Thedictionaryisnotmine,butXiaoWang"s.这本词典不是我的，是小王的。名词所有格后面指地点等的名词，有的习惯上可省去不用。如：ImethimattheJohnson"s(shop).我在约翰逊商店遇见了他。Iwenttomyuncle"s(house)yesterday.我昨天到我叔叔家去[英语语法手册]英语冠词冠词分不定冠词(indefinitearticle)和定冠词(definitearticle)两种，一般无句子重音。1)不定冠词a，ana)a和an均用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物中的"一个"，相当于汉语的"一"，但不强调数目观念。b)a用在辅音之前，an用在元音之前。如：anotebook一个笔记本，acigarette一支香烟，anoldman一位老人，anEnglishclass一堂英语课。字母u读作[ju:]时，由于第一个音[j]是辅音，故前面用a，不用an。如：ausefulbook一本有用的书，auniversity一所大学。字母h如不发音，第一个音又是元音，前面用an而不用a，如anhour[ən"auə]一小时，anhonest[ən"nist]person一个诚实的人。c)a和an在句中分别弱读作[E]和[En]。第405页 2)定冠词thea)表示某一类人或事物中的"某一个"或"某一些"，相当于汉语的"这"或"那"。b)不论单数名词或复数名词，也不论可数名词或不可数名词，前面都可以用the。c)在元音前读[Ti]，辅音前读[TE]。如theevening[Ti5:vniN](傍晚)，thecar[TEkB:](汽车)；在元音字母u发[ju:]和半元音字母。y发[j]时，仍读[əTE]。如theunit[TE5ju:nit](单位)，theyard[TEjB:d](院子)。英语中不定冠词a(an)的用法1)指一个人、动物或一件事物属于某一类。如：XiaoXu"sfatherisaminer.小徐的父亲是矿工。(而不是其他工种)Givemeaballpen,please.请给我一支圆珠笔。(而不是钢笔或其他种类)2)指任何一个人、动物或一件事物。如：Asteelworkermakessteel.钢铁工人炼钢。(意即任何一个钢铁工人都炼钢)Atrianglehasthreeangles.三角形有三个角。(意即任何一个三角形都有三个角)3)指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：HecomesfromafirminBeijing.他来自北京某一家公司。Ayoungmanwantstoseeyou.有个青年人要见你。Acarstoppedinfrontofthegate.一辆汽车停在大门前。4)不定冠词还可指"事物的单位"，如"每日"、"每斤"等。如：Butteris4yuanakilo.黄油四元钱一公斤。Hedrovethecarat18milesanhour.他行车速度为每小时十八英里。TheChineseExportCommoditiesFairisheldinGuangzhoutwiceayear.中国出口商品交易会每年在广州举行两次。Thedoctortoldhimtotakethemedicinethreetimesaday.医生叫他一天吃三次药。定冠词the的用法1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如：ThisisthehousewhereLuXunoncelived.这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。(以别于其他房子)ThebookonthedeskisanEnglishdictionary.书桌上的那本书是一本英语词典。(特指桌上的那本书。注意名词book被onthedesk短语所限定。)CairoisthecapitalofEgypt.开罗是埃及的首都。Weplantocutthewheatinthesefieldsinthreedays"time.我们计划三天后割这些地的小麦。(特指这些地里的小麦)2)指说话人与听话人彼此所熟悉的人或事物。如：Openthedoor,please.请开门。(双方都知道指的是哪一个门)TheManagerisinhisoffice.经理在他的办公室里。(双方都知道指的是哪个经理)Let"smeetattherailwaystation.我们在火车站碰头吧。(双方都知道指的是哪一个火车站)3)复述上文提过的人或事物。如：LastweekIreadastoryandaplay.ThestoryisabouttheSecondWorldWarandtheplayaboutthelifeofuniversitystudents.上周我读了一篇故事和一个剧本。那篇故事是关于第二次世界大战的，剧本是关于大学生生活的。第405页 4)表示在世界上独一无二的事物，如thesun太阳，themoon月亮，theearth地球，thesky天空，theworld世界。5)定冠词the用于单数可数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物。如：TheChinesestudentofEnglishisapttomakesuchmistakes.中国学英语的学生容易犯这样的错误。.ThefavouritefastfoodintheUnitedStatesisthehamburger.美国最为人所爱吃的快餐是汉堡包。ThecompasswasinventedinancientChina.古代中国发明了指南针。演奏乐器时，乐器的名称前也常用定冠词the。如：AttheChildren"sPalace，somechildrenlearntoplaythepiano，otherslearntoplaytheviolin.在少年宫里，有的小孩学弹钢琴，有的学拉小提琴。[注一]语法书中的theverb(动词)和动植物学书中的theelephant(象)和therose(玫瑰)等，都属于这一类。[注二]"马是有用的动物"有下面三种说法，如：Ahorseisausefulanimal.Thehorseisausefulanimal.Horsesareusefulanimals.6)表示阶级、党派的名词前必须用"the"。如theChineseCommunistParty中国共产党，theworkingclass工人阶级，thebourgeoisie资产阶级，theLabourParty(英国)工党7)定冠词还可与某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，代表某一类人或物。如thepoor穷人，therich富人，thewounded伤员，thesick病号，thebeautiful美丽的事物。8)在序数词、形容词最高级和表示方位的名词前，常用定冠词the。如：ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.上海是中国最大的城市。Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.元月是一年中的第一个月份。Thesunrisesintheeast.日出东方。9)下面一些说法中习惯上须用定冠词the。如：inthemorning在早上或上午intheafternoon在下午intheevening在晚上togotothetheatre(cinema)到剧院(电影院)去看戏(电影)专有名词前冠词的用法专有名词前一般不用冠词，如Shanghai上海，Britain英国，EdgarSnow埃德加·斯诺。但在下列几种场合中，却经常要用定冠词。1)在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛的名称前。如：theYellowRiver黄河，theBaltic(Sea)波罗的海，thePacific(Ocean)太平洋，theAtlantic(Ocean)大西洋，theXishaislands西沙群岛，theTianshanMountains天山，theHimalayas喜马拉雅山。2)在含有普通名词的专有名词前。如：a)某些国名前：thePeople"sRepublicofChina中华人民共和国，theUnitedStatesofAmerica美国(有些国名并不含有普通名词，但也用定冠词，如：thePhilippines菲律宾，theSudan苏丹。)b)某些机关团体等组织名称前：theNationalPeople"sCongress全国人民代表大会，theStateCouncil国务院，theUnitedNations联合国第405页 c)朝代、时代的名称前：theTangdynasty唐朝，theWarringStatesperiod战国时代。3)在某些建筑物的名称前。如：theNationalArtGallery国家美术馆，theGreatWall长城，thePekingZoo北京动物园，theBritishMuseum大英博物馆。4)在报纸、杂志、旅馆等名称前。如：thePeople"sDaily《人民日报》，theReader"sDigest读者文摘，theBeingHotel北京饭店。5)在姓名复数形式前，指一家人。如：TheLiushavemovedtoTianjin.刘家已经搬到天津去了，TheGreenscametoChinaforavisitlastyear.格林一家去年来中国访问过。抽象名词和物质名词前冠词的用法1)抽象名词和物质名词表示一般概念时，前面通常不用冠词，但特指时，则须用定冠词。试比较：Waristhecontinuationofpolitics.战争是政治的继续。OurbattalionfoughtnorthandsouthduringtheAnti-JapaneseWar.我们这个营在抗日战争时期转战南北。Heisfondofmusic.他喜欢音乐。Didyoulikethemusicofthefilm?你喜欢这个影片的音乐吗?ScienceismakingrapidprogressinChina.中国科学正在飞速发展。Physicsisthescienceofmatterandenergy.物理学是研究物质和能量的科学。Chinaisrichinoil.中国石油丰富。TheoilproducedinDagangisoffirst-ratequality.大港油田生产的石油质量是头等的。2)抽象名词和物质名词如果具体化，表示一个具体情况或动作或某一类物质时，前面可用不定冠词。如：ItisagreatjoytoliveinNewChina.生活在新中国真幸福。LiuHulanhasanardentloveforthepeopleandadeephatredfortheenemy.刘胡兰热爱人民，痛恨敌人。Mao-taiisafamousChineseliquor.茅台是一种中国的名酒。Shebuiltafire.她生了个火。-Haveasmoke?--No，thanks.IgaveUpsmokinglongago.--抽支烟吧?--谢谢，我早戒烟了。不用冠词的场合1)专有名词、抽象名词和物质名词前，一般不用冠词。如：Canada加拿大，Japanese日语，love爱，hatred恨，glass玻璃，water水。2)名词前已有作定语用的this，that，my，your，whose，some，any，no，each，every等代词时，不用冠词。如：Thatismycap.那是我的帽子。Ienjoyedeveryminuteofit.我自始至终都玩得痛快。Iwantthisbook,notthatone.我要这本书，不要那本书。第405页 3)季节、月份、星期几等名称前，一般不用冠词。如：Springhascome.春天来了。Winteristhebesttimeforskating.冬天是溜冰的最好季节。HerlittledaughterwasborninApril1987.她的小女儿于1987年4月出生。WehavemathematicsonMonday.我们星期一有数学课。[注]季节前有时也用冠词。如inthespring在春季。当然也可以说inspring。4)复数名词表示某一类人或事物时，不用冠词。如：Idon"tapproveofcousinsmarrying.我不赞成表兄妹结婚。Booksaremybestfriends.书是我最好的朋友。5)称呼语前面不用冠词，表示头衔和职务(这种职务一般只由一人担任)的名词的前面也常不用冠词。如：Whatdoesthiswordmean,Father?这个词是什么意思，爸爸?Mrs.Johnsonisdirectoroftheoffice.约翰逊太太是办公室主任。6)在某些固定词组里，名词之前常不用冠词。如：byair乘飞机，atnight夜间，infact事实上，indanger在危险中，afterschool放学后，athome在家中，intown在城里，togotoschool上学去，togotobed去睡觉，togotoclass去上课，fromdoortodoor挨门挨户，frommorningtillnight从早到晚。7)三餐饭的名称前，常不用冠词。如：Haveyouhadbreakfast?你吃过早饭了吗?Afterlunchweusuallyhaveanap.午饭后我们一般都睡午觉。Whatdidyouhaveforsupper?你晚饭吃什么了?[注]但指一特定的餐食时则须用定冠词，如Comeon,orthedinnerwillbegettingcold.(快来，要不饭就凉了)。8)球类运动、棋类游戏等名词前不用冠词。如：Myyoungerbrotherlikestoplaytabletennis.我弟弟喜欢打乒乓球。Let"sgoandwatchthemplaychess.让我们去看他们下棋去。9)节日、假日等名称之前不用冠词。如：NewYear"sDay元旦NationalDay国庆节MayDay五一劳动节Children"sDay儿童节ChristmasDay圣诞节10)报纸和文章的标题常常省去冠词。如：LetterfromBeijing:WomeninCapitalCottonMill《北京来信：首都棉纺厂的妇女》(文章标题，letter之前省去了不定冠词a。)BossesForceDeadlockonPayIncreaseTalks老板们使要求增加工资的谈判陷于僵局。(报纸标题，bosses前省去the，deadlock前省去a,payincreasetalks前省去the。)[英语语法手册]代词定义代词(pronoun)是代替名词的词：代词在句子中的功用第405页 a)和名词一样，可作主语、宾语和表语。b)有些代词和形容词一样，可作定语。如：a)IamreadingTheArabianNights.我在读《天方夜谭》。(作主语)ThisisJohnSmithspeaking.(打电话用语)我是约翰·史密斯。(作主语)CanIhelpyou?我能帮你的忙吗?(作宾语)That"sall.我的话完了。(作表语)b)Hisfatherisaneye-doctor.他父亲是个眼科医生。(作定语)Allmenareequal.所有的人都是平等的。(作定语)3)格的变化有些代词有格的变化，如I我(主格)，me我(宾格)，Who谁(主格)，whom谁(宾格)。某些代词有所有格，如whose谁的，other"s别人的，somebody"s某人的，one"s一个人的。4)单复数形式有些代词有单数和复数形式。少数代词的复数形式和名词的复数形式的变化规则相同，如one-ones，other-others。其他如人称代词、物主代词、自身代词和指示代词等，其复数形式与此不同，须个别记忆。5)有或没有冠词代词之前一般不用冠词，只有少数例外。如：theother，theothers，afew，alittle等。种类英语有下列几种代词：1)人称代词(personalpronoun)a)主格：I，he，she，it，we，you，they.b)宾格：me，him，her，it，us，you，them.2)物主代词(possessivepronoun)：a)形容词性物主代词：my，his，her，its；our，your，their.b)名词性物主代词：mine，his，hers，its，ours，yours，theirs.3)自身代词(self-pronoun)：myself，yourself，himself，herself，itself，ourselves，yourselves，themselves，oneself.4)相互代词(reciprocalpronoun)：eachother，oneanother.5)指示代词(demonstrativepronoun)：this，that，these，those，such，same.6)疑问代词(interrogativepronoun)：who，whom，whose，which，what.7)关系代词(relativepronoun)：who，whom，whose，which，that.8)不定代词(indefinitepronoun)：some，something，somebody，someone，any，anything，anybody，anyone，no，nothing，nobody，noone，every，everything，everybody，everyone，each，much，many，little，alittle，few，afew，other，another，all，none，one，both，either，neither.人称代词概说表示"我"，、"你"、"他"、"我们"、"你们"、"他们"等的词，叫做人称代词。人称代词的用法1)人称代词主格的用法a)作主语Iamacook.(炊事员)Wearecooks，Youareateacher.(教师)Youareteachers.Heisabarber.(理发员)Theyarebarbers.Sheisanurse.(护士)Theyarenurses.第405页 Itisacart.(大车)Theyarecarts.b)作表语It"sI.是我。Oh，it"syou.噢，是你。[注一]第一人称单数人称代词I(我)永远要大写。(见上面例句)[注二]口语习惯上不说it"sI(he,she等)，而说It"sme(him，her等)。2)人称代词宾格的用法a)作及物动词的宾语Thedogbithim.那只狗咬了他。OurP.T.teachertaughtustoswimyesterday.我们的体育老师昨天教我们游泳。Thisismynewhat.Doyoulikeit?这是我的新帽子，你喜欢吗?b)作介词的宾语Mybrotheroftenwritestome.我弟弟常给我写信。Theytookgoodcareofus.他们无微不至地照料我们。3)人称代词的其他用法各人称代词除按照自身的人称、数和格使用外，还有下列一些特殊用法：a)报刊的编辑和文章的作者，在发表观点时，常用we代替I(同样用our代替my)。如：WebelievethatChinawillmakestillgreaterprogressinshipbuilding.我们相信中国的造船业将会有更大的发展。Inouropinionthisisthebestfilmoftheyear.我们认为这是今年最好的影片。b)用she来代替国家、城市、船舶、飞机以及动物等，以表示亲切和爱抚。如：That"sthepictureoftheDongfeng;sheisa10,000-tonclassocean-goingfreighter.那是万吨远洋货轮东风号的照片。Thedogwavedhistailwhenhesawhismaster.那狗看见主人就摇尾巴。c)北有时可用来代替小孩(child)和婴儿(baby)。如：Thechildsmiledwhenitsawitsmother.小孩见到母亲就笑了。d)they可用来代替一般的人，特别在"theysay"中。如：Theysaythere"sgoingtobeanothergoodharvestthisyear.人们说今年又是个丰收年。物主代词概说表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词的用法1)形容词性物主代词用作定语Ilovemyworkinthehospital.我喜欢我在医院的工作。Howmanystudentsarethereinhis(her)class?他(她)班上有多少学生?Therearemanygoodteachersinourschool.我们学校有许多好老师。Isawafilmlastssaturday.ItstitlewasGuerrillasonthePlains.我上星期六看了一个电影，名叫《平原游击队》。2)名词性物主代词用作主语、宾语和表语a)用作主语：Ourroomisonthefirstfloor,andtheirsisonthesecond我们的房间在一层，他们的在二层。Oursisasocialistcountry.我们的国家是社会主义国家。第405页 b)用作宾语：Ididn"tborrowherdictionary.Iborrowedhis.我没有借她的字典，我借的是他的。c)用作表语：Whosepencilisthis?－Itishers.这是谁的铅笔?--是她的。Thesetoolsareours.这些工具是我们的。[注]"of+名词性物主代词"和2.12的"of+名词所有格"的用法完全一样。如：afriendofmine我的一个朋友(表示部分观念，意即我有不少朋友，他(她)是其中之一)thislovelychildofyours你的这个可爱的孩子(有感情色彩)自身代词概说表示反射(指一个动作回射到该动作执行者本身)或强调(即用来加强名词或代词的语气)的代词叫做自身代词。自身代词的用法1)在句中作宾语，表示动作回到动作执行者的本身。如：Pleasehelpyourselftosomelea.请自己用茶。(作help的宾语)Thegirlistooyoungtolookafterherself.这女孩太小，还不能照顾自己。(作lookafter的宾语)Hewasalwaysreadytohelpothers;heneverthoughtofhimself他总是帮助别人，从不想到自己。(作thoughtof的宾语)2)在句中作名词或代词的同位语，用来加强名词或代词的语气，作"亲自"、"本人"解。它在句中可置于名词、代词之后，也可置于句子末尾。如：Youyourselfsaidso.你自己是这样说的。Thedeskitselfisnotsoheavy.书桌本身并不重。Ifixedthewindowmyself.这窗户是我自己装的。相互代词表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词的用法1)作宾语。如：Doyouoftenseeoneanother?你们彼此常见面吗?Newandoldstudentslearnfromeachother.新老同学相互学习。.JohnandTomhelpedeachother.约翰和汤姆相互帮助。2)作定语时须用所有格。如：Weareinterestedinoneanother"swork.我们关心彼此的工作。Thestudentscorrectedeachother"smistakesintheirhomework.学生相互改作业中的错误。Studentscuteachother"shair.同学们相互理发。3)each和other有时可分开用。如：Eachtriedtopersuadetheothertostayathome.两个人都彼此劝说对方留在家里。指示代词概说表示"这个"、"那个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词叫做指示代词。第405页 指示代词有：this这个，that那个，these这些，those那些，it那个，这个，Such如此的，如此的事物，same同样的，同样的事物。指示代词this，these，that，those在句中的功用指示代词this，these，that，those在句中的用法相当于名词和形容词，可用作主语、表语、宾语和定语。如：Thisisaplane，这是一架飞机。(作主语)Oh，it"snotthat.噢，问题不在那儿。(作表语)Howdoyoulikethese?你喜欢这些吗?(作宾语)ThisbookisaboutChinesetraditionalmedicine.这是一本关于中医的书。(作定语)指示代词ins，these，that，those的其它用法1)This(these)常用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物，that(those)则常用来指时间或空间上较远的事物。如：Thisisasickleandthatisanaxe.这是一把镰刀，那是一把斧子。Thesedaysarecold.这些天很冷。Inthosedaysthepoorpeoplehadahardtime.在那些日子里，穷人生活很苦。2)有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this和these则指下面将要讲到的事物。如：Ihadabadcold.That"swhyIdidn"tcome.我伤风很厉害，所以我没有来。Thosetwostatementsarenottrue.那两种说法是不真实的。WhatIwanttosayisthis：PronunciationisveryimportantinlearningEnglish.我所要说的是：语音在英语学习中非常重要。chairmanMaohonouredLinHulanwiththesewords："AgreatlifeAgloriousdeath"毛主席用下面的话表彰刘胡兰："生的伟大，死的光荣。"3)有时为了避免重复提到过的名词，常可用that或those代替。如：TheclimateofshenyangisjustasgoodasthatofBeijing.沈阳的气候跟北京的一样好。(that代替climate)Thecounty"sgrainoutputof1981wasdoublethatof1970.这个县1987年的粮食产量比1980年增加一倍。(that代替grainoutput)TelevisionsetsmadeinNanjingarejustasgoodasthosemadeinShanghai.南京出产的电视机和上海的一样好。(those代替televisionsets)4)This和that有时作状语用，表示"程度"，意谓"这么"和"那么"。如：Thebookisaboutthisthick.那本书大约有这么厚。Idon"twantthatmuch.我不要那么多。It指人时亦用作指示代词。指示代词it在汉语中不必译出。如：Whoisit?――it"sme.是谁?--是我。Oh,it"syou，LaoWang.哦，是你呀，老王。Such和same也是指示代词，其单、复数的形式相同。它们在句中可用作：1)定语TheforeignVisitorssaidtheyhadneverseensuchabeautifulcitybefore.外宾说他们从来没有看过这样美丽的城市。Wearenottalkingaboutthesamething.我们谈的不是一回事。第405页 [注]such作定语时，它所修饰的名词之前如有不定冠词，这个不定冠词应放在Such之后，如上面第一例。2)相当于名词，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等成分。Suchwerehiswords.这就是他讲的话。(作主语)ThesamecanbesaidoftheOtherarticle.另一篇文章也是同样情况。(作主语)Takefromthedrawersuchasyouneed.你需要什么，就从抽屉里拿吧。(作宾语)Hisnameandminearethesame.他和我同名。(作表语)[注]注意在same之前一般须用定冠词the。疑问代词概说"疑问代词有who(谁，主格)，whom(谁，宾格)，whose(谁的，所有格)，what(什么)和which(哪个，哪些)等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中疑问代词一般都放在句首，并在句中作为某一句子成分。如：Whoisgoingtospeaktoustomorrow?明天谁来跟我们讲话?(who作主语)Whotoldyouso?是谁告诉你的?(who作主语)Whomareyoutalkingabout?你们在说谁?(whom作宾语，但在句首时口语常用who代替whom)Whoseumbrellaisthis?这是谁的伞?(whose作定语)Whatisthat?那是什么?(what作表语)Whatdidhesay?他说什么?(what作宾语)Whichisyours，thebluepenortheredone?蓝笔和红笔哪一支是你的?(which作主语)[注一]关于疑问代词的各种用法，可参看77.70-77.72。[注二]疑问代词who，what，which等后面加单词ever，可强调语气，表达说话人的各种感情。如：Whateverdoyouwant?你到底想要什么?Whoeverisshelookingfor?她究竟是在找谁?[注三]which表示在一定范围之内的选择，what则没有这种限制。如：Whatdoyouusuallyhaveforlunch?你们午饭通常吃些什么?Whichdoyoulikebest?你最喜欢哪一个?WhichofyoucomradescomefromtheNortheast?你们同志们中间谁是东北人?疑问代词可以引导一个间接疑问句间接疑问句在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语等。疑问代词本身在间接疑问句中又担任一定的句子成分。如：Whowillbeinchargeoftheworkisstillnotdecided.谁将负责这项工作，现在还没有决定。(疑问代词who引导一个主语从句，它本身又在从句中用作主语。)Doyouknowwhathisnameis?你知道他叫什么名字吗?(疑问代词what引导一个宾语从句，而它本身又在从句中用作表语。)[注一]what所引导的名词性从句(即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句)有时不是间接疑问句。如：Whathesaysisquitetrue.他所讲的话很对。(what相当于thatwhich。它引导一个主语从句，这个从句不是间接疑问句。)Childrendowhatthenursetellsthemto第405页 do.保育员让孩子干什么他们就做什么。(what引导一个宾语从句，这个从句也不是间接疑问句。)[注二]whatever，whoever，whichever等词可引导名词性从句。这些名词性从句也不是间接疑问句。whatever，whoever，whichever也可引导表示让步的状语从句。见15.65和15.72)如：Theyeatwhatevertheycanfind.他们找到什么就吃什么。(whatever引导一个宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语。)I"vegotplentyofbooks1eft.Whoeverwantsanextracopycangetonefromme.我还剩下许多书，谁还想再要一本可来拿。(whoever引导一个主语从句，并在从句中作主语。)关系代词两种可用来引导从句并将从句和主句连接起来的代词这样的代词一方面在从句中用作句子成分，可作主语、宾语、定语等；另一方面又起连词的作用。这样的代词有关系代词和疑问代词两种。(关于疑问代词，见4.18)关系代词概说关系代词有who，whose，whom，that，which等，用来引导定语从句。它们在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语或表语；另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词(这样的名词和代词叫做先行词)。如：ThemanwhoistalkingwithMr.BrownisaneyeSpecialist和布朗先生谈话的那个人是个眼科大夫。(关系代词who在从句中用作土语，它的先行词是man)Heisthecomradewhomyouhavebeenlookingfor他就是你要找的那位同志。(关系代词whom在从句中作宾语，它的先行词是comrade，whom在口语中一般可省去)Theoldmanwhosesonisinthenavyusedtobecarpenter.儿子在海军的那位老人过去是个木匠。(关系代词whose在从句中用作定语，先行词为man)ThefilmwhichIsawlastnightisaboutayoungteacher.我昨晚看的那部电影说的是一个年轻教师的事。(关系代词which在从句中用作宾语，先行词为film,which在口语中可省略)ThisistheplanethatwillflytoTokyointheafternoon.这是下午要飞往东京的飞机。(关系代词that在从句中用作主语，先行词为plane)不定代词概说不是指明代替任何特定名词(或形容词)的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词有：some一些(可数或不可数)somebody某人someone某人something某物，某事any一些，任何(可数或不可数)anybody任何人anyone任何人anything任何事物no无(可数或不可数)nobody无人noone无一人nothing无物第405页 all全体，全部both两个neither没有人或物(指两个当中)none没有人或物(指两个以上)either任何一个(指两个当中)each每个every每个everybody每人，大家，人人everyone每人everything每一个事物，一切other(s)另一个(些)another另外一个，又一个much很多(不可数)many很多(可数)few很少(可数)afew一些，几个(可数)little很少(不可数)alittle一些(不可数)one一个(人或物)不定代词的用法不定代词大都可代替名词和形容词，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语和定语。如：1)用作主语Bothofthemarewaiters.他们俩人都是男侍者。Iseverybodyhere?人都到了吗?2)用作宾语Iknowlittleaboutthenovel关于这本小说我知道的很少。Iamspeakingformyself，notforothers.我只代表自己，不代表别人发言。Iwasinterestedineverythingthattheoldmantoldme.我对于这位老人告诉我的一切都感兴趣。3)用作表语That"sallfortoday.classisdismissed.今天就讲这一些。现在下课。Thisbookistoomuchforme.这本书对我说太难了。4)用作定语Studywellandmakeprogresseveryday.好好学习，天天向上。HehassomeEnglishbooks.他有一些英文书。chinawillbecomeapowerfulmoderncountryinanothertwentyyears.再过二十年中国将成为现代化强国。[注]有些不定代词也可用作同位语和状语。如：WangandLibothmadegoodprogress.王和李两人都有很大进步。(同位语)TheyallwenttotheZoo.他们都去动物园了。(同位语)Areyouanygoodatmathematics?你数学好吗?(状语)第405页 Themeetinglastedsometwohours.会议进行了两个小时左右。(状语)复合不定代词由some，any，no，every加上-body，-one，-thing构成的不定代词，叫做复合不定代词。1)复合不定代词有a)somebody某人someone某人something某物，某事b)anybody任何人anyone任何人anything任何事物c)nobody无一人noone无一人nothing[5nQWiN]无一物d)everybody，everyone每人，大家，人人everything每一个事物，一切2)复合不定代词的用法a)复合不定代词只相当于名词，在句中用作主语、宾语和表语。如：Everythingismadeofelements.任何东西都是元素构成的。(作主语)Ihavegotnothingtosay.我没有什么话要说。(作宾语)something和anything的区别与some和any的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。如：Haveyouanythingtosayaboutthisquestion?-No,Ihaven"tanythingtosay.(或Ihavenothingtosay.)(或Yes,Ihavesomethingtosay.)关于这个问题，你有什么话要讲吗?--我没有什么话要讲。(我有话要说。)Shetoldthemsomethingaboutherwork.她跟他们谈了一些关于她的工作上的事。(作宾语)b)复合不定代词被形容词所修饰时，形容词须放在它们的后面。如：Thereisnothingwrongwiththelathe.这个车床没有毛病。isthereanythingimportantintoday"snewspaper?今天报纸上有什么重要消息吗?Ineedsomebodystrongtohelpme.我需要一个体格强壮的人帮助我。[英语语法手册]英语数词概说定义和特征1)表示"多少"和"第几"的词，叫做数词(numeral)。2)数词与不定代词相似，其用法或者相当于形容词，或者相当于名词。种类1)基数词表示"多少"的词叫做基数词(cardinalnumeral)，如：one(一)，twenty(二十)，hundred(百)等。2)序数词表示"第几"的词叫做序数词(ordinalnumeral)，如：first(第一)，twentieth(第二十)，hundredth(第一百)等。基数词100以下的基本的墓数词1one[wQn]11eleven[i5levn]2two[tu:]12twelve[twelv]3three[Wri:]13thirteen[5We:5ti:n]4four[fC:]14fourteen第405页 5five[faiv]15fifteen[5fif5ti:n]6six[siks]16sixteen7seven[5sevn]17seventeen8eight[eit]18eighteen[5ei5ti:n]9nine[nain]19nineteen10ten[ten]20twenty[5twenti]21twenty-one[5twenti5wQn]60sixty30thirty[5WE:ti]70seventy40forty[5fC:ti]80eighty50fifty[5fifti]90ninety说明：1)13-19皆以后缀-teen[5ti:n]结尾，它们都有两个重音。注意thirteen，fifteen，eighteen的发音和拼法。2)20-90第十位数的整数均以后缀-ty[ti]结尾。3)十位数和个位数之间须用连字号"-"。如：twenty-one(二十一)，fifty-five(五十五)，ninety-nine(九十九)等。100以上的基本的基数词100hundred[5hQndrid]1,000thousand[5WauzEnd]1,000,000million[5niljEn]百万100,000,000hundredmillion一亿1,000million(=billion)十亿499fourhundredandninety-nine(101-999如此构成)3,876threethousandeighthundredandseventy-six(1001-9999皆如此构成)57,453fifty-seventhousandfourhundredandfifty-three(10001-99999)皆如此构成)768,921sevenhundredsixty-eightthousandninehundredandtwenty-one8,641,457eightmillionsixhundredforty-onethousandfourhundredandfifty-seven50,000,000fiftymillion500,000,000fivehundredmillion5,000,000,000fivethousandmillion(或fivebillion)50,000,000,000fiftythousandmillion(或fiftybillion)说明：1)100和100以上的基数词须用hundred，thousand，million,billion等。2)十位数与百位数之间有and。但也有不用and的情况，如850可以读作eighthundredfifty。基数词的用法基数词在句中可用作下列句子成分：1)主语Twoplusnineiseleven.二加九等于十一。Fourtimessixistwenty-four.四乘六得二十四。Threeofthemwenttocollegelastyear.他们当中去年有三人上大学了。第405页 (如说thethreeofthem，意思则是"他们三个人")2)宾语Givemetwo.给我两个。3)定语Therearenineteenstudentsinourclass.我们班有十九个同学。Myuncleboughttwohandtractorsrecently.我叔叔最近买了两台手扶拖拉机。(注)hundred(百)，thousand(千)和million(百万)作定语用时一律不用复数；作名词用(后面多跟of短语)时则用复数。如：Ourcountryhasapopulationofl,200millionpeople.我国有十二亿人口。Therearethreethousandstudentsintheuniversity.这所大学有三千学生。RicehasbeencultivatedintheEastforthousandsofyears.水稻在东方已经种植了几千年。Maizeisthemostimportantfoodcropformillionsofpeopleintheworld.玉米是全世界千百万人最主要的粮食。4)表语Sheisjustfourteen.她刚十四岁。HewasalreadyfortywhenhebegantolearnEnglish他开始学英语时已经四十岁了。序数词1－99的基本的序数词序数词缩写式汉译first[fE:st]lst第一second[5sekEnd]2nd第二third[We:d]3rd第三fouth[fC:W]4th第四fifth[fifW]5th第五sixth[siksW]6th第六seventh[5sevenW]7th第七eighth[eitW]8th第八ninth[nainW]9th第九tenth[tenW]10th第十eleventh11th第十一twelfth[twelfW]12th第十二thirteenth13th第十三nineteenth19th第十九twentieth[5twentiiW]20th第二十fortieth40th第四十fifty-first51st第五十一sixty-second62nd第六十二eighty-third83rd第八十三ninety-fourth94th第九十四第405页 说明：1)英语序数词1-19除第一(first)，第二(second)，第三(third)有特殊形式外，其余均由基数词后加-th[W]构成。2)有几个序数词加-th时拼法不规则，它们是：fifth，eighth，ninth，twelfth。3)十位整数的序数词的构成方法是：先将十位整数基数词的词尾-ty中的y变成i，然后加-eth[iW]。4)基数词"几十几"变成序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词，十位数不变。如twenty-one变成twenty-first。5)序数词的缩写形式，由阿拉伯数码后加上序数词的最后两个字母构成。如：1st，2nd，3rd，4th，31st，82nd，93rd，94th等。序数词的用法序数词在句中可用作下列各个句子成分：1)主语Thefirstisbetterthanthesecond.第一个比第二个要好。2)宾语Hewasamongthefirsttoarrive.他是首批到达的。3)定语ChinaexplodeditsfirstatombombinOctober1964.中国于1964年10月爆炸了第一颗原子弹。HisfatherdiedintheSecondWorldWar.他父亲在第二次世界大战中死去。4)表语Jackisalwaysthefirsttogettotheofficeinthemorning.杰克每天早晨总是第一个到办公室。[注]序数词前面常用定冠词the。分数和小数的读法1)分数(fraction)分子为基数词，分母为序数词并有复数。1／2onehalf[hB:f]；1／3one-third；2／3two-thirds；1／4one-fourth或onequarter[5kwC:tE]；3／4three-fourths或threequarters；23/5twoandthree-fifths.2)小数(decimal)0.5zero[5ziErEu]pointfive；1.25onepointtwofive；3.458threepointfourfiveeight.[英语语法手册]年、月、日、时刻表示法年、月、日表示法1)年代年代前用in。如：(in)897读作(in)eighthundredandninety-seven(in)1961读作(in)nineteensixty-one(或innineteenhundredandsixty-one)(in)1905读作(in)nineteenandfive(in)1800读作(in)eighteenhundred2)月份月份开头第一个字母须大写，表示"在某月"时，月份前面用介词in。下面月份后附有缩写式。如：(in)JanuaryJan.一月(in)AprilApr.四月(in)FebruaryFeb.二月(in)May五月第405页 (in)MarchMar.三月(in)June六月(in)July七月(in)OctoberOct.十月(in)AugustAug.八月(in)DecemberDec.十一月(in)SeptemberSept.九月(in)NovemberNov.十二月3)日期用序数词(前面须用the)表示；"在某日"，前面用介词on。如：(on)thefirst一日(on)theeighteenth十八日(on)thethirty=first三十一日4)某年某月某日inSeptember1954(读作inSeptembernineteenfiftyfour)1954年9月OnMay17，1960(读作onMay(the)seventeenthnineteenSis-ty)，1960年5月17日OnOctober1,1949(读作OnOctober(the)first，nineteenfortynine)1949年10月7日[注]thetwenties，thethirties等可用来表示"几十年代"。如intheninetiesofthelastcentury(在上一世纪的九十年代)。时刻表示法1)英语表时刻其前用at。如：Wegetupatsix(或atsixo"clock).我们六点起床。Theybeginworkateight.他们八点开始工作。2)如说"几点几分"，则用下列方法表示：a)表示"几点过几分"，用介词past，但分数须在半小时以内(包括半小时在内)。如：elevenpastseven七点过十一分aquarterpasteight八点一刻halfpastnine九点半b)表示"几点差几分"，用介词to，但分数须在半小时以上(不包括半小时在内)。如：twotoseven七点差两分aquartertoeight八点一刻eighteentonine九点差十八分[注]读时间表如上课时间表和行车时间表时，可以直接照表上数字读。日常生活中讲时刻也可用这样的说法。如：7：15读作sevenfifteen11：30读作eleventhirty9：20读作ninetwenty3：53读作threefifty-three[英语语法手册]形容词什么是形容词形容词(adjective)是修饰名词表示名词属性的词，常放在它所修饰的名词之前。如：alovelybaby一个可爱的婴儿thebeautifulpicture那幅美丽的图画modernhistory现代历史形容词的用法形容词在句中可用作：第405页 1)定语Heisagoodboy.他是个好孩子。TheChineseCommunistPartyisagreatparty.中国共产党是伟大的党。2)表语Thefilmisbothmovingandinstructive.这部电影很感动人，而且富有教育意义。Iamverygladtoseeyou.见到你很高兴。3)宾语补足语和宾语一起构成复合宾语。如：Haveyougoteverythingreadyforthejourney?你行装都准备好了吗?Wekeepourroomscleanandtidy.我们经常保持房间的整洁。4)相当于名词某些形容词前用定冠词the，变成名词化的形容词，可在句中作主语、宾语等。如：Theyoungareactive.青年人积极好动。(theyoung作主语)Theblindcanlearntoreadwiththeirfingertips.盲人能够用指尖学习阅读书籍。(theblind作主语)Hehasakeensenseofthenew.他对新鲜事物有敏锐的感觉。(thenew作宾语)[注一]上述三例中的theyoung=theyoungpeople，theblindtheBlindpeople，thenewthenewthings.(参看3.4的7)[注二]在Thesunrosered(旭日升起)中的形容词red和Don"tmarryyoung(不要早婚)中的形容词young都是主语补足语。形容词的位置形容词常放在它所修饰的名词之前。关于形容词有时可以后置的问题(见16.18)，但如有一个以上的形容词修饰名词，这些形容词的顺序则由它们和被修饰名词的关系的密切程度来决定。一般说来，关系最密切的最*近被修饰的名词，关系较疏远的离被修饰的名词也较远。如：alargewildplant一株很大的野生植物asimplemusicalinstrument一种简单的乐器asmallfiercedarkbrownanimal一种小而凶的深褐色动物(注意dark修饰brown)以上例子中的形容词之间并非并列关系，如第一例中的1arge与wild并非并列，而1arge所修饰的是wildplant。如表并列关系，形容词之间须用逗号或and。如：astrong,swifthorse一匹又壮又快的马manyhappyandhealthychildren很多幸福而健康的儿童ashortandmilitantarticle一篇简短有力的文章(militant一词较长，放在short之后，这也是英语里安排形容词位置的一种方法。)形容词的比较等级及其形式英语形容词比较等级(degreesofcomparison)一般有两个：即比较级(comparativedegree)和最高级(superlativedegree)。不用比较等级的形容词通常称为原级(positivedegree)。形容词的比较级形式是："形容词+后缀-er"或"单词more+形容词"。它的最高级形式是："形容词+后缀-est"或"单词most+形容词。[注一]形容词比较等级所加的-er和-est，自成一个音节，分别读作[E]和[ist]o如：原级比较级最高级tall[tC:l]taller[5tC:lE]tallest[5tC:list]happy[5hApi]happier[5hApiE]happiest[5hApiist]thin[Win]thinner[5WinE]thinnest[5Winist]第405页 fine[fain]finer[5fainE]finest[5fainist][注二]如果形容词原级的词末为不发音的字母r，加-er和-est时，r要发[r]音。如：near[niE]nearer[5niErE]nearest[5niErist]clear[kliE]clearer[5kliErE]clearest[5kiErist]如果形容词原级词末的发音为[N]，在加-er和-est时，[N]音后得加一个[g]音。如：strong[strCN]stronger[5strCNgE]strongest[5strCNgist]long[lCN]longer[5lCNgE]longest[5lCNgist][注三]有些形容词一般没有比较等级。如：right,wrong，woolen，wooden.不规则变化原级比较级最高级good好we11好，健康的betterbestbad坏，差worseworstmany多moremostmuch多little小，少1ess1eastfar远farther，furtherfarthest，furthest形容词前如加1ess和least，则表示"较不"和"最不"。如：interesting有趣difficult难lessinteresting较无趣lessdifficult较不难leastinteresting最无趣leasdifficult最不难形容词比较级的用法比较级用于二者的比较，其结构是：含有形容词比较级的主句+从属连词than引导的从句（从句中常省去意义上和主句相同的部分）。如：LiisolderthanZhou.李比周年纪大。(从句中省去了isold)Therearemorechildreninthisnurseythaninthatone.这个托儿所的孩子比那个托儿所多。(从句中省去了therearechildren)Aftertwoyears"physicaltraining，sheishealthierandstronger.经过两年的体力锻炼，她(比以前)健康强壮多了。(注意这里省去了从句thanshewas)Wearemuchbetteroffthaneverbefore.我们的生活比过去任何时候都要好得多。(than后省去了wewere)Paulweighslessthanharry.保尔的体重比哈利轻。MaryislesscleverthanJane.玛丽不如简那么聪明。[注一]汉语可以说"昆明的气候比兰州好"。英语必须加that，译为：TheclimateofKunmingisbetterthanthatofLanzhou.[注二]英语比较级常译作"较…"、"…一些"等，但不等于汉语的"更…"。汉语的"更…"须用"still"或"even"来表示如：Thisbookisevenmoredifficultthanthatone.这本书比那本书更难。第405页 [注三]有些情况下，汉语不用"较"等字眼，英语则须用比较级，如：Willtheyoungerpeoplegivetheirseatstooldpeople?请年轻人把座位让给老年人好不好?形容词最高级的用法形容词最高级用于二者以上的比较，其结构一般是：定冠词the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。如：Peteristheoldestboyofthemall.彼得是这群男孩中年纪最大的。(介语短语ofthemall表示范围)LondonisthebiggestcityinBritain，伦敦是英国最大的城市。(介词短语inBritain表示范围)Mt.QomolangmaistheWorld"shighestpeak。珠穆朗玛峰是世界最高峰。(注意这里表示范围的是名词所有格theworld"s)Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.这是我所看过的最好的电影。(that在口语中一般省略，that从句表示范围)[注一]形容词最高级后的名词如果在前面已提过，可省去。如：Thisnovelisthebest(that)Ihaveeverread.这是我所看过的小说中最好的一本。[注二]在口语中，形容词最高级也可以用于二者的比较。如：Thisistheshortestofthetworoads.这是两条路中最近的一条路。[注三]形容词最高级用作表语表品质时，其前不用定冠词the。如：Heishappiestwhenheisworking.他工作时最愉快。[英语语法手册]副词什么是副词副词(adverb)修饰动词、形容词和其他副词等，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。如：often往往，here这里，very很，quickly很快地。副词的构成1)本身就是副词，如now现在，there那里，rather颇。2)由形容词加词尾-1y变来，如firmly坚决地，happi1y幸福地。3)与形容词同形earlyadj.早的earlyadv.早highadj.高的highadv.高高地longadj.长的，长久的longadv.长久地副词的种类副词可分为下列几种：1)普通副词(ordinaryadverb)如：together一起，well好，seriously认真地，slowly慢，carefully小心地。2)疑问副词(interrogativeadverb)如：when何时，where何地，how如何，why为何。3)关系副词(relativeadverb)如：where，when。4)连接副词(conjunctiveadverb)如：then然后，so所以，there{ore所以，however然而，hence所以，thus这样，nevertheless然而，otherwise否则，still可是，仍然。副词的用法副词在句中可用作：1)状语(这是副词在句子中的主要功用)第405页 Itisraininghard.雨下得很大。(副词hard作状语，修饰动词israining。)Don"tdrivetoofast.车子不要开得太快。(fast是副词，作状语，修饰动词drive，副词too又修饰副词fast。)HespeaksEnglishquitewell.他英语讲得相当好。(well修饰动词speaks，quite又修饰副词well。)Thisisafairlyusefultool，这是一件相当有用的工具。(fairly修饰形容词useful)Hehasalwayshelpedhissisterwithherhomework.他一向帮助他妹妹做家庭作业。(always修饰动词hashelped)Sheoftenwentthere.她常到那儿去。(often和there均是副词，修饰动词went。)Perhapshewilltelephonelater.也许他以后会打电话来的。(perhaps是副词，用以修饰全句。)2)表语Isheup?他起床了没有?Sheisout.她出去了。3)定语Lifehereisfullofjoy.这儿的生活充满了欢乐。(here修饰名词life)副词的位置1)修饰动词时，有三种位置。2)修饰形容词和副词时，须放在被修饰词之前。如：Itisaratherdifficultjob，这是一件颇为困难的工作。(rather修饰形容词difficult)Herunsveryfast.他跑得很快。(very修饰副词fast)3)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。如：Thepeasantstherearebusydiggingacanalnow.那里的农民现在正忙于修水渠。Onmywayhome，ImetgroupsofYoungPioneers.在回家的路上我遇见成群的少先队员。副词的比较等级和形容词同形的副词的形式变化与形容词完全相同。但以词尾-1y结尾的副词(注意early一词的-1y不是副词的词尾)须用more和most。另外，须注意下面例词中well，badly的不规则变化。如：原级比较级最高级hard努力地harderhardestfast快fasterfastestwell好betterbestbadly坏worseworstearly早earlierearliestquickly快morequicklymostquicklyhappily快乐地morehappilymosthappily副词比较等级的用法1)副词比较级的用法与形容词比较级相似。如：DaviddrivesfasterthananyoneIknow.大卫开车比我所知道的任何人都要快。SheplaystabletennisbetterthanI.她乒乓球打得比我好。(从句中省略了playtabletennis)Mr.Martinusuallygetstotheofficeearlierthanothers.马丁先生到办公室通常比别人早。Theyspeaklessfluentlybutmorecorrectlythanwedo.他们讲得不如我们流利，但比我们正确。第405页 2)副词最高级用法，除副词前可以不用the外(用the也可以)，其余与形容词最高级相同。如：IworkfastestwhenI"munderpressure.我在有压力时工作得最快。HeswimsthebestinClassOne.一班他游泳最好。比较等级的一些特殊用法两种不同形式有几个形容词和副词的比较级和最高级有两种的比较等级不同形式，而且意义也不同。举例说明：1)Romeisoneoftheoldestcitiesintheworld.罗马是世界上最古老的城市之一。Hereldestdaughterisaschoolteacher.她大女儿是个教员。Myelderbrotherisincollege.HeistwoyearsolderthanI.我哥哥在上大学，他比我大两岁。[注]older，oldest说明人的年纪或事物的年代的久远，但在美国英语里也表示长幼。2)Theyreachedtheplacelaterthanwe.他们到达那儿比我们晚。Twentyyearslaterhereturnedtohishomevillage.二十年后，他回到自己的家乡。3)Whospokelast?是谁最后发言的?Whatisthelatestnewsaboutthesportsmeet?关于运动会最近有什么消息?as...as；notso...as或notas...as1)表示"相等"用as...as。2)表示"不相等"用notso...as或notas...as。如：1)Thisknifeisassharpasthatone.这把刀跟那把一样快。BillisastallasI.比尔和我一般高。Isthisbagofsoyabeansasheavyasthatone?这袋大豆跟那袋一样重吗?YouknowaswellasIdo.你和我一样明白。[注]注意as后面的形容词如作定语，而被定语修饰的名词有不定冠词a时，冠词a须放在形容词之后，如GermanisasdifficultalanguageasEnglish.(德语和英语一样难学。)。这样的词序也适用于so，如IhaveneverseensobeautifulaplaceasGuilinbefore.(我过去从未见过像桂林这样美丽的地方。)2)tianAnMenSquarewasnotsobigasitisnow.天安门广场过去没有现在这样大。TheAtlanticOceanisnotasbigasthePacificocean.大西洋没有太平洋大。表示"几倍于"用twice(两倍)，threetimes(三倍)等加as...as..如：NewYorkistentimesasbigasmyhometown.纽约有我的家乡十个大。Theoutputofthepapermillisnowthreetimesashighasitwasin1966.这家纸厂的生产比一九六六年增加两倍。Thisriveristwiceaslongasthatone.这条河比那条河长一倍。AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。[注]表示"几倍于"也可以用下面的说法，如：Threetimesthreeisnine.三乘三得九。Heistwicemyage.他的年龄比我大一倍。Thislakeisfourtimesthesizeofthatone.这个湖有那个湖四个大。第405页 Theirrigatedareainthisprovinceisfourtimesbiggerthaninl978.这个省的灌溉面积比1978年增加三倍。(fourtimesbiggerthan=fourtimesasbigas)Ourcounty"sagriculturaloutputthisyearis5percenthigherthanthatoflastyear.我们县今年农业产量比去年增长百分之五。表示程度可用much，far，still，even，a1itt1e，no，any，agreatdeal等状语来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。如：TheYellowRiverislong，buttheChangjiangRiverisevenlonger.黄河长，长江更长。Wearemuchbetteroffnow.我们的生活比过去好得多。Shesingsfarbetterthantheothers.她唱得比别人好得多。WangistallerthanZhang.LiisstillthanWang.王比张高，李比王还高。[注一]注意下面的一些说法。如：Icouldn"tmoveastepfurther，我连一步也走不动了。Themeetinglastedtwohourslongerthanusual.会议比平常多开了两个钟头。HeisaheadtallerthanI.他比我高一个头。(也可以说Heistallerthanmebyahead.)Theygotthereearlierthanwebytwentyminutes.他们比我们早二十分钟到达那里。Thestudentsoftheuniversityhaveincreasedby100percentsincel978.这个大学的学生自一九七八年以来增加了一倍。Doyouwantanymore?-Yes，givemetwomore.你还要吗?一是的，再给我两个。Haveyouanymoretickets?-Sorry，Ihavenomore.你还有票吗?－对不起，没有了。[注二]可用形容词最高级+possible或imaginable等词来强调语气。如：Ithinkheisthebestpossiblemanforthejob.我认为他做这工作最合适。(也可以说thebestmanpossible)Swimminginwinteristhebestformofexerciseimaginable.冬泳是最好的运动方式。(也可以说thebestimaginableform)[英语语法手册]英语精品--比较级[vip]"比较级+and+比较级"(后面不可接than从句)可用来表示"越来越"。如：Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.白天越来越长了。Heisbecomingmoreandmoreinterestedinsports.他对运动越来越有兴趣了。Themorethemore的用法意思是"越…，就越…"。如：Theharderyouwork，themoreyouWilllearn.你越努力，就越学得多。Thegreaterthemassofabody，thegreaterisitsinertia.物体的质量越大，它的惯性就越大。Themoreyoueat，thefatteryouget.你吃得越多，长得越胖。Themore，thebetter.越多越好。morethan和lessthan第405页 这两个固定词组分别表示"多于""少于"。如：Therearemorethanthreehundredhouseholdsinthisvillage.这个村子有三百多户人家。ThefinishedtheWorkinlessthanayear.他们不到一年就完成这项工作。Ourcountryhasestablisheddiplomaticrelationswithmorethanonehundredcountries.我国已经和一百多个国家建立了外交关系。nomorethan和notmorethannomorethan的意思是"只不过"，notmorethan的意思是"不多于"。试比较：Therearenomorethantenticklesleft.剩下不到十张票。(有"票少"的含义)Theexperimentwasdonebynotmorethan5persons.做这个试验的人不到五个。(没有"多"或"少"的含义，只是客观地说明数目)Thisroomisnobiggerthanthat.这个房间并不比那个大。(有"两个房间都不大"的含义)Thisroomisnotbiggerthanthatone.这个房间不比那个大。(没有"两个房间都不大或都不小"的含义)[注]注意not….Anymorethan或nomore...than在下面句子中的用法。如：Theycannotdotheimpossibleanymorethanwecan.他们和我们同样不能做不可能的事情。HeisnomorediligentthanIam.他和我同样不勤奋nolessthan和not1essthannolessthan的意思是"不亚于"，notlessthan的意思是"不少于"。试比较：Therewerenolessthanathousandpeopleatthemeeting.到会的有一千人之多。(有"到会人多"的含义)Therewerenotlessthanonethousandpeopleatthemeeting.到会的至少有一千人。(没有"到会人多或人少"的含义)Thissongisnolesspopularthanthatone.这首歌之受欢迎不亚于那首歌。(有"两首歌都受欢迎"的含义)Thissongisnotlesspopularthanthatone.这首歌受欢迎的程度不比那首差。(纯粹比较。不一定有"两首歌都受欢迎"的含义)Allthebetter和somuchthebetter这一类的说法都有"因此而更…"的含义。如：Ifthatisso，allthebetter.果真如此，那就更好。Ifhewillcome，somuchthebetter.如果他愿意来，那更好。[英语语法手册]动词动词概说1)动词(verb)是表示动作或状态的词。a)表示动作：swim游泳push推b)表示状态：have有be是2)英语动词有时态、语态、语气等形式上的变化。限定动词和非限定动词从是否被主语所限定来分，动词有限定动词(finiteverb)和非限定动词(nonfiniteverb)两大类。1)限定动词限定动词用作句子的谓语动词，并被主语所限定，有人称和数的变化。如：Heisatractordriver.他是一个拖拉机手。Factsaremoreeloquentthanwords.事实胜于雄辩。第405页 Wehavefriendsallovertheworld.我们的朋友遍天下。Anapplefallsbytheforceofgravitation.地心吸力使苹果落地。2)非限定动词非限定动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种，在句子里都不能单独作谓语动词，故不被主语所限定，没有人称和数的变化。如：Iampleasedtomeetyou.我很高兴与你相识。(动词不定式)Smokingisharmfultothehealth.吸烟对身体有害。(动名词)IheardthemsingingtheInternationale。我听见他们唱《国际歌》。(分词)Spokenwordsareoftenmorepowerfulthanwriting.语言往往比文字更有力。(分词)实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词从其含义来分，动词有实义动词(notionalverb)，连系动词(1inkverb)，情态动词(modalverb)和助动词(auxiliaryverb)四类。1)实义动词实义动词有完全的词义，并能独立作谓语动词。如：Thesunshonebrightlythismorning.今天早晨阳光灿烂。Helikestogoforalongwalkonsundays.他喜欢星期日出去作长距离散步。WehaveabigTVsetintheclub.我们俱乐部有台大电视机。2)连系动词连系动词在句中作谓语动词，后面跟表语。英语连系动词有be(是)，seem(似乎)，look(看来)，keep(保持)，become(变成)，get(变得)，grow(变得)，feel(感到)，turn(变得，变成)，appear(显得)，remain(仍旧是)等。如：Itisnevertoolatetomend.改过不嫌晚。Itwasaclosegame.那场球赛比分很接近。Thechildreninthisnurserylookveryhealthy.这个托儿所的孩子看起来都非常健康。Keepquiet，please!请安静!，Thetaperecorderseemsallright.这台录音机好像没有毛病。Laterhebecameadoctor.他后来成为一名医生。Theproblemremainedunsolveduntillastyear.问题到去年才解决。[注一]下面句子中的come和go也是连系动词。如：Theoldman"sdreamhascometrue.这位老人的梦想实现了。Somethinghasgonewrongwiththetruck.卡车出毛病了。[注二]有些连系动词如seem,appear等后面常跟tobe。如：Thenewtextseenstobeeasy，butactuallyitisratherdifficult.这篇新课文好像很容易，其实相当难。Sheappearstobethegirl"ssister.她似乎是那女孩的姐姐。3)情态动词情态动词有can(能)，may(可以，也许)，must(必须)等及其过去式could，might等，表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气或情态。情态动词只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词。[注]关于情态动词详见第十一章。4)助动词助动词有shall，will，have，be，should，wonld，do等。它们只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气等动词形式，以及否定和疑问等结构中的谓语动词。及物动词和不及物动词从是否需要宾语来分，实义动词又有及物动词和不及物动词两类。1)及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词(transitiveverb)。如：第405页 Ibelievethatthecommitteewillconsideroursuggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。"HowlongcanIkeepthebook?"Harryasked.哈里问："这本书我可以借多久?"Dr.Bethunesetusagoodexample.白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。Crudeoilcontainsmanyusefulsubstances.原油含有许多有用的物质。2)不及物动词本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词(intransitiveverb)。如：Birdsfly.鸟会飞。IthappenedinJune1932.这件事发生于一九三；年六月。Mywatchstopped.我的表停了。Shespokeatthemeetingyesterdayevening.她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况：a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不变。试比较：ShallIbeginatonce?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)Shebeganworkingasalibrarianaftersheleftschool.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)WhendidtheyleaveChicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的？(leave作及物动词)Theyleftlastweek.他们是上周离开的。(left作不及物动词)b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，有时意义不尽相同。如：Washyourhandsbeforemeals.饭前要洗手。Doesthisclothwashwell?这布经得起洗吗?4)与汉语的比较有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法，与汉语的用法不一样，请注意下列两种情况：a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词，而汉语则可用作及物动词，如arrive到达，agree同意，1isten听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如：Wearrivedattherailwaystationatnoon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较：Wereachedtherailwaystationatnoon.)Everybodylistenedtothelecturewithgreatinterest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)(比较：Weallheardthelecture.)Dotheyagreetotheplan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词，而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词，如serve为…服务。Ourchildrenaretaughttoservethepeoplewholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务。短语动词动词常和某些其他词类用在一起，构成固定词组，形成所谓短语动词(phrasalverb)。和动词一样，短语动词也可分为及物和不及物两种。短语动词可以作为一个整体看待，同一般动词一样使用。1)动词+介词这类短语动词用作及物动词，后面须跟宾语。如：Thesmallboyinsistedongoingwithhisparents.那男孩坚持要跟父母一起去。DoyouoftenlistentobroadcastsinEnglish?你常听英语广播吗?Lookatthechildren.Aren"ttheylovely?看着这些孩子们。他们多么可爱呀!Westandforself-reliance.我们是主张自力更生的。这一类的短语动词还有很多，如dependon(upon)(依*)，waiton(服侍)，lookfor(寻找)，deal第405页 with(对待)，lookafter(照料)，waitfor(等待)等。2)动词+副词这类短语动词有的用作及物动词，有的用作不及物动词。如：Ialwaysgetupassoonasthebellrings.我总是一打铃就起床。(不及物)Lookout，there"sacarcoming!当心，来汽车了!(不及物)Haveyouhandedinyourexercisesalready?你已经交练习了吗?(及物)Pleasedon"tforgettoputonyourcoat；it"scoldoutside.请不要忘记穿外衣，外面很冷。(及物)这一类的短语动词还有很多，及物如putout(扑灭)，eatup(吃光)，putdown(放下)；不及物如setoff(出发)，comeup(走近)，goon(继续)。[注一]"动词+副词"这类短语动词和上面第一类"动词+介词"的不同之处在于："动词+介词"用作及物动词，后面须跟宾语。"动词+副词"则有的及物，有的不及物；用作及物动词而宾语为人称代词或自身代词时，副词往往放在宾语之后。如：Pleasewakemeupatfivetomorrow.请在明天早上五点唤醒我。Ifyouhavedoneyourexercises，pleasehandthemin.如果你们练习做完了请交来。Shedoesn"tnormallybehavelikethat；she"sputtingiton.她通常并不如此表现，她是装出来的。[注二]这类短语动词有不少可兼作及物和不及物动词用。如：Hetookoffhishatwhenheenteredtheoffice.他进办公室后脱下帽子。(及物)Theplanetookoffatsevensharp.飞机在七点整起飞。(不及物)CharlierangupNeiltoaskaboutthetimeofthemeeting.查理打电话给尼尔问开会的时间。(及物)Ifyoucan"tcome，pleaseringupandletusknow.你如来不了，请来电话告诉我们一声。(不及物)3)动词+副词+介词短语动词"动词+副词"之后有的可以再加一个介词，形成另一种短语动词。这类短语动词用作及物动词。如：Donotgiveuphope.Wemustgoonwiththeexperiment不要失望。我们必须继续试验。(goonwith继续)Hecameuptome.他走到我跟前。(comeupto走近)这类短语动词还有：lookdownupon(看不起)，doawaywith(去掉)，putupwith(忍受)等。4)动词+名词+介词这类短语动词也是及物的。如Heshookhandswithalltheguestsatthebanquet.他在宴会上和宾客一一握手。YoungpioneersoftencometotheChildren"sPalacetotakepartinafter=schoolactivities.少先队员经常到少年宫来参加课外活动。Payattentiontothetemperatureofthestoredrice.注意仓库里的稻谷的温度。Herjobistakingcareofthebabies.她的工作是照顾婴儿。这一类短语动词还有：putanendto(结束)，takenoticeof(注意)，catchholdof(抓住)，losesightof(看不见)，makeuseof(利用)等动词的基本形式（principalformsoftheverb）1)英语动词的四种基本形式它们是动词原形（roomformoftheverb），过去式(pasttenseform)，过去分词（pastparticiple）和现在分词(present第405页 participle)。这四种形式和助动词一起构成动词的时态、语态和语气。原形过去式过去分词现在分词workworkedworkedworkingwritewrotewrittenwritinghavehadhadhavingdodiddonedoing2)动词原形动词原形就是词典中一般给的动词的形式，如be，have，do，work，study等。3)动词过去式和过去分词的构成有规则的和不规则的两种。规则动词(regularverb)的过去式和过去分词，由在原形后面加词尾-ed构成。[注]少数双音节动词，尽管重音在第一个音节，仍双写末尾的辅音字母，然后再加-ed。如：5travel－traveled5level－1evelled5total－totaled5model－modelled但美国英语不双写辅音字母，如travel-traveled。不规则动词(irregularverb)的过去式及过去分词的形式是不规则的。这些动词为数虽不多，但都是比较常用的，必须熟记。不规则动词表见本书附录一。4)动词的现在分词由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。其构成方法如下：a)一般情况下，直接加-ing：go-going去stand-standing站立ask－askinganswer-answering回答study－studying学习be-being是see-seeing看[注一]和名词复数、动词第三人称现在一般时加-s(-es)不同，动词末尾如为"辅音字母+y"时，y不变，其后直接加-ing。如studying[5stQdiiN]，fly-flying[5flaiiN]，carry-carrying[5kAriiN]。[注二]动词结尾为辅音字母r时，加-ing，r在此必须发音。如：enter[5entE]－entering[5entEriN]进入answer[5B:nsE]－answering[5B:nsEriN]回答wear[wZE]－wearing[5wZeriN]穿b)以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，再加-ing。如：come-coming来write-writing写take－taking拿become-becoming变成c)动词是闭音节的单音节词，或是以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词，而末尾只有一个辅音字母时，这个辅音字母须双写，然后再加-ing。如：Sit－sitting坐run-running跑Stop-stopping停止begin-beginning开始admit-admitting承认forget－forgetting忘记[注一]send，think，accept等动词虽是闭音节或以重读闭音节结尾，但末尾有一个以上的辅音字母，因此，这个辅音字母不双写，应直接加-ing。如：sending，thinking，accepting。[注二]少数双音节的动词，重音在第一音节，仍双写末尾的辅音字母，然后再加-ing。如：5travel-traveling5level-levelling第405页 5total-totaling5model-modelling美国英语不双写辅音字母，如travel－traveling。d)少数几个以-ie止结尾的动词，须将ie变作y，再加ing。如：die-dying死，tie-tying捆，缚，系lie-lying躺，说谎[注]少数以-c结尾的动词变为过去式和现在分词时，须先将-c变为ck,然后再加-ed或-ing。如：picnicpicnickedpicnickingtraffictraffickedtrafficking[英语语法手册]一般时态现在一般时的基本用法l)表示现在存在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态。常与everyday，twiceaweek(每周二次)，often(常，往往)，usually(通常)，always(总是)，seldom(很少)，sometimes(有时)等时间状语连用。如：SheisourEnglishteacher.她是我们的英语老师。Hetakesawalkaftersuppereveryday.他每天晚饭后散步。Thechildrengotoschoolatseveneverymorning.孩子们每天早晨七点上学。2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。如：Heworkshard.他工作很努力。(即：他是一个勤劳的人。)Doesshelikesports?她爱好运动吗?(即：她是个运动爱好者吗?)Thechildrendrawwell.这些孩子很会绘画。(表示能力)3)表示客观事实或普遍真理。如：Thesunrisesintheeast.太阳从东方升起。Twoplustwomakesfour.二加二等于四。Knowledgeispower，知识就是力量。现在一般时的其他用法l)在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。如：Whentheyleaveschool,theywillgotoworkinTibet.他们毕业后将到西藏去工作。IfYouseehim，willYoutellhimtoringme叩?如果你见到他，叫他给我打个电话好吗?We"llvisitthecottonmillifitisfinetomorrow.如果明天天晴，我们就去参观纺织厂。2)表示安排或计划好的将来的动作(一般只限于某些表示移动的动词，如go，come，leave，start等)。如：Thetrainstartsatteno"clockinthemorning.火车将于上午十点钟开出。WhendoestheJapaneseYouthdelegationleaveforXian?日本青年代表团什么时候去西安?Supperisatfivetoday.今天五点开晚饭。3)引用书籍报刊或其作者时，一般须用现在一般时。如：Marxsaysthataforeignlanguageisaweaponinthestruggleoflife.马克思说外国语是人生斗争的武器。ThestorydescribeshowaYoungscientistdevelopsanewtheory.故事描写一个青年科学家如何建立了一个新的理论。第405页 4)主句中的谓语动词如是过去时态，其宾语从句的谓语动词一般也须用过去时态。但宾语从句如说的是客观真理，它的谓语动词仍须用现在一般时。如：Galileoinsistedthattheearthmovesroundthesun.伽利略坚持地球绕太阳运行的说法。[注]图片说明、电影说明、故事重述、戏剧的舞台说明以及报纸上的标题和故事的题目，常用现在一般时，小说一般用过去时态。但为了描写得生动，也往往用现在一般时和其他现在时态。5)在某些常用句子中表示在一个具体的现在时间所发生的动作或存在的状态(即不是经常发生的动作或存在的状态)。如：Whattimeisitnow?现在是几点钟?Thepatientismuchbetternow.病人现在好多了。WhatisShanghailikenow?上海现在的情况如何?在下面的感叹句中亦须用现在一般时。如：Herehecomes.他来了。(注意here必须在句首)Theregoesthebell.铃响了。(注意there必须在句首)过去一般时的基本概念过去一般时(pastindefinitetense)表示过去的动作或状态。这种动作或状态可能只限于一次，也可能是经常性的。如：Hewenttotownyesterday.他昨天进城了。(一次性动作)Theweatherwaswarmlastmonth.上个月天气很暖和。WhenIwasYoungItookcoldbathsregularly.我年轻时常洗冷水浴。(经常性动作)过去一般时的形式l)概说过去一般时由规则或不规则动词的过去式表示；除be外，其余动词没有人称和数的变化。各种动词的否定结构和一般疑问结构，与现在一般时的否定结构和一般疑问结构相同。2)动词be第一人称单数和第三人称单数用was，其余用were。3)动词have一律用had，没有人称和数的变化。4)行为动词一律用过去式，没有人称和数的变化。现将过去一般时在肯定、否定、一般疑问和简略答语等四种结构。过去一般时的用法l)表示过去的动作或状态常带有如yesterday，two、daysago，lastweek，inl958等时间状语以及由when等连词引导的时间状语从句。如：WehadagoodswimlastSunday.我们上星期天游泳游得真痛快。Shesuddenlyfellillyesterday.昨天她突然病倒。2)叙述过去连续发生的一件件事。如：Hegotupearlyinthemorning，fetchedwater，swepttheyardandthenwentouttowork.他早上起得很早，打水，扫院，然后出去劳动。3)也可以表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。如：Whenmybrotherwasateenager，heplayedtabletennisalmosteveryday.我弟弟十几岁时，几乎每天都打乒乓球。[注]表示过去经常的或反复的动作，也可以用would加动词原形或用usedto加动词原形。如：Whenhewasachildhewouldgoskatingeverywinter.在他还是个孩子时，每年冬天都去滑冰。Mr.Higginsusedtohaveabighouseindowntown.黑根斯先生在市区曾经有座大房子。第405页 MyelderbrotherusedtobeinthePLA.Heisnowapoliceofficer.我哥哥曾经是解放军，现在是警官。4)在条件、时间状语从句中表示过去将来的动作。如：Theysaidtheywouldletusknowiftheyheardanynewsabouthim.他们说如果听到什么关于他的消息，就通知我们。HepromisedmethatwhenhewenttothebookstorehewouldgetmeacopyoftheSelectedStoriesofLuXun.他答应我去书店的时候替我买一本《鲁迅小说选》将来一般时的基本概念和形式将来一般时(futureindefinitetense)表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。将来一般时由助动词shall(第一人称)或will(第二、三人称)+动词原形构成。美国英语则不管什么人称，一律用will现将将来一般时在肯定、否定、一般疑问及其简略答语等四种结构中。将来一般时的用法1)表示将来的动作或状态，常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow(明天)，nextweek(下周)，fromnowon(从现在开始)，inamonth(一个月后)，inthefuture(将来)等。如：Mydaughterwillbetwelveyearsoldtomorrow.我的女儿明天整十二岁。Hewillcometoseeyouthedayaftertomorrow.他后天要来看你。TheindoorswimmingpoolwillbeopentothepublicfromOctober16.室内游泳池自十月十六日起开放。Hewillgotothetechnicaltrainingclasseveryotherday.他将每隔一天到技术训练班去学习。Ishallgobacktoseemychildhoodfriendsinthesummervacation.暑假我要回去看我儿时的朋友。TodayweshallhaveareportonthesituationinAfrica.我们今天有关于非洲形势的报告。2)表示将来经常发生的动作。如：Weshallworkinthisfactoryeveryday.我们将每天在这工厂工作。其他表示将来的说法1)"begoing+动词不定式""多用于口语中，常表示打算、即将、决心去做的事或可能要发生的事。如：WearegoingtovisittheMuseumofChineseHistory.我们要去参观中国历史博物馆。(表打算)LittleWangstudiesveryhard，heisgoingtotryforascholarship.小王学习非常努力，他将争取获得奖学金。(表决心)Lookatthoseclouds.It"sgoingrain.瞧那些云，要下雨了。(表估计可能)Thewallisgoingtocollapse!那墙要倒塌了?(即将)2)go,come,leave,start等表示移动的动词，可用现在进行时来表示即将发生的动作。3)"beabout+动词不定式"表示即将发生的动作。如：TheEnglisheveningisabouttobegin.英语晚会即将开始。Weareabouttoleave，sothereisnotimetovisithimnow.我们就要离开了，所以现在没有时间去看他。4)"be+动词不定式"表示安排或计划好了的动作等，(参看10.2的3)。如：Theboysaretogotoschoolnextweek.这些男孩子下周要上学了。HeandIaretomeetattheShanghaiRailwayStation.他和我约定在上海火车站见面。I"mtobehomebeforemidnight.我午夜前回家。过去将来一般时的基本概念和形式过去将来一般时(future-in-the-pastindefinitetense)表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。第405页 过去将来一般时由should(第一人称)或would(第二、三人称)加动词原形组成。美国英语则不论什么人称，一律用would。过去将来一般时的用法过去将来一般时常用在宾语从句中。如：IranguptotellmyauntthatIShouldleaveforLosAngelesnextMonday.我打电话告诉我姑母下星期一我要到洛杉矶去。MichaelsaidthatabouttwentyagronomistsWouldcomehereinafewdays.迈克尔说，过几天大约二十个农艺师要到这里来。Theywantedtoknowwhenyouwouldfinishthearticle.他们想知道你什么时候写完这篇文章。WeaskedhimwhereweShouldgotoworknextweek.我们问他我们下周上哪儿去干活。[注]在实际运用中，过去将来的动作也常用8.16中各种说法的过去时表示。[英语语法手册]关于进行时态种类及形式基本概念进行时态(continuoustense)表示在过去、现在或将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行或发生的动作。种类及形式进行时态有现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、过去将来进行时四种，均由助动词be的四种一般时态的形式加现在分词构成。一般时态与进行时态的区别一般时态与进行时态的主要区别有二：1)一般时态通常表示经常的动作或状态，而进行时态则表示在某一时刻或某段时间正在进行着的动作。如：Wereadnewspaperseveryday.我们每天读报。Sheisnowreadingthenewspaper.她现在正在读报。2)一般时态表示主语的固有特征、能力等，而进行时态则表示主语在某一时刻或某段时间内所进行的具体动作。如：Hesingswell.他唱得很好。Heissingingafolksong.他在唱一首民歌。[注]并不是所有的动词都能用进行时态，例如表达状态、感情和感觉的某些动词，通常只能用一般时态而不能用进行时态，例如"know"(知道)一般就不能用进行时态。这类动词还有be(是)，have(有)，1ove(爱)，hate(恨)，want(想要)，1ike(喜欢)，think(认为)，believe(相信)，see(看见)，hear(听见)等。现在进行时的基本概念1)现在进行时表示此时此刻(说话人说话时)正在进行的动作，它并不表明这一动作从什么时候开始，到什么时候结束。汉语常用"(正)在"或"着"来表示这种时间关系。如：Whatareyoudoing?－I"mdoingsomewashing.你在干什么?--我在洗衣服。Look!Itissnowing.瞧!下着雪哩。Sheisdrawingamap.她在画一张地图。Aretheylisteningtothemusic?－NO，theyarelisteningtotheradio.他们在听音乐吗?--不，他们在听收音机。第405页 2)现在进行时可表示现阶段正在进行着的动作，虽然此时此刻这个动作可能并不在进行。如：Heisworkingonapaper.他在写一篇论文。Theyarecompilingadictionary.他们在编一本词典。3)现在进行时有时可表示将来发生的动作，有"意图"或"打算"的含义(用于go，come，stay，1eave，start等表示移动的动词)。如：Heiscorningtoseeyoutomorrow.他明天要来看你。TheyaregoingtotheMingtombsthiscomingSunday.这个星期天他们要到十三陵去。TheyaretakingthechildrentothezooonSunday.他们星期天要带孩子们去动物园。WhatareyoudoingnextSunday?I"mgoingonapicnicwithmywifeanddaughter.这个星期天你要干什么?我要和妻子和女儿去野餐。过去进行时的基本概念过去进行时(pastcontinuoustense)表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。如：Iwaspracticingtheviolinateighto"clockyesterdayevening.昨晚八点钟我正在练习小提琴。WhenWalterarrivedhome，hissisterwasdoingherhomework.沃尔特到家时，他妹妹正在做作业。PatwaswatchingTVallevening.帕特整个晚上都在看电视。过去进行时的形式过去进行时由was(第一、三人称单数)或were(其余各人称和数)加现在分词所构成。过去进行时的基本用法表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，这一特定的时间往往须用时间状语来表示。如：ShewasreadinganEnglishmagazinewhenIcamein.我进来时她在看一本英文杂志。Itwasgettingdark.天黑了。Theywereworkingalldayyesterday.他们昨天整天工作。Wewerecleaningtheauditoriumfrom7to9lastnight.昨晚七点到九点我们在打扫大礼堂。Imethimwhenhewascrossingthestreet.他过街时我碰见他。过去进行时的其他用法1)表示移动的动词go，come，start，stay，leave等的过去进行时，可以表示过去将来发生的动作。如：TheywantedtoknowwhenwewereleavingforShanghai.他们想知道我们什么时候到上海去。Sheaskedwhetherhewasstartingthenextday.她问他是否第二天就动身。2)动词go的过去进行时态加动词不定式，可以表示在过去某一时间之后将要发生的动作。(比较8.24的3)如：Theysaidtheyweregoingtosetupanursery.他们说他们要设立一个托儿所。ShesaidtheforeignguestsweregoingtovisittheShanghaiindustrialExhibition.她说外宾要去参观上海工业展览会。Themonitorannouncedthatournewteacherwasgoingtospeaktous.班长宣布新老师要跟我们讲话。3)过去进行时可用来描写故事发生的背景。如：Itwasadarknight.Thewindwasblowinghardandtherainwasfallingheavily.Ayoungwomansuddenlyappearedontheriverbank.itwasXier.ShehadjustescapedfromHuangShiren"shouse.那是一个漆黑的夜晚。风刮得很厉害，雨下得很大。一个年轻妇女突然出现在河岸上。这就是喜儿。她刚从黄世仁的家里逃了出来。第405页 过去一般时与过去进行时用法比较过去一般时通常表示过去发生的一个单纯的事实，而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作，强调在这一过程中所进行的动作或展开的情景。试比较：Webuiltabridgelastwinter.去冬我们修了一座桥。(意即去冬我们做了这件事，桥已经修好了。)Wewerebuildingahydro-electricstationlastwinter.去冬我们在修水电站。(意即去冬我们一直在修水电站，修完与否不详)Iwrotealetterhomelastnight.昨晚我写了一封家信。(意即)昨晚我做了这件事，信写完了。)IwaswritingalettertomypenfriendinAmericalastnight.昨晚我在给我的美国笔友写信。(意即昨晚我一直在写信，不一定写完)将来进行时的基本概念、形式和用法将来进行时(futurecontinuoustense)表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。1)将来进行时的形式由助动词be的将来式，即shallbe(第一人称)或willbe(第二、三人称)加现在分词构成。美国英语一律用will。2)将来进行时的用法a)表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。如：ThistimetomorrowIshallbeflyingtoGuangzhou.明天这个时候我将在飞往广州的途中。Whatwillyoubedoingateighttomorrowmorning?明天上午八点钟你将做什么?Ihopeyouwon"tbefeelingtootired.我希望你不要太累。We"llbewatchingtelevisionallevening.我们整个晚上都将看电视。b)表示将来被客观情况所决定的动作或者按照安排将要发生的动作。如：We"llbehavingteaafterdinnerasusual.像通常一样，我们晚饭后将要喝茶。Theleaveswillbefallingsoon.树叶很快就会脱落。I"llbeseeinghimintheofficetomorrow.我明天在办公室会见他。Weshallbehavingameetingtomorrowmorning.我们明天要开一个会。I"llbetakingmyholidayssoon.我不久即将度假。过去将来进行时的基本概念、形式和用法过去将来进行时(future-in-the-pastcontinuoustense)表示在对过去某一时间而言的将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。1)过去将来进行时的形式由shouldbe(第一人称)或wonldbe(第二、三人称)加现在分词构成。美国英语一律用wonld。2)过去将来进行时的用法a)表示在过去的将来的某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。如：HeaskedmewhatIshouldbedoingattenthenextday.他问我第二天十点钟我将干什么。Theysaidthattheywouldbeexpectingusthenextweek.他们说他们下个星期等我们去。b)表示在过去某一时间之后即将或按计划进行的动作。如：Hesaidhecouldnotcomebecausehewouldbehayingameeting.他说他不能来，因为要开会。一般时态与进行时态的区别一般时态与进行时态的主要区别有二：第405页 1)一般时态通常表示经常的动作或状态，而进行时态则表示在某一时刻或某段时间正在进行着的动作。如：Wereadnewspaperseveryday.我们每天读报。Sheisnowreadingthenewspaper.她现在正在读报。2)一般时态表示主语的固有特征、能力等，而进行时态则表示主语在某一时刻或某段时间内所进行的具体动作。如：Hesingswell.他唱得很好。Heissingingafolksong.他在唱一首民歌。[注]并不是所有的动词都能用进行时态，例如表达状态、感情和感觉的某些动词，通常只能用一般时态而不能用进行时态，例如"know"(知道)一般就不能用进行时态。这类动词还有be(是)，have(有)，1ove(爱)，hate(恨)，want(想要)，1ike(喜欢)，think(认为)，believe(相信)，see(看见)，hear(听见)等。现在进行时的基本概念1)现在进行时表示此时此刻(说话人说话时)正在进行的动作，它并不表明这一动作从什么时候开始，到什么时候结束。汉语常用"(正)在"或"着"来表示这种时间关系。如：Whatareyoudoing?－I"mdoingsomewashing.你在干什么?--我在洗衣服。Look!Itissnowing.瞧!下着雪哩。Sheisdrawingamap.她在画一张地图。Aretheylisteningtothemusic?－NO，theyarelisteningtotheradio.他们在听音乐吗?--不，他们在听收音机。2)现在进行时可表示现阶段正在进行着的动作，虽然此时此刻这个动作可能并不在进行。如：Heisworkingonapaper.他在写一篇论文。Theyarecompilingadictionary.他们在编一本词典。3)现在进行时有时可表示将来发生的动作，有"意图"或"打算"的含义(用于go，come，stay，1eave，start等表示移动的动词)。如：Heiscorningtoseeyoutomorrow.他明天要来看你。TheyaregoingtotheMingtombsthiscomingSunday.这个星期天他们要到十三陵去。TheyaretakingthechildrentothezooonSunday.他们星期天要带孩子们去动物园。WhatareyoudoingnextSunday?I"mgoingonapicnicwithmywifeanddaughter.这个星期天你要干什么?我要和妻子和女儿去野餐。过去进行时的基本概念过去进行时(pastcontinuoustense)表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。如：Iwaspracticingtheviolinateighto"clockyesterdayevening.昨晚八点钟我正在练习小提琴。WhenWalterarrivedhome，hissisterwasdoingherhomework.沃尔特到家时，他妹妹正在做作业。PatwaswatchingTVallevening.帕特整个晚上都在看电视。过去进行时的形式过去进行时由was(第一、三人称单数)或were(其余各人称和数)加现在分词所构成。过去进行时的基本用法表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，这一特定的时间往往须用时间状语来表示。如：第405页 ShewasreadinganEnglishmagazinewhenIcamein.我进来时她在看一本英文杂志。Itwasgettingdark.天黑了。Theywereworkingalldayyesterday.他们昨天整天工作。Wewerecleaningtheauditoriumfrom7to9lastnight.昨晚七点到九点我们在打扫大礼堂。Imethimwhenhewascrossingthestreet.他过街时我碰见他。过去进行时的其他用法1)表示移动的动词go，come，start，stay，leave等的过去进行时，可以表示过去将来发生的动作。如：TheywantedtoknowwhenwewereleavingforShanghai.他们想知道我们什么时候到上海去。Sheaskedwhetherhewasstartingthenextday.她问他是否第二天就动身。2)动词go的过去进行时态加动词不定式，可以表示在过去某一时间之后将要发生的动作。(比较8.24的3)如：Theysaidtheyweregoingtosetupanursery.他们说他们要设立一个托儿所。ShesaidtheforeignguestsweregoingtovisittheShanghaiindustrialExhibition.她说外宾要去参观上海工业展览会。Themonitorannouncedthatournewteacherwasgoingtospeaktous.班长宣布新老师要跟我们讲话。3)过去进行时可用来描写故事发生的背景。如：Itwasadarknight.Thewindwasblowinghardandtherainwasfallingheavily.Ayoungwomansuddenlyappearedontheriverbank.itwasXier.ShehadjustescapedfromHuangShiren"shouse.那是一个漆黑的夜晚。风刮得很厉害，雨下得很大。一个年轻妇女突然出现在河岸上。这就是喜儿。她刚从黄世仁的家里逃了出来。过去一般时与过去进行时用法比较过去一般时通常表示过去发生的一个单纯的事实，而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作，强调在这一过程中所进行的动作或展开的情景。试比较：Webuiltabridgelastwinter.去冬我们修了一座桥。(意即去冬我们做了这件事，桥已经修好了。)Wewerebuildingahydro-electricstationlastwinter.去冬我们在修水电站。(意即去冬我们一直在修水电站，修完与否不详)Iwrotealetterhomelastnight.昨晚我写了一封家信。(意即)昨晚我做了这件事，信写完了。)IwaswritingalettertomypenfriendinAmericalastnight.昨晚我在给我的美国笔友写信。(意即昨晚我一直在写信，不一定写完)[英语语法手册]过去将来进行时态过去将来进行时的墓本概念、形式和用法过去将来进行时(future-in-the-pastcontinuoustense)表示在对过去某一时间而言的将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。1)过去将来进行时的形式由shouldbe(第一人称)或wonldbe(第二、三人称)加现在分词构成。美国英语一律用wonld。2)过去将来进行时的用法a)表示在过去的将来的某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。如：HeaskedmewhatIshouldbedoingattenthenextday.他问我第二天十点钟我将干什么。第405页 Theysaidthattheywouldbeexpectingusthenextweek.他们说他们下个星期等我们去。b)表示在过去某一时间之后即将或按计划进行的动作。如：Hesaidhecouldnotcomebecausehewouldbehayingameeting.他说他不能来，因为要开会。一般时态与进行时态的区别一般时态与进行时态的主要区别有二：1)一般时态通常表示经常的动作或状态，而进行时态则表示在某一时刻或某段时间正在进行着的动作。如：Wereadnewspaperseveryday.我们每天读报。Sheisnowreadingthenewspaper.她现在正在读报。2)一般时态表示主语的固有特征、能力等，而进行时态则表示主语在某一时刻或某段时间内所进行的具体动作。如：Hesingswell.他唱得很好。Heissingingafolksong.他在唱一首民歌。[注]并不是所有的动词都能用进行时态，例如表达状态、感情和感觉的某些动词，通常只能用一般时态而不能用进行时态，例如"know"(知道)一般就不能用进行时态。这类动词还有be(是)，have(有)，1ove(爱)，hate(恨)，want(想要)，1ike(喜欢)，think(认为)，believe(相信)，see(看见)，hear(听见)等。现在进行时的基本概念1)现在进行时表示此时此刻(说话人说话时)正在进行的动作，它并不表明这一动作从什么时候开始，到什么时候结束。汉语常用"(正)在"或"着"来表示这种时间关系。如：Whatareyoudoing?－I"mdoingsomewashing.你在干什么?--我在洗衣服。Look!Itissnowing.瞧!下着雪哩。Sheisdrawingamap.她在画一张地图。Aretheylisteningtothemusic?－NO，theyarelisteningtotheradio.他们在听音乐吗?--不，他们在听收音机。2)现在进行时可表示现阶段正在进行着的动作，虽然此时此刻这个动作可能并不在进行。如：Heisworkingonapaper.他在写一篇论文。Theyarecompilingadictionary.他们在编一本词典。3)现在进行时有时可表示将来发生的动作，有"意图"或"打算"的含义(用于go，come，stay，1eave，start等表示移动的动词)。如：Heiscorningtoseeyoutomorrow.他明天要来看你。TheyaregoingtotheMingtombsthiscomingSunday.这个星期天他们要到十三陵去。TheyaretakingthechildrentothezooonSunday.他们星期天要带孩子们去动物园。WhatareyoudoingnextSunday?I"mgoingonapicnicwithmywifeanddaughter.这个星期天你要干什么?我要和妻子和女儿去野餐。过去进行时的基本概念过去进行时(pastcontinuoustense)表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。如：Iwaspracticingtheviolinateighto"clockyesterdayevening.昨晚八点钟我正在练习小提琴。WhenWalterarrivedhome，hissisterwasdoingherhomework.沃尔特到家时，他妹妹正在做作业。第405页 PatwaswatchingTVallevening.帕特整个晚上都在看电视。过去进行时的形式过去进行时由was(第一、三人称单数)或were(其余各人称和数)加现在分词所构成。过去进行时的基本用法表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，这一特定的时间往往须用时间状语来表示。如：ShewasreadinganEnglishmagazinewhenIcamein.我进来时她在看一本英文杂志。Itwasgettingdark.天黑了。Theywereworkingalldayyesterday.他们昨天整天工作。Wewerecleaningtheauditoriumfrom7to9lastnight.昨晚七点到九点我们在打扫大礼堂。Imethimwhenhewascrossingthestreet.他过街时我碰见他。过去进行时的其他用法1)表示移动的动词go，come，start，stay，leave等的过去进行时，可以表示过去将来发生的动作。如：TheywantedtoknowwhenwewereleavingforShanghai.他们想知道我们什么时候到上海去。Sheaskedwhetherhewasstartingthenextday.她问他是否第二天就动身。2)动词go的过去进行时态加动词不定式，可以表示在过去某一时间之后将要发生的动作。(比较8.24的3)如：Theysaidtheyweregoingtosetupanursery.他们说他们要设立一个托儿所。ShesaidtheforeignguestsweregoingtovisittheShanghaiindustrialExhibition.她说外宾要去参观上海工业展览会。Themonitorannouncedthatournewteacherwasgoingtospeaktous.班长宣布新老师要跟我们讲话。3)过去进行时可用来描写故事发生的背景。如：Itwasadarknight.Thewindwasblowinghardandtherainwasfallingheavily.Ayoungwomansuddenlyappearedontheriverbank.itwasXier.ShehadjustescapedfromHuangShiren"shouse.那是一个漆黑的夜晚。风刮得很厉害，雨下得很大。一个年轻妇女突然出现在河岸上。这就是喜儿。她刚从黄世仁的家里逃了出来。过去一般时与过去进行时用法比较过去一般时通常表示过去发生的一个单纯的事实，而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作，强调在这一过程中所进行的动作或展开的情景。试比较：Webuiltabridgelastwinter.去冬我们修了一座桥。(意即去冬我们做了这件事，桥已经修好了。)Wewerebuildingahydro-electricstationlastwinter.去冬我们在修水电站。(意即去冬我们一直在修水电站，修完与否不详)Iwrotealetterhomelastnight.昨晚我写了一封家信。(意即)昨晚我做了这件事，信写完了。)IwaswritingalettertomypenfriendinAmericalastnight.昨晚我在给我的美国笔友写信。(意即昨晚我一直在写信，不一定写完)将来进行时的基本概念、形式和用法将来进行时(futurecontinuoustense)表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。1)将来进行时的形式由助动词be的将来式，即shallbe(第一人称)或willbe(第二、三人称)加现在分词构成。美国英语一律用will。2)将来进行时的用法第405页 a)表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。如：ThistimetomorrowIshallbeflyingtoGuangzhou.明天这个时候我将在飞往广州的途中。Whatwillyoubedoingateighttomorrowmorning?明天上午八点钟你将做什么?Ihopeyouwon"tbefeelingtootired.我希望你不要太累。We"llbewatchingtelevisionallevening.我们整个晚上都将看电视。b)表示将来被客观情况所决定的动作或者按照安排将要发生的动作。如：We"llbehavingteaafterdinnerasusual.像通常一样，我们晚饭后将要喝茶。Theleaveswillbefallingsoon.树叶很快就会脱落。I"llbeseeinghimintheofficetomorrow.我明天在办公室会见他。Weshallbehavingameetingtomorrowmorning.我们明天要开一个会。I"llbetakingmyholidayssoon.我不久即将度假。过去将来进行时的墓本概念、形式和用法过去将来进行时(future-in-the-pastcontinuoustense)表示在对过去某一时间而言的将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。1)过去将来进行时的形式由shouldbe(第一人称)或wonldbe(第二、三人称)加现在分词构成。美国英语一律用wonld。2)过去将来进行时的用法a)表示在过去的将来的某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。如：HeaskedmewhatIshouldbedoingattenthenextday.他问我第二天十点钟我将干什么。Theysaidthattheywouldbeexpectingusthenextweek.他们说他们下个星期等我们去。b)表示在过去某一时间之后即将或按计划进行的动作。如：Hesaidhecouldnotcomebecausehewouldbehayingameeting.他说他不能来，因为要开会。[英语语法手册]现在完成时态现在完成时的基本概念和形式现在完成时（Presentperfecttense）表示动作发生在过去，但与现在情况有关系，即用一个发生在过去的动作来说明现在的情况。现在完成时由动词have(has)+过去分词构成。现在完成时的基本用法1)表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚完成，汉语常用"了"或"过"来表示。如：Ihavefinishedmywork.我把工作做完了。Wehavesetupmanynewfactoriesinthisarea.我们在这个地区建立了许多新工厂。Shehasreadallthesebooks.她把这些书都读完了。2)动作在过去完成，表示"经验"或"结果"。汉语常用"过"来表示。如：HaveyoueverseentheplayTheDoll"sHouse?你看过话剧《傀儡家庭》吗?Yes，Ihaveseenittwice.我看过两遍了。Ihavelearnttodrive.我学过开车。ThemanhaslivedinChina.那人在中国住过。[注]注意be在下面句子中的意义。如：第405页 Wherehaveyoubeen?－I"vebeentothelaboratory.你上哪儿去了?--到实验室去了。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou?―No，I"veneverbeenthere.你到过杭州吗?--没到过。Howhaveyoubeen?－I"vebeenwellthankyou.你近来身体好吗?--谢谢你，我近来很好。现在完成时与过去一般时的区别现在完成时和过去一般时都表示在过去完成的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果、影响等，而过去一般时则表示动作发生在过去，一般不表示和现在的关系。试比较：1)Ihavelostmypen.我把钢笔丢了。(意即还没找到，现在我没有笔用。)Shelostherpenyestoday.她昨天把笔丢了。(笔是昨天丢的，现在找到与否，没有说明。)2)IhavebeentotheAgriculturalExhibition.我看过这个农业展览会。(强调我知道它的内容)IwenttotheAgriculturalExhibitionlastweek.我上周参观了这个农业展览会。(只说明我上周参观过展览会这件事)3)Whohasopenedthedoor?谁把门开了?(现在门还开着)Whoopenedthedoor?谁开的门?(指过去，与现在无关。现在门是关着还是开着，没有说明。)4)A：Haveyouhadyourlunch?你吃过年饭没有?(意即你现在不饿吗?)B：Yes，Ihave.吃了。(意即我现在饱了，不要再吃了。)A：Whendidyouhaveit你什么时候吃的?(说话人感兴趣的是"吃"这一动作发生在什么时候。)B：Ihaditabouthalfanhourago.我是大约半小时前吃的。现在完成时的其他用法1)还可表示动作发生在过去，并且一直延续到现在，甚至还可能继续延续下去。这时常和since所引导的短语或从句或for引导的短语连用(for有时可以省去)。HowlonghaveyoubeeninBeijing?－IhavebeeninBeijingforfouryears.你在北京呆了多久?--我在北京呆了四年。Isaac"sfatherhasbeenaschoolteachersince1968.艾萨克的父亲从一九六八年以来就当教师。Wehaven"thadavacationforalongtime.我们好久没放假了。Threeyearshavepassedsinceweleftschool.我们毕业已经三年了。[注]但在下面的句子中，主句的谓语动词可以用现在一般时。如：ItisthreeyearssinceIbegantoworkonthestatefarm.我在国营农场工作已经三年了。(美国英语用hasbeen，下例同此)It"salongtimesinceIsawyoulast.好久没见了。2)在条件、时间状语从句中表示将来完成的动作。I"llgowithyouwhenIhavefinishedmyhomework，我做完作业后就和你一块去。We"llwaithereuntilyouhaveWrittentheletter.我们将在这里等你写完信。PerhapsI"llknowmoreEnglishafterIhavelearntitfortwoyears.我学完两午后，懂的英语或许就会多些了。现在完成时的时间状语问题1)现在完成时说明的是现在的情况，是现在时态，因此不能和表示过去时间的状语如yesterday，1asrmonth，threeyearsago，inl960等连用。这些时间状语只能和过去时态连用，表示过去的动作。但现在完成时可和表示过去时间的副词just和before连用。如：Hehasjustcome.他刚到。第405页 Wehaveseenthemoviebefore，我们以前看过这个电影。2)现在完成时常和表示不确定的时间的副词already，never，ever，always，yet，not...yet，often等连用。如：Haveyoueverbeeninaplane?你坐过飞机吗?Thenewbookshavenotarrivedyet.新书还没有到。TheXishalslandshavealwaysbeenChineseterritory.西沙群岛一直是中国的领土。Haveyouheardfromhimyet?你接到他的信了吗?Theyhavealreadyfinishedtheirexperiment.他们已经做完试验了。Manywesternershaveneverseenagiantpanda.许多西方人从没见过大熊猫。WehaveoftenbeentotheSummerPalace.我们常到颐和园去玩。3)现在完成时可以和包括"现在"在内的时间状语连用，如now，today，thismonth，thisyear等。如：Wehaveplantedmanyfruittreesthisyear.我们今年种了很多果树。HaveyouseenBennytoday?你今天见到本尼了吗?We"vehadalotofrainthissummer.今年夏天雨下得很多。但如说话人所感兴趣的只是在这段时间内发生了某一动作，而不是这一动作与现在的关系时，须用过去时态。如：Theconferenceopenedthismonth.会议是本月开幕的。Theirfarmsetupapumpingstationthisyear.他们农场今年新修了一个抽水站。现在完成时可和疑问副词where，why，how连用，但通常不和疑问副词when连用(when一般只与过去时态连用)。如：Wherehaveyoubeen?你去哪儿了?(询问经过情况。如说Wheredidyougo?则只问地点)Whyhaveyouturnedofftheradio?你干吗把收音机关了?(强调和现在的关系，意即收音机关着。如说Whydidyouturnofftheradio?则强调关收音机这一过去的动作。)过去完成时过去完成时的基本概念和形式过去完成时(pastperfecttense)表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。简言之，过去完成时所表示的时间就是"过去的过去"。过去完成时由助动词had+过去分词构成。过去完成时的用法1)过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前业已完成的动作。这个过去的时间可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示。如：Bytheendoflastweekwehadlearnedtenlessons.到上周末为止，我们已经学了十课书。HehadlearnedsomeEnglishbeforehecametotheinstitute.他来学院之前学过一些英语。Ididn"tgotothefilmbecauseIhadseenittwice.我没去看电影，因为这片子我已看过两次了。WhenIhadgoneovermylessonsItookarest.我复习完功课之后，休息了一会儿。IgavemylittlesistertheflowersthatIhadboughtforher.我把给妹妹买的花送给她。Intheexhibitionhesawmanyoilpaintingsthathehadneverseenbefore.他在展览厅里见到许多过去从未见过的油画。2)过去完成时可以表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，常和for(有时可以省去)或since构成的短语或since引导的从句连用。如：第405页 Itrainedyesterdayafterithadbeendryformanymonths.在天旱了好几个月之后，昨天下雨了。BytheIreadhisnewbook，Ihadknownhimforalongtime.到我读他的新书时，我早就知道他了。HesaidthatgreatChangeshadtakenplaceinhishometownsince，1980.他说7980年以来他的家乡大变样了。[注]当一个由when，before，after，assoonas等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接时，两个动作均可用"一般过去时"来表示。如：Wehadbreakfastafterwedidmorningexercises.做完早操后，我们吃早饭。WhenIfinishedsupper，Itookawalk.我晚饭后就去散步。Thetrainstartedtomovejustbeforehereachedtheplatform.他到月台时火车刚开走。Theystartedploughingassoonastheygottothefields.他们一到地里就开始耕地。将来完成时的基本概念和形式将来完成时(futureperfecttense)表示在将来某一时间之前所完成的动作。它的形式由shall(第一人称)或will(第二、三人称)加have再加过去分词所构成。美国英语一律用will。将来完成时的用法将来完成时表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作。如：Bytheendofthisweek，Ishallhavefinishedthebook.到本周末，我将读完这本书。Bythistimetomorrowtheywillhaverepairedthemachine.明天这时候，他们将修好这台机器。ThechildrenwillhavegonetosleepbythetimeWegethome.到我们回家时，孩子们将已睡了。Whenyoucometonightateighto"clock，Ishallhavewrittenmypaper.你今晚八点钟来时，我将会写完文章了。BynextyearourteacherwillhavetaughtEnglishfortwentyyears.到明年我们的老师将已教二十年英语了。[英语语法手册]完成进行时态过去将来完成时过去将来完成时(pastfutureperfecttense)表示在过去将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作。它的形式由should(第一人称)或Would(第二、三人称)加have再加过去分词构成。美国英语一律用Would。用法举例：Hesaidhewouldhavepaidmebackthemoneybytheendoftheweek.他说将在周末前还我钱。Wetoldhimthatweshouldhavereturnedtothecampbyfouro"clock.我们告诉他我们将于四点前回营地。IhopedshewouldhavefinishedtheworkbeforeIgotback.我希望她在我回来之前做完那活儿。种类完成进行时有现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时、将来完成进行时和过去将来完成进行时四种。现在完成进行时的用法1)表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在。现在这个动作可能已经终止，也可能仍然在进行着。如：Ihavebeenwaitingforyoufortwohours.我等了你两个小刊(动作不再延续下去)Ithasbeenrainingforthreehours.雨已经下了三小时了。(动作可能延续)Hehasbeenworkingonthepaperallday.他整天都在写论文(动作是否延续下去，由上下文决定。)第405页 HowlonghaveyoubeenlearningEnglish?--IhavebeenlearningEnglishfortwoyears.你英语学多久了?--我们学了两年了。(动作可能延续)Whyareyousodirty－I"vebeenplayingfootball.你身上怎么这样脏?--我刚才踢足球了。(动作不再延续下去)2)有些不能用现在进行时态的动词，如be，havelike，love，know，see，hesr等，同样也不能用现在完成进行时，而只能用现在完成时。如：Shehasbeenillforalongtime.她已经病了好久了。Ihavenotseenyouforages.我好久没有见到你了。现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较1)现在完成时所表示的动作，到现在为止已经完成；现在完成进行时往往表示动作仍然继续下去。如：IhavebeenreadingLuXunthisweek.本周我一直在读鲁迅的著作。(我仍然在读。)IhavereadAMadmanisDiarythisweek.我本周读了《狂人日记》。(我本周开始读而且已经读完它了。)IhavereadThestoryofAhQbefore.我以前读过《阿Q正传》。(过去经历)2)现在完成时强调动作的最后结果；现在完成进行时则强调动作的直接结果。如：Nowwehavecleanedtheroom，wecanmovethethingsin.房间已打扫过了，我们可以把东西搬进去了。(强调最终结果)Youlooksotired.Whathaveyoubeendoing?你看来很累的样子，你干什么来着?(强调直接结果)过去完成进行时(pastperfectcontinuoustense)1)过去完成进行时的形式一律为hadbeen+现在分词，无人称和数的区别。2)过去完成进行时的用法过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始并延续到过去这个时间，这一动作可能还在进行，也可能已经停止。如：Hetoldmethathehadbeenwaitingformefortwohours.他对我说他等了我两小时。(动作不再延续)Thebabyhadbeencryingforfifteenminuteswhenhermothercamein.妈妈进来时，婴儿一直哭了十五分钟。(动作可能还在进行)Itseemedtoherthattheboyshadbeenshoutingforalongtime.她似乎觉得这些男孩一直叫喊了很久。(动作可能还在进行)Theteacherhadbeenteachingforfortyyearsbythetimeheretired，这位教师退休前一直教了四十年的书。(动作不再进行)[英语语法手册]何谓"时态的一致"定义某些从句(主要是宾语从句)中谓语动词的时态，常常受主句中谓语动词时态的影响，这叫做时态的一致(sequenceoftenses)。主句中的谓语动词如为现在或将来时态时从句中的谓语动词可以用任何所需要的时态。如：Hesayshisfatheris(was，willbe)anengineer.他说他父亲是(过去是，将来要做)一个工程师。Canyoutellmewhenyoufinished(willfinish)thework?你可否告诉我你什么时候完成的(会完成)这项工作?主句中的谓语动词如为过去时态时第405页 从句中的谓语动词一般须用过去时态。这又可分为下面三种情况：1)如果从句里的谓语动词所表示的动作与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，从句须用过去一般时或过去进行时。如：Hetoldmehewasunwell.他告诉我他不大舒服。Shesaidherbrotherwasreadingamagazineatthemoment.她说她弟弟正在读一本杂志。2)如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句的谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句须用过去完成时。如：Hesaidhehadpostedtheletter.他说他已经把信发了。Ourteachertoldushehadbeentolndia.我们老师说他到过印度。3)如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作在主句的谓语动词所表示的动作之后，从句的谓语动词须用过去将来时态。如：TheydidnotknowwhentheywouldgototheGreatWall.他们不知道什么时候去参观长城。Hesaidhewasgoingtobeanactorafterleavingschool.他说他毕业后要当演员。[注]主句的谓语动词如是过去时态，还须注意下面两种特殊情况：1)从句所说明的如果是一般真理或客观事实，则仍用现在时态。如：Theteachertoldthepupilsthattheearthisround.老师告诉学生地球是球形体的。Somebodytoldmeyouanawriter.有人告诉我说你是一个作家。2)从句如果有表示某一具体时间的状语，谓语动词所表示的动作虽发生在主句的谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般仍用过去一般时，不用过去完成时。如：Theteachertoldhispupi1sthattheChineseCommunistPartywasfoundedinShanghaiinl921.老师告诉学生中国共产党于一九二一年在上海诞生。Myfathertoldmethatmygrandfatherwasborninl900.我父亲告诉我，我祖父生于一九OO年。[英语语法手册]助动词助动词的形式与作用1)英语常用的助动词(auxiliaryverb)有shall，will，should，would，be，have，do等。助动词一般无词义，不能单独作谓语动词。助动词在句中的作用，在于帮助构成各种时态、语态、语气、否定和疑问结构等。如：Chinahasenteredagreatnewera.中国已进入了一个伟大的新时期。(帮助构成完成时态)Someboysareplayingonthegrass.一些男孩正在草地上玩。(帮助构成进行时态)MotheriswrittenbyGorky.《母亲》是高尔基写的。(帮助构成被动语态)WeShallhavethefootballmatchifitdoesnotrain.如果不下雨，我们就赛足球。(帮助构成将来时态和否定结构)Doyouseemypoint?你明白我的意思吗?(帮助构成疑问结构)[注]在否定结构中，not须放在助动词后面。2)助动词加not一般都有简略式，用于口语中。如：isnot-isn"twouldnot--wouldn"tarenot--aren"t[B:nt]havenot--haven"twasnot--wasn"thasnot--hasn"twerenot--weren"t[wE:nt]hadnot--hadn"t第405页 shallnot--shan"t[FB:nt]donot--don"t[dEunt]willnot--won"t[wEunt]doesnot--doesn"tshouldnot--shouldn"tdidnot--didn"tbe助动词be的形式变化和动词be。be作为助动词的用法有下列几种：1)be后跟动词的现在分词可以构成各种进行时态。如：Thedriveriscleaningthecar.司机在擦车。Yesterdayafternoonwewerediscussinganewplan.昨天下午我们在讨论一个新的计划。Womeninourcountryareplayinganimportantpartinsocialistconstruction.我国妇女在社会主义建设中正起着重要的作用。2)be后跟动词的过去分词可以构成被动语态。如：Alotofconsumergoodsaremadeofnylon.许多消费品都是尼龙作的。TheFlowerShowisusuallyheldhereinOctober.花展通常于10月在此举行。ThecinemawillbeclosedforrepairfromMarch3rd.影院自三月三日起修理内部停止营业。3)be加动词不定式有下列各种用法：a)表示未来的安排或计划。如：ThedelegationistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.代表团定于明天去上海。I"mtobehomebeforemidnight.我午夜前一定回来。b)表示必要或命令或问对方的意志。如：You"retohandinyourexercisestomorrow.你们明天要交练习。WhereamItoputthesetools?这些工具应该放在什么地方?Whatistobedone?怎么办?c)表示"可能"，与can或may相仿。如：Iamnotsurewhetherheistoturnuptonight.我不能断定他今晚是否能来。Mykeyisnowheretobefound.我哪儿也找不着我的钥匙。d)be+about+动词不定式则表计划即将，如：Themeetingisabouttobegin.会议即将开始。have的过去式是had。Have(had)作为助动词和过去分词一起，构成各种完成时态。如：IhaveknownMr.Smithforfouryears.我认识史密斯先生已经四年了。Hehasnotmadeuphismindyet.他还没有决定呢。Awomancameinwithababy，whohadjustswallowedasafetypin.一个妇女带进来一个刚吞进一个别针的婴儿。[注]have的简略式是"ve，has的简略式是"s，had的简略式是"d，如I"ve，you"ve，he"s，I"d，we"d，he"d，they"d等。do的过去式是did。do(did)作为助动词，有下列一些用法：1)构成现在一般时和过去一般时的疑问句和否定句。如：第405页 Doyouknoweachother?你们两人认识吗?Howdoyoufindtheclimatehere?你觉得这里的气候怎么样?ShedidnotgotohospitalafterbreakfastShewenttoworkasusual.早饭后她没有去医院，她照常上班去了。2)构成否定的祈使句。如：Don"tbesocareless.不要那么粗枝大叶。Donothesitatetocomewhenyouneedhelp.有困难只管来。3)加强陈述句和祈使句的语气。如：Idothinkheisright.我确实认为他是对的。Docomeoften.一定常来呀。Doask，ifyouhaveanyquestions.如果有问题，务必提出。4)用于倒装句中。如：OnlythendidIunderstandtheimportanceofscience.只是到了那时，我才了解到科学的重要性。NeverdidIexpecttoseehimthere.我从未想到会在那里看到他。5)还可用来代替主要动词，以避免重复。较常用在简略答语中。如：Doeshealsostudygeography?他也学地理吗?――Yes，hedoes.是的，他也学地理。Diditsnowalotlastweek?――Yes，itdid。上星期雪下得多吗?--是的，下得很多。Heworksevenharderthanyoudo.他比你还要用功。[注]上面最后一句中的do应唤作替代词，只是为了初学者的方便而放在助动词项下。shall和Will助动词shall本身没有词义，只用在第一人称的将来时态中(现多为will所代替)。在将来一般时中，shall后接动词原形。如：Ishallthinkitover.我要好好考虑一下。Don"tworry.Weshalltellyouallaboutit.你别担心。我们都会告诉你的。助动词will本身没有词义，只用在第二、三人称的将来时态中。will在将来一般时中后接动词原形。如：Hewillbetwenty-fiveyearsoldnextmonth.他下个月将是二十五岁。YouwillhaveanexaminationinEnglishtomorrow.你们明天有英语考试。Theweatherforecastsaysthatthere"llbeheavyraintomorrow.天气预报明天有大雨。should和would助动词should是shall的过去式，它本身没有词义，用于第一人称的过去将来时态中(现多用would)。should在过去将来一般时中后接动词原形。如：WeweretoldthatweshouldsighttheTreasurelslandthatnight.我们被告知那天夜里我们就要看见宝岛了。助动词would是will的过去式，它本身没有词义，用于第二、三人称的过去将来时态中。would在过去将来一般时中后接动词原形。如：Hesaidthathewouldalwaysrememberthatday.他说他将永远记住那一天。第405页 [英语语法手册]情态动词概述特征1)情态动词(modalverb)本身有词义，表示说话人的语气或情态，但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语动词，一般只能和动词原形一起构成谓语动词。2)情态动词所表示的情态有：命令、允诺、请求、拒绝、愿望、愿意、义务、必要、可能、能力、敢于、需要等。3)情态动词(ought除外)和助动词shall，will，should，would一样，后面的动词不定式一般皆不带。形式变化1)没有人称和数的变化，第三人称单数的现在时也无变化。如：IcanWecanYoucanYoucanHeTheycanShecanIt2)有些情态动词有过去式，有少数过去式和它的原形相同。a)有过去式的情态动词有：may--wouldcan――couldmay――nightshall--shouldhaveto--hadtob)过去式不变的情态动词有：must-must(或hadto)oughtto-oughttoneed---needdare-dare(亦可用dared)3)大多数情态动词后面可用动词的进行式、完成式和被动形式，如：can(may，must)bedoing，can(may，must)havedone，can(may，must)bedone等。否定式情态动词和助动词一样，后面可直接跟否定词not。现将情态动词的否定式及其否定式的简略式(简略式用于口语中)列举如下：shallnot--shan"t[FB:nt]willnot---won"t[wEunt]cannot-can"t[kB:nt]mustnot-mustn"t[5mQsnt]shouldnot--shouldn"twouldnot--wouldn"tcouldnot--couldn"tdarenot-daren"t[dZEnt]第405页 neednot--needn"t在疑问句中的用法情态动词在疑问句中的用法和助动词相同。如：MayIaskyouaquestion?我可以问你一个问题吗?Canyouletmeuseyourdictionaryforaminute?你能把字典借我用一会儿吗?Wouldyouliketovisittheheavymachineryplant?你想参观重型机器厂吗?注意haveto在疑问句中的位置。如：Doyouhavetogoouttoday?你今天一定得出去吗?Doeshehavetofinishtheworktomorrow?他明天非做完这项工作不可吗?[英语语法手册]情态动词－－can,couldcan和couldcan的词义表示体力或脑力方面的"能力"或客观上的"可能"。如：Canyourideabike?Yes，Ican.你能骑自行车吗?是的，我能骑。CanMr.Smithusechopsticks?No，hecan"t.史密斯先生会用筷子吗?不，他不会。Mostwomenherecanreadandwritenow.这里的多数妇女都能识字，也会写字。InChinaevenbarrenmountainscanbeturnedintofertilefields.在中国，荒山也能变成良田。can用在否定句和疑问句中时在这种句子中，can常可意谓"可能"，表示猜测和推理。如：Itsurelycan"tbesixo"clockalready?不可能已经六点钟了吧?Youcan"tbehungrysosoon，Tom.You"vejusthadlunch.顿姆，你不可能饿得这么快，你刚吃过午饭。Shecannotbesocareless.她不可能这么粗心。Wherecanhebe?他会在什么地方呢?Whatcanhemean?他会是什么意思呢?Itsurelycan"tbesixo"clockalready?不可能已经是六点钟了吧?[注一]can加动词的进行时态，也可表示"可能"。如：Whatcanhebedoingallthistime?他一直会是在干什么呢?Shecannotbeplayingping-pongnow.她现在不可能在打乒乓球。[注二]在日常会话中，can可代替may表示"允许"，may比较正式，如：Youcandropinanytime.你随时都可以来串门。CanIuseyourbasin?ofcourse，youcan.我可以用你的脸盆吗?--当然可以。Youcanhavemyseat，I"mgoingnow.我要走了，你坐我的座位吧。Couldcould是Call的过去式，表示与过去有关的1)能力和2)可能(在否定和疑问句中)。如：1)Weweresurethathecoulddothework.我们肯定他能做这工作。Hewasafarmhand.Hecouldnotaffordtosendhissontoschool.他是个雇农，他供不起儿子上学。2)AtthattimewethoughttheStorycouldnotbetrue.那时我们以为所说的事不可能是真的。[注]could可代替can表示现在，但语气较为婉转。如：第405页 couldyouwaithalfanhour?请你等半个小时好吗?couldyoupleaseringupagainatsix?六点钟请你再来电话好吗?couldwevisitakindergarten?I"vebeenwantingtoseeoneeversinceIcametoChina.我们可以访问一个幼儿园吗?我自从到中国来以后，一直想看一所幼儿园。[注二]表示过去的能力并已完成一具体动作时须用were(was)able(to)，不可用could。如：Iamgladwewereabletocatchthetrain.我很高兴我们能赶上火车。但如未完成一具体动作，则可用couldnot。如：Iamsorrywecouldn"t(或weren"tableto)catchthetrain.我很遗憾我们没有能赶上火车。can的形式can只有现在式can和过去式could两种形式，能表示现在一般和过去一般两种时态，有时也能表示将来。所有其他时态(包括将来)须用beable加动词不定式来表示。如：Withtheirhelp,weshallbeabletofinishtheworkinafewdays.有他们的协助，我们将会在几天之内完成这项工作。TheyhavenotbeenabletocometoBoston.他们没有能到波斯顿来。Mr.JohnsonrangupjustnowtoSaythathewon"tbeabletocomeoverthisevening.约翰逊先生刚来电话，说今天晚上他来不了。can，could用于否定或疑问句中can(could)用于否定或疑问句中后面跟动词原形的完成式时，表示对过去发生事件的"可能性"。而could较can更加表示说话人的"不肯定的"语气。如：Canhehaveleftalready?他会是走了吗?Couldshehaveforgottenmyaddress?她会把我的地址忘记了吗?Itcouldn"thavebeenhenry.Hehasgonetothefactory.不可能是亨利，他已经去工厂了。Surelyshecannothavearrivedsoearly.他当然不可能这么早到这里的。[注]could加动词的完成式时，有时表示"过去可能完成但事实上并没有实现的动作"。如：Youcouldhavedonetheworkbetter.你本来可以做得更好些。(事实上你做得不那么好)Youcouldhavegottheearlytrain.你本来可以搭上早班火车的。(事实上没搭上)[英语语法手册]情态动词--mustmustmust的词义must表示"必须"或"应当"。如：Imustleaveat9:00我必须在九点钟离开这里。Soldiersmustobeyorders.士兵必须服从命令。Youmustgettothestallionbeforethreeo"clock.你必须在三点钟以前到达车站。Youmustcomeearliertomorrow.你明天得早点来。must的否定式must的否定形式mustnot表示"不应该"或"不许可"，语气比较强烈。如：Wemustn"twasteourtime.我们不应该浪费我们的时间。第405页 Passengersmustnotwalkacrosstherailwayline.旅客不要横穿铁路。Youmustn"tmissthatmodernballet，Itisextremelygood.你可不要错过这个现代芭蕾舞剧，它好极了。Onemustnotdivorceoneselffromthemasses.不应该脱离群众。[注]说"不必"须用neednot。如：Mustwehandinourexercisestoday?－No，Youneedn"t.我们必须今天交练习吗?--不，不必今天交。must也可表示过去must只有现在式，通常用以表示现在，但有时也可以表示过去(多用在间接引语中)。如：Hetolduswemustallbereadybynine.他告诉我们在九点钟以前都得准备好。Itwastoolatetogoback，wemustgoon.太晚了，回不去了，我们只有继续往前走。[注]haveto(必须)则可以表示各种时间。如：IamafraidYouwillhavetowaitawhile.我看你得等一会儿。AteverystepIhadtopullmylegsoutofthesnow.我每走一步都得将双腿从雪中拔出来。must也可表示说话人对事物的推测但比may肯定得多，相当于汉语的"一定"或"准是"。如：Hemustbeinthelibrarynow.他现在准是在图书馆。Theoldmanmustbeoverseventynow.那老人准有七十多岁了。Shemustknowhowtodofarmwork.她一定懂得怎样干农活。Youateverylittleatbreakfasttoday.Youmustbehungrynow.你今天早餐吃得很少，现在一定饿了。[注]must加动词原形的进行式，也可表示对现在发生的动作的推测，有"一定"、"准是"的意思。如：Shemustbeworkingontheexperimentalplot.她现在一定在试验田里工作。must加动词原形的完成式说明对过去事物的推测，表示"一定"或"准是"的意思。如：Imailedthelettertwoweeksago.Shemusthavereceivedit.我是两星期以前发的信，她一定已经收到了。ShemusthavestudiedEnglishbefore.她以前一定学过英语。Howdidyouknowaboutit?Somebodymusthavetoldyou.你怎么知道这事的?一定有人告诉你了。[英语语法手册]情态动词--may,mightmay和mightmay表示"允许"或"请求"MayIcomein?－Yes，do.我可以进来吗?--请进。MayIborrowyouraincoat?我可以借用你的雨衣吗?Youmaygonow.你现在可以走了。Youmayringusupanytimeduringofficehours.在办公时间你可以随时给我们打电话。[注]may表示"允许"的否定形式是mustnot(不应该，不许可)。如：MayItakethisbookoutofthereading-room?－No，youmustn"t.我可以把这本书拿出阅览室吗?--不行。may还可表示说话人的猜测，认为某一事情"或许"或"可能"发生Wemaycallonyouthisevening.我们也许今天晚上来看你。第405页 Shemaynotgototheconcerttonight.今晚她可能不去听音乐会了。Thenewsmayormaynotbetrue.消息也许是真的，也许不是真的。[注]may用在感叹句中可表示祝愿，愿望如：Mayyousucceed.祝你成功。Mayyouhaveapleasantjourney.一路平安。might为may的过去式Thespeakersaidwemightaskhimanyquestion.作报告的人说我们可以向他提任何问题。HesaidhemightgotothePalaceMuseumonSunday.他说他星期天可能去参观故宫博物院。[注一]night也可代替may，表示现在，但语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。如：Henightnotcometoday.今天他也许不来了。MightImakeasuggestion?我可以提个建议吗?[注二]might用来表示现在时，还可表示"规劝"，如：Youmight，paymoreattentiontospokenEnglish.你要更多地注意英语口语。Youmightshutthewindows.Thewindisblowingsohardoutside.关上窗户吧。外面风很大。may(might)后加动词的完成式表示对过去的推测，认为某一事情在过去"可能"发生。这里may和might都指过去，不过might较为含蓄委婉或更加不肯定(常用于肯定结构)。如：Nickmay(might)havegonetothelibrary.尼克可能到图书馆去了。Ourmanagermay(might)havegonetoHarbinlastweekend.我们的经理上周末可能已经去哈尔滨了。Shemay(might)havemissedtheplane.她也许没赶上飞机。[注一]may和might常用在sothat和inorderthat所引导的目的状语从句中(现在英语中还经常用can)。如：Writeisinsimplelanguageinorderthateverybodymayunderstandit.为了大家都看得懂，你要用简明的文字写。Hedied，sothatothersnight1iye.他为了别人而牺牲了。[注三]might加动词的完成式，可说明某一事情在过去没有实现并含有"劝告"甚至"责备"的意思。如：Youmighthavetoldmeearlier.你本来可以早点告诉我的。Youmighthavebeenmorecareful.你本来可以多加小心。[英语语法手册]情态动词－－havetohavetohaveto加动词原形表示"不得不"、"必须"的概念。它比must更含有"客观条件使得必须如此做"的意思，并有较多的时态。如：Mr.Johnsonhastoworkveryhardtoearnaliving.约翰逊先生为了谋生不得不拼命干活。Ihadtoleavethepartyearlylastnight.Iwasn"tverywell.昨晚我只得早点离开晚会，我不大舒服。Wewillhavetogetupveryearlytomorrow.我们明天必须起得很早。Ishallhavetogototheclinictodayformybadcough.我咳嗽得厉害，今天必须去诊疗所看看。第405页 [注]口语中的Ihavegotto，youhavegotto等：Ihaveto，youhaveto.HaveIgotto?和DoIhaveto?这两种疑问形式均可用。[英语语法手册]情态动词--shallshallshall作为情态动词用于第二、三人称可表示说话人给对方的"命令"、"警告"、"允诺"、"威胁"等概念。如：Youshalldoit，whetheryouwanttoornot.不管你愿意不愿意，你必须做这项工作。(命令)YoushallhavethebookassoonasIfinishit.这本书我一看完就给你。(允诺)Youshallpayforit.你一定会受到惩罚的。(威胁)在疑问句中，情态动词shall用于第一、三人称表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。如：WhatshallIdonow?我现在该做什么?Shallwegoforawalk?我们去散步好吗?Shallhecometomorrow?你要他明天来吗?[英语语法手册]情态动词--shouldshould情态动词Should表示"劝告"、"建议"时这时should常译作"应当"。如：WeShouldlearnaboutthecomputerandmakefulluseofit.我们应该了解计算机并加以充分利用。Youshouldlistentothedoctor"sadvice.你应当听大夫的话。Youshouldstudythearticlecarefully.你应当细，心学习这篇文章。should还可以表示"预测"、"可能"Theyshouldbeherebynow.他们现在可能到了。Thereferencebookshouldbeinthereading-room.这本参考书可能在阅览室里。should有时表示说话人的感情如惊奇、愤怒、失望等WhyshouldIgo?我干吗要去?(不满)IamsorrythatheShouldbesoobstinate.我很遗憾，他竟这样固执。(失望)It"sstrangethatitshouldbesohottoday.很怪，今天怎么这么热。(惊奇)should后跟动词的完成式时这时句子指的是过去的事情。如果是肯定句，常说明某件事本应完成而未完成；如果是否定句，表示发生了不应当发生的事情.如：Youshouldhavestoppedatinredlight.你见了红灯本应该停车。YouShouldnothavegonebacktoworkwithoutthedoctor"spermission.你不应当未经医生许可就回去工作。HeShouldhavecomeearlier.他应早一点来。[英语语法手册]情态动词--willWill情态动词Will可用于各人称，表示"意志"、"意愿"、"决心"、"允诺"等。如：第405页 Iwilltry.我愿一试。Iwilldomybest.我一定尽力而为。Wewillneverdoitagain.我们永远不会再做此事了。Whichwillyoufake?你要哪一个?Whowillgowithme?谁愿和我一同去?will在疑问句中用子第二人称时这时句子表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问。如：Willyoupleaseexplainthesentenceoncemore?请你再把这个句子解释一遍好吗?WillyouhavewesternfoodorChinesefood，Mr.Smith?史密斯先生，你吃西餐还是中餐?Willyoupassmethebutter?请你把黄油递给我好吗?注意下面句中的won"t亦表请求：Won"tyoucomein?请进来好吗?[注一]在条件状语从句中须用现在一般时表将来，但当will用作情态动词表意愿时，则亦可用于条件状语从句，如I"llbegladifyouwillcome.(你如愿来，我将会很高兴)。[注二]will在下面句子中=Isuppose(我猜想)或probably(大概)。如：Thiswillbetheroomyouarelookingfor.这大概就是你要找的那个房间。YouwillrememberthestoryItoldyoutheotherday.你们大概还记得我那天给你们讲的那个故事。[注三]will有时表示一种习惯动作或状态。如：Waterwillboilat100degreesCentigrade.水总是在摄氏100度煮沸。Boyswillbeboys.男孩子总是男孩子。[英语语法手册]情态动词--wouldWould是will的过去式，可用于各人称，表示过去时间的"意志"、"愿望"和"决心"等。如：Hedeclaredthathewoulddoeverythingtohelpus.他说要尽一切可能来帮助我们。ItoldpeterthatIwouldgoalongwithim.我告诉彼得我要跟他一块去。AllinedoctorsandnursestoldDr.Bethunenottogivehisownbloodtothewounded,buthewouldn"tlisten.和护士劝白求恩大夫不要把自己的血输给伤员，但是他不听。would用来表示现在时间时这时would不论是表达说话人本身的意志或向对方提出请求，均较will婉转。如：Wouldyoutellussomethingaboutyourself?请跟我们谈谈你自己好吗?Wouldyouliketohaveaglassofwine?你要喝杯酒吗?Wouldyoupleasetellmethewaytothenearestbus-stop?请告诉我去最近的公共汽车站怎么走好吗?Wouldyoumindhelpingmewithmypacking?请你帮我打打行李好吗?[注]在日常会话中，Iwouldliketo和Ishouldliketo都可以说，Iwouldlike的简略式为I"dlike。如：Ishould(would)liketohavealookatthenewtelevisionset.我想看看这架新电视机。I"dliketoborrowacopyofAliceinWonderland.我要借一本《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》。Would还可以表示过去习惯发生的动作Ifoundthatretiredpersonswouldoftengototheparktoplaychess.我发现退休的人经常到公园里下棋。第405页 Whenhehadaproblemtosolve，hewouldworkatituntilhefoundananswer.当他有个问题要解决时，他总是想办法一直到找到答案为止。[英语语法手册]情态动词--oughtoughtought只有一种形式，后面须跟带to的动词不定式。Ought表示"有义务或必要"做某件事，还可表示"劝告"。如：.Yououghttofollowtheoldman"sadvice.你应当听那位老人的话。Yououghtn"ttosmokesomuch.你不应当抽烟太多。Yououghttogototheclinicatonce.Youdon"tlookwell.你脸色不好，应该马上到医务室去。[注]ought表示"应该"，语气比should强。ought后加动词不定式的完成式时指过去的动作。如用肯定形式(oughttohavedone)，表示某一件事该做而未做，相当于shouldhavedone。如用否定形式(oughtnottohavedone)，则表示一件不该做的事情发生了，相当于shouldnothavedone。如：Heoughttohavedonetheexercisemorecarefully.这个练习他应当作得更细心一些。Ioughttohavereturnedthesebookstothelibrarylastweek.我上星期就应当把这些书还给图书馆。Yououghtnottohavebeensorude.你不该这样粗鲁。Yououghtnottohavetakenhisskateswithoutaskinghim.你不该没有得到他的许可就把他的冰鞋拿走。[英语语法手册]情态动词--daredare(敢)的用法和其他动词有所不同。dare用于否定句或疑问句中时，其用法和其他情态动词一样，即dare本身无变化，后面所跟的动词不定式不带to。如：Theydarenottellthetruth.他们不敢说真话。Dareheadmithismistake?他敢于承认错误吗?Hedaredsaynomore。他不敢再说了。但是dare用在肯定结构中时，后面的动词不定式可加to。如：Youngpeopleshoulddaretothink，daretospeakanddaretoact.青年人要敢想、敢说、敢干。[注一]在否定句或疑问句中，dare也可用作实义动词，用助动词do来帮助，后面的动词不定式可带to。如：Dotheydaretodoit?他们敢做这事吗?Theenemydidnotdaretocomeoutafterdark.敌人夜间不敢出来。[注二]注意下面将两种不同动词揉合在一起的说法。如：Ididn"tdalecome.我不敢来。Whodaresstopme?谁敢阻拦我?[英语语法手册]情态动词--needneed(需要)第405页 的用法与dare几乎完全相同。即在否定句或疑问句中，和其他情态动词一样，本身无变化，后面用不带to的动词不定式；在肯定句中时，和实义动词一样，后面的动词不定式要带to，第三人称单数现在一般时加-s，并有时态的变化。如：Needwereturnthemagazinestoday?我们今天需要把杂志还回去吗?Everymemberneedstopayonlyalittlemoneyayeartogetmedicalcare.每个成员每年只需缴一点钱就可以得到医疗。Youneednotwritedownyourtranslation.Youmaydoitorally.你们不必写下这个翻译练习，口头做就行了。[注]与dare一样，在否定句或疑问句里，need也可和实义动词相同，用助动词todo来帮助，后面的动词不定式必须带to。如：Dotheyneedtotakeanytoolswiththem?－No.,theydon"tneedto.他们需要带工具吗?--不需要。Hedidnotneedtogothereearlythatday.那天他不必早去。need后面有名词作宾语时完全用作实义动词，表示"需要"或"缺乏"某件事物。这时，它的变化和一般实义动词完全相同。如：Ineedadictionary.我需要字典。Youneedahair-cut.你该理发了。Doyouneedafountain-pen?你需要一支自来水笔吗?Idon"tneedanewjacket.我不需要一件新茄克衫。Marylookstried，sheneedsarest.玛丽看上去累了，需要休息。Needn"t后加动词不定式(不带to)的完成式时指过去已做了但勿须做的动作。如：Youneedn"thavewateredthevegetables，asitisgoingtorain.你满可以不必浇菜，天要下雨了。Youneedn"thavebroughtyourumbrella.Wearegoingbytaxi你满可以不必带伞，我们要坐出租汽车去。[注一]注意didn"thaveto和didn"tneeto则常表示过去未做也勿须做的动作。如：Ididn"thavetointerpretitforher，forsheknowsChinese.我勿须为她翻译，她懂汉语。Ididn"tneedtotakeataxi；itisonlyfiveminuteswalktothestation.到车站只须走五分钟，我不需要坐出租汽车。[注二]usedto和hadbetter也可看作是情态动词。情态动词usedto表示过去的习惯，但现在已无此习惯(would表过去习惯时则无此含义)。如：WhenIwasyoung，Iusedtoplayfootball.我小时常踢足球。Hedidn"tusetocome.(或用usedn"tto)他过去不常来。Didheusedtocome?(亦可说usedheto...?)他过去常来吗?hadbetter表可取，意为"应该"或"最好"。如：Wehadbettergonow.我们最好走吧。You"dbetterstopnow.你现在应该停下来。(对长辈不可用hadbetter)Hadn"twebettergonow?我们现在走不好吗?(hadbetter一般不用于肯定疑问句)[英语语法手册]语气概述语气及其种类1)语气(mood)语气是一种动词形式，表示讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2)语气的种类语气可分为下列三种：a)直陈语气(indicativemood)表示讲话人认为他所说的话是一个事实。如：第405页 Therearetwosidestoeveryquestion.每个问题都有两个方面。Jinzhouisfamousforitsapples.锦州以产苹果闻名。ComradeZhangSidehadadeeplovefortheParty.张思德同志对党怀有深厚的爱。b)祈使语气(imperativemood)表示讲话人对对方的请求或命令。如：Bringalongyourexercisebookstomorrow.明天把练习本带来。Makeyourselfathome.请随便，不要客气。Don"tmove!不许动!Don"tbelate.不要迟到。Bequiet!请安静!c)虚拟语气(subjunctivemood)。[英语语法手册]虚拟语气A虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而只是一种愿望、假设、怀疑、建议、猜测、可能或纯粹的空想等。如：IfIwerenotsobusy，Iwouldgowithyou.假如我不太忙，我会和你一起去。(表示假设)IwishLaoLiwerehere.H6wouldknowhowtofixthemachine.老李在这儿就好了，他会知道怎样把机器修好的。(表示愿望)Hesuggeststhatweshouldallgotoseethefilm.他建议我们都去看电影。(表示建议)虚拟语气的动词形式比较特殊，共有下列七种：1)动词原形(用于一切人称和数)2)动词的过去式(用于一切人称和数，be的过去式用were)3)had+过去分词(用于一切人称和数)4)should+动词原形(用于一切人称和数)5)shouldhave+过去分词(用于一切人称和数)6)should(第一人称)，Would(第二、三人称)+动词原形7)should(第一人称)，Would(第二、三人称)+have+过去分词[注]上述某些动词形式和直陈语气的某些动词形式相同，但它们的用法及其所表示的时间概念则完全两样，二者切不可混淆。虚拟语气常用在表示条件的从句和表示结果的主句中。虚拟语气在条件从句和结果主句中的用法1)表示与现在事实相反的条件和结果，：如：IfIWereyou，Ishouldgoandseethedentistatonce.假如我是你的话，我会马上去看牙科医生。Iftheywerenogravity,weshouldnotbeabletowalk.假如没有引力，我们就不能行走。Iftheyhadtime，theywouldstudyItaliantoo.假如他们有时间的话，他们也会学意大利语的。IfSheknewGerman，ShewouldreadMarxandEngelsintheoriginal假如她懂德语，她就会读马克思和恩格斯的原著了。Hewouldtellmeifheknew，buthedoesnot，knowanythingaboutit.假如他知道的话，他会告诉我的，但是他一点也不知道。第405页 2)表示与过去事实相反的条件和结果。如：IfIhadknownofyourarrivalIshouldhavemetyouatthestation.如果我早知道你要来，我会去车站接你的。Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier，youwouldhavemethim.要是你早来几分钟的话，你就见到他了。IfShehadn"tbeensostrictwithherself,shewouldn"thavemadesuchgreatprogress.她要是对自己要求不严格，她就不会有这样大的进步。Ifthechildhadfallenthroughtheice,hewouldhavedrowned.假如这孩子掉到冰窑里，他定会淹死了。3)表示与将来事实可能相反的条件和结果。其用法和表示与现在事实相反的条件和结果相同。如：IfitWereSundaytomorrow，mybrotherwouldgoskatingattheBeihaiPark.如果明天是星期天，我弟弟会去北海公园滑冰的。Ifyoudroppedtheglass，itwouldbreak.你如将杯子掉下来，它就会打碎的。WhatWouldhappenifIputthepaperonthefire?－ItWouldbum.我若把纸放在火上会怎么样?--纸就会烧着。[注]在表示与将来事实可能相反的条件从句中，亦可用wereto+动词原形(比较正式，常用于书面体中)和should+动词原形。如：Ifyouweretocometomorrow，Imighthavetimetoseeyou.你如果明天来的话，我或许会有时间见你。IfIweretoseehertomorrow，Iwouldtellheraboutyourdecisions.我明天如见到她，就把你的决定告诉她。Ifitshouldraintomorrow，whatwouldwedo?明天万一下雨，我们怎么办?IfyoushouldmeetGeorge，tellhimIwanttoseehim.你如见到乔治，告诉他我要见他。[英语语法手册]虚拟语气B不用if的条件从句结构在笔语中，条件从句有时可以不用连词小而把were，had或should移至主语之前。但如从句没有were，had或should，则一般不能这样做。如：Shouldhecome，tellhimtoringmeup.他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。WereIinyourposition，Iwouldgo.如果我处于你的地位，我就去。Hadtheynothelpedus，ourexperimentwouldhavefailed.如果没有他们的帮助，我们的试验是会失败的。[注]有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用介词短语、动词不定式等来表示。如：withoutcontradictionnothingwouldexist.没有矛盾就没有世界。Wecouldnothavedonetheworkwellwithoutyourhelp.要是没有你的帮助，我们不可能做好这工作。Itwonldbeagoodideatogoswimmingatthesummerpalace.到颐和园去游泳，倒是个好主意。Allthiswouldhavebeenimpossibletenyearsago.这一切在十年前是不可能有的。[英语语法手册]虚拟语气C虚拟语气和情态动词第405页 虚拟结构(不论从句或主句)常可用情态动词的过去式，即could，might，wou1d等加不带to的动词不定式或不带to的动词不定式完成式，来作谓语动词。这些情态动词除表示虚拟结构外，本身还有独立的意思。如：IfIwereyou，IWouldgo.我如果是你，我就愿意去。Ifhewerehere，hemightagreewithyou.假如他在这里，他可能会同意你。IwouldhelpyouifIcould.假如我能够的话，我一定帮助你。Ifithadnotbeenfortheirhelp，wecouldnothavesucceeded.如果没有他们的帮助，我们是不可能成功的。[英语语法手册]虚拟语气D有时条件从句中的动作和结果主句中的动作所发生的时间不一致这时，动词的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。如：Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor"sadvice，heWouldbequiteallrightnow.他当时若是听医生的话，现在就会痊愈了。(从句说明过去，主句说明现在)IfIwereyou，IWouldhavegonetothetheatre.假如我是你，我会去看话剧了。(从句的时间包括现在，主句说明过去)Ifyouhadn"thelpedme，Icouldn"thavefinisheditontimeandmostlikelyIwouldbestillworkingnow.假若你没有帮助我，我不可能按时完成工作，很可能现在还在干哩。(从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在)用直陈语气表示条件和结果在现代英语里，多用直陈语气表示条件和结果。直陈语气的条件和结果所表示的往往是事实。如不是事实，其可能性也较虚拟语气要大。如：Ifitrainstomorrow，weshallnotgoout.假如明天下雨的话，我们就不出去。Thedogwon"tattackyouifyousitstill.如果你安静地坐着，狗是不会咬你的。Ifthetrainleavesateightthirty，thereisnotimetolose.火车如果是八点半开，我们得抓紧时间了。Iftherainstops，I"llgoforaswim.要是雨停了，我就去游泳。[英语语法手册]虚拟语气E省去从句或主句的虚拟结构虚拟结构中的从句或主句有时形式上可以省略，但意义上却仍存在。1)省去了条件从句的虚拟结构。如：Thatwouldbefine.那就太好了。(省去了ifyoushoulddoit或类似条件)Youmightstayhereforever.你可以永远呆在这里。(省去了ifyouwanted协或类似条件)Iwouldnothavedoneit.我是不会做那件事的。(省去了ifwereyou或类似条件)[注]虚拟结构中省去的从句有时并不容易找出。如：Whowouldhavethoughtofit?谁会想到是这样的呢?2)省去了结果主句的虚拟结构(常用以表示愿望)。如：Ifhewerehere!假如他在这里该多好啊!IfIhadnevermarried.如果我从未结婚就好了。这种结构也常用ifonly开头。如：IfonlyIcouldhelpyou!假如我能帮助你，那该是多好啊!第405页 IfonlyIweretenyearsyounger!我要是能年轻十岁该多好啊!Ifyouwouldonlytryharder!你如再努力一试就好了。(only亦可置于would等助动词之后)[注]有时ifonly只表条件，不表愿望。如：IfonlyIhadknownearlier，I"dhavesentyouatelegram.我只要知道得早一点，就会拍电报给你了。[英语语法手册]虚拟语气F虚拟语气的其他用法虚拟语气用在主语从句中在Itisnatural(necessary，strange，important)that...这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用should加动词原形。如：Itisquitenaturalthatheshouldthinkso.他这样想是很自然的事。Itisstrangethatheshouldhavegoneawaywithouttellingus.真奇怪，他没有通知我们就走掉了。Itisnecessarythatthequestionshouldbesettledatonce.必须马上解决这个问题。Itisimportantthatweshouldspeakpolitely.我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。Itisimperativethatweshouldpracticecriticismandself-critic-cams.应当进行批评与自我批评。虚拟语气用在宾语从句中下列两种宾语从句须用虚拟语气：1)在动词wish后的宾语从句(常常省去连词that)，表示不可实现的愿望。从句中的动词如用过去式，则表示与现在事实相反(如下面第一、二例句)；如用过去完成式，则表示与过去事实相反(如下面第三、四例句)。如：IwishIwereapilot.但愿我是个飞行员。IwishIknewhowtooperatethemachine.我要是会操作这架机器该有多好啊!(=I"msorryIdon"tknow.)Iwishhehadn"tgone.他要是没走该多好!(=I"msorryhehasgone.)WewishyouhadcometoourNewYear"sparty.我们真希望你来参加我们的新年联欢会。(=butyoudidnot)动词wish如果是过去式，后面宾语从句的动词的虚拟语气形式不变，仍用过去式或过去完成式。如：Shewishedsheknewhowtoplaygolf.她但愿会打高尔夫球。(和过去事实相反)IwishedIhadn"tbeensoforgetful.ThenIshouldn"thavemissedtheconcert.我要是不这样忘事该多好，那我就不会不去听音乐会。(和过去的过去的事实相反)[注]有时在宾语从句中可用would或might加动词原形，表示有可能实现的愿望。如：.Iwishhe，mightstaywithme.我希望他和我住在一起。HewishesIwouldgowithhim.他希望我和他一起去。Iwishyouwouldbequiet.我希望你安静一些。2)动词demand(要求)，suggest(建议)，order(命令)，insist(坚持)，propose(建议)等后面的宾语从句，用should(用于所有的人称)加动词原形来表示虚拟语气。如：Isuggestthatweshouldholdameetingtonight.我建议今晚开个会。ThechairmanproposedthatweShoulddiscussthequestion.主席提议我们讨论这个问题。MoststudentsinsistthattheyshouldhavemoreEnglishclasses.多数同学坚持要多上英语课。第405页 [注]这种结构往往可不用should，尤其在美国，只用动词原形(用于所有的人称)。如上面三例只用hold，discuss和have，不用shouldhold，shoulddiscuss和shouldhave。又如：Isuggestthatwemakeanewexperiment.我建议进行新的试验。Iproposethatthematterbeputthevoteatonce.我提议把这个问题马上付表决。虚拟语气用在状语从句中由asif或asthough所引导的状浯从句表示比较或方式时，从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气。动词形式用动词的过去式(be用were)或had+过去分词。如：Mymotherlockedaftertheorphanasifhewereherownchild.我母亲照料这个孤儿像自己孩子一样。Youspeakasifyouhadreallybeenthere.你谈得好像你真的到过那里似的。注意下面句中的asif从句用作表语。如：Itlooksasifitmightrain，天好像要下雨似的。[注]连词lest和incase所引导的状语从句中的谓语动词亦用虚拟语气。例见15.33和15.30虚拟语气用在定语从句中Itistime(that)…句型中的定语从句里的谓语动词常用虚拟浯气表示将来，动词形式用动词的过去式：意思是"该干某件事了，时间已经有些晚了"。如：Itistimeweleft.我们该走了。Itistimewewenttobed.我们该睡觉了：Itistimewesummedupourresults.我们该总结我们的成绩了。虚拟语气用在简单句中下面是虚拟语气用在简单句中较常见的两种情况，皆表祝愿。如：1)动词原形1ive用在Longlive…中。如：LonglivetheCommunistPartyofChina!中国共产党万岁!Longlivethepeople!人民万岁!(1ive在此也是虚拟语气的一种动词形式，不可改为lives)2)May用在句子开头(多用在正式的文体中)。如：Maygoodluckbeyours.祝你顺利。Mayyoubehappy.祝你快乐。Mayyoudoevenbetter!祝你取得更大成就![英语语法手册]非限定动词A非限定动词种类、意义和特征1)非限定动词(verbal)有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种。2)非限定动词和限定动词的基本区别a)限定动词在句子中可以单独作谓语动词，非限定动词在句中则不能单独作谓语动词。b)限定动词的形式要与主语的人称和数一致，而非限定动词的形式则不受主语的人称和数的限制。如：Helikestosing它他喜欢唱歌。Theyliketosing.他们喜欢唱歌。第405页 限定动词like受主语人称和数的限制，的形式与主语一致。第一句为likes，第二句为like。非限定动词sing则不受这种限制，它的形式不随主语而改变。Themanwalkinginfrontwascarryingaflag.走在前面的人打着一面旗子。Themenwalkinginfrontwerecarryingflags.走在前面的人们都打着旗子。限定动词be受主语的人称和数的限制，它的形式须与主语一致。第一句为was，第二句为were.非限定动词walking则不受主语的限制，它的形式不随主语而改变。3)非限定动词的双重性a)非限定动词有动词的特征：(a)如果非限定动词是及物动词，须有宾语。(b)非限定动词可以由状语来修饰。(c)非限定动词仍有语态和时态的变化。b)非限定动词还有一些非动词的特征它相当于名词、形容词等，在句子里可以作这些词类所能用作的句子成分。非限定动词双重性举例：Hepromisedtodoittonight.他答应今天晚上做。(非限定动词todo的动词性质表现在它有宾语"和状语tonight它的非动词性质表现在它用作promised的宾语。)Iamsorrytohavedisturbedyou.我打扰你了，对不起。(tohavedisturbed是动词不定式todisturb的完成式，说明非限定动词有时态上的变化，这也是非限定动词的动词性质。)Isawmanypeoplespreadingmanureinthefields.我看见许多人在地里施肥。(非限定动词spreading是现在分词，它有宾语manure和状语inthefields。)Thereisnotimetobelost.必须抓紧时间。(tobelost是动词不定式tolose的被动式，说明非限定动词有语态上的变化这也是非限定动词的动词性质。)4)非限定动词短语带有宾语或状语的非限定动词词组，称为非限定动词短语。如：Ihavenotimetofinishthatlongnovelthisweek.我本周没有时间读完那本长篇小说。(不定式短语)Forgettingthepastmeansbetrayal.忘记过去就意味着背叛。(动名词短语)MemberswishingtoseetheplayarerequestedtonotifyLiMinbeforeSaturday.愿意看戏的会员请在星期六以前通知李敏。[英语语法手册]非限定动词B动词不定式意义、形式和特征1)基本概念和形式动词不定式(infinitive)是一种非限定动词，由不定式符号to加动词原形所构成。动词不定式有动词的特征，同时也有名词、形容词和副词的特征。2)动词不定式的动词特征a)如果动词不定式是及物的，须有宾语。如：HewantstostudyJapanese.他想学习日语。(动词不定式tostudy后面有宾语Japanese)b)动词不定式可以被状语修饰。如：第405页 Theraincontinuedtofallheavily.雨继续下得很大。(动词不定式tofall后面有状语heavily)动词不定式加宾语或状语构成动词不定式短语，如上二例中的tostudyJapanese和tofallheavily。3)动词不定式的非动词特征用法动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，所以它在句子中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。1)主语Toleanoutofthewindowisdangerous.把身子伸出窗外是危险的。Totalkwithhimisagreatpleasure.和他谈话是一件非常愉快的事。Todieforthepeopleisagloriousdeath!为人民而死，虽死犹荣。动词不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语动词的后面，而在句首用引词"作语法上的主语。上述两句即可改为：Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithhim.Itisagloriousdeathtodieforthepeople.注意也常用"Itis+形容词+动词不定式短语"这样的句型：Itisnecessarytomakeaplanforthiscourseofstudy.必须订一个学习这门课程的计划。Itisnotdifficulttolearnaforeignifyouspendtimeandeffortonit.小只要你花时间下功夫，学好一门外国语并不难。It"sjustimpossibletoseethatandnotweep.看见那种情景而不哭是根本不可能的。(注意weep之前省去了to，以免重复)2)表语Herwishistobecomeanastronaut.她的愿望是成为一名宇航员。Ourplanistofinishtheworkintwoweeks.我们的计划是在两周内完成这项工作。Hisonlydesirewastobeusefultothecountry.他唯一的愿望是做一个对国家有用的人。3)宾语有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语。这些动词有want(想要)，wish(想望)，like(喜欢)，decide(决定)，help(帮助)，pledge(保证)，begin(开始)，forget(忘记)，learn(学习)，ask(要求)等等。动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语。如：Hewantstobeavillageschoolteacherinamountainarea.他要做个山村教师。Doyouliketowatchfootballmatches?你喜欢看足球赛吗?Learntowalkbeforeyourun.先学走后学跑。Wedecidedtomakechangesinourplan.我们决定把计划做些修改。动词不定式也可以用来作某些形容词的宾语。这些形容词通常只有ready(准备好，愿意)，eager(急于)，anxious(急于)等，但为了学习上的方便，也可以包括able(能够)，sure(一定)，glad(高兴)，sorry(难过)，afraid(怕)，free(随意)，pleased(高兴)，determined(决心)，willing(愿意)等。如：Heissuretosucceed.他肯定会成功。Howdoyoudo?I"mgladtomeetyou.你好?见到你很高兴。Theboysandgirlsareanxioustolearnhowtoskate.这些男孩子和女孩子渴望学会滑冰。4)定语动词不定式作定语时，须放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。如：Heisalwaysthefirstonetogetup.他总是第一个起床。Ihaveafewwordstosayonthisquestion。关于这个问题我有几句话要说。第405页 Theyarediscussingwaystoguaranteehighoutput.他们正在讨论保证高产量的办法。AftertheChingMingFestivalitistimetosowsorghum，milletandcorn.清明节一过，正是播种高梁、谷子和玉米的时节。5)状语动词不定式作状语时，一般放在它所修饰的动词之后。a)表示目的HewenttoBeijingtostudyin1988.一九八八年他去北京学习。HewenttoParistolearnFrench.他去巴黎学法文。[注一]强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可变为inorderto(为了)或soasto(以便)加动词原形。如：WeoftenlistentoEnglishbroadcastsinordertogetmorepracticeintrainingourears.我们经常听广播，以便加强听力训练。Inordertolearnacupuncture，shepracticedonherselfeveryday.为了学习针灸，她每天在自己身上试验。(注意inorderto可放在句首)Wemusthavegoodsoilsoastogrowroses.种玫瑰花要有好的土壤。[注二]动词不定式可以放在句首，使其所表示的目的更加明显突出。如：Tobeagoodteacheronemustusegoodteachingmethods.要成为好的教师一定要有好的教学方法。Todefendourcountrywemuststrengthenourselves.为了保卫祖国，我们必须自强不息。[注三]注意有些用作句子独立成分的习惯语，如tobeginwith(首先)，toconclude(最后)，tobesure(当然)，totellyouthetruth(老实对你说)等。b)表示结果Mygrandmotherlivedtoseethebirthofmylittledaughter.我的祖母活到亲眼看到我的小女儿出生。Afewyearslaterhecamehometofindthathishometownhadgreatlychanged.几年后他回到家里，发现故乡的面貌大大地改变了。[注一]有时可以用too...to(太…而不能)结构来表示"结果办不到"。如：Heistooyoungtojointhearmy.他太年轻了，不能参军。Itwastoocold，togooutlastnight.昨晚太冷，无法出去。[注二]动词不定式和only连用时，常表示未预料到的结果。如：Iwenttoseehimonlytofindhimout.我去看他，不料他出去了。Ihurriedtothepostoffice，onlytofinditwasclosed.我匆忙赶到邮局，不料已经关门了。[英语语法手册]非限定动词C含有动词不定式的复合宾语动词不定式可用作复合宾语中的宾浯补足语。可有这种复合宾语结构的动词有get(请)，ask(请求)，order(命令)，persuade(说服)，advise(劝告)，like(喜欢)，want(想要)，tell(叫)，know(知道)help(帮助)，callon(号召，请求)，等等。如：Hegotsomeonetorepairthedoor.他请人修理门。Ipersuadedmybrothertochangehismind.我说服我弟弟改变了主意。Thedoctoradvisedhimtotakeagoodrest.大夫劝他好好休息。在某些及物动词的复合宾语中，动词不定式须省掉too这些动词有：make(使)，let(让)，see(见)，watch(望)，hear(听)，have(使)，feel(觉得)等。动词help后不定式的to可以省掉，也可以保留。如：第405页 MakethepastservethepresentandforeignthingsserveChina.古为今用，洋为中用。Heletmegohome.他让我回家。Wemusthavesomeonerepairtherefrigerator.我们必须叫人来修电冰箱。Iheardhimspeakinthenextroom.我听到池在隔壁房间里讲话。Motherishelpingpat(to)cleanhershoes.妈妈正帮蓓蒂刷鞋子。[注一]上述句子变成被动语态时，动词不定式的to仍须保留。如[英语语法手册]非限定动词D动词不定式的否定结构动词不定式的否定结构由在不定式符号to之前加上not而成。如：Hedecidednottogohome.他决定不回家。Theteacherwarnedthepupilsnottogoskatingonthinice.教师警告学生不要在薄冰上滑冰。Itoldhimnottoopenthedoor.我叫他不要开门。疑问词+动词不定式疑问代词who，what，which和疑问副词when，where，how等后加动词不定式，构成一种特殊的动词不定式短语，可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。如：Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.何时动身尚未决定。(作主语)Theytoldherwheretofindherlittlebrother.他们告诉她到哪里找她的小弟弟。(作宾语)Theteachershowedthestudentshowtodotheexercise.老师教学生如何做练习。(作宾语)HethoughtalotabouthowtoimprovehisEnglishpronunciation.他对如何提高英语语音想得很多。(作介词的宾语)动词不定式复合结构"for+名词(或代词宾格)+动词不定式"在这种结构中的for本身无意义。名词(或代词宾格)形式上是for的宾语，但在逻辑上可以说是动词不定式的主语。这种不定式复合结构在句子里可作下列成分：1)主语Forustolearnforeignlanguagesisimportant.学习外语对我们来说是重要的。在句中，forus在逻辑上是tolearnforeignlanguages的主语。这种结构作主语时，和简单的动词不定式结构一样，一般都用引词讧来代表并放在句首，"for+名词(或代词宾格)+不定式"则放在句末。如：Itisimportantforustolearnforeignlanguages.Itisnecessaryforustolearnfromeachother.我们必须相互学习。2)表语Itisforyoutodecide.这得由你决定。3)宾语Canyouarrangeforacartotakeusthere?你能安排一辆汽车送我们到那里去吗?4)定语Thereisalotoworkforustodo.有很多工作要我们去做。5)状语Thepolicemanblewhiswhistleforthecartstostop.警察吹哨要那几辆大车停下来。(作目的状语)[英语语法手册]非限定动词E第405页 动词不定式一般式所表示的时间关系1)动词不定式一般式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如：Isawhimgoout.我看见他出去了。(saw与goout两个动作同时发生)Wouldyouhelpmeputthingsinorderbeforeweleave?在我们离开之前，你帮我整理一下东西好吗?(wouldhelp和put同时发生)2)但在很多情况下，动词不定式一般式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后；如：Ihopetoseeyouagain.我希望再见到你。(tosee这个动作发生在hope之后)Theboysaidhewantedtobeascientist.这男孩说他想做一个科学家。(tobe在wanted之后)动词不定式的时态形式动词不定式通常有三种时态形式，现以write为例：一般式towrite进行式tobewriting完成式tohavewritten动词不定式完成式的用法动词不定式完成式表示的动作发生在限定动词表示的动作之前。如：Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.对不起，叫你久等了。(tohavekept发生在am所表示的时间之前)Sheseemstohavereadthebookbefore.她好像看过这本书。(tohaveread发生在seems所表示的时间之前)Thebatteryappearstohaverundown.这组电池好像已经用完了。(tohaverundown发生在appears所表示的时间之前)但在下面句子中，动词不定式表示"动作没有完成"：Weweretohavemetatten.我们本来是约定十点钟见面的。(结果未见面)动词不定式进行式的用法动词不定式进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如：Heseemstoberecovering.他看来在康复。Whenhecamein，Ihappenedtobelyingonthebed，reading.他进来的时候，我碰巧正躺在床上看书。[英语语法手册]非限定动词E动词不定式的被动语态动词不定式有两种被动语态形式：一般式tobewritten完成式tohavebeenwritten例：Thenextthingtobedoneistocarryawaytheearth.下-步要做的事是把土运走。Noharmseemstohavebeendone.似乎并没有造成损害。分裂不定式有时在不定式符号"to"和动词原形之间插入一个副词，这种现象叫做分裂不定式(splitinfinitive)。插入动词不定式的副词，习惯上往往与不定式动词连在一起。如：Helikestohalfclosehiseyes.他喜欢半闭着眼睛。Ourobjectistofurthercementfriendlyrelationsbetweenthetwo第405页 countries.我们的目的是进一步加强两国之间的友好关系。Atfirsthewasn"tinterestedinbookkeeping，butlaterhebegantoactuallylikeit.起初他对会计工作没有兴趣，但到后来倒喜欢起它来了[英语语法手册]非限定动词F动名词意义、形式和特征1)动名词(gerund)为非限定动词的一种，由动词原形加词尾-ing构成，与现在分词同形，动名词有动词和名词的特征。2)动名词的动词特征：a)动名词可以有宾语。如：Ihavefinishedrepairingthatmachine.我修完那台机器了。b)动名词可以用状语来修饰。如：Theyhavestartedworkingintheapple-orchard.他们已经开始在苹果园里劳动了。动名词加宾语或状语构成动名词短语，如上两例中的repairingthatmachine和workingintheapple-orchard。3)动名词的名词特征在句中可作主语、宾语等。如：Gettingupearlyisagoodhabit.起早是个好习惯。(动名词gettingup作主语)TheforeignvisitorsenjoyedseeingChineseacrobatics.外宾喜欢看中国杂技。(动名词seeing作宾语)用法动名词可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。1)作主语：Seeingisbelieving.百闻不如一见。ReadingaloudisveryimportantinlearningEnglish.学习英语朗读很重要。Lookingdownonwomenisfeudalideology.轻视妇女是封建意识。[注]在下面结构中，亦可用引词讧作形式主语，把意义上的主语即动名词放在句末。如：It"snouseoverspiltmilk.牛奶打翻了哭也没有用。(作无益的后悔没有用)It"snogoodtalkingaboutit.谈也无用。2)作表语：Herjobwaslookingafterthepigs.她的工作是喂猪。Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.他爱好集邮。[注]动名词作表语时，不可与进行时态相混淆。试比较：Shewaswashingclothes.(过去进行时)她正在洗衣服。Herjobwaswashingclothes.(动名词)她的工作是洗衣服。3)作宾语：a)作直接宾语，用在begin，start，stop，finish，like等动词后面。如：pleasestoptalking.请不要讲话。YoumustpracticereadingEnglishaloud.你应练习朗读英语。第405页 b)作介词的宾语。如：Mysisterisfondofreadingnovels.我姐姐喜欢看小说。We"retiredofhavingthesamekindoffoodeveryday.我们对天天吃同样的饭菜感到厌倦。InsteadofgoingtoZhongshanpark，theywenttotheZOO.他们没有去中山公园，到动物园去了。Mr.Bushearnshislivingbyteaching.布什先生以教书为生。Hewaspunishedforstealing.他因偷盗受到惩罚。4)作定语：Myfatherworksinaprintingshop.我的父亲在一个印刷厂工作。Ourschoolbuiltaswimmingpoollastsummer.我们学校去年夏天修建了一个游泳池。Ourteacherusesaverygoodteachingmethod.我们教师的教学方法很好。动名词的否定结构动名词否定结构由not加动名词组成。如：Tryingwithoutsuccessisbetterthannottryingatall.试验没有成功也比不试验好。HeHatedhimselffornothavingworkedhard.他悔恨自己没有用功。动名词复合结构物主代词或名词所有格加动名词，构成动名词复合结构。在动名词复合结构中，物主代词或名词所有格是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语动词。这种结构在句中可用作主语、宾语等。如：Yourgoingtherewillhelpalot.你到那里对事情将大有帮助。(yourgoingthere作主语)Pleaseexcusemyinterruptingyou.请原谅我打断你。(myinterruptingyou作excuse的宾语)Doyoumindmysmoking?我可以抽烟吗?(mysmoking作mind的宾语)AuntLiuwasveryhappyaboutWang"scomingtoseeher.刘大娘很高兴王来看她。(Wang"scoming作介词about的宾语)Wearelookingforwardtotheexpert"scomingtospeaktous.我们盼望那位专家来给我们作报告。(theexpert"scoming作lookforwardto的宾语)[注]在口语中，这种结构中的名词往往不用所有格，而用通格，代词往往不用物主代词，而用宾格，如上面第二、五两句可改变如下：Pleaseexcusemeinterruptingyou.AuntLiuwasveryhappyaboutWangcomingtoseeher.下面再举几例：Hisfatheragreedtohimbecominganengine-driver.他父亲同意他做火车司机。DOyouremembermeandmymothercomingtoseeyou?你还记得我和我母亲来看你吗?Tidesarecausedbythemoonandsunpullingwatertowardthem.海潮是由于月亮和太阳吸引海水而引起的。动名词的时态1)动名词的时态形式一般式writing完成式havingwritten第405页 2)动名词的一般式动名词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词表示的动作之后。如：ChildrenenjoywatchingcolourTV.儿童喜欢看彩色电视。(enjoy与watching同时)Wouldyoumindopeningthewindowandlettingalittleaairin?请你打开窗子，透透气好吗?(opening和letting发生在mind之后)注意下面两句中动名词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如：Doyouremembercuttingriceonthestatefarm?你记得在国营农场割水稻的事吗?(cutting发生在remember之前)IshallneverforgetseeingLuXunforthefirsttimein1932.我永远不会忘记一九三二年第一次见到鲁迅的情景。(seeing发生在forget之前)3)动名词的完成式动名词的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。Iregrethavingbeenunabletowritetoyouearlier.我很抱歉未能早点写信给你。Hislegshowednosymptomofhavingbeeninjured.他的腿不像受过伤。WewereoverjoyedatthenewsofChinahayinglaunchedanotherman-madesatellite.我们听到中国又发射了一颗人造卫星时都很高兴。动名词的被动语态动名词有两种被动语态形式：一般式beingwritten完成式havingbeenwritten例：ThispictureshowsachildbeingbeatenbyaJapanesesoldier.这张照片上一个孩子在遭到日本兵毒打。Themeetingwasputoffwithouthishavingbeenconsulted.会议延期并未和他商量。动名词和动词不定式的比较从结构上看，两者不同之点有：动名词前可用介词，它还可被名词(或代词)所有格修饰；不定式前通常不用介词，更不能被名词(或代词)所有格修饰。动名词和动词不定式在实际运用中，有下列各点值得注意：1)动名词所表示的动作，在意义上比较一般和抽象，时间观念不强，不指某一次动作；动词不定式则常表示某个具体动作。如：Thestudentslikeplayingfootball.这些学生喜欢踢足球。(经常性的爱好)Wouldyouliketoplayfootballthisafternoon?你今天下午愿意踢球吗?(指一次的动作)2)动词不定式所表示的动作的逻辑主语常常是句子里的-一个名词或代词，动名词所表示的动作的逻辑主语，可能是句子里的名词或代词，但也可能指一般人或物。如：Shehatestotroubleyou.她不愿意麻烦你。(totrouble的逻辑主语是she)Shehatessmoking.她不喜欢吸烟。(smoking的逻辑主语不一定是she，也可能是"别人")3)有些动词，如：stop，remember，forget，后接动名词和后接动词不定式，其意义有所不同。试比较：Stoptalking.不要讲话!(talking的宾语，指停止"讲话"这个动作)Stoptothinkaboutitforamoment.停下来一想。(tothink是目的状语，指停下来，以便想一想)Irememberseeinghim。我记得见过他。(已见过，指过去的动作)Youmustremembertoposttheletter.你不要忘了寄这封信。(还没有寄，指未来的动作)第405页 4)某些及物动词后面只能跟动名词作为它的直接宾语，不能跟动词不定式。其中常用的有finish(作完，结束)，avoid(避免)，enjoy(享受)，mind(在意，反对)，insiston(坚持)，objectto(反对)，giveup(放弃)，practice(实践，练习)，putoff(延期)等。如：WeallenjoylisteninggoBeethoven"ssymphonies.我们都喜欢听贝多芬的交响乐曲。Weshouldavoidmakinggrammermistakesinourexercises.我们应在练习中避免犯语法错误。ThedoctorsaysImustgiveupsmoking.医生说我必须戒烟。Wouldyoumindrepeatingwhatyouhavejustsaid?你重复一下你刚才说过的话好吗?5)某些及物动词后只能跟动词不定式作为它的直接宾语。常用的有want(要想)，wish(希望，想要)，hope(希望)，agree(同意)，promise(允诺)，mean(打算)，decide(决定)，expect(期望)，manage(设法)，pretend(假装)等。如：IhopetovisitChinaagain.我希望再访问中国。IwishtotakethisopportunitytomakeupforthelessonsIhavemissed.我想趁此机会把拉下的课补上。Teachersandstudentsmanagedtosetupalaboratory.师生设法修建了一个实验室。6)某些及物动词后可跟动名词也可跟动词不定式作它的直接宾语。其中常用的有begin(开始)，start(开始)，continue(继续)，like(喜欢)，hate(恨)，prefer(宁愿)等。如：Whendidyoubeginlearning(tolearn)typewriting?你什么时候开始学打字的?Theycontinuedworking(towork)afterthemeal.他们饭后继续工作。二者形式相同。但动名词有动词性质(有时态和语态变化，可有宾语和状语)，没有复数，前面也不可用冠词。名词化的动名词(verbalnoun)的用法则和一般名词完全一样：它没有动词性质，有单复数形式，前面可用冠词。试比较：ShelikesreadingJaneEyre.她喜欢读《简·爱》。(动名词)ThereadingofTheDreamoftheRedChambertookherabouttwoweeks.她花了差不多两周的时间读完《红楼梦》。(名词化的动名词)Theystartedcleaningtheirroomatsix.他们六点钟开始打扫房间。(动名词)Theygavetheclassroomagoodcleaning.他们把教室很好地打扫了一下。(名词化的动名词)reading阅读(可用作动名词或名词化的动名词)readings读物(只能是名词化的动名词)writing写作(可用作动名词或名词化的动名词)writings作品(只能是名词化的动名词)[英语语法手册]非限定动词G动名词和现在分词用作定语时的区别动名词用作定语时，和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系，即它不是该名词的动作。现在分词用作定语时，则和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系，它是该名词的动作。试比较：readingmaterials阅读材料(reading是动名词用作定语，逻辑上materials决非.reading的主语，readingmaterials=materialsforreading。)leadingcomrades领导同志(1eading是现在分词作定语，逻辑上comrades是leading的主语，leadingcomrades=comradeswholead。)动名词作定语的例子还有：第405页 areading-room阅览室drinkingwater饮用水awritingcourse一门写作课asleepingcar卧车(火车中可以睡觉的车厢)thegetting-upbell起床铃[英语语法手册]非限定动词H分词意义和特征1)分词(participle)也是一种非限定动词，它兼有动词和形容词的特征。2)分词可有宾语(仅限于现在分词)或状语，分词和宾语或状语一起构成分词短语。形式分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由动词原形后加词尾-ing构成。规则动词的过去分词由动词原形后加词尾-ed构成，不规则动词的过去分词无一定规则。现在分词和过去分词的区别现在分词和过去分词主要的区别表现在语态和时间关系上。1)语态上不同：现在分词表示主动的意思，而过去分词多由及物动词变来，表示被动的意思。试比较：surprising使人感到惊讶的(主动)surprised自己感到惊讶的(被动，即被惊讶的)anexcitingstory一个令人兴奋的故事(主动)excitedspectators激动的观众(被动，即被引起激动的)amovingfilm一部感动人的影片。Amovedaudience受感动的观众Atiringjourney累人的旅行Atiredfootballplayer累了的足球运动员Hetoldusmanyinterestingthingslastnight.他昨夜告诉我们许多有趣的事情。Sheisinterestedinastronomy.她对天文学有兴趣。也有一些过去分词是由不及物动词变来的，它们只表示一个动作已完成，没有被动的意味。如：fallenleaves落叶theexplodedbomb已爆炸了的炸弹aretiredminer退休矿工returnedstudents归国留学生2)时间关系上不同：一般说来，现在分词所表示的动作往往正在进行，而过去分词所表示的动作，往往已经完成。试比较：thechangingworld正在变化着的世界thechangedworld已经起了变化的世界boilingwater正在开的水boiledwater已经煮开过的水(可能是凉开水)developingcountries发展中国家第405页 developedcountries发达国家[英语语法手册]非限定动词I分词和分词短语的用法1)作定语作定语用的分词如果是单词，一般放在它所修饰的名词之前。如：I"mreadingaveryinterestingbook.我在读一本很有趣的书。Helikestodrinkcoldboiledwater.他喜欢喝凉开水。分词短语作定语用时，一般皆放在它所修饰的名词的后面。它的功用相当于定语从句。如：ChinaisadevelopingsocialistcountrybelongingtotheThirdworld.中国是一个发展中的社会主义国家，属于第三世界。(=whichbelongstotheThirdWorld)Themansittingitthecornerismybrother.坐在角落里的那个人是我的兄弟。(=whoissittinginthecomer)Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartydidnotcome.被邀请参加晚会的人多数没有来。(=whowereinvitedtotheparty.)2)作表语Theoperaisverymovingandinstructive.这个歌剧很动人，且有教育意义。Thecupsarebroken.这些杯子是破的。Heismarried.他已经结婚了。[注]分词作表语用时，相当于形容词，不可与进行时态和被动语态中的分词混淆起来。它们的形式相似，但可以从意义上加以辨别。试比较：LeiFeng"sspiritisinspiringthepeoplealloverthecountry.雷锋的精神鼓舞着全国人民。(现在进行时)Hisreportisinspiring.他的报告令人鼓舞。(现在分词作表语)TheroadwascompletedbythePLAmen.这条路是解放军战士修成的。(被动语态)Theroadiscompleted.这条路已经筑成。(过去分词作表语)3)作状语分词在意义上也可用作状语，表示时间、原因、方式和伴随情况等。a)表示时间(在意义上往往相当于表示时间的状语从句)。如：Lookingoutofthewindow，Isawgroupsofchildrenpassingbythehouse.我从窗口望出去，看见成群的孩子们从房子前面走过。(=WhenIlockedoutofthewindow)Heated，themetalexpands.这种金属加热后即膨胀。(=Whenitishealed)Openingthedrawerhetookoutadictionary.他打开抽屉，拿出一本词典。(=Heopenedthedrawerandtook...这两个动作是一个接着一个)[注]如果要强调分词短语与谓语动词所表示的时间关系，分词短语之前可用when或while等连词。如：Whileworkinginthefactory(=WhileIwasworkinginthefactory)，Ilearntalotfromtheworkers.我在工厂工作期间，从工人那里学到了很多东西。Whenheated，themetalexpands.这种金属加热后即膨胀。b)表示原因(在意义上相当于表示原因的状语从句)。如：Feelingtired,ItelephonedandsaidIcouldn"tcometoahospitalofChinesemedicine.我感到累，打电话说我不能去。(=SinceIfelttired)ThinkingthatChinesemedicinemighthelp，hewenttoahospitalofChinese第405页 medicine.他想中医也许有效，于是到一家中医医院去治病。(=Ashethoughtthat...)Inspiredbytheexcellentsituationtheyworkedevenharder.在太好形势的鼓舞下，他们更加努力工作。(=Sincetheyareinspiredby...)c)表示方式、伴随情况及结果(这种用法没有相当的状语从句可以代替)。如：Hecamerunningbacktotellusthenews.他跑着回来告诉我们这个消息。(方式)Shestoodtherewaitingforthebus.她站在那儿等公共汽车。(伴随情况或方式)Thechildfell，strikingheadagainstthedoorandcuttingit.小孩摔了一跤，头在门上碰破了。(结果)Hewentoutslammingthedoor.他走出去砰地一声把门关上。(伴随情况)Thelichenscamebornebystorms.这些地衣是由暴风雨带来的。(方式)分词的否定结构现在分词的否定式由not后加现在分词构成。如：Notknowingwhattodo，shewenttotheteacherforhelp.她不知道该怎么办，就去请老师帮助。Ileftatnoon，notstayingforlunch.我是中午走的，没有留下来吃午饭。过去分词表否定时，常借助un-等前缀表示。如：Theboywasleftuncaredfor.那孩子无人照管。含有分词的复合宾语分词可作复合宾语中的宾语补足语。可有这种复合宾语的动词有see，watch，hear，set，keep，find，have，get等等。如：Wesawthemwalkingacrosstheroad.我们看见他们穿过那条马路。Weheardthechildrensinging"ILoveBeijing"sTianAnMen"我们听见孩子们唱《我爱北京天安门》。Ifoundmyhometownalmostcompletelyrebuilt.我发现故乡几乎全部改建过了。在have或get后面的复合宾语中，宾语补足语多是过去分词，而它所表示的动作又往往由别人所完成。如：Wemustgetthetelevisionsetrepaired.我们必须把电视机修好。(请别人修)Ihadmywatchmendedintown.我在城里修的表。(叫别人修的)Ifwehaveshortcomings，wearenotafraidtohavethempointedoutandcriticized.我们如果有缺点，就不怕别人批评指出。(请别人指出)但have的复合宾语中的过去分词的动作有时不一定由别人来完成，而是表自己的经验。如：Hehadhisarmbroken.他把手臂折断了。(不是别人给弄折的，而是自己弄折的)[注一]上述句子结构变为被动语态时，除主语和宾语互换位置外，分词不动。如上面的第一、二例句即可变为：Theywereseenwalkingacrosstheroad.Thechildrenwereheardsinging"ILoveBeijingTianAnMen"。[注二]现在分词在复合宾语中和动词不定式在复合宾语中的意义稍有不同。后者指事情的全过程，目的在于仅仅说明发生了这件事；前者指正在继续的动作的一部分，目的在于将该动作当时进行的情景呈现于读者之前，其含义相当于进行时态。如：Isawhimgoupstairs.我看见他上楼去了。(看见他上楼整个过程，只说明他上楼这件事)Isawhimgoingupstairs.我看见他走上楼的。(只看见他上楼这个动作的一部分，说明他上楼的情景)Iwasworkingintheroomallmorning·IheardsomebodyAllknockatthenext第405页 door.我整个上午在房间工作，听见有人敲隔壁房间的门。(听见敲门整个过程)WhenIwentbacktotheroom，Iheardherpracticingsinginginthenextroom.我回房间时听见她在隔壁房间练歌。(只听见一部分，回房间前她已开始唱了)[英语语法手册]非限定动词J现在分词的时态过去分词没有时态形式的变化，所以这里只讲现在分词的时态形式。1)现在分词的时态形式一般式writing完成式havingwritten2)现在分词一般式其所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词所表示的动作之前或后发生。如：WorkingtogetherwithDr.Bethune，welearntalotfromhim.我们在和白求恩大夫一起工作期间，向他学到很多东西。(working与leamt同时发生)Knowingthattheyweregoingabroadnextweek，theybegantomakepreparations.他们知道他们下星期要出国，所以都开始作准备。(knowing发生在began之前)Hecameuptome，saying"Gladtoseeyouagain."他来到我跟前说道，"很高兴又见到你。"(saying发生在came之后)3)现在分词完成式其所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，常常用作状语，表示时间或原因。如：Havingdonehishomework，theschoolboybegantowritehisdiary.这个小学生做完作业后，开始写日记。(havingdonehishomework发生在began之前，表示时间。)Nothayingdoneitright,Itriedagain.没有做对，我就又试。(nothavingdone发生在tried之前，表示原因。)现在分词的被动语态一般式beingwritten完成式haringbeenwritten如：Thisisoneofthemanydamsbeingbuilttheriver.这是沿河修筑的许多水坝之一。Beingsurrounded，theenemytroopswereforcedtosurrender.敌军被包围了，被迫投降。Havingbeenaskedtostay，Icouldn"tverywellleave.人家请我留下，我就不好离开了。独立结构(absoluteconstruction)分词短语所表示的动作在逻辑上有主语，这种主语皆可在同一句中找到。如：TheyoungwomanstandingoverthereisournewEnglishteacher.站在那边的年轻妇女是我们新的英语老师。(分词短语standingoverthere的逻辑主语是theyoungwoman)Havingfinishedhiswork，hewentouttoplayvolleyball.他做完工作后，出去打排球。(havingfinishedhiswork的逻辑主语是he)但有时分词短语有它自己的独立的主语，这种主语常常是名词或代词(主格)，放在分词短语之前，这种结构叫做独立结构。独立结构常用作状语，多用在书面语中。如：第405页 Thedarkcloudshavingdispersed，thesunshoneagain.乌云已散去，太阳又普照大地了。(时间状语)Weshallthreshthewheat，weatherpermitting.天气好的话，我们就打麦。(条件状语)Theirroomwasonthefirstfloor，itsbroadwindowoverlookingthepark.他们的房间在二层楼上，房间里的宽大的窗户俯视着公园。(伴随情况状语，thefirstfloor在英国指第二层楼，在美国指第一层，其余可类推。)Weredoubledourefforts，eachmanworkingliketwo.我们加倍努力工作，一人干两人的活。(方式)Almostallmetalsaregoodconductors，silverbeingthebestofall.几乎所有的金属都是良导体，银是最好的导体。(伴随情况)Themeetingover，wealllefttheroom.会议结束以后，我们就都离开了房间。(时间状语，注意over之前省去了being)Thisdone，wewenthome.做完此事，我们就回家了。(时间状语)Shegazed，herhandsclaspedtoherbreast.她双手*在胸前凝视着。[注一]有的分词短语可以独立存在，在句中没有逻辑上的主语。它们往往已经变成习惯用语，必须熟记。如：Generallyspeaking，thisbookisnotverydifficult.总的说来，这本书并不很难。Judgingfromwhatyousay，hehasdoneaverygoodjob.从你的话看来，他的工作做得很不错。Consideringthathehasbeeninchinaforonlyayear，hespeaksChinesewell.考虑到他到中国才一年，他的中国话讲得很不错了。类似的习惯用语尚有talkingof(谈起)，speakingof(谈到)等引导的分词短语。2013高考英语高频词汇沈阳高分英语家教吴军免费版（非核心授课版）1.accidentn.事故,意外的事2.adventuren.冒险;奇遇3.advertisementn.广告4.ambulancen.救护车5.anxiousa.忧虑的,焦急的6.apologizevi.道歉,谢罪7.appearancen.出现,露面;容貌8.appointmentn.约会9.appreciatev.欣赏;感激10.audiencen.观众,听众11.averagea.平均的;普通的n.平均数12.baggagen.行李第405页 13.bamboon.竹14.beardn.（下巴上的）胡须15.behaviourn.行为,举止16.blamen.&v.责备;责怪17.bleedvi.出血,流血18.telephonebooth电话亭19.boringa.乏味的,无聊的20.breathevi.呼吸21.broadcast（broadcast,broadcast）vt.广播22.businessmann.商人;企业家23.cameran.照相机;摄像机24.candlen.蜡烛25.carrotn.胡萝卜26.ceilingn.天花板,顶棚27.celebratev.庆祝28.centigradea.摄氏的29.centuryn.世纪,百年30.certificaten.证明,证明书31.chainstore(s)连锁店32.cheekn.面颊,脸蛋33.chemistryn.化学34.circlen.圆圈vt.将……圈起来35.classicala.传统的;古典的36.climaten.气候37.clinicn.诊所38.collegen.学院;专科学校39.comfortablea.舒服的;安逸的;舒服自在的40.commentn.评论41.communicatev.交际;传达（感情,信息等）第405页 42.comparevt.比较,对照43.compositionn.作文;作曲44.conceiteda.骄傲自满的45.conditionn.条件,状况46.conferencen.（正式的）会议;讨论47.congratulatevt.祝贺48.contenta.甘愿的,满意的n.内容49.convenienta.便利的,方便的50.countern.柜台,结账51.countrysiden.乡下,农村52.cousinn.堂（表）兄弟,堂（表）姐妹53.crazya.疯狂的54.crowdeda.拥挤的55.curiousa.好奇的;奇异的56.dailya.每日的;日常的ad.每天n.日报57.damagen.&vt.毁坏,损害58.dampa.&n.潮湿（的）59.dangerousa.危险的60.daughtern.女儿61.dawnn.黎明,拂晓62.deadlinen.最后期限,截止日期63.Decembern.12月64.deliciousa.美味的,可口的65.delivervt.投递（信件,邮包等）66.dentistn.牙科医生67.describevt.描写,叙述68.destroyvt.破坏,毁坏69.determinevt.决定;决心70.developv使发展;使发达;使发育;开发vt冲洗照片第405页 71.devotevt.把……奉献;把……专用（于）72.diaryn.日记;日记簿73.dictionaryn.词典,字典74.dining-room食堂,饭厅75.disadvantagen.不利条件;弱点76.disappearvi.消失77.disastern.灾难;祸患78.discoveryn.发现79.diseasen.病,疾病80.distanta.远的,遥远的81.districtn.区;地区;区域82.disturbvt.扰乱;打扰83.dividevt.分,划分84.dizzya.头晕目眩的85.downloadn.&v.下载（计算机用语）86.drawern.抽屉87.drunka.醉的88.easy-goinga.随和的89.educationn.教育,培养90.effortn.努力,艰难的尝试91.electricityn.电;电流92.encouragevt.鼓励93.endlessa.无止境的;没完的94.enlargevt.扩大95.entertainmentn.娱乐96.entrancen.入口;入场;进入的权利;入学许可97.envelopen.信封98.environmentn.环境99.especiallyad.特别,尤其第405页 100.examinevt.检查;诊察101.excellenta.极好的,优秀的102.exitn.出口,太平门103.expectvt.预料;盼望;认为104.experiencen.经验;经历105.expertn.专家,能手106.explanationn.解释,说明107.expressvt.表达;表示;表情n.快车,特快专递108.failuren.失败109.fairlyad.公正地,正当地;相当（程度）地110.familiara.熟悉的111.favourite(美favorite)a.喜爱的n.特别喜爱的人或物112.Februaryn.2月113.festivala.节日的,喜庆的114.firmn.公司;企业a.坚固的,坚定的115.foggya.多雾的116.followinga.接着的;以下的117.forgetfula.健忘的,不留心的118.formera.以前的,从前的;（两者之中的）前者119.fortunatea.幸运的;侥幸的120.freezinga.冻结的;极冷的121.frequenta.经常的;频繁的122.fresha.新鲜的123.fridge=refrigeratorn.冰箱124.frightenvt.使惊恐,吓唬126.graduallyad.逐渐地127.graduatev.毕业128.gratefula.感激的,感谢的129.habitn.习惯,习性第405页 130.hardworkinga.努力工作的131.helpfula.有帮助的,有益的132.hobbyn.业余爱好,嗜好133.honesta.诚实的,正直的134.imaginevt.想像,设想135.immediatelyad.立即136.impossiblea.不可能的137.impressionn.印象,感觉138.improvevt.改进,更新139.includevt.包含,包括140.increasev.&n.增加,繁殖141.independenta.独立的;有主见的142.informationn.信息143.intendvt.想要,打算144.interestn.兴趣,趣味;利息145.internationala.国际的146.internetn.互联网,英特网147.interviewn.&vt.采访,会见,面试148.Januaryn.一月149.journeyn.旅行,路程150.juniora.初级的;年少的151.justicen.正义;公正;司法152.kilometren.千米（公里）153.kindergartenn.幼儿园154.kind-hearteda.好心的155.kitchenn.厨房156.knowledgen.知识,学问157.laddern.梯子158.lamea.跛的,瘸的,残废的第405页 159.lampn.灯,油灯;光源160.languagen.语言161.latesta.最近的,最新的;最晚的162.lattern.（两者之中的）后者163.learneda.有才华的;博学的164.lecturen.讲课,演讲165.licensen.执照,许可证166.litterv.乱丢杂物167.livelya.活泼的;充满生气的168.locala.当地的;地方的169.lovelya.美好的,可爱的170.luggagen.(总称)行李171.magazinen.杂志172.majorityn.大多数173.managern.经理174.marriagen.结婚,婚姻175.materialn.材料,原料176.meanwhilead.同时177.measurev.量n.措施178.medicinen.药179.memoryn.回忆,记忆180.mentionn.提及;记载vt.提到,说起;提名表扬181.messagen.消息,音信182.methodn.方法,办法183.minorityn.少数;少数民族184.misunderstand(-stood)v.误会;不理解185.modeln模型,原形;范例;模范186.modesta.谦虚的;谦逊的187.neata.整洁的;灵巧的第405页 188.necessarya.必需的,必要的189.neighbour(美neighbor)n.邻居,邻人190.nephewn.侄子,外甥191.nervousa.紧张不安的192.networkn.网络,网状系统193.niecen.侄女,甥女194.novembern.11月195.nowadaysad.当今,现在196.Octobern.10月197.officern.军官;公务员,官员;警察,警官198.opinionn.看法,见解199.oppositen.相反,对面a.相反的,对面的200.ordinarya.普通的,平常的219.practise(美practise)v.练习,实践220.preparevt.准备,预备;调制,配制221.presenta.出现的,出席的n.礼物,赠品vt.呈奉,奉送222.presidentn.总统;主席223.pressuren.压迫,压力,压强224.pretendvi.假装,装作225.preventvt.防止,预防226.primaryschool小学227.professorn.教授228.programme(美program)n.节目;项目229.progressn.进步,上进vi.进展;进行230.promisen.&vi.答应,允诺231.pronunciationn.发音232.propera.恰当的,合适的233.protectvt.保护234.prouda.自豪的;骄傲的第405页 235.provevt.证明236.providevt.提供237.provincen.省238.punctuala.准时的239.purposen.目的,意图240.puzzleda.迷惑的,困惑的241.qualityn.质量,性质242.quantityn.量,数243.quieta.安静的;寂静的244.rapida.快的,迅速的245.realise(美realize)vt.认识到,实现246.reasonablea.合乎情理的247.receiptn.收据248.receptionn.接待249.recognise(美recognize)vt.认出250.recommendv.推荐251.recovervi.痊愈;恢复252.reducevt.减少,缩减253.refusaln.拒绝254.registern.登记簿,花名册,注册员v.登记,注册255.relativen.亲属,亲戚256.remindvt.提醒,使记起257.representvt.代表258.respectvt.&n.尊敬,尊重259.restaurantn.饭馆,饭店260.roundabouta.&n.绕道的,不直接的;转盘路261.rubbishn.垃圾;废物262.safetyn.安全,保险263.salaryn.薪金,薪水第405页 264.sayingn.说,俗话,谚语265.scholarshipn.奖学金266.scientifica.科学的267.secretaryn.秘书;书记268.seldomad.很少,不常269.sentencen.句子270.separatev.使分开,使分离a.单独的,分开的271.Septembern.9月272.seriousa.严肃的,严重的;认真的273.severalpron.几个,数个a.若干274.shortcomingn.缺点,短处275.shortlyad.不久276.shouldern.肩膀;（道路的）路肩277.showern.阵雨;淋浴278.sightseeingn.游览,观光279.signaln.信号,暗号280.signaturen.签名281.silenta.无声的,无对话的282.similara.相似的,像283.sincerelyad.真诚地284.skilleda.熟练的;有技能的285.sleepya.想睡的,困倦的,瞌睡的286.slighta.轻微的,细小的287.smarta.灵巧的,伶俐的;（人、服装等）时髦的,帅的288.sociala.社会的;社交的289.societyn.社会290.speciala.特别的,专门的291.standardn.&a.标准（的）292.steal(stole,stolen)vt.偷,窃取第405页 293.straighta.一直的,直的ad.一直地,直地294.strangern.陌生人,外人295.strengthn.力量,力气296.strengthenvt.加强,增强297.succeedvi.成功298.successfula.成功的,有成就的299.suggestionn.建议300.suitablea.合适的,适宜的　　301.supportvt.&n.支持,赞助302.supposevt.猜想,假定,料想303.tearn.眼泪v.扯破,撕开304.technologyn.技术305.teenagern.（13～19岁的）青少年,十几岁的少年306.temperaturen.温度307.tensea.心烦意乱的,紧张的308.terriblea.可怕的;糟糕的309.theatre(美theater)n.剧场,戏院310.thereforead.因此,所以311.Thursdayn.星期四312.tiresomea.令人厌倦的313.trafficlights　n.交通指挥灯,红绿灯314.trainingn.培训315.transportn.&vt.运输316.troublesomea.令人烦恼的;讨厌的317.trustvt.相信,信任,信赖318.truthn.真理,事实,真相,实际情况319.twelfthnum.第十二320.twentiethnum.第二十321.typistn.打字员第405页 322.umbrellan.雨伞323.unemploymentn.失业,失业状态324.unfortunatelyad.不幸地325.uniformn.制服326.universityn.大学327.unlikeprep.不像,和……不同328.unusuala.不平常的,异常的329.upseta.心烦的,苦恼的330.vacationn.假期,休假331.valuablea.值钱的,贵重的332.variousa.各种各样的,不同的333.vegetablen.蔬菜334.victoryn.胜利335.virus.n.病毒336.visitorn.访问者,参观者337.vocabularyn.词汇,词汇表338.volleyballn.排球339.voyagen.航行,旅行340.waistn.腰,腰部,腰围341.waitressn.女服务员342.warm-hearteda.热心的343.Wednesdayn.星期三344.willinga.乐意的;愿意的345.wisdomn.智慧346.wonderfula.美妙的,精彩的;了不起的;太好了347.worrieda.担心的,烦恼的348.woundeda.受伤的349.youthn.青春;青年350.zebracrossing人行横道线（斑马线）第405页 2013高考英语单词联想记忆一adventure;n.&vt.冒险；词中词：venture冒险；投机risk;danger;adventurousadj.喜欢冒险的；充满危险的airplane;n.飞机；联想：aircraft飞行器;飞机;disappoint;v.失望；泄气；词中词appoint指定；委派argue;vi.争论；争吵;近义debatediscuss;brave;adj.勇敢的；近义bold;fearlesscareabout担心；关心carefor喜欢;castvt.&vi.投掷；投射；抛(cast,cast)联想;broadcast广播compass;n.罗盘；指南针;词中词pass通过；经过desertedadj.荒芜的；荒废的；为人所弃的；联想：desert沙漠；dessert甜点；dropsbaline给某人写信（通常指写短信）e-pal；;n.网友；联想：pale苍白的;e-friend；error；n.错误；差错；falseadj.错误的；faultn.错误false;incorrect不正确的feeling；n.触觉；知觉；感觉；情绪；近义emotion;feel；touch;Fond；adj.喜爱的；喜欢的;(be)fondof喜欢；爱好Fry；;vt.&vi.油煎；油炸frying-pan;pot;tryGun；;n.炮；枪;联想:run;fun;Hammer；n.锤子；槌；　词中词ham火腿;联想:gram;grammarHandsome；;adj.英俊的；美观的；近义beautiful;pretty;smarthonest；adj.诚实的；正直的;近义loyal;反义dishonest;huntvt.&vi.&n.打猎；猎取；搜寻huntfor搜寻；追寻；寻找look/searchforinorderto为了;比较:soasto,lie;n./v.谎话；谎言；形近lie;pie;(lied；lied);lay；lain　躺;loyal;adj.忠诚的；忠心的；联想loyalty;;n.忠诚；loyalist；　忠臣；match;;n.火柴;比赛;形近march前进mirror;;n.镜子;形近：error错误;terror;恐怖；第405页 movie;;n.电影；film；move;助记：我I在里边演动感move电影movie；parachute;n.降落伞；ArA对称;联想paragraph;separate;characterrope;n.绳；索；形近;hope;telescope望远镜;saw；;n.锯;seescared；;n.恐惧的；联想：scar;scarf围巾;share；;n./v.分享；共有；分配;共享；份额；词中词hare野兔smart；;adj.聪明的；漂亮的；敏捷的;词中词art;mart=market市场solution；;n.解答；解决办法；解决方案solve;;v.resolutionn.决心;sorrow；n.悲哀；悲痛；联想：row（划船）n.行；排sad;arrow箭speech；vt.&vi.演说；讲话；语音联想：speak；pronunciation;lecturesuchas例如;like;forexample；survive;;vi.&vt幸免于；幸存从……中生还；surprise；surface；vive-万岁（法语）wise;adj.英明的；明智的；聪明的；classical;古典的；联想：class;formal;informal;二agreatmany许许多多；极多(修饰可数名词)；复习：anumberof;manya;pentyof;bathroom;n./v.浴室；盥洗室；厕所bathe；洗澡；bringin；引进；引来;bringtogether　带来；聚集;broad;;adj.宽的；助记：“宽的路”；词中词roadcloset；;n.壁橱；储藏室;词中词;close;set；comeabout；发生;近义happen;occur;takeplace；commander；n.司令官；指挥官词中词command指挥；控制;manCommunicate；vi.交际；沟通；传达联想：communication；n.交流；通讯；通信comparevt.比较；联想：contrast对比;词中词pare削皮；剥去；prepare；cookbook；n.食谱；联想：notebook;exercisebook;guidebook；指南；endupwith以……告终；复习begin/startwith以……开始equaladj.相等的；胜任的;vt.等于；比得上;联想：equality平等;equation方程式；等式unequal不等的；beequalto；exceptfor；除了……之外;联想：besides；加上;inadditionto;apartfrom；第405页 exchange;vt.&n.交换；交流；兑换；词中词change变成;复习：　communicate　communication;expression；n.短语；表情；联想:impression；fall；n秋天；瀑布;联想：rainfall;autumn;call;hall;tallglobal；adj.全球的；球形的;联想：globe；n.球;地球仪government；n.政府；内阁;联想：govern统治;管理;rule;howl；vi.&n.谐音:嚎叫；怒吼；嚎哭independent；adj.独立自主的;联想：depend；international；adj.国际的；世界的；联想：nation;nationallandlady；n.女房东；老板娘land+lady;majority；n.多数；大半;词中词　major主要的makeoneselfathome别客气movement；n.运动；动作；运转;move；native；adj./n本国的;本地的civil国内的;local;当地的;本地人;本国人organization；n.组织；机构；团体;词中词：organize;opposite　在……对面president；n.总统；校长；行长；会长;词中词resident居民；居住者;reside居住residence住宅pronounce；;vt.发音；宣告；断言；复习noun名词;pronunciation;pronoun;publish；v.发表；出版；公布;词中词pub　酒吧（店）；联想：print;comeout;repeat;n.vi重做；重复；复述重复；反复replace；vt.取代；替换；代替;联想：change;taketheplaceof;service;n.服务；服务性工作;联想：serve;conservation保护；维护signal;;n.信号;联想：;design;assign；appoint;sign标志；迹象；签名situation;n.情形；境遇；（建筑物等的）位置；联想：situatev.位于；处于；坐落southern;n.南方的；南部的northern;south；Spanish;;adj.n西班牙语；西班牙人;西班牙（人、语）的stand;;n.台；看台；摊，摊位;站；容忍；standard;understand;stagestatement;n.陈述；声明；综述;联想：statestayup；不睡；熬夜；situp;stayawayfrom第405页 tidy；;vt.整理；收拾tide潮汐cleantongue;n.舌头；语言；口语;languagemothertongue；n.母语tonguetwistertotal；;adj../v.总数；合计;总共;altogetheradv.总计；总数intotal；;联想：altogether;addupto;inall;allinall;onthewhole;totally；adv.完全地；整个地tourism；;n.旅游；观光;联想：tour；towel；;n.毛巾;scarf围巾；纸巾hankerchief；手帕trade;adj.贸易；商业;businessWTO.merchant;typhoon；;n.台风;谐音:联想：type类型；种类；打字adventurous；;adj.喜欢冒险的；充满危险的;联想：adventure;三aswellas也；还；而且;以及backpack；;n.背包;词中词：pack包;back;联想backward落后的；向后forward向前;basic;adj./n基本的;基本；要素base基础的basis基础basinboard;vt.上（船、飞机等）onbroad；broad宽的;　aboard在船／飞机上cellophane;n.手机;联想：mobilephone;automobile汽车combine;vt.&vi.(使）联合；（使）结合;联想：connect联合;unit;join;consider;vt.考虑；照顾；认为;词中词：side;contain;vt.包容；容纳;复习：include；tain锡铂;tin锡罐;destination;n.目的地；同义：purpose目标；aim;goaleco-travel;;n.生态旅游;ecology生态学;ecologist生态学家equipment;;n.装备；设备;联想：equipv.词中词：quip双关语;decorate装潢；装饰;excitement;n.刺激；兴奋；激动；联想：excite使激动；thrill;刺激；experience；vt.&n.体验；经历；经验；experiment；试验；　experiencedadj.getawayfrom逃离；同义:escape;flee（fled;fled）handle;vt./n操作；处理;柄；把手;联想：control;operate;conduct；词中词：hand;means;n.手段；方法复习：way;method;approach;nature;n.自然;自然界;本性；联想：natural;自然的;strait;feature特征;characteristicnormaladj.正常的；正规的；标准的近义formal；反义词第405页 ：abnormal非正式的；正式的;informal非正式的;normal;n.正规；常态;联想：regular;irregular;abnormalontheotherhand另一方面;比较;ontheonehand;unit;单元;联想：unity　统一；团结;unitepaddle;vi.n.vt.划桨；涉水;　用桨划词中词：pad垫子；填料；联想：　row划船particular;;adj特别的；特殊的；special；especial；反义词：　common；general;poison;n.毒药；毒害;联想：poisonous有毒的；有害的；恶毒的protectsb/sthfrom保护、保卫某人（某事物；）联想：defend;keep;prevent;stop...from阻止;responsiblyadv.负责地；联想：responsible;adj.respond回答；反应seesboff.(到火车站、飞机场等处)为某人送行；联想：bringsb.back;separate;adj.单独的；分开的;词中词rate比率;分开；隔离;Sep.九月（缩写）similarity;.n类似；类似处;联想：similar;相似的；differencesimple;adj.简单的;反义词：difficult;complexsimply;adv.仅仅；只不过；简单地；完全；简直;近义merelyspider;n.蜘蛛;词中词:side;spidermap蜘蛛图;stream;vt.&vi.溪；川；流；词中词:team;换一字cream乳酪scream尖叫；task；;n.任务；作业;联想：duty值日；职责；tip;n.小费；提示；贴士；建议；倒置pit坑；沟通;联想：dip;transportation；;n.运输；运送;联想：transport;;vunpack；;vt.&vi打开（包裹、行李等）；卸货;联想：pack包裹;load装载;unload卸载vacation;n.　近义holiday假日watchout注意；当心;　联想：lookoutadvance；;vt.&vi./n.前进；提前distance；距离;前进；提升；近义march前进；进步；progress;注意：指“进步”时advance是可数名词；progress是不可数名词。四agent；n.代理（商），经纪人；词中词age年纪；manager;travelagent旅行社代理人；助记：上年纪的经纪人articlen.文章；论文;冠词；近义composition作文；boom；n./v.隆隆声；　联想：bloom开花;room房间;broom扫把;拖把；Buddha；n.佛；佛像；佛陀;；谐音“布带”佛；couch；n.（坐卧两用的）长沙发;第405页 联想：ouch哎哟；　sofa;沙发crack；vi.发破裂声；劈啪地响；谐音boom；形近：crash;坠毁；碰撞；track轨迹；踪迹；痕迹deadlinen.截止时间；最终期限；联想：headline头版头条destroy；vt.摧毁；毁坏；近义：damage;hurt;harm;wound；ruin;disaster；n.灾难；灾祸；联想：tragedy悲剧；misfortune不幸;drag;vt.拖；拖曳rag破布；烂衣服；联想：pull拉;fear;vt.&vi./.害怕；畏惧;恐惧联想：tobeafraidof；terror;fright;horror;shock;反义fearless；fightvi.搏斗；斗争；争吵;(fought,fought);加一字：fright恐惧;近义struggle;finally;adv.最后；终于；联想：atlast;intheend;eventuallyflow;vi.&n.流动；倒置：wolf狼;联想low;助记：水向低处流frightn.惊骇；吃惊;减一字fight;复习：frighten;fight;fear;shock;getonone"sfeet；站立起来;struggletoone"sfeet;gothrough；通过；经受；仔细检查联想：lookthroughhost；vt.n主办或主持某活动;主人；联想：cost;lost;ghost;hot;近义master;owner;king;n.国王;联想：queen;emperor;nationaladj.国家的;民族的；词中词　：nation;联想：internationalnaughtyadj.顽皮的;淘气的note；n.笔记；注释；纸币;notebook笔记本式电脑onfire失火;着火;catchfireonholiday在度假;onvacation;opportunityn.机会；时机;可能性;近义chancepeanut；n.花生;　词中词pea豆;　nut坚果;pullsbup把……往上曳;pulldown;pullout;rescue；n.援救；营救;近义：saveassist;help;roar；;v.轰鸣；咆哮；怒号;联想：howl;board；n.木板；甲板;联想：board;scare；vi.恐吓；使人恐惧；令人惊吓;受恐吓;词中词care关心;联想：scared;scar;t/vi助记:死汽车car让我留下伤疤scar;只好用围巾scarf遮挡;Thecarefulmanisscarcelyscaredbythescarceparcel.细心男子勉强被罕见的包裹吓了一下.第405页 seize；;v.抓住；逮住；夺取；联想：grasp;catch;size尺寸shake；;vt.&vi.震动；摇动；摇；颤抖;形近联想：quake；cake；brake刹车；snake;蛇；bake烘；烤wake醒来;sake缘故；目的;baker;面包师；silver;n.银；银子；联想：scene场面；布景；stair；n.(阶梯的）一级；楼梯；联想：up/downstairs；adv.上/下楼梯strike；vi./n击打；打动;罢工(struck,struck/stricken)；近义：hit;knock;beatstruggle；;v./n努力；挣扎；奋斗；联想：contest;fight;compete;swallow；;n./v.n燕子;咽；淹没；吞没；词中词：wallow沉迷；溺于；wall墙；allow;takeplace发生;联想：happenoccurtemple；;n.庙；寺；神殿;词中词：temp临时的;形近temper气质；脾气;bad-tempered;脾气坏的；toothbrush；;n.牙刷;联想：brush刷touch；;v.&n.触摸；（使）接触；感动;联系；联想：touch;contact;connect;换一字：torch火炬；tower；;n.塔；城堡；联想：napkin;towel毛巾unforgettable；;adj.难忘的;联想：forgetupon；prep.在……之上；联想：above;over;academy；n.学院;AcA对称；助记;我my的deAcA学院；accept；vt.接受；认可;形近access接近;近义receive五action;n.动作；情节；作用；举动actor；n.男演员；行动者；参以者actress；n.女演员；形近address地址；hostess女主人adult；;n.成人；成年人；联想：teenager青少年award；;n.奖；奖品；联想：toward；reward;boss；n.老板；上司;助记:读了博士（boss）当老板;联想：cross;loss损失;bringsbback送回某人;联想：seeoff;career；n.事业；生涯；助记:有车car的事业；形近engineer;pioneer;choice；n.选择；抉择；精选品;联想;choose　;v.classical；adj.古典文学的；古典的词中词;classComment；n.&vi.评论；注释；意见;联想：opinion;advice;remark;creature;n.生物；动物；近义：animal;第405页 cruelty;;n.残忍；残酷；联想：cruel;kind;degree;n.学位；度数；度；程度;联想：agree同意;grade;academy；n.学院;determinevi.&adj.决定；决心determined;decide;makeupone"smind；director;n.导演；主任；理事；董事direct指导；导演；直接的；方向；联想：direction方向drama；n.戏剧；戏剧艺术;AmA对称；联想：theatre剧院;comedyfollow-upadj.后续的;　联想：grown-up；成年人;adult;gowrong走错路，误入歧途；不对头；出毛病；go作系动词加形容词作表语；联想：gomad发疯；　gobad变坏；happiness；n.幸福；快乐；联想：happy;pleasure;fun;entertain;hero；;n.英雄；男主角；男主人公;助记:英雄男人O背后是她her;icy；adj.寒冷的；冰冷的;联想：iceinall总共；总之;联想：atall;afterall;aboveall;industry；n.工业；行业；产业;词中词dust灰尘；助记：工业里边有灰尘dust；反义：agriculture农业；law；n.法律；法学；规律;　联想lawyer律师;legal合法的leader；n.领导者;联想：lead;live；adv.现场地；直播地；联想：　native本族的；本地的；　lively活泼的live；adj.直播的；活的；生动的;联想：lively；alive;locksb.up将某人锁于某处不得进出；将某人监禁起来反义：setfree;释放；ontheair；正在播出的;联想：ontheradio;broadcast;outer；adj.外部的；外面的;联想：inner内部的owe；vt.&vi.欠（债等）；感激；把…归功于;联想：own拥有；所有；自己的owesthtosb.把……归功于某人;owingto=thanksto因为；由于peace；n.和平；和睦；安宁;反义：　war战争;联想："peace;war;found"大声念以上三个词：屁是我放的primary；adj初等教育的；最早的；首要的　联想：prime主要的；primaryschool；n.小学;middleschool中学prize;；n.奖赏；奖金；奖品;联想：award;pricerole;n.角色；联想：part角色；部分runafter追赶;beafter；seek;search;scene；n.场面；情景；布景;EnE对称；联想：view;sight场景;scriptn.剧本；手稿；手迹；联想：description描述；描绘；形容;describesilverscreen银幕；电影（业务）speed；n.&v速度;加快；（sped,sped,speeded,speeded)飞跑；联想：seed种子；need；feed；weed第405页 stayaway;不在家；外出；联想：athome;stayup;熬夜；stepfathern.继父；联想：stepmother继母studion.摄影棚（场）；演播室；画室；工作室study工作室;radio;收音机takeoff成功；成名；脱掉（衣服）；（飞机）起飞thinkhighlyof对……高度评价advice;n.&v.忠告；建议；联想：advise;vice副的六apologise;vi.<英>=apologize<美>道歉；词中词Polo助记：马可波罗polo马球；水球；dramatic；adj.戏剧的;dramaapology;n.道歉；saysorryto；联想：apologize;v.makeanapologytobehave;vt.&vi.举动；举止；行为表现；举止适当；守规距；有礼貌;联想：behaviour;n.；goodmanners;polite;bone;n.骨；骨头;　onebreast;;n.胸部；胸怀；联想chest　胸部；east;eat;助记：胸怀祖国；面向东方；childhoodn.孩童时期；童年时代;联想;boyhood孩童年时代；neighbourhood街区cloth;n.布；织物；衣料;联想：clothes衣服;clothingcomma;n.逗点；逗号;period句号；dash破折号course;n.一道菜；过程；课程；联想：process;过程；ofcourse；culture;n.文化；文明;联想：agriculture农业custom;n.习惯；风俗;联想：habit（个人）习惯;customs;海关；customer;顾客；damp;adj.潮湿的;联想：dam;lamp;灯；助记：堤坝边缘潮湿wet；dessert;n.甜点；比较：deserteddisabled;adj.伤残的；残疾的;联想：healthy；disabilityextra;adj.额外的；外加的；特大的;联想：extraordinary　非凡的；不平常的fashion；n.流行；时尚；方式;联想：cushion;垫子；pattern;model;type;；followthefashion赶时髦fault；n.过错；缺点；故障；联想：false;error;mistake；wrong;;correct;flesh;n.肉；（供食用的）肉；果肉;形近：flash　闪烁；动漫;fresh;forgive;vt.原谅；饶恕(forgave,forgiven)　近义；excuse;pardonformal;adj.正式的；正规的联想：informal非正式的；形近：normal;impolite;adj.无礼的；粗鲁的；联想：rude;polite;goodmannersimpression;n.印象；感想;联想：impress;press;havedeepimpressiononinterrupt;vt.&vi.打断；中断；插嘴;联想：disturb;bother;trouble;第405页 introduce;vt.介绍；引进；提出;联想：introduction;produce;reduce;educate;lap;n.(坐时的）大腿前部；膝盖;联想：knee　膝盖;tap;map;cap;rap;leaveout省去；遗漏；不考虑;联想：neglect;omit;regardless;不管；不顾；makejokesaboutsb以某人为笑柄;makefunof;playtrickson;　manner;n.方式；样式；方法;联想：manners;n.礼貌；规矩;goodmanners;politeness；mix;vt.(使）混合；混淆;联想：mixturenapkin;n.餐巾;餐巾纸;联想：　handkerchief　手帕;oops;int.哎哟;　联想：ouch噢;couch沙发;pray;vi.祈祷；恳求；请;联想：ray光线　pay付钱raise;vi.举起；提高；唤起；饲养；加一字：prais赞扬;联想：rise升起roll;vt.面包圈；卷形物滚动；卷；rollup卷起；sip;vt.&vi.抿一小口;联想：dip;skip;跳过；tipspirit；vt.&vi.烈酒（常用复数）；精神；情绪;联想：emotion情绪;wine;beer；比较;softdrinkstare;vi凝视；盯着看;fixone"seyeson;stareat盯着;联想：glare注目；怒视；瞪眼;“Bewarethesoftwareinthewarhouseduringthewarfare,”haresaid;glaringatme.兔子怒视着我说：“战争期间当心仓库里的软件。Idaren"tdeclarethatthesharesaremysparefareandwelfareonthefarewellparty.在告别会上,我不敢宣称这些股票是我的备用车费和福利;starter;n.第一道菜；开端；起动器tender;;adj.嫩的；温柔的；软弱的;联想：softtoast;n.干杯；烤面包（片）；吐司面包;联想：coast;unfold;v.打开；显露；阐明;反义;spread扩展；延伸;extend;fold折叠;disclose;discover;uncover;westerner;n.西方人；联想：western西方的wing;;n.翅；翅膀；机翼；加一字：swing摇摆；旋转联想：　king；ring；shake；quake;ancient;;adj.古代的；古老的;ancestor祖先；祖宗；词中词;cent分;反义;modern；artist;n.艺术家;形近；smart机灵;聪明；词中词;art;七beauty；n.美；美景；美好的人或事物；联想；beautifulbreath；v.呼吸;v.联想：breathe;earth；brick；;n.砖；砖形物；词中词：rick　草堆；木料;形近：chicktick;打钩；thickbring…backtolife；使苏醒；使生动；使活泼;反义：;cometolife复活；苏醒;第405页 bronze；n.青铜;联想:copper铜;iron铁；silver;gold;ironburn；vt.焚烧；烧焦；点（灯）;burndown烧毁；(burnt,burnt;burned,burned)capsule;n.太空舱；胶囊；词中词;cap帽子carbon;n.碳元素；联想：carbondioxide二氧化碳；oxide氧化物cave;;n.洞穴；窑洞;形近brave;wave;save;slave;pave;助记：那个勇敢的奴隶下到铺满波浪的洞穴中去救另一个奴隶。cultural；adj.文化的；联想：culture;adj.damage;;vt.&n.损害；伤害大坝；助记：堤坝dam年久age失修损坏；毁坏destroy.dioxide;;n.二氧化物；ox公牛；助记：公牛前后，DIoxID对称dynasty;n.朝代；王朝；联想：nasty令人作呕的；污秽的;dying临死的dye染……色;fairytalen.神话；童话；谎言;联想：fair;公平的；givein让步；投降；联想：giveupinclude;vt.包括；包含;conclude;except;limitvt./n限制；限定;　联想：limitless无限制的official;n.官员；公务员;adj.官方的；正式的；公务的officer官员;联想：office；clerk;职员；period；n.一段时间；时期；句号；　联想：times；comma逗号；photograph；n.照片；联想：　telegrap；h电报;photo;picturepollution；n.污染；玷污；联想：pollutev.portraitn.肖像；人像;port港口;　trait特色；特征;imageproject;vt.计划；方案；工程；联想：rejectpulldown拆毁；推毁；推翻;　联想：burndown；pullup;pyramid;n.(古代埃及的）金字塔；锥体联想：ram公羊；助记;白羊座amid在中间mid;中部的;rebuildvt.&vi.重建；复原；改造（rebuild,rebuild)联想：restore;reconstruct；recreate;vt.再创造；再创作；重新创造；重新创新relic;;n.遗物；遗迹；纪念物;联想：site;ruinrepresent;n.&vt.代表；表现；联想：symbol;present;standforrestore;;vt.修复；重建;rebuild重建；复习:store储存；储藏ruin;n.废墟；遗迹；毁灭；崩溃;词中词：run;联想：relic；遗址;site;位置；场所；website；网址；inruins成为废墟；遭到严重破坏；setup设立；创立；联想：found;build；sincerely；;adv.真诚地；词中词：since;rely依靠；statue；n.雕像；statue；state洲；国家；状态；figure；n.人物；图形v.描绘；计算；stone；n.石；石头；宝石；联想：jewel珠宝；宝石；jewellery珠宝unite;v.联合团结；联想：unit单元connect;join;unity团结;theUntiedKingdom;英国；TheUK;比较:The第405页 USvase；n.花瓶；瓶;联想：base;website;vi.站点；网址；联想：address地址;　site地点；地址;AD(=AnnoDomini);公元;反义：BC公元前；athlete;n.运动员；运动选手；形近complete;playerbadminton.羽毛球（运动）；词中词bad;ton;八BC(=beforeChrist)公元前;比较;ADbecauseof因为；由于;同义thanksto;accountfor；owingto;compete;vi.竟争；词中词：pet比赛；宠物比赛；联想：complete;完成；结束contrast;competition;.竟争者；对手；比赛者;contest;continent;n.大陆；陆地;同义：landmass;dive;vi.潜水;联想：drive开车；驾驶effect;n.结果；后果；联想：result结果;affectv.影响;elect;facial;adj.面部的；联想：face;surface;necklace;final;;adj.最终的；最后的;联想：finally;atlast;intheend;eventually;flag;n.旗；标记；联想：fag疲劳；drag;拖；　banner;旗子；flame;;n.火焰;形近:fame荣誉；名誉；famous;著名的further;;adv.(在时间或空间上）距离更大地，更远地;father;gesture;n.手势；姿态；联想：signal信号；sign;记号；motion移动；pose姿势；gold;adj./n.金的；金制的；黄金；金币;联想：oldjade　玉；翡翠；silver银；golden;diamond；old;told;sold;hold;fold;gymnastics;n.体操;简称;gym;　体育馆；健身房；体育课;PE;　联想：nasty污秽的medal;n.奖章；勋章；纪念章；联想：metal金属;　mental脑力的；智力的motto;n.座右铭；格言；题词;联想：moto;r马达pointvt.&vi.得分；点；尖端;指；指向position;n.位置；职位;联想：location;preparation;;n.准备；预备；联想：prepare;v.准备；预备;inpreparationfor为……准备;联想：makepreparationsfor;getreadyfor;prepare;联想：compare;repair;professional;adj专业人员；职业运动员联想：athlete;形近：professor;profile;;n.简介；（个性及生平的）简要描述；词中词：file;rank;;n.&vt.&vi.分等级；排名；联想：grade;年级;degree;度数;学位tank;bank银行；河岸第405页 thankshooting;;n.射击；联想：fire;gun;bomb;skill;;n.技能；技巧；熟练；巧妙；词中词kill；联想：technology;technique;;skillful;experienced;standfor代表；代替；象征；支持；联想：represent代理；代表superstar;vt.超级明星supergirl超女takepart参加;联想：attend;joinin;tie;vt.固定；捆紧；联想：lie;pie;fasten;title；n.题目；标题；称号；头衔;topic;subject;torch;n.火炬；知识来源；手电；联想：lighttouch触摸；接触trackandfieldn.田径;track;轨迹；踪迹;speedskating;n.速滑;venue;;n.比赛地点；体育比赛场馆；联想：avenue大街;广场;avenue大街stadium体育馆;weigh;vi.重（若干）；n.重力；重量；助记：八个w的重量。联想：eight；称（……重量）;height;高度；weightlifting;n.举重；weight+lifting;well-known;adj.众所周知的；有名的；清楚明白的；联想：famous；wouldrathern.宁愿；宁可；联想：hadbetter;wrestling;;n.摔跤;rest休息;助记：W和L摔交；摔到就休息。absolutely；;adv.绝对的；完全地；联想：completely；according；adv.依照；近义；inone"sopinion;accordingto按照；根据……所说agreement;n.一致；协定;反义：disagreement；九appointment;n.约会；指定；联想：point点；指向；指出；disappoint;automobile；n.汽车mobile流动的；易动的;联想；autobus巴士；autocar;auto自动的；behaviour;;n.(=behavior)行为；举止；习性；助记；I我our我们的举止表现breakdown;毁掉；坏掉；中止;breakout爆发；broadband;adj.宽带的;broad+band(带;波段)calender；n.日历；历法;lend;助记:借来的日历;词中词endcallfor要求；需要;联想：askfor;require；case；;n.事；病例；案例；情形;联想：base基础；vase花瓶；incase(of)/that；假设；万一;联想：inthecaseof在......情况下clone;vt.&n.无性繁殖；谐音克隆；；clue;n.线索；提示词语;联想：cue暗示;glue;胶水第405页 dare;vt.&v.aux.敢；胆敢;联想：care;compare;raredefeat;n.失败；败北；词中词feat功绩；伟绩defeat;vt.击败；战胜；联想：fail失败；联想：win赢；胜；defeat;department;;n.部；局；处；科；部门；系；depart；联想：apartment公寓；套房;depend;vi.依靠；依赖；联想：independent;独立的；rely;dependant;依赖；dial；vt.拨号;联想：diagram表格;dialogue；对话;dialect方言;disagree；;vi.不同意的；不一致;联想：agreement；disagreementelectricity；;n.电；电学；联想：　electric;electronic;emergency；;n.紧急情况；突发事件；非常时刻;联想：passion情感；emerge出现；显露骨feeling；feature；n.特征;特色;同义characteristic；forcen.力量；暴力;联想：source源泉;联想：power;strength;fierce；forcevt.强制；促使；强迫；function；;n.功能；作用;联想：fun;funeral；葬礼；image；;n.图象；肖像；形象;联想：imagine;想象interview；vt.&n.接见；会见;联想：meet;view；review；international；item；;n.项目；条款；（消息、情报等的）一条；latest；;adj.最近的;联想：　recent　最近的;late;later后来，以后;negative；;adj.否定的;负面的;消极的;　联想：positive正面的；积极的obey;vt.服从；顺从;联想：disobey;beyond在远处；在那边　peaceful;adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的;peace；同音;pieceplanet;n.行星;联想：plane飞机;　plan　计划;plant;种植;star；恒星；press;n.压力；印刷；新闻;联想：impress;expression;express；remind；vt.&vi.提醒；使想起;联想：mind;remind…of…;resource；;n.资源；财力;联想：source源泉；来源pond池塘revise；;v.修订；校订；修正;联想：review；复习；skip；vi.&vt.跳读；略过;联想：scan细看;skim浏览;sip;咂一口；stayintouchwith；与……保持联络;联想：keep/getintouchwithsucceed；;v.成功；取得成功;联想：success;successfultakeover；接受；接管；联想：takeup;从事；teenager；n.（13—19岁的）青少年；inone’steens;/twenties---nineties某人几岁；几十岁；throughout；prep.遍及；贯穿;联想：alloverthe……；across；unexpected；adj想不到的；意外的；未预料到的;联想：expectwhatever；pron./adj凡是……；无论什么;无论怎样的；无论哪一种的第405页 wonder;n.奇迹；惊奇;联想：wonderful;wander徘徊;漫游act;vt.&vi.扮演；担当；表演；表现;联想：action;active;activity;actor;actress;adaptvt.使适应；改编;A-A对称;adaptto;适应（新环境等）;形近adopt采纳;add;vt.&vi增加；添加；补充说加；加起来；增添;联想：addition;address十amount；n.数量;词中词;mount山;峰Emei;mountain;Mount峨眉山;联想：质量qualityantelope;n.羚羊;词中词;ant;telescope望远镜asaresultof;作为（……的）结果;联想：resultin;导致;结果是atpresent;现在；目前;联想：sofarattractive;adj.吸引人的；有魅力的;active;drawattentionto;联想：active;battery;n.电池;bath洗澡;联想：butterfly;蝴蝶;bat蝙蝠；球棒；brief;adj.简洁的；扼要的;联想：short;simple;belief相信；信仰；common;adj.共同的；普遍的；同义:general;usual;devote;vt.投入于；献身;联想：deter妨碍；延缓;vote;devote…to献身于……；专心于……vote投票;dieout灭绝；逐渐消失;联想：diedown减弱;dieoff;ecosystem;n.生态系统;system系统endanger;vt.危害；使受到危险;联想：danger;dangerousendangerment;n.危害；受到危险;联想：indanger;environmental;adj.环境的;联想：environment;环境;iron铁;mental精神的；脑力的flatadj.平的；平坦的;词中词;fat;　flat套房;flat；n.〈英〉公寓住宅；单元住宅apartment；apart；分开；分隔；fur；n.毛皮；毛；软毛;联想：leather羽毛；feather；giraffe；n.长颈鹿　;deergraph；n.图表；曲线图;联想：diagram;picture;drawing;paiting;telegraph;portrait;肖像；肖像画；相片。habitat；n.生活环境；栖息地;联想：habit;harmful；adj.有害的；伤害的;联想：harm;indanger在危险中；垂危;endanger;inthewild在自然环境中;在野外;联想：intheopenair;jungle；n.热带丛林;联想：forest;bush灌木丛kangaroo；n.袋鼠；词中词;mouse;mice;rat；leadvt./vi.领导；率领；致使;通向；导致联想：leadadj.领头的；领先的；leadinglead第405页 to导致某种结果;resultinmakeadifference有关系；有影响；有差别；成功；material；n.材料；原料；　联想：mate同伴；室友measure；n./v尺寸；措施;takemeasure;词中词;treasure；财宝；采取措施;takeastep；organise；；vt.&vi.组织；组织起来；　联想：organize；organisev.original；adj.最初的；原始的；独特的；singal　信号；　originn.起源；由来package；n.包裹；包;　联想：backpack背包packn.包；行李　page页码;wrap包裹；packagevt.包装;pack+age;luggage;packagingn.包装材料；poster；n.海报；招贴;联想：post邮寄;reduce；v.减少；缩减；简化;联想：increase；增加;produce生产respond；v.回答；响应；联想：answer;reply;responsible;responsibility；respondto;setfree释放;联想：inprison坐牢soda；n.苏打；谐音：碳酸水species；n.种类;联想：special;kind;type;sort;throwawayadj.扔掉；topic;n.话题；主题；联想：title；subject；词中词：top；tour;n.旅行；游历；旅游;联想：trip；journey；voyage;valuable;adj.贵重的；有价值的联想：value;perciouswolf;n.狼;　联想：倒置flow流动／淌Asia亚洲;A-A对称bluesn.布鲁斯音乐；布鲁斯歌曲;联想blue蓝色;clue;线索;glue胶水chant；n.唱或喊叫的词语；联想：ant蚂蚁;merchant;商人;can;hat;characteristc；n.特征；特点；联想：feather特征;ArA对称desiren.愿望；心愿；要求；联想：;联想：will愿望;admireUnit11emotion；n.情感；感情；情绪;联想：motion动作;entertainvt.&vi.使欢乐；招待；款待;enter进入；联想：entertainment;funexpress;vt.表达；表示；联想：　press压；挤;expression;folkadj./n民间的;人们；亲属（复数）联想：relatives亲属local当地的guitar;n.吉他；六弦琴tar　焦油incommon共同（的）；共有（的）inner;adj.内部的；内心的；里面的;联想：outer;upper;instrument；n.工具；器械;联想：tool第405页 intelligence；n.智力；聪明；智能;联想：intelligent;adj.IQ;智商；jazzn.爵士音乐联想：musical；adj.音乐的;music；musician；n.音乐家;physican医生；医师；perform；v.表演；履行；执行；联想：form　表格；形成；performer；n.表演者;联想：performance；n.表演process；；n.制作；加工；处理;联想：success;access;rap；；n.说唱；联想：rapid快的；迅速的;trap陷井；rappervt.说唱艺人；进行说唱表演的人tap;轻拍；map;cap;rap；record；n.记录；录音；vt.纪录；唱片;联想：accordingto根据；按照;create;v.创造;联想：tape;type;recorder;录音机；磁带;rhythm；n.节奏；韵律；联想：rime押韵；satisfy；vt.&vi.满足；使满意;联想：satisfaction;satisfied;satisfying;slave；n.奴隶；联想：brave;slavespread；v.传播;伸展；展开(spread;spread)；联想：motion运动;提议；unfold展开；extend；suggestion；n.提议；意见；联想：suggest;gesture手势traditional；n.传统的；联想：tradition;n.custom（社会）习俗；trade；turn…into把…变成;联想：changeinto；universal；；adj通用的；普遍的；世界的；全体的;联想：universe宇宙；university大学；variety；n.多样性；种类；变化；联想：vary改变;　various各种各样的;形近：crueltyversus；prep.与……相对;简写Vs.announcement；n.&n.&vi.宣告；公告；告示;词中词noun;announce;cement水泥；混凝土；believein信任；信仰；支持；赞成联想：trust;faith;beliefcharacter;n.品格；特性；人物;词中词：act扮演;comedy;n.喜剧；喜剧性的事情;联想：tragedy;悲剧;exhibition;n.展览会；展览品;联想：exhibitv.展示;onshowUnit12forehead;n.前额；（任何事物的）前部;联想：foreign外国的;forearm前臂;联想：forecast预言；预测;　forefather祖先;forfinger食指;habit；n.习惯；习性;　联想：custom（社会）习俗；(复数）海关；关税;habitat栖息地;introuble；处于困境中；indanger;第405页 literature；n.文学（作品）；文艺；联想：culture文化;local；adj.当地的；地方的；乡土的;联想：folk；magic；n.魔法；魔术；魔力；adj.用魔法或魔术的;联想：　wich女巫wichcraft；　巫术；联想：logic逻辑；miserable；adj.痛苦的；悲惨的；可怜的；联想：pity;sympathy；power;n.能力；力量；权力；联想：forceromanticadj浪漫的；传奇式的;modernscar；vt.伤痕；疤痕；联想：scared;恐怖的；series；n.连续；系列；联想：serious严肃的；serial连载的；定期的;aseriesof一连串的；一系列；一套；联想：apairof;serious;严肃的；严重的；shoulder；；vt.肩；肩部；n.肩负；承当；联想：should；explode爆炸；chest胸；breast胸膛；soot煤烟;油烟；联想：burden负担;load;explod；爆炸；stupid；adj.愚蠢的;联想：foolish;clever;wise;brighttreat；v.对待；视为；治疗；款待;联想：cure;regard/consider/lookon…astrick；n.诡计；恶作剧;fun;joketurnaround；转过身；转过来；turnover；unhappy；vi.不幸的；不快乐的;联想：happy;sad;villager；n.村民;联想：village村庄；whisper；vi./n耳语；私语;联想：　his;助记:拍per他的W;witchcraft；n.魔法；巫术;　witch;助记:女巫施魔witch转换开关switch；aircraft；飞行器；飞机；wizard；n.神汉；术士；奇才minority；n.少数;联想：majoritypress；v.按；压；逼迫;　联想：express表示；表达;impress;address地址；process；n.过程；程序；方法;联想：access；v.接近；迈进;award;course过程programme；程序;approach；professional；；n.专业的；职业的；联想：profession职业;professor教授;raft；n.&vt.木筏;乘筏；联想：rat老鼠；加一字：craft飞机；aircraft；飞行器；飞机；谐音归纳：typhoon台风soda苏打（水）tower塔第405页 stone石头tour旅途；旅游match"默契"比赛loyal“老爷”忠诚microphone麦克风sofa沙发howl嚎叫;ouch噢；oop哦magicn.魔法；魔术；魔力guitar吉他；stone；石头；blues;布鲁斯舞蹈、音乐；guitar；吉他；modern；摩登；高一册下单词分类速记Unit13（记忆方法归纳）一、词中词或复合词fibre；n.纤维；fire头；[助记]：纤维fibre去掉b就变成火；火中加上b就烧成“纤维”diet；n.饮食；[助记]病从口入，人是吃饮食而“死”的diemineral；n.矿物、矿石[助记]：mine(我的)矿中有矿石ralfever[助记]：人人都曾经ever发过烧；function；n.“功能”中有快乐fun[助记]：吃了这种-ction保健品有“快乐”fun的功能function.;funeral葬礼nutrition坚果[助记]nut富有营养nutrition;nutrious富有营养的；digest；vt.消化；dig+est；stomach胃助记：胃就像“挖地”dig一样蠕动，消化食物。steam；n.蒸气，蒸；联想馒头;steambread成组/队team地蒸steam。--eam;stream;scream;dream;team;(小溪、尖叫、梦想、队、组)；boil；；.助记加上油oil就能煮沸boilpeach；n.助记每一个each“P”形桃子peach.chemical;adj.化学的；复习chemist;chemistry;chemics;sleepy;瞌睡的；想睡的；复习beauty;tasty;diary;plenty;energy;第405页 mushroom;蘑菇；mush软块；〔美国〕玉米面粥+room；boil;oil;油mixture;mix;混合spoonful;spoon;调羹；汤匙；lettuce;【植物；植物学】莴苣。二、谐音peel剥“皮”“peel”；soft:索芙特；不含酒精的；软（饮料）；saladn.色拉；bacon助记：培根爱吃咸肉bacon；barn.棒，吧，酒吧；fue；谐音废“油”燃料三、组块或换字记忆-ace复习pacen.步调；race比赛/种族；necklace项链；face脸/面对；surface表面；助记项链种族面对面地赛跑步幅。-eanbean豆；pea大豆；beancurd豆腐；mean意思是，意味着；吝啬的;lean倾斜；clean,ocean,pean;感恩歌，赞美歌；-aingain获得；增加；brainn.头脑，大脑；main主要的；pain收获；entaintain娱乐；rain;助记：Nopainsnogains.不劳无获。Srainbrainonthetrainisrestrained.在列车上过度用脑受到约束.Thegainedgraindrainedawaywiththerain,allthepainswereinvainagain.收获的谷物随雨水流失了,所有辛劳又白费。-ineexamine；mine；line；nine；fine；shine；wine；考试；检查/我的；矿/线；台词/九/好；美的/闪耀；闪烁/葡萄酒;助记：经检查；我的葡萄酒闪闪发光；发出九条美好的光线；-iceice;slice；mice；rice；dice冰/片/老鼠/大米/色子；丁；-ipewipe;ripe;擦、消灭；成熟；-itfit;bit;unit;适合；一点儿；单元；-ack;snack;back;pack;lack;小吃；后面；背包；缺乏；-ance;balance;distance;instance;entrance;平衡；距离；例子；入口；Unit14themen.主题；the.me第405页 助记：那个the关于我me的主题theme，他们them的主题theme；复习：thesis论文，论题；topic话题；holy,神圣的；助记hol(e)y,空孔中没有神圣holy神圣的；hole;洞；空;symbol象征；前缀sym-，在b；p；.m前写作sym-谐音：“辛贝尔”simble，simple助记Abu阿布辛波神庙；阿布.辛贝尔神庙是古埃及文明的象征复习：system系统；同义：sign,mark,represent；symbolizev.作为…的象征；sympathyn.同情心；symphony交响；乐/曲；syntax句法；拓展synthesizev.综合synthesisn.比较analysis,分析；basis基础；conflictn.斗争，战斗，冲突con-正面/方；with和……在一起；prosandcons正方反方concern与…有关，影响，涉及，关联相关词concludev.作结论；推论；conclusionn.结论；conditionn.条件，状况，环境；confidencen.信赖，信任，信心；conferencen.会议condensev.浓缩，凝结；condenser冷凝器，电容；conflict助记　fl(y)ict在正反面/方之中飞来fly冲突近义词：struggle,fighting,strugglequarrel.flict;flick短暂，突然的动作；arguev.争论；辩论拓展argumentn.助记：谐音：阿桂（阿Q）爱辩论同义：debate,discuss　辩论；讨论opinion；op.in.i.on；看法、观点助记opinion就在我I里in，在我I上on.；复习：idea,view,thought观点／看法／想法；inone’sopinion=accordingto根据…的观点，看法majoradj.重大，主要的；[助记]“媒届”是“主要”major的拓展：media媒体；复习：majority大多数；probableadj.客观上的可能性用；probablyadv.pro.baby助记减去“l”可能赞成pro婴儿baby；复习：maybe;possible;perhaps;probably;同义：probably是有几分根据的猜测，比possible可能性大。有充分根据的预测用likely;既指人又指物。belikelytoperhaps和possibly同义，也许如此，也许不如此。honour=honorh.on.ourn.&v.荣誉；恩惠；帮助；拓展:honest诚实;尊敬，尊重；honey蜂蜜;词中词;honorable可敬的；hone磨刀石;助记：h.on.our词中词on,our,hour　H在我们之上值得尊敬一小时hour；-our-or第405页 colour,favour,neighbour,pour,tour,flour,courage,journey颜色／恩惠/邻居/泼/旅途/面粉/勇气/旅行；an.cest.orn.祖先，祖宗an.ces.tressn.女祖先（宗）;复习：ancientadj.古代的；远古的;助记：一个an,c-（b）est最早的人or;-estforest,interest,chest,rest,test,west森林/兴趣/胸/休息/测试/西方principleprin.ci.plen.原理，原则prince君主，王子，太子princess公主；王妃;形近词print印刷；publish出版近义theory；rule；lawpurposepur向前；pose放;purp.osen.目标，目的;pose姿势;purp.le紫色purse钱夹;pure;purchase买卖;助记：模特摆好姿势pose展示紫色;purple的钱夹purse,目的purpose纯粹pure是为了买卖purchase玫瑰rose和钱夹purse.-oseroseloseclosesupposenosethosewhoseoppose玫瑰／丢失／关闭；结束／猜测／鼻子／那些／谁／反对;compose组成composition作文，构成；creativityn.创造性（力）；cre.ati.vi.ty相关词createv.创造；creativeadj.有创造性的；creaturev.生物，creationn.创造、创作；creatorn.创造者，创作者；复习：activity活动；act；比较：cream奶油;cream乳脂；faithn.信念，信仰，忠实,同义：belief比较发音相近：face;近义词：belief,trust,honest,faithful,loyal信仰／相信；信任／诚实／忠诚的；havefaith/beliefin=believein=trustcommercial　　adj.commerce商业；贸易E-commence电子商务；形近词：common普通，共同的；comment评论、意见；communicate交流，交际；command命令，指示；comma逗号；mercy怜悯；同情；仁慈近义词：sympathy；pity；joy；n.欢乐；喜悦；乐趣；-oytoy玩具boy男孩employ雇用；destroyvt.破坏；损坏；enjoy;欣赏；voyagen.航海；航行；soy酱油；助记：男孩雇佣酱油作玩具；破坏了欣赏航行；similar；adj.相似的；形近词：simile直喻；明喻（修辞手法）近义词：same，equal;similarity第405页 ；n.相似性；popularity;besimilarto与……相似beequalto—ar词尾/组块particular特别的;同义special；especialgrammar；n语法；ram.mar对称collar；n衣领；形近词polaradj极点的；generationn一代(人)词中词：general；adj一般的普通的；n.将军；genen.基因；遗传因子；energyn.能量、精力；活力；intelligence;n.智力;同义genius;n天才；天赋；天资gentleadj.温柔的；文雅的;gentleman绅士；salutenv致意；行礼；敬礼词中词：salt盐-utcutbutnutshuthut小屋put复习：futurecomputerbutter黄油;button按纽;duty职责；责任pollutev.pollution污染;butcher.;n屠夫　谐音不“切”她herkiss;vt.吻-iss组块miss;n.小姐；vt.想念；错过；遗漏；misskiss；dismissv.解雇；解散；使离开;fire;v.解雇；反义employ雇佣;cheek;n.面颊；脸蛋复习：seekv寻找、寻求；check/cheque支票；-eekGreek希腊；creek小溪；week星期　week　虚弱　seek寻找；nodv.点头；形近词god神；上帝;dog狗，rod秆；棒；复习：gesture手势；体态，语言同义bodylanguage;celebrationn.庆祝;联想congratulation;celebratev.祝贺;congratulatev.祝贺;-ele-elect选举；select挑选；elephant大象;electricityn电；eletric；adj电的;electronicadj.电子的;electrifyv通电，触电，充电;bratn小儿；乳臭未干的小子;复习：bat;rat;-ectselect;elect;project;reject;expect选择／挑选／选举／工程／拒绝／期待；respectvt.尊敬；尊重；相关词:admire钦佩；羡慕;envyv妒忌，嫉妒;honour尊敬;appreciate欣赏;regard；敬意；问候giftn礼物；天赋；换一字：liftv举起；n电梯；第405页 -iftdrift；漂浮；shift替换；复习：present礼物是提前pre-送的;相关词talent天赋；天才；才干；power力量，权利；ability能力；cyclen.周期；循环轮子，自行车；摩托车；v骑车;形近词circle圆；圈子；圆圈;bicycle自行车；recycle循环；回收利用；surround包围，环绕；-oolfooln.愚人；白痴vt.欺骗；愚弄形近cool凉；酷stool凳子pool水池tool工具wool羊毛invitationn.邀请；请贴复习invitev.邀请；request请求；要求复习require-itebite咬;excite;v.激动;recite;v.背诵;cite=quote引用，引言;Unit15dormitoryn宿舍;dor.mi.tory寄宿舍;简写：dorm=bedroom卧室;recognize;recognisevt.识别；认出toknowagain；recognitionn..认识;眼熟；注意;察觉;realize认识；意识;复习：recognizedadj.apologize道歉;被公认的;-izepopularize大众化；modernize现代化surely想必；确实；一定;certainly;ofcourse;besupposedto一定必须diamondn钻石;dia.m.ond形近dial拨电话、表盘；刻度盘diagram曲线图；图表dialogue对话-ondfondadj.喜欢;爱好;pond池塘；wonder;奇迹；wonderful;奇异的；复习：gold金子；黄金silver白银；jewel珠宝jewllery珠宝（总称）;巧记：Themanbeyondthepondisfondofthesecondwonderfuldiamond.池塘边的人喜欢第二颗奇异的钻石。dialect方言；土语；accent;口音；dial拨（电话）；diamondwedding钻石婚（六十年纪念）diameter;n直径；复习：：半径radius；meter;米；explain;vt..解释；说明；ex-向外plainadj.明白的；清楚的；朴素的；平淡的n平原；平地;复习：-ainrainbraintrainmainChaingrainpaincontainSpain西班牙againagainstremain继续bargainn买卖；交易助记大脑下雨;火车上训练;第405页 谷物前长g；主要痛苦;包括西班牙锁链；继续买卖;再一次反对；解释平原;balln.求；舞令-allcallfallhallsmalltallwall;shall；swallowallowvalleyvolleyball叫；打电话／落下／大厅／小／高／墙／允许／将／山谷／排球/燕子；吞；助记燕子打电话；挑战打排球；将在高墙下；落在大厅里；允许吞山谷；challenge挑战callon访问；另召jewelleryn珠宝；首饰（总称）；jewel珠宝；宝石;jew犹太人well；助记：犹太人的珠宝好well卖;francFrance法国French法语，法国的;continuev继续con.tin.ue-ueblue;true；clue;glue蓝色/真正的/线索/胶水duead.预期的；应得到的；dialogue对话；tongue舌头；语言language；lovelyadj.–ly形容词后缀friendly友好的；daily每日的；monthly每月的；weekly每周的；likely很可能的adv大概，或许preciousadj.宝贵的；valuable有价值的；appreciate欣赏；感激；ocean海洋；-ousdangerouscurious好奇的;poisonous有毒的;serious严重的；严肃的;adventurous冒险的；大胆的;-pospositive肯定的；积极的;复习：active积极的negative否定的;position;n.位置，姿势;职位；appositive;n同位语（语法术语）；opposite对立的；相反的；形近词;expose暴露的suppose猜测；假定；possess占有；拥有own；composition作文；attend;vt.出席；参加上学;at.tend词中词；tend倾向；易于；照顾；照看；end;tender柔软的；嫩的；脆弱的;复习:gentle温柔的;soft软的;mild;温和的；形近attitude；n.态度;第405页 attack;attract进攻；吸引;earnvt.挣钱；赚钱;形近加一字learn学习;助记：学好了才可以赚钱；巧记：Ihearedthatlearnedlearnersearnedmuchbylearning.我听说有学问的学者靠知识赚钱。-ear-year；bear;dear;hear;fear;tear;pear；wear年／熊；忍受；出生／亲爱的；贵的／听见／害怕／眼泪／梨／穿;巧记：Inearlyfeartotearthattearfulgirl’fearfulpaper;我几乎害怕撕碎那个泪流满面女孩的可怕试卷。lecturen演讲；演说；讲课;复习：speech-(t)urepicture图片temperature温度future将来;sillyadj.傻的；缺乏常识的助记：因生病ill而变傻了;复习：stupid愚蠢的fool;反义：clever;bright;wise聪明：明智mosquito;n.蚊子;形近quite;adv.很；非常;助记：莫斯科谐音mosco蚊子多flies苍蝇;batn.蝙蝠；球拍;-atpat拍；轻拍rat老鼠;cat猫；fat脂肪hat帽子;chat聊天；flat套房;sat(sit)的过去式;authorn作者；作家;近义词writer-or指人editor编辑；visitor游客professor教授conductor列车员；（音乐）指挥;；operator操作员；接线员;besides除外；此外;adv.&prep.beside在…什么旁边(be+side)复习：except:but;outlinen轮廓；要点；摘要;复习：headline头版online在线；上网summary总结；摘要;plotn.（小说）情节；结构相关词lot许多；pot锅；potential潜力；这个情节是：十多口锅；许多帐篷；很有潜力；quality；n.品质；质量；性质；相关词quantityn.数量；number;character性格；品格；近义词：nature本性;本质;词中词atcat;rat;chat;act;ear;art;car;care;cheat;hareare猫、老鼠、聊天、耳朵、艺术、小汽车、关心、欺骗、野兔、是；Unite16experimentn.实验；试验experi.encen.经验；经历；experiencedadj.有经验的；熟练的；expert第405页 n.专家；内行specialist；形近：expectv期望；希望；近义词：test；关词：lab；laboratory试验室；gloven手套词中词love助记手套glove是送给爱人的love-ovedrove(drive的过去式)move移动；运动removev移动；搬开；消除prove证明improve改进；改善wove(weave)的过去式编织、；纺织;stove;火炉；比较wave波浪；挥手；招呼；gasn气体；汽油＝gasoline；petrol;汽油；feul;燃料；steamn蒸气；水蒸气相关词liquidn液体solid；n固体；助记物质的三种状态Threestatesofmaterial（liquid-solid-gas）advantage;n.优点;有利条件;disadvantagen.不利之处;缺点;shortcoming;strongpoint;复习：advancen.&v.前进;进步adv+ant+age:adv.副词ant蚂蚁age-agepage页码;cage鸟笼;stage舞;台manage设法;管理;manager;经理；courage勇气;message信息;wage工资;garage车库passagen.走道；通道;villager;村民;；巧记：走道里有鸟笼、舞台、车库、书页；就看经理是否有管理这些乱糟糟的村民的信息的勇气和工资；applicationn.应用；实施；用途applyv.应用；申请;请求；supply;复习：appear出现;appearancenapplaud鼓掌；欢呼；applause;appreciatev欣赏；感激;enginen发动机；引擎;engine+er---engineern工程师;pioneer;先驱；先锋；-englength长度；strengthn力气；强度；实力；English；Englandpassengern.乘客；compass圆规；罗盘；指南针-inecombine结合；define下定义；解释headline头条新闻；outline大纲；轮廓；提纲；mine矿山；examine考试；检查；vitamine维他命；维生素；determine决定；shine发光；闪烁；ine葡萄酒第405页 ;巧记：结合头条新闻的提纲；给矿山和维生素下个定义；认定葡萄酒闪闪发光；nuclearadj.原子能；核子的nu+clear；词中词：clear清楚；清晰；巧记Iclearlyheardtheheartbeatofthenuclear;我清楚地听到原子的心跳。comfortv.安慰；舒适；com+for+t；fort炮台；要塞comfortableadj.f较：forth向外；向前；ffortnight两星期；十四日；un+necessary不必要的；successfulsuccess+full对称加重点注音法:necessarysu.ccess/e//i//ks//z/access接近；通道;excess超过;process过程；处理;assess估价；评价-essprogress进步express表达impress印象prossess过程dress衣裙address地址actress女演员；princess公主；press按；压；印刷；success成功；巧记：女演员按压衣裙；表达成功的进程和过程；给公主印象深刻；决定留下地址；conductv.实施；管理n行为操作相关词conductor指挥；列车员product产品introducevproduction生产introduction介绍;producev生产productive　产出的；有作为的;lightingn闪电联想:暴风stormthunderstorm雷雨；暴风雨;暴雨;light光；点亮燃;-ightbright明亮的；聪明的fight斗争战斗；night夜晚；sight情景；视力；right右边；flightn飞行；航班tightadj.紧的；牢固的；slight；轻微轻的；近义词stable;steady;firm；巧记：明亮灯光下战斗的夜景；航班在右边紧紧地轻轻地飞行；stringn线；绳索；弦词中词：ringv打电话；打铃；singv唱歌;single单个；仅仅；助记第405页 仅仅只唱sing了le一首歌近义词：rope绳：thread；细丝line；线条；绳索；线索；wire电线；cluen线索；plot情节；chargevt.充电；要价；控告；n主管；看管；近义词accuse控告；incharge(of)负责；inthechargeof由……负责；incharge;takecharge负责；bechargedwith充满的；befullof；befilledwith；复习：largeadj.大的；巨大的；huge;tiny；electricadj.电的；导电的；电动的;相关词：electv选举;electricityn电electronicadj.电子的;电子学的;复习：wire电线；shockn电击；打击；震动;shockedadj.受打击的；惊喜的-ocksock短袜；cock公鸡;knock敲;lock锁;rock岩石;block大块；封锁街区阻塞;串记：穿短袜的公鸡被大块岩石锁住pocket口袋;衣袋;provev证明;联想proofn证据；证明;roof房顶;-ovegloven手套;move移动;remove拿走；移开;improve改善；改进;tear(tore,torn)v撕扯；撕裂;n眼泪-earwear穿;bear熊；受;dear;hear;swear;串记：Shesweardtoherdearthatshecan"tbearwearingtears.framen结构；框架；fame；n名誉；联想famousadj.著名的_amename；same；game；shame耻辱；羞耻；blamev责备；ham火腿；handkerchiefn.手帕词中词：hand；chief；主要的；复数：handkerchiefs；复习：chief酋长roof屋顶poof证据gulf海湾scarf围巾；controlv.控制；trollv.轮唱形近词：trolleybusn.无轨电车limit限制：相关command控制；指挥;conduct;handlesharpadj.锐利的；灵敏的助记：“夏普”（谐音）电器；灵敏高度近义bright；clever；intelligent第405页 Smart；foot英尺feet相关脚foot长一英尺foot英寸inch英里miles1metre=39.37inches=1.094yard码1kilomre=0.62137miles；fast.enbelt扎牢；固定；拴紧词中词;fast;近义：tightadj.紧的；牢固的tightenv.拴紧；捆牢;tiev.捆；绑；拴;反义：loosen放松；松开;unfasten放松；解开;uncover;揭开同义：discover;unfold;sensen（对称sese）n感官；感觉‘n’鼻子边五官感官对称;n(象形);testn&v测验；测试;复习：exam；examine;experiment实验;check检查contest竞赛;test;shampoo；香波（谐音）洗发精形近词：shame；羞耻耻怒；ham火腿；助记：火腿可耻;skinn.皮肤果皮;peel剥皮;kin亲戚家簇;=relative；sin罪;罪过;过失;false；error错误activistn.激进分子;行动主义分子;形近词：activeadj.积极的;actn.活动;行动;充当;doubtn.怀疑;疑惑相关wonderb不发音；复习questionproblem;climb;thumb;大拇指;dumb聋的;crueladj.残忍的；残酷的;联想cruellyadv；crueltyn残忍；冷酷;反义：kind;viewn观点；风景;复习：opinion观点；看法;风景：sight;scene场景;scenery风景;attituden态度;形近词：interviewv采访;reviewv复习：previewv预习;conclusionn结论复习：concludev推理；推断;复习：result;结果effect;影响；结果;beginning;开始；开端;同义：start;outset；Unit17inspirev鼓舞；鼓励；感动；激发；≈encourage；形近admirev钦佩赞赏；复习：respect尊敬；envy妒忌；羡慕；同义jealous；-irefire；tire使疲倦；累；厌倦retire退休；wiren.线；复习：hire雇佣=employrequire需要；需求；entire完全的；第405页 desire愿望；欲望；generousadj.慷慨；大方的；反义：mean吝啬的；卑鄙的；助记：gene基因；ene对称；general一般的；普通的；将军；Thegenerousgeneral"sgenuinegeniusisinmakinggenerators.那位慷慨将军的真正天才在于制造发电机.-ous形后缀dangerous危险的；poisonous有毒；serious严肃的；严重的；nutritious有营养的；curious好奇的precious宝贵的；珍贵的；adventurous冒险的；cheerfuladj.愉快的；高兴的；复习cheern&v.快乐；欢呼；-eerengineer工程师；pioneern.先驱；先锋；beer啤酒deer鹿；championn.冠军；得胜者形近比较：champagne；香槟酒；shampoo香洗；洗发精；词中词:hamn火腿；championship冠军头衔；pioneern先锋；mile英里;复习英尺；foot(feet)英寸；inch；形近smile微笑；字迷世界上最长的英语单词：smiles迷底：两个s之间有一英里；stormystorm+y;adj.暴风鱼的；狂风暴的;stormn.风暴；暴雨;复习：thunder;n.雷（鸣）；雷声;;v.打雷;.thunderstorm;n雷声；lighting;n 闪电；n+yadj.复习rainy多雨的;cloudy多久的;sunnyadj.阳光的；阳光灿烂;funnyadj.滑稽;可笑的;injuryadj.受伤的；伤害的;threaten;vt.恐吓；威胁;词中词eat;eaten;three;ate;tea;neat;ten;hen;hat;rat;heat;that;theatre;thread线;bottom;n底部；尽头;;otto对称;反义：top；botany;n.植物学;生态学;词中词any;optimisticadj.乐观的;词中词mistn.雾;fog;mistyadj.雾的;mistilyadv.模糊地;pessimisticadj.悲观的；悲观主义的;反义optimistic乐观的;workday工作日；工作时间;复习：weekday(一周)工作日;somehowadv从某种方式;形近anyhowadv.无论如何；不管怎样以往何方法;sheltern.掩敝处；避难所;词中词：she助记;她躲在掩蔽处;shell贝壳;shellfish贝壳类；甲壳水生动物;绕口令:shesellsseashellontheseashore.她在海岸边卖海贝;regret遗憾；痛恨；后悔nvt.g鸡前后是re谐音阿姨;g前后的re对称;extremeadj.第405页 极端；极度;复习extremelyadv.形近theme主题；话题;ex-向外助记tree树向外边极端地长;词中词：tree；me;climaten.气候;cli-mate;mate同伴；伙伴；朋友;形近classmate同学workmate工友；同事;material材料；原料;climb爬;形近clinic;n.诊所门诊室所;value;n.价值;;v重视；评价;valuableadj.precious;adj.宝贵的；珍贵的;pianistn钢琴家;iani对称;piano钢琴;提琴;bohervt.打扰；烦恼;加一字–r-形近brother兄弟;同义：disturb；打扰；trouble；interrupt;;助记弟兄多了就会打扰;fame;n名誉；名声;形近adj.famous;well-known;-amegameflame火焰;blame责备;sameshamen耻辱frame相框;同样的比赛中感到耻辱；火焰责备相框；promise;n&v前途；承诺；答应；复习promisingadj.seemingtosucceed；havegoodresult；misery;n悲惨；miserableadj.可怜的；悲惨的；pro；支持；赞成；正方（辩论）upporting；反义：反方：cons；复习：probably可能problem问题；produce生产；profession职业；program节目；程序；project计划；项目；设计reject拒绝；pronounce发音；pronunciation；-isesurprise;vt.惊奇；吃惊；risevi.上升；advise;;vt.劝告；建议;wiseadj.明智的；有智慧的;otherwiseadv在其它方面；否则;exercise练习；锻炼;revise校订；修改；复习;previse=predicate预言；预测;kindergartenadj.n幼儿园；启蒙的;词中词gardenn.花园助记：在比较好的善良的花园（garden）里的幼儿园;hardshipn困难；艰难；贫困;difficulty;pain;suffering;-ship抽象各词后缀;friendship友谊;scholarship奖学金;relationship;n关系;bear(boreborne);v忍受；承受同形同音异义词⇒bear熊;出生；生产(boreborn).令人厌烦的,boring;graduationn毕业;复习graduatev毕业;=finishschooling;;-atestate状态;国家;rate比率;hatev.讨厌；恨;gate大门;climate气候；天气;mate同伴；伙伴;congratulate祝贺;形近celebrate庆祝graduatev分等级；定级；n毕业生（大学）graden年级;等级;highschool第405页 graduate；graduallyadv.逐渐地"Unit18fishermann渔民；渔夫;gofishing钓鱼；捕鱼;-ishwishEnglishfoolish愚蠢的selfish自私的;助记愚蠢自私的渔夫希望把英语学好。northeastern东北的;-ernnorthern;southern;western;eastern;northeastern;northwestern;outheaster;southwester;great–grandfather外曾祖父great–grandmother外曾祖母;centraladj.中心的；中央的;形近centern中心;cent分;percent百分之一；百分率;-entrecent最近的;comment评论;accent口音;current流行的;当前的;accident事故;ncident事件;absent缺习的present现在的；目前的呈现；引见prevent阻止；预防content内容；甘愿;coastn海岸的；减一字coat大衣；外衣形近boast夸口；夸耀;toast敬酒；祝酒；烤面包;复习cheersur.round包围；围绕形近round圆（形）的；同义circle围绕；盘旋;cycle循环-oundfound创立；缔造;sound声音；听起来;pound磅;wound伤口；外伤;ground地面;串记：创立found了一磅的pound伤口;听起来sound围绕着surround地面;Thewoundedfounderboughtapoundofcompound.受伤的奠基人买了一磅化合物sur-surface表面;surprise惊奇;surname姓氏;survive幸存；存活；残存;surrender放弃；投降;surpass超越；超过;mild;adj.温和的；不严厉的;gentle;soft;wild野（生）的;狂野的;bay;n海湾;gulf海湾;归harbour海港类coast海岸记beach海滩；岸边;忆shore海岸；海滨;oversea海外；华侨;第405页 -our-orneighbour临居;hour;colour颜色;flour面粉humour幽默;favour恩惠rumour谣言;vapour蒸汽labour劳动（力）;four;tour旅游;sour酸的；变酸pour倾倒；泼;rat老鼠；耗子mouse(复mice)田鼠rat老鼠;-atfatcathat帽子（有边）bat蝙蝠;pat轻拍flat平坦的单调的绕口令cat;;cat;patthatfatratandthefatbatwithahat;猫猫；快拍那只胖老鼠和那只戴帽子的蝙蝠。volcanon火山;词中词：can;助记两座圆形的〇〇火山会爆发;相关词火山口：crater；ctreate创造;activevolcano活火山;extinctvolcano死火山;springn泉春天形近singring助记春天的泉水会唱歌heat热；加热；n.v.令发热;eat吃;hatn.帽子;surface表面；外面复习：surround形近face脸；面对；surprisesettlevt.使定居；解决；平静；安家;settler定居；安家;形近set:放置;n装置;cattlen牛，牧畜;复数不加s;mainly主要地；大体上形近mainadj主要的;voyagen航行；航海;同义(travel;journey;trip;tour)-agemessage信息;courage勇气;cage笼子;牢房;wage工资;第405页 engage从事；忙于;manage管理;front-page头版的；重要版面;passage通道;走栏cabbage白菜;baggage;luggage;行李;garage车库;average;平均;damage毁坏;image图像;possession拥有；占有;形近possessv占有；拥有;boldadj.黑体的;粗体印刷的;突出的；大胆;-oldtold;sold;cold;hold;gold告诉/卖/冷/握/金paragraph;n段落;相关词passage段落;chapter章节;telegraphtelegram电报;surprising令人吃惊的；使人吃惊;的;surprised(sb.)吃惊；惊讶;shocked震惊的;复习:shock震惊amaze惊讶satisfy;disappoint;scare;frighten;horror;terror;panic;alarm等;secretaryn秘书；书记；文书;形近secretadj.秘密;-ary（形后缀）library图书馆;secondary第二的次要的;dictionary字典;percent百分比；百分数;形近相关词：century世纪；百年;centigrade摄氏度;centimeter厘米;center中心中央;central中心的;focus以…为中心;grassland草原；草地;mountain+ous-----mountainousadj.多山的；如山的；巨大的;mount山；山脉;MountEmei峨眉山--taincertain确定；确实;形近curtain窗帘weddingn婚礼；婚宴;助记：我们w两个dd办婚礼;marriage婚姻;conferencen会议；讨论会;形近confidence信心；自信;confidentadj.自信的;relation关系；亲属;形近relative有关系的；亲戚;relationship关系;agriculturaladj.农业的；农艺的;形近culture文化;cultural文化的农业agri-是文化艺术;相关词：industry工业;　farming;耕作；农业;cattlen牛；畜牧;形近cat猫;复习：settle安家；定居;battle战争；战役;bottle瓶子exportn输出；出口;第405页 ex-向外;port港口;从港口码头运出商品；出口商品;import进出;lamb小羊；羊羔;小羊b不叫（不发音）;复习climbtomb;cottagen村舍；小别墅小屋农舍;词中词cot帆布床；婴儿床;cote棚；栏;tag捉人游戏（hide-and-seek）捉迷藏;seaside海滨边;形近seashorebeachcoast;campv.宿营;换字：lamp灯damp潮湿的;Unit19protectionn.保护;近义词conservev.保护;protect;defence保卫;guard防卫；保卫;复习effect影响;elect选举;select精选;techniquen技术；方法;技巧skill方法method;technology技术；相关technicaladj.irrigationn灌溉；冲洗相关irrigate;irri-I和R对称形成大坝，助记从门gate里放水灌溉;pumpn.泵；抽水机;v.抽吸;pp对称;seed种子；萌芽-eedweed杂草need需要助记种子seed间的杂草weed需要need;清除weed;importim+port进口；引入;export出口;相关词：trade贸易;business商业;production产品；产量;形近producevt.生产;productn产品;introduction介绍；引进;depend=rely-reliable形近independencen.independentadj独立的;methodn方法；办法waymeans词中词：me;met;助记方式是我遇到的方法：me.metroot根；根部;换一字：roof房顶;foot脚;枝：branch叶leafleaves基:basebasis茎:树干stem;insectn昆虫pest害虫（拍死它）protectselectproject;direct;collect保护/选择/工程/指导；直接/收集;tobacco助记/谐音：烟瘾太大；一次要“吞八口”烟叶;cigarette纸烟；香烟cigar雪茄（谐音）;goldenadj.金色的；黄金的;gold+en第405页 wood+enwooden木制的;联想woolwoolen毛织的;bold大胆的；黑体的tien.领带；领巾；鞋带v.系；捆；拴;加一字：tire戴“领带”(tie)很累tired;discoveryn.发现≈findings;dis+cover覆盖+y（后缀）;discoverv.发现;gardenn.花园;v.从事园艺;形近字：guard;kindergarten幼儿园;gardeningn.园艺。园林;gardenern.园丁;wisdomn.智慧;词中词wiseadj.聪明的；明智的;-dom抽象名词后缀;freedom自由;kingdom;王国;形近字：bottom底部;blossom形近字：bloom开花;practicaladj.实际的；实践的;实用的;形近字：practicen.实践；练习;practicev.-alSuitablenationalnaturalarrivalchemicalphysical合适/国家的/自然的/到达/化学的/物理的;guiden.向导；谐音：见鬼的“向导”;direct指导；指引；导演;conduct行为；举止；品行；处理；引导；知道;firstlyadv.第一；首先相关词：atfirst;above;allfirstofall;;secondlythirdly…;…sow播种相关词：seed种子;row划船n排；行sawn锯子（see的过去式）;conditionn条件；状况；情形situation情形；情况;;soiln土壤；土地;s+oil助记土壤肥的流油oil;weed杂草v除草；铲除;seed种子need;feed;re+move移动；移除；搬开;movien电演;我I在里边演电演;sun+flowern向日葵;sunflowerseeds;sunrise日出;sunset日落形近字：sunbathe日光浴sunburn晒黑晒伤sunglass太阳镜;Unit20humour=humor幽默；谐音;humourousadj.滑稽的；幽默的;rumourn.谣言funfunny;-our=–orhonour;colourfavour恩惠；帮助;neighour邻居labourn.劳动;第405页 +ousadj.serious严重的；严肃的;dangerous;curious好奇的；mysterious神秘的;generous慷慨的；大方的poisonous;bitteradj.苦的；痛苦;词中词：bit一点点;sweet甜的;sour酸的;switch开关；转换词中词witchn女巫;chalk粉笔;词中词talkv谈话；couplen（一）对；双；夫妇;ministern牧师;mini-小的；微型的迷你的;minibus;circusn马戏团；杂技团;circle圆圈；环绕;clown小丑;intendvt.想要；打算；意指形近字：tend照料；照顾;tenderadj.柔软的；温柔的;gentle温柔的;stagen舞台；阶段；时期;相关词：line台词；对白;-agemanage;nationality国籍；国家；部落;nationn国家；民族;national国家的inter.nation.al国际的inte-viewcertainadj.确定的；的；某（种）;形近字certainly确定的；肯定地；当然;surely;amusevt.使发笑；使愉快;形近字amazev惊奇；吃惊;please使高兴；使愉快;amused；pleased;delightv使高兴delightedadj.高兴的;laughtern笑声;laugh+atv笑，发笑;-oughBought;brought;thought;caught;coughn咳嗽；咳嗽声;ploughv犁地；耕地enoughadj.足够的;accentn口音；空调；重音;形近字cent分;percent白分之……Unit20access进入；通向；接近;形近字accept接受receive收到;accidentn事故；意外incident小事;accordingto根据；按照;actuallyadj.事实上；实际上;a形近字ctualadj.actn行动；行为;形近字actionadj.积极的；活动的;activityn活动；所做的事;typicaladj.典型的；象征性的;type类型；种类;physicalchemical;symboln.象征;traditionn.传统;形近字traditionaladj.传统的;traden.贸易；商业business,commercial;rapidadj.迅速的；快的fastquick形近字rap说唱（艺术）;第405页 appreciatevt.赏识；鉴赏感激；欣赏形近字applaud拍手；喝彩；鼓掌applausen.cheerup高兴起来；振作;existvi存在；生存;survivev存活；辛存;形近字revive复活;phrasen词组；短语;形近字chase追赶；case箱子；案例;base基础idiom惯用法；习语;sufferv经历；遭遇;形近字refervi涉及；指；提及;prefer宁愿喜欢experience经历;operatevi运转；操作;形近字opera京剧;directionn方向；方位；指示；说明;directv指导;导演；指示;-akebrakenv刹车;bake烤烘;caken蛋糕；饼;lake湖quake颤动；震动;earthquake地震;mistake错误;wake醒来;make;cyclistn骑手；骑车人;复习list名单cycle循环；周期；两轮车;形近字bicycle单车；自行车;recyclev.循环；回收在利用;fortunatelyadv.幸运地;fortunateadj.=lucky;luckn.运气;mis-fortunate=unlucky;fortunen.=luck运气；幸运;silencen.寂静；沉默；安静;形近字silentadj.安静的；沉默的;quietstill安静的；不动的;rudeadj.粗鲁无礼；残暴的;polite礼貌的;impolite无礼的;badmanners;confusevt.迷惑；打乱；混淆的;形近字refuse拒绝reject拒绝;puzzle使迷惑不解;confused困惑的;Unit21unfair不公平的；不公正的;air公平的；实的just正义的justice正义;fairlyadv很；非常≈rather;customern顾客；主顾;形近字customn习惯；海关+s;avoidv避免；contactv接触；联系connect联系;suitcasen手提箱suitable合适的;suit适合；套服;casen箱子;aheadadvadj.在前；向前;head头；向前aheadof更前；更早;manage管理；经营；做成某事;man+age形近字manager经理；管理者;fold折叠；合拢形近字gold;bold;varyvt.改变；使多样化；change;shift;variousadj.各种各样的;=allkindsof比较：very很；非常;variety多样性=diversity;crazyadj.疯狂的；狂热的;形近字lazy懒惰;mad;发疯的;partv.分离；分开；n部分;形近字depart离开;分别;apartment公寓；套房flat;apart分开;department部门；系百货商店;firmadj.牢固的；稳定有力的tight;steady;stablestrong;第405页 handshake握手;shakehandswith…握手;bown.vi鞠躬；弯腰;n.弓箭;arrown.箭;sparrow麻雀;fistn.拳头boxing拳击"palm手掌arm手臂;hipn.臂部;bend(bent)弯曲；屈服；起于;形近字bentadj.弯曲的;end末尾，末端，助记：字母b末端弯曲;tap轻拍；轻敲;形近字pat拍;rap说唱；艺术;gently轻松地；逐渐的;形近字adj.gentle;gentleman绅士;形近字anger;n.愤怒;angryadj.愤怒的；生气的;danger危险;dangerous危险的;useless无用的；无效的;反义useful有用的；有效的;occurv.发生；出现;形近字occurrencenhappen;breakoutfocus中兴；焦点middle中心;concentration中心；焦点;specificadj.具体的；特有的;形近字special特别的；专门的;abstract抽象的；n摘要summary总结；小结concret具体的;Unit22amusementn.消遣；娱乐;entertainment;形近字amusev.使高兴；使愉快;amazev.使惊讶;souvenirn.纪念品;Soviet苏联苏维埃;attractionn.吸引力;形近字attractv.吸引;attractiveadj.有吸引力的;collectionn.收集集体;形近字collectv.gatherv.castlen..掷;broadcast广播;minorityn.少数；少数民族;形近字majority多数;cartoonn谐音卡通；漫画；动画;car小汽车;carrot萝卜;cart马车;Humour;幽默;rumour谣言;sofa沙发salad色拉shampoocouch长椅子；沙发thrilln兴奋；激动;;形近字till直到ill病;hill小山;助记（兴奋得直到）山上病了;entertainmentn娱乐；招待;形近字entertainv娱乐；招待;enter进入;certain肯定的；确定的；某种;curtain窗帘;educatev.教育；引导;形近字educationn.教育;educator教育者（家）;形近字productn.产品conductv.操作；实施；执行管理指挥handle控制；把柄；direct,operate,manage;conductorn.售票员列车员;conservationn.保护；管理；保存;conservevt.=protect;servevt.服务protect保护;coastal海岸的；沿海的;coastn海岸;harbor海港;beach海滨shore海岸;dividev分;划分;隔开dive潜水;助记（对称地把e分开）第405页 connect；contact；联接；联系touchsectionn部分压抑;part；region地区/区域;area;zone地区；区域;department部分分支shuttlen航天飞机；穿梭机；spaceship（航天飞机）shut关闭;butterflyn蝴蝶;形近字butter黄油flies苍蝇;injuryn.伤害；受伤injurev.hurt；damage；wound;harmrocketn火箭;形近字rock岩石；摇滚;jacket夹克;helicoptern直升飞机carvev雕刻ncarving;;figure雕塑，塑像;achievementn.成绩；成就;形近字achieve;v.取得ache疼痛;eve除夕;助记取得成绩不是一朝一夕eve之事；需要痛苦/疼痛；civilizationn.文明；开化;形近字civiladj.内部的；公民的divide分开Civilize;使开化；教化civilization文明；开化;preventv.妨碍；阻止；保护;twistn.v.弯曲；扭曲;形近字twister绕口令;imaginev.想象（力）;imaginationn.;endless无穷的；无止境的limitlessdarknessn.黑暗；漆黑darkadj.;dawn黎明；开端;一册下phrasesandidiom短语和习语归纳makeachoice做出选择keepupwith跟上赶上keeppacewith与……同步plentyofanumberof大量rollup变成卷形；卷起dressup打扮；装饰；盛装inone’sopinion按……看法；依……的观点;havefaithin=believeinplayatrickon开……玩笑；欺骗某人toone’sjoydelight使某人高兴takein摄取；欺骗callon访问；号召；邀请bringback拿回；使恢复dayandnight日日夜夜第405页 payoff还清；付清earnmakemoney挣、赚钱actout表演；付出行动agreatdealof(修饰不可数)大量；许多teston在……上做实验tryonaroundthecorner即使来临；在拐角处diedown(声音)变弱；平息；消失cometotermswith甘心忍受takepossessionof占有；占领makeup组成；构成；占……turnto开始干；求助于；转向gosailing驾船航行；帆船运动gocamping宿营dependon依赖；依靠andsoon=etc等等makefunof取笑；嘲笑makeuseof利用datebacktofrom回溯；追溯到beongoodtermswith与……关系好lookon…as把……看作当作regard…as,consider…as….thinkof…as…aheadof在……前；更早inadvancegetthrough通过；度过；到达teardown拆除；推倒pulldownholdup举起；拿出makeaface做鬼脸inorder整齐；按顺序=tidydivide…into…把……分成部分focus…on以……为中心prevent…from…使…...不……,保护……不受危险威胁危害keep….fromstop…fromprotect…frommanageto…努力做成trytodo艺考生的救命稻草！第405页 突破130分，快速提高30分的锦囊妙计！6步搞定任何高考英语阅读真题，一般人不告诉他（她）！2013吴军高考英语阅读理解3天提分秘术众说周知，得阅读、完形者得天下！文章看没看懂不重要，关键是要选对！高考英语阅读的核心暗示点：词和短语！题目（或题干）有暗示，秘笈为你精准导航！选项与出题点之间存在逻辑关系，3天帮您梳理！速度比完美更重要，思路比题海要有效！2013高考英语阅读3天提分秘术，既不是神人的牛B押题，也不是最牛高考班的密卷！而是沈阳高分英语家教吴军老师从2000-2012年2700多篇高考英语阅读真题答案内幕规律衍生出的迅捷提分秘诀！2013高考英语阅读3天提分秘术是纸质的解析讲解类自学教案，而不是如同上大课般的名师讲座光盘（如高分突破，提分宝典，四步兵法，高频考点等），你可以站着，躺着，甚至在卫生间里也可以阅读自学！立竿见影！以一顶百！9年来我们在自我独门秘笈的基础上，20%参阅了132种全国知名高考英语教案或资料（如：新东方，张清波，北京四中李俊和，管卫东，提分宝典，高频考点等）。但发现很多名师教案与高考提分关联度小，因为相当一部分名师只是把自己在考研和雅思领域的研究成果生搬硬套到高考英语教学中（讲述的高频词汇严重超纲，甚至是大学6级的），而不是深入到2700篇历届阅读真题中潜心研究，效果可想而知。还有些重点高中一线老师，将自己上课用的教案制作成光盘用以贩卖，其实质不过是高频考点和词汇的串讲，有的甚至用35%的篇章讲述如何记忆单词，而广告却说是提分秘笈，真是让人遗憾！第405页 好消息！吴军老师2012高考英语3天提分秘诀仅释放了其30%的功力，就达到了90%以上的客户满意度，为了配合文科其他科目的上市，2013年吴军高考英语将释放其70%的功力，2013年高考英语提分速度和幅度将再升一倍，看完下列示例后，还不赶紧抢购呀！目录：一、2013阅读吴军猜题秘术:备选项高频答案特征二、2013阅读吴军暗示点秒杀:备选项高频答案词三、擒贼先擒王:主旨题、写作目的题吴军答题密码四、阅读出题点与细节题吴军答题法则五、阅读文章结构、题材与推论题吴军突破秘诀六、阅读词汇、文章及作者态度题吴军破解规律2013阅读吴军猜题秘术:备选项高频答案特征（10条秘诀）秘诀一：被动结构是备选项高频答案特征！【2010辽宁卷B篇】Ihateddinnerparties.ButIdecidedtogivethemanothershotbecauseI"minLondon.AndmyfriendMalleryinvitedme.AndbecausedinnerpartiesinLondonareverydifferentfromthosebackinNewYork.There,"“I’mhavingadinnerparty"means:"I"mbookingatablefor12atarestaurantyoucan"taffordandwe"llbesharingthechecqueevenly,nomatterwhatyoueat."Worse,inManhattanthereisalwayssomeonewholeavesbeforethebillarrives.They"llthrowdowncash,halfofwhattheyowe,andthenpeoplelikeme,whodon’tdrink,enduppayingevenmore.ButifItrytousethesametrick,thehostesswillshout:"Whereareyougoing?"Andit"snotlikeIcansayIhavesomewheretogo:everyoneknowIhavenowheretogo.ButinLondon,dinnerpartiesareinpeople"shomes.(转折对比,说明前面NewYorkers评价是Self-centred.)Notonlythat,theguestsareaninterestingmix.ThelasttimeIwenttoone,theguestswerefromFrance,India.DenmarkandNigeria;itwaslikeagatheringattheUnitedNationsinNewYork.Themixislessstriking.It"slikeagatheringatBloomingdale"s,awell-knowndepartmentstore.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------第405页 61.WhatdoesthewriterdislikemostaboutdinnerpartiesinNewYork?AThereisastrangemixofpeople.B.Therestaurantsareexpensive.C.Thebillisnotfairlyshared.D.Peoplehavetopaycash63.Whatistheauthor"sopinionofsomeNewYorkersfromherexperience？A.Easy-going.B.Self-centred.C.Generous.D.Conservative.【2012四川卷E篇】Sofar,effortstocutemissions（排放）ofplanet-warminggreenhousegasesarenotseenasenoughtopreventtheEarthheatingupbeyond2℃thiscentury—apointscientistssaywillbringthedangerofachangeableclimateinwhichweatherextremesarecommon,leadingtodrought,floods,cropfailuresandrisingsealevels.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------60.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphsabouttheworld’stemperature?A.Ithasrisennearly0.2℃since1979.B.Itschangewillleadtoweatherextremes.C.Itis0.8℃higherin1979thanthatof1990.D.Itneedstobecontrolledwithin2℃inthiscentury.【2012四川卷A篇】Theseasonschangejustoutsidethedoor.Wewatchthemaplesturneveryshadeofyellowandredinthefallandnotethepoplars’（杨树）puttingoutthefirstgreenleavesofspring.Therainbowsmeltfillsthelocalsteamastheicegraduallydisappears,andthewoodfrogsstarttosinginpoolsafterbeingfrozenforthewinter.Afamilyofbirdsrulesourskiesandfliesoverthelake.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------43.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmean?A.Thechangeofseasonsiseasilyfelt.B.Theseasonsmakethesceneschange.C.Theweatheroftenchangesintheforest.D.Thedoorisagoodpositiontoenjoychangingseasons.【2012陕西卷C篇】Theauthorsofbothstudiesstressthattheserisksarerelativelysmallforhealthypeopleandcertainlymodestcomparedwithotherriskfactorssuchassmokingandhighbloodpressure.However,itisimportanttobeawareofthesedangersbecauseeveryoneisexposedtoairpollutionregardlessoflifestylechoices.SostricterregulationbytheEPAofpollutantsmaynotonlyimproveenvironmentalairqualitybutcouldalsobecomenecessarytoprotectpublichealth.第405页 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------55.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Eatingfattyfoodhasimmediateeffectsonyourheart.B.TheEPAconductedmanystudiesonairquality.C.Moderateairqualityismoreharmfulthansmoking,D.Stricterregulationsonpollutantsshouldbemade.【2012江西卷D篇】Forthosewhomakejourneysacrosstheworld,thespeedoftraveltodayhasturnedthecountriesintoaseriesofvillages．Distancesbetweenthemappearnogreatertoamoderntravelerthanthosewhichoncefacedmenastheywalkedfromvillagetovillage.Jetplaneflypeoplefromoneendoftheearthtotheother,allowingthemafreedomofmovementundreamtofahundredyearsago.　　Yetsomepeoplewonderiftherevolutionintravelhasgonetoofar.Apricehasbeenpaid,theysay,fortheconquest(征服)oftimeanddistance.Travelissomethingtobeenjoyed,notendured(忍受).Theboatoffersleisureandtimeenoughtoappreciatetheever-changingsightsandsoundsofajourney.Ajourneybytrainalsohasaspecialcharmaboutit.Lakesandforestsandwild,openplainssweepingpastyourcarriagewindowcreateagrandviewinwhichtimeanddistancemeannothing.Onboardaplane,however,thereisjusttheblankblueoftheskyfillingthenarrowwindowoftheairplane.Thesoftlighting,in-flightfilmsandgentlemusicmakeuptheonlyworldyouknow,andthehoursprogressslowly.　　Thenthereisthetimespentbeing“processed”atamodernairport.Peopleareconveyedlikerobotsalongwalkways;baggageisweighed,ticketsproduced,examinedandproducedyetagainbeforethepassengermoveagaintoanotherwaitingarea.Journeysbyrailandseatakelonger,yes,butthehoursdevotedtobeing“processed”atdepartureandarrivalinairportsareluckilyabsent.Nowonder,then,thatthemodernhigh-speedtrainsarewinningbackpassengersfromtheairlines.Man,however,isnowaworldtravelerandcannotturnhisbackontheairplane.Theworkinglivesoftoomanypeopledependuponit;wholenewindustrieshavebeenbuiltarounditsdesignandoperation.Theholidaymaker,too,withlimitedtimetospend,patientlyenduresthebusyairportsandlimitedspaceoftheflighttogainthoseextrahoursandevendays,relaxinginthesun.speedcontrolspeople’slives;timesaved,inworkorplay,istheimportantthing—orsowearetold.Perhapsthosefirsthorsemen,ridingfreeacrossthewild,openplains,wereenjoyingabetterworldthantheoneweknowtoday.Theycouldtravelatwill,andtheclockwasnottheirmaster.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------73.AccordingtoParagraph3,passengersareturningbacktomodernhigh-speedtrainsbecause_____．第405页 A.theypaylessfortheticketsB.theyfeelsaferduringthetravelC.theycanenjoyhigherspeedoftravelD.theydon’thavetowastetimebeing“processed”75.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Airtravelbenefitspeopleandindustries．B.TrainTravelhassomeadvantagesoverairtravel．C.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmoderntravel.D.Thehighspeedofairtravelisgainedatacost.2013阅读吴军暗示点秒杀:备选项高频答案词（17项不到90个单词）秘诀9：leadto(resultin,bringabout,cause)是选项中答案高频暗示词!【2012浙江卷C篇】Firstofall,studentsneedtorealizethatconflictisunavoidable.Areportonviolenceamongmiddleschoolandhighschoolstudentsindicatesthatmostviolentincidentsbetweenstudentsbeginwitharelativelyminorinsult(侮辱).Forexample,afightcouldstartoverthefactthatonestudenteatsapeanutbuttersandwicheachlunchtime.Laughteroverthesandwichcanleadtoinsults,whichinturncanleadtoviolence.Theproblemisn"tinthesandwich,butinthewaystudentsdealwiththeconflict.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------51.FromParagraph2wecanlearnthat________.A.violenceismorelikelytooccuratlunchtime具体!B.asmallconflictcanleadtoviolenceC.studentstendtolosetheirtempereasilyD.theeatinghabitofastudentisoftenthecauseofafight具体!【2011湖北卷D篇】ourowngenerationhasaccesstomorenutritiousfood.moreconvenienttransport.biggerhouses,betterears.andofcourse,morepoundsanddollarsthananywholivedbeforeus.Thiswillcontinueaslongaswetherethingstomakeotherthings,Thismorewespecializeandexchange,thebetteroffwe’llbe.2)BrilliantadvancesOnereasonwearericher,healthier,taller,cleverer,longer-livedandfreerthanenerbeforeisthatthefourmostbasiehumanneeds-food,clothing,fuelandshelter-havegrownalotcheaper.Takeoneexample.In1800第405页 acandleprovidingonehour’slightcostsixhours’work.Inthe1880sthesamelightfromanoillamptook15minutes’worktopayfor.In1950itwaseightseconds.Todayit’shalfsecond.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------65.Thecandleandlampexampleisusedtoshowthat.A.oillampsgiveoffmorelightthancandlesB.shorteningworkingtimebringsaboutahappierlife.C.advancedtechnologyhelpstoproducebettercandles.D.increasedproductionrateleadstolowercostofgoods.秘诀10：Control(handle,dealwith)是选项中答案高频暗示词!【2012天津卷D篇】Thosewhochoosetobecreatorslookatlifequitedifferently.Theyknowthereareindividualswhomightliketocontroltheirlives,buttheydon’tletthisgetintheway.Theyknowtheyhavetheirweaknesses,yettheydon’tblamethemselveswhentheyfail.Whateverhappens,theyhavechoiceinthematter.Theybelievetheirdancewitheachsacred(神圣的)momentoflifeisagiftandthatstormsareanaturalpartoflifewhichcanbringtherainneededforemotionalandspiritualgrowth.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------52.AccordingtoParagraph2,creators__________.A.seemwillingtoexperiencefailuresinlifeB.possesstheabilitytopredictfuturelifeC.handleupsanddownsoflifewiselyD.havepotentialtocreatesomethingnew【2012山东卷D篇】Lastyear,itwasarefrigeratorthattweeted.Thisyear,it’sWi-Fi-enabledlaundrymachinesandfridgesthatcantellyouwhenyourgroceriesaregoingbad.Thewashersanddryers,availablestartinginthespring,connecttoanysmartphonethroughadownloadableapplication.Thephonecanthenbeusedasaremotecontrol,sothemachinescanbeturnedonandoffwhiletheirownersisatworkoronthebus.Samsungsaysit’snotjustsomethingnew—theappconnectionactuallyhassomepracticaluses.“Ifyoustartedtodryclothesinthemorningandforgottotakethemout,youcangotoyourphoneandrestartyourdryerforthetimewhencomehome,soyourclothesarerefreshedandreadytogo,”said第405页 spokespersonAmySchmidt.Thecompanyalsosaysthatwithelectricityrate(电价)varyingdependingonthetimeofday,morecontroloverwhenthemachinesareusedcanhelpsavemoney.Perhaps,butwhattheywillprobablyreallyaccomplishiswhatallgoodtechnologiesdo—enablelaziness.Ratherthangettinguptocheckonwhetherthelaundryisdone,userswillinsteadmonitoritontheirphoneswhilewatchingTV.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------73.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewlaundrymachines?A.TheycantellyouwhenyourclothesneedwashingB.TheycanbecontrolledwithasmartphoneC.TheyaredifficulttooperateD.Theyaresoldatalowprice秘诀12：miss(missing);lose(lost)是选项中答案高频暗示词!【2011全国新课标卷A篇】Thereissadlynohomemilkdeliverytoday.Bigcompaniesallowedtheproductionofcheapermilkthusmakingitdifficultformilkmentocompete(竞争).Besides,milkisforsaleeverywhere,anditmayjustnothavebeenpracticedtohaveadeliveryservice.Recently,anoldmilkboxinthecountrysideIsawbroughtbackmychildhoodmemories.1tookithomeandplanteditonthebackporch(门廊).Everysooftenmyson"sfriendswillaskwhatitis.SoIstarttellingstoriesofmyboyhood,andofthemilkmanwhobroughtusfriendshipalongwithhismilk.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------59.Whydidtheauthorbringbackhomeanoldmilkbox?A.Hemissedthegoodolddays.B.Hewantedtotellinterestingstories.C.Heneededitforhismilkbottles.D.Heplantedflowersinit.【2010江西卷A篇】Andyrodeslowlyonhiswaytoschool,day-dreamingaboutthefishingtripthathisfatherhadpromisedhim.Hewassobusydreamingaboutallthefishhewouldcatchthathewasunawareofeverythingelsearoundhim.Herodealonguntilastrangesounddrewhimtothepresent.Hecametoastopandlookedcuriouslyupto第405页 theheavens.Whathesawshockedandterrifiedhim.Ahugeswarmofbeesfilledtheskylikeablackcloudandthebuzzingmassseemedtobeheadingangrilytowardshim.Withnotimetowaste,Andyspedoffintheoppositedirection,ridingfuriously—butwithoutknowinghowtoescapetheswarm.Witharapidlybeatingheartandhislegspumpingfuriously,hespeddowntheroughroad.Asthebeescamecloser,hispanicincreased.Andyknewthathewassensitivetobeestings(蜇).Thelaststinghadlandedhiminhospital—andthatwasonlyonebeesting!Hehadbeenforcedtostayinbedfortwowholedays.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------56.WhydidAndyfailtonoticetheswarmofbeesearlier?A.Hewasridingtoschool.B.Hewaslisteningtoastrangesound.C.Hewasgoingfishingwithhisfather.D.Hewaslostinthethoughtofthefishingtrip.擒贼先擒王:主旨题、写作目的题吴军答题密码方法一：找中心句第一段首、末句(一段末出现转折)二段一句、二句(二段对一段进行总结或否定)尾段首末句,90%在末句有汉语标注的地方!【2012全国新课标卷B篇】Honey(蜂蜜)fromtheAfricanforestisnotonlyakindofnaturalsugar,itisalsodelicious.Mostpeople,andmanyanimals,likeeatingit.However,theonlywayforthemtogetthathoneyistofindawildbees"nest(巢)andtakethehoneyfromit.Often,thesenestsarehighupintrees,anditisdifficulttofindthem.InpartsofAfrica,though,peopleandanimalslookingforhoneyhaveastrangeandunexpectedhelper一alittlebirdcalleda第405页 honeyguide.Thehoneyguidedoesnotactuallylikehoney,butitdoeslikethewax(蜂蜡)inthebeehives(蜂房).Thelittlebirdcannotreachthiswax,whichisdeepinsidethebees’nest.So,whenitfindsasuitablenest,itlooksforsomeonetohelpit.Thehoneyguidegivesaloudcrythatattractstheattentionofbothpassinganimalsandpeople.Onceithastheirattention,itfliesthroughtheforest,waitingfromtimetotimeforthecuriousanimalorpersonasitleadsthemtothenest.Whentheyfinallyarriveatthenest,thefollowerreachesintogetatthedelicioushoneyasthebirdpatientlywaitsandwatches.Someofthehoney,andthewax,alwaysfallstotheground,andthisiswhenthehoneyguidetakesitsshare.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------63.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WildBeesB.WaxandHoneyC.BeekeepinginAfricaD.Honey-Lover"sHelper表转折和因果处:but,yet,however,instead,today,now,Although,so,therefore,thus,asaresult,because(since,as,for),oneofthereasonswas……,Theresultsare……ItwasavillageinIndia.Thepeoplewerepoor.However,theywerenotunhappy.Afterall,theirforefathershadlivedinthesamewayforcenturies.Thenoneday,somevisitorsfromthecityarrived.Theytoldthevillagersthereweresomepeopleelsewherewholikedtoeatfrog’slegs.However,theydidnothaveenoughfrogsoftheirown,andsotheywantedtobuyfrogsfromotherplaces.Thisseemedlikemoneyfornothing.Thereweremillionsoffrogsinthefieldsaround,andtheywerenousetothevillagers.Alltheyhadtodowascatchthem.Agreementwasreached,andthechildrenweresentintothefieldstocatchfrogs.Everyweekatruckarrivedtocollectthecatchandhandoverthemoney.Forthefirsttime,thepeoplewereabletodreamofabetterfuture.Butthedreamdidn’tlastlong.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------FromParagragh1welearnthatthevillagers.第405页 A.workedveryhardforcenturiesB.dreamedofhavingabetterlifeC.werepoorbutsomewhatcontentD.livedadifferentlifefromtheirforefathers【2012全国新课标D篇】Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedstillswimaswellaseversince.Amanwhenhegetsbackwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscaninthewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandstillrideaway.Hecanplaycatchandhitaballaswellashisson.Amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"。rememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------67.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph1?A.Peoplerememberwellwhattheylearnedinchildhood.B.Childrenhaveabettermemorythangrown-ups.C.Poemreadingisagoodwaytolearnwords.D.Storiesforchildrenareeasytoremember.【2012重庆卷E篇】Inhis1930essay“EconomicPossibilitiesforOurGrandchildren“,JohnKeynes,economist,rewrotethathumanneedsfallintotwoclasses:absoluteneeds,whichareindeedwhatotherhave,andrelativeneeds,whichmakeusfeelsuperiortoourfellows.Hethoughtalthoughrelativeneedsmayindeedbeinsatiable(无止境的)thisisnottrueofabsolute.Keyneswassurelycorrectthatonlyasmallpartoftotalspendingiddecidedbythesuper-iorityHewasgreatlymistaken,however,inseeingthisderiveastheonlysourceofdemandsDecisionstospendarealsodrivenbyideasofqualitywhichcaninfluencethedenalmostallgoods,includingevenbasicgoodslikefood.Whenacouplegoesoutforandinner,forexample,thethoughtoffeelingsuperiortoothersprobablynevercomestothem.Thegoalistoshareaspecialmealthatstandsoutfromothermeals.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------第405页 75.Theauthorofthepassagearguesthat______.A.absoluteneedshavenolimitsB.demandsforqualityarenotinsatiableC.humandesiresinfluenceideasofqualityD.relativeneedsdecidemostofourspending【2012陕西卷C篇】Eatingtoomuchfattyfood,exercisingtoolittleandsmokingcanraiseyourfutureriskofheartdisease.Butthereisanotherfactorthatcancauseyourheartproblemsmoreimmediately:theairyoubreathe.Previousstudieshavelinkedhighexposure(暴露）toenvironmentalpollutiontoanincreasedriskofheartproblem,buttwoanalysesnowshowthatpoorairqualitycanleadtoheartattackorstroke(中风）withinaslittleasafewhoursafterexposure.Inonereviewoftheresearch,scientistsfoundthatpeopleexposedtohighlevelsofpollutants(污染物）wereupto5%morelikelytosufferaheartattackwithindaysofexposurethanthosewithlowerexposure.AseparatestudyofstrokepatientsshowedthatevenairthattheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)considerstobeof“moderate”(良好）qualityandrelativelysafeforourhealthcanraisetheriskofstrokeasmuchas34%within12to14hoursofexposure.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------53.Thetextmainlydiscussestherelationshipbetween.A.heartproblemsandairqualityB.heartproblemsandexercisingC.heartproblemsandsmokingD.heartproblemsandfattyfood写作目的题秘诀13：广告文体写作目的题一般用advertise!【2012重庆卷B篇】Toplistsarelecturingpeopleoneverythingfrom"100bookstoread".Aren"tyoujusttiredofbeingtoldwhattodowithyourtime?Nowyouhavealisttoendalllists!Takealookatthefollowingtwoexamplesfromthelistof"101thingsnottodo":……GotoSeetheMonaLisa?Theremustbesomethingaboutthemysterious(神秘的)smile.The6millionpeoplewhotheladyintheLouvreeveryyearcan’tallbewrongafterall.Buttheycanbequiteandstandinginfrontofyou,holdinguptheircamerastopreventyoufromseeinganything.Infacthardforyoutoseethepaintingclearlybecauseyouhaveto第405页 stayawayfromitforsecurityread.Afterqueuingforhours,manytouristscanremaininfrontofthepaintingonlyfor15secondsmost.So,stilllongtoseetheMonaLisa?Ifyouwanttofindoutmoreaboutthelist,read101TingsNOTtoDoBeforeYouDie.Visitwww.not2dobeforeidie.co.ukandbuythebookata20％discount.63.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.ToadvertiseabookB.TointroduceawebsiteC.TocommentonpopularlistsD.Torecommendtouristactivities.写作目的题秘诀17：一般说明文写作目的题常用inform!【2012浙江卷C篇】Therewillalwaysbeconflictinschools,butthatdoesn"tmeanthereneedstobeviolence.AfterstudentsinAtlantastartedaconflictresolutionprogram,accordingtoEducatorsforSocialResponsibility,"64percentoftheteachersreportedlessphysicalviolenceintheclassroom;75percentoftheteachersreportedanincreaseinstudentcooperation;and92percentofthestudentsfeltbetteraboutthemselves".Learningtoresolveconflictscanhelpstudentsdealwithfriends,.teachers.parents,bosses,andcoworkers.Inthatway,conflictresolutionisabasiclifeskillthatshouldbetaughtinschoolsacrossthecountry.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------54.Thewriter’spurposeforwritingthisarticleisto_______.A.complainaboutproblemsinschooleducationB.teachstudentsdifferentstrategiesforschoollifeC.advocateteachingconflictmanagementinschoolsD.informteachersofthelateststudiesonschoolviolenceBut后面violence是重心！写作目的题秘诀18：新闻报道写作目的题常用report!【2012全国II卷D篇】ADDISABABA,Ethiopia-Oneoftheworld"smostfamousfossils(化石)-the3.2million-year-oldLucyskeleton(骨骼)unearthedinEthiopiain1974-willgoonanexhibitiontourabroadforthefirsttimeintheUnitedStates,officialssaidTuesday.EventheEthiopianpublichasonlyseenLucytwice.TheLucyonexhibitionattheEthiopianNationalMuseuminthecapital.AddisAbabaisareplicawhiletherealremainsareusuallylockedinasecretstoreroom.AteamfromtheMuseumofNationalServiceintoU.S.tour.TexasspentfouryearsdisscusingwiththeEthiopiansfortheU.S.tour.WhichwillstartinHoustonnext第405页 September."Ethiopia"srichcultureofboththepastandtoday,isoneofthebestkeptsecretsintheworld,"saidJoelBartsch,directoroftheHoustonmuseum.Thesix-yeartourwillalsogotoWashington,NewYork.DenverandChicago.OfficialssaidsixotherU.S.citiesmaybeonthetour.Buttheysaidplanshadnotyetbeenworkedout.TravelingwithLucywillbe190otherfossils.Lucy,hernametakenfromaBeatlessongthatplayedinacampthenightofherdiscovery,ispartoftheskeletonofwhatwasoncea3½-foot-ballape-man(猿人).-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------53.Theauthorwritesthistextmainlyto__.A.introduceafewU.S.museumsB.describesomeresearchworkC.discussthevalueofanape-manD.reportacomingevent阅读出题点与细节题吴军答题法则秘诀9：找到信息点后核对选项，发现照抄原文的不是答案，同义替换的通常是答案，有时结合答案特征，发现的更快！Tanni’senduringsuccesshadbeenpartmotivation(动机),partpreparation,“ThetrainingIdothatenablesmetobeagoodsprinter(短跑运动员)enablesmetobegoodatamarathontoo.Itrain50weeksoftheyearandthatkeepsmepreparedforwhateverdistanceIwanttorace….Iamstillcompetingataveryhighlever,butasIgetolderthingsgetharderandIwanttoretirebeforeIfallapart.”-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------58.Theunderlinedword“that”inthe5thparagraphrefersto_______.（此题容易错选A，但正确答案是C，怎样避开陷阱？）A.fiftyweeks’trainingB.beingagoodsprinterC.trainingalmosteverydayD.partmotivationandpartpreparation阅读文章结构、题材与推论题吴军突破秘诀推论题秘诀3：没有中心句（中心词四选项都有），尾段也没有核对点，则找出题点核对！第405页 【2012福建卷B篇】AtexactlyelevenSirPercivalknockedandentered,withanxietyandworryineverylineofhisface.Thismeetingwoulddecidehisfuturelife，andheobviouslyknewit."Youmaywonder,SirPercival,’’saidLauracalmly,“ifIamgoingtoasktobereleased(免除）frommypromisetomarryyou.Iamnotgoingtoaskthis.Irespectmyfather"swishestoomuch.“汉语标注处是出题核对点！Hisfacerelaxedalittle,butoneofhisfeetkeptbeatingthecarpet."No,ifwearegoingtowithdraw.(退出）fromourplannedmarriage,itwillbebecauseofyourwish,notmine.“Mine?”hesaidingreatsurprise.“WhatreasoncouldIhaveforwithdrawing?’"Areasonthatisveryhardtotellyou,"sheanswered."Thereisachangeinme.”Hisfacewentsopalethatevenhislipslosttheircolor.Heturnedhisheadtooneside."Whatchange?"heasked,tryingtoappearcalm.“Whenthepromisewasmadetwoyearsago,”shesaid,mylovedidnotbelongtoanyone.Willyouforgiveme,SirPercival,ifItellyouthatitnowbelongstoanotherperson?”“Iwishyoutounderstand,“Lauracontinued,“thatIwillneverseethispersonagain,andthatifyouleaveme,youonlyallowmctoremainasinglewomanfortherestofmylife.AllIaskisthatyouforgivemcandkeepmysecret."‘Iwilldoboththosethings,“hesaid.ThenhelookedatLaura,asifhewaswaitingtohearmore."IthinkIhavesaidenoughtogiveyoureasontowithdrawfromourmarriage,“sheaddedquietly.“No.Youhavesaidenoughtomakeitthedearestwishofmylifetomarryyou,“hesaid.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------61.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A.LaurahadoncepromisedtomarryPercivalB.Laura"sfatherwishedtoendhermarriageC.PercivalhadbeenmarriedtoLaurafortwoyearsD.Percivalaskedtobereleasedfromthemarriage文章取材题秘诀5：若首段有小括号,里面有新华,搜狐,网易,新浪,路透,BBC等提示,如(XINHUANET),或每段首句有具体时间信息点,则选项一定与news有关!【2012辽宁卷C篇】第405页 IfConfucius（孔子）werestillalivetodayandcouldcelebratehisSeptember28birthdaywithabigcake,therewouldbealotofcandles.He’dneedafanorastrongwindtohelphimputthemout.WhilemanypeopleinChinawillrememberConfuciusonhisspecialday,fewpeopleintheUnitedStateswillgivehimapassingthought.It’snothingpersonal.MostAmericansdon’tevenrememberthebirthdaysoftheirownnationalheroes.Butthisdoesn’tmeanthatAmericansdon’tcareaboutConfucius.InmanywayshehasbecomeabridgethatforeignersmustcrossiftheywanttoreachadeeperunderstandingofChina.Inthepasttwodecades,theChinesestudiesprogramshavegainedhugepopularityinWesternuniversities.Morerecently,theChinesegovernmenthassetupConfuciusInstitutesinmorethan80countries.TheseschoolsteachbothChineselanguageandculture.ThemaincoursesofChinesecultureusuallyincludedChineseart,historyandphilosophy（哲学）.SomesocialscientistssuggestthatWesternersshouldtakeadvantagesoftheancientChinesewisdomtomakeupforthedrawbacksofWesternersphilosophy.StudentsintheUnitedStates,atthesametime,areracingtolearnChinese.SotheywillbereadyforlifeinaworldwhereChinaisanequalpowerwiththeUnitedStates.BusinessmenwhohopetomakemoneyinChinaarereadingbooksaboutConfuciustounderstandtheirChinesecustomers.Sotheoldthinker’sideasarestillaliveandwell.TodayChinaattractstheWestmorethanever,anditwillneedmoreteacherstointroduceConfuciusandChineseculturetotheWest.Asfortheoldthinker,hewillnotsoonbeforgottenbypeopleintheWest,evenifhisbirthdayis.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------67.Thepassageislikelytoappearin___________.A.abiographyB.ahistorypaperC.anewspaperD.aphilosophytextbook文章取材题秘诀6：文章首尾句看是否有关键信息点,比如book,可能是书的前言或简介,若有价格,与钱有关或访问某网站,则可能是广告(advertisement)!【2010湖北卷C篇】Thisbriefbookisaimedathighschoolstudents,butspeakstoanyonelearningatanystageoflife.第405页 Itsformal,seriousstylecloselymatchesitscontent,aschool-masterlybookonschooling.Theauthor,W.H.Armstrong,startswiththebasics:readingandwriting.Inhisopinion,readingdoesn’tjustmeanrecognizingeachwordonthepage;itmeanstakingintheinformation,digestingitandincorporatingitintooneselfjustasonedigestsasandwichandmakesitapartofhimself.Thegoalistobringtheinformationbacktolife,notjusttotreatitasdeadfactsonpaperfromdeadtrees.Readingandwritingcannotbecompletelyseparatedfromeachother;infact,theaimofreadingistoexpresstheinformationyouhavegotfromthetext.I’veseenitagainandagain：some-onewhocan’texpressanideaafterreadingatextisjustasineffectiveassomeonewhohasn’treaditatall.Onlyathirdofthebookremainsafterthatdiscussion,whichArmstrongdevotestospecifictipsforstudyinglanguages,math,scienceandhistory.Hegenerallyhandlesthesetopicsthoroughly(透彻地)andequally,exceptforsomeweaknessinthescienceandmathsectionsandabittoomuchpassion(激情)regardinghistorytohisstudents,thatwasahundredtimesmorethanmyhistoryteachersevergotacross.Tomydisappointment,inthispartofthebookheignoresthearts.Asamatteroffact,theydemandalltheconcentrationandstudythatmathandsciencedo,thoughthestudydiffersslightlyinkind.Althoughit’scommonlybelievedthattheartscanonlybenaturallyacquired,actually,learningtheartsisnomorenaturalthanlearningFrenchormathematics.Myothercommentisthatthetextaged.Thefirsteditionapparentlydatestothe1960s—noneofthereferences(参考文献)seemnewerthanthelate1950s.Asaresult,thediscussionmissestheentirecomputerage.Thesearesmallpoints,though,anddon’taffectthemaindiscussion.Irecommendittoanystudentandanyteacher,includingtheself-taughtstudent.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------66.Thispassagecanbeclassifiedas________.A.anadvertisementB.abookreviewC.afeaturestoryD.Anewsreport【2012北京卷A篇】TheBasicsofMath—MadeClearBasicMathintroducesstudentstothebasicconceptsofmathematics,aswellasthefundamentalsofmoretrickyareas.These30fantasticlecturesaredesignedtoprovidestudentswithanunderstandingofarithmeticandtopreparethemforAlgebra(代数)andbeyond.第405页 ThelessonsinBasicMathcovereverybasicaspectofarithmetic.Theyalsolookintoexponents(指数),theorderofoperations,andsquareroots.Inadditiontolearninghowtoperformvariousmathematicaloperations,studentsdiscoverwhytheseoperationswork,howaparticularmathematicaltopicrelatestootherbranchesofmathematics,andhowtheseoperationscanbeusedpractically.BasicMathstartsfromtherelativelyeasierconceptsandgraduallymovesontothemoretroublesomeones,soastoallowforsteadyandsureunderstandingofthematerialbystudents.Thelecturesofferstudentsthechanceto“makesense”ofmathematicalknowledgethatmayhaveseemedsofrightening.Theyalsohelpstudentsprepareforcollegemathematicsandovercometheiranxietyaboutthisamazing—andcompletelyunderstandable—fieldofstudy.Bytheconclusionofthecourse,studentswillhaveimprovedtheirunderstandingofbasicmath.Theywillbeabletoclearawaythemystery(神秘性)ofmathematicsandfacetheirstudieswithmoreconfidencethantheyeverimagined.Inaddition,theywillstrengthentheirabilitytoacceptnewandexcitingmathematicalchallenges.ProfessorH.Siegel,honoredbyKentuckyEducationalTelevisionas“thebestmathteacherinAmerica,”isadevotedteacherandhasagiftforexplainingmathematicalconceptsinwaysthatmakethemseemclearandobvious.Fromthebasicconcreteideastothemoreabstractproblems,heismasterinmakingmathlectureslearner-friendlierandlessscary.WithaPhDinMathematicsEducationfromGeorgiaStateUniversity,Dr.SiegelteachesmathematicsatCentralArizonaCollege.Hiscoursesincludevariousmake-upclassesandanumberoflecturesforfutureprimaryschoolteachers.Ifthecoursefailstoprovidecompletesatisfactiontoyou,youcaneasilyexchangeitforanyothercoursethatweoffer.Oryoucangetyourmoneyback.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------59.Whereisthepassagemostlikelytohavebeentakenfrom?A.Anewsreport.B.AbookreviewC.Alessonplan.D.Anadvertisement文体结构题秘诀4：指定段落有aman,oneman,suchas等信号词时,结构为举例(examples).第405页 【2012江西卷D篇】　　Yetsomepeoplewonderiftherevolutionintravelhasgonetoofar.Apricehasbeenpaid,theysay,fortheconquest(征服)oftimeanddistance.Travelissomethingtobeenjoyed,notendured(忍受).Theboatoffersleisureandtimeenoughtoappreciatetheever-changingsightsandsoundsofajourney.Ajourneybytrainalsohasaspecialcharmaboutit.Lakesandforestsandwild,openplainssweepingpastyourcarriagewindowcreateagrandviewinwhichtimeanddistancemeannothing.Onboardaplane,however,thereisjusttheblankblueoftheskyfillingthenarrowwindowoftheairplane.Thesoftlighting,in-flightfilmsandgentlemusicmakeuptheonlyworldyouknow,andthehoursprogressslowly.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------72．HowdoesthewritersupporttheunderlinedstatementinParagraph2?A．Bygivinginstructions．B．Byanalyzingcauseandeffect．C．Byfollowingtheorderoftime．D．Bygivingexamples．【2012全国新课标D篇】Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning,whichcanbestatedasfollows:Oncewehavelearnedsomething,additionallearningtrials(尝试)increasethelengthoftimewewillrememberit.Inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem.Wecontinuetolistentoandremindourselvesofwordssuchas"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"andchildhoodtalessuchasCinderellaandGoldilocks.Wenotonlylearnbutoverlearn.Themultiplicationtables(乘法口诀表)areanexceptiontotheeeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------68.Theauthorexplainsthelawofoverlearningby_________.A.presentingresearchfindingsB.settingdowngeneralrulesC.makingacomparisonD.usingexamples阅读词汇、文章及作者态度题吴军破解规律第405页 词汇答题秘诀12：模凌两可处如何处理？向该词就近信息点靠拢！向高频答案词特征靠拢！选择范围大的！【2011重庆卷A篇】Therewasagardenerwholookedafterhisgardenwithgreatcare.Towaterhisflowers,heusedtwobuckers.Onewasashinyandnewbucket.Theotherwasaveryoldanddilapidatedone,whichhadseenmanyyearsofservice,butwasnowpastitsbest.56.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dilapidated”probablymean?A.DirtyB.DarkC.Worn-outD.Plain-looking.被动答案特征！作者态度题秘诀11：高频答案词caring（关心的；有同情心的）【2012天津卷B篇】45.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMs.Yates?A.Reliableanddevoted.B.Toughandgenerous.C.Proudbutpatient.D.Strictbutcaring.【2012辽宁卷B篇】61.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefamiliesoftheastronautsontheISS?A.ThearecaringandthoughtfulB.TheareimpatientandannoyedC.Theareimpatientandannoyed.D.Theareexcitedandcurious.【2010全国Ⅱ卷A篇】45.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBrownie?A.ShyB.PoliteC.BraveD.Caring第405页 更多阅读高分秘术和高频答案词尽在2013高考英语阅读3天提分秘术教案中.艺考生和体考生只要记住阅读高频答案词,就有可能70%正确,再结合吴老师的2013高考英语阅读高分秘术(技巧密籍:www.sypeterwu.com),一本,二本不再是梦!同时也为考重点大学满分攻略带来了答案原理依据!现在可以开始预定吴军2013高考英语高分秘诀系统教案啦!单买：2013高考英语阅读3天提分秘术教案原价5000元现6折3000元2013高考英语完形3天提分秘术教案原价5000元现5折2500元2013高考英语语法词汇3天提分秘术原价3000元现5折1500元2012高考英语阅读矩阵法则教案原价3200元现3折960元2012高考英语完形易经法则教案原价3200元现3折960元2012高考英语语法词汇高频考点原价2000元现3折600元2012高考英语高频答案词一本通原价2500元现2折500元2011高考英语阅读高分密码原价3000元现2折600元2011高考英语完形高分密码原价2500元现2折500元全套：(教案不含听力,加盟文字系统版不含电子版及1年辅导和策划服务)2013吴军高考英语迅捷提分秘术学生自学版教师授课版加盟系统版辽宁卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4200元12000元20000元新课标(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4200元12000元20000元天津卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4500元12000元20000元第405页 上海卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4500元12000元20000元北京卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4500元12000元20000元浙江卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4500元12000元20000元四川卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4000元12000元20000元重庆卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4000元12000元20000元陕西卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4000元12000元20000元安徽卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4200元12000元20000元广东卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4200元12000元20000元湖南卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4000元12000元20000元湖北卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4500元12000元20000元江西卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4000元12000元20000元江苏卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4200元12000元20000元全国I(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4000元12000元20000元全国II(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4200元12000元20000元福建卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4200元12000元20000元请上www.sypeterwu.com或上百度,输入"沈阳高分英语家教吴军"查询!您孩子或许接受过一对一的大型品牌英语家教服务，甚至一线在职教师的辅导，但绝大多数的情况是，您孩子的英语分数纹丝不动甚至下降了！为什么？花言巧语的广告轰炸和信誓旦旦的保分承诺是让很多家长经不起的诱惑！其实很多品牌家教派给您孩子的家教不过是以前在马路上举牌仅值30-50元/小时的应往届毕业生而已！最终，拿回承诺的退费比登山还难，即使退了，也换不来孩子的分数和本应美好的未来！第405页 在职教师有着令人信服的耀眼光环，但该好的当然是好，但该坏的照样是坏的！重点高中的孩子并不是你在职教师教出来的，因为学苗好，都125-130分了，谁教都会一样的好！把普通学校的学生拿给在职教师教，再用在职教师滚瓜烂熟的知识点串讲辅导和拿个五三套题让学生去做，其结果，很难短期内事半功倍！什么北京XX高分突破，60分钟高考英语提分秘诀，2012高分核按纽，选择题高分模板等层出不穷，到底哪个才有效啊？与吴军高分密码有什么区别？有的用名头砸人（比如用北京或上海英语学科带头人，参加过高考出题，享受国务院特殊津贴等作为卖点）；有的用卖成功学陈XX那样的文字广告框人；有的干脆模仿或照抄相关广告文案去骗人，甄别起来，还真是有点困难！真想区别开来，其实是可以找到答案的：骗子是很好鉴别的，一是可以让您的孩子问一些高考英语中阅读和完型很具体的问题，看他或她回答的如何？另外，骗子一般都不留自己的联络地址和电话号码，只留邮箱，QQ号码和银行卡号，让你被骗之后无从寻找。另外，他们还会承诺，不满意，可以退回资料，马上退款，还负责汇款手续费，让你觉得深信不已！其实，仔细想一想，资料都暴漏了，谁拿到后都可以马上复印，若可以退的话，岂不是所有人都可以免费拿到资料了吗？比如，2011年高考的时候就有人假借吴军老师的名义实施骗局！他在网上贴吧和博客上出卖的教案根本不是吴军的核心授课教案,是免费公益版的;另外淘宝网上卖的也是假的,是武汉某某在沈阳吴军高分英语家教网站上或百度文库,英语周报英语教师网及新浪爱问共享资料上免费下载的,是可以免费得到的,然而他却卖你3000元,但其并非吴军本人核心授课教案!声明:没有与沈阳吴军本人联络,且未将款项打入沈阳吴军个人银行帐号的交易与吴军无任何关系,其后果自负!已经上当的家长,请看一下你得到的是类似如下吴军高分教案吗?不要图便宜,还是与吴军本人亲自交易吧!辨别有没有效，好不好使，其实方法也很简单:一要看你教的学生是不是真实的?广告中提分的学员是否留有学校,班级和学生真实姓名及提分幅度?这样一来,知道了班级和姓名就很容易核实了,不符则可称为诈骗,可追究法律责任!不敢留学生真实姓名,只是写上张某某(或从别处粘贴了外地高考状元的照片)并随意说提了50分是不可信的,目的也是可想而知!吴军英语的广告中声称的提分效果,都写明了学校班级和学生姓名及提分幅度,是可信的,也是敢于让公众监督的!比如，吴军英语关于提分在其官网上是这么写的：第405页 2012吴军高考英语成绩公告　　2012年高考已经结束，吴军老师今年承接了一对一或一对二，共计87位考生。其中刨出一个最高分136分（本身来时就130分左右）及考前半个月左右才来学的2位考生，平均提分36.7，再创辉煌！其中值得一提的是，吴老师所授的一名学员英语单科成绩竟然提了90多分，再次刷新了吴老师2009年创造的提73分的最高记录！令人兴奋！最高提90分，刷新2009年最高提73分记录！方美乔，鲁美附中高三3班(考前2个月内在翰林补课班上学)，考生号：12210104130592，考场在50中学,高二下学期来吴军老师处学习时,成绩最高时仅36分，通过在1年多每周一次课的学习，2012年高考成绩为126分，提分90多分，刷新了2009年吴老师创造的最高提73分的记录。作为沈阳隆方房地产公司老板的女儿，家庭条件相当优越，但其从不缺乏刻苦专研精神，最后即将以艺考482分的优异成绩考取鲁迅美术学院!重点高中在职教师不行,不妨再找吴老师试试!刘赫绅,22中高三9班,考生号：12210106150716,考场在53中学,通过某位重点高中参加过高考英语出题的在职教师近1年的一对一补课,成绩始终徘徊在70分左右,但考中国民航大学飞行员的英语小分必须达到90分.后来其母亲沈阳雏鹰小学马老师通过2011年考取一本B段涉外高护专业的沈阳4中胡兢元的母亲鼎立推荐,找到了吴军老师,此时距离2012年高考还有不到2个半月的时间,通过每周一、三、五下午17:30-19:00近30课的学习,最终将以2012年高考英语101分的成绩如愿以偿!短期火箭式提分有秘方!高考前3个月,词汇量能达到初三下学期水平,本身有强烈的提分欲望,能刻苦专研，没有心理障碍的学员，基本上，或者说2005-2012历年99%提分。徐可，沈阳4中高三0班，考生号：12210106110515，考场在15中学,总分605（过理科一本线）。2012年高考英语为125分。来时100多分，通过短期10课的学习，分数提了近20分；王天池，沈阳120中，考生号：12210105150840，考场在省实验中学，总分478（过理科二本线）。2012年高考英语为89分。来时接近40分，通过短期集中20多课的学习，分数提了近50分；袁小力，鲁美附中高三1班艺考生，考生号：12210104130667，考场在50中学,总分436。按其成绩排名基本上可以考取鲁美。通过短期集中20课的学习，其由来时的30多分，上升到本次高考66分，分数翻倍，险过小分！第405页 蒋同学，沈阳31中高三艺考生，考生号:12210102170004，考场在38中学,通过8次课的集中学习，成绩由原来的80分左右提到2012年高考英语109分！更多提分详细资料，请亲临咨询！对于携带记者证或预交1课学费者，可以全部查询相关提分信息，并任意抽查3-5位同学父母的联络方式核实！也可根据其所在学校班级，二次核实！（链接2011年吴军老师亲授学员成绩公告）吴军亲授考生共83人参加了2011年高考,去掉一个最高分东北育才本部137分,去掉一个艺考最低分(临时只学了7次课,来时33分,2011年高考61分),平均提分31.5分! 2011年沈阳高分英语家教吴军一对一亲授中考生学员共计39人，140分以上占97.17%；130-140之间为0%；120-130之间占2.73%，没有120分以下的。其中21人达到了145分或以上，有“两匹黑马”值得一提，他们一个是辽宁省实验中学北校区初三8班的杨淇，另一位是沈阳7中初三21班的童俊豪，他们来吴军老师这儿学习时均为120分或以下，本次2011年沈阳中考英语成绩均达到了146分。----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------许译鲁美附中高三1班,考生号:11210104130303；宁莹莹鲁美附中高三3班2011届高三文科艺考生,考生号:11210702130017；黄钰乔沈阳27中高三13班,考生号:11210105130331,2011年高考英语分别提高了30-55分不等，已被一批本科鲁迅美术学院和中央美术学院录取！卢涵沈阳铁路中学高三11班2011届高三艺考生,考生号:11210105130901,李奕宣沈阳同泽女中学高三3班2011届高三艺考生,考生号:112101053130422,2011年高考英语成绩分别提高了30-35分不等，已被中国传媒大学文编专业和天津师范大学播音专业录取！李晨晖沈阳2中2011届高三考生,考生号:11210103151002,总分:651分,理科,一本线重点大学,来吴军高分英语前110-120分,本次高考英语成绩为127分;杨嘉睿东北育才双语2011届高三4班考生,考生号:11210102111097,总分:559分,理科,预估一本线,来吴军高分英语前120分,本次高考英语成绩为130分;鲁菲沈阳120中7班2011届高三考生,考生号:11210105110762,总分:544分,理科,一本线,来吴军高分英语前110分,考前共学5课,本次高考英语成绩为119分。姜萧栩沈阳雨田中学初三2班考号：0610201162011年沈阳中考英语成绩为145分；杨淇辽宁省实验中学北校区初三8班考号：0510089062011年沈阳中考英语成绩为146分；王一乾沈阳雨田中学初三2班考号：0610204062011年沈阳中考英语成绩为146分；袁若琳沈阳雨田中学初三1班考号：0610211022011年沈阳中考英语成绩为144分；童俊豪沈阳7中初三21班考号：0310095212011年沈阳中考英语成绩为146分；张天爱沈阳雨田中学初三1班考号：0610194142011年沈阳中考英语成绩为144分。第405页 2012吴军高考英语3天提分秘诀辽宁卷效果示例一、知识点和词汇全部押对！举几个2012高考英语辽宁卷单选的例子：吴军老师帮您筛选的30多个形容词和副词，大家看一看，是不是都在下列备选项中？22.Weusedtoseeeachother,butIhaven’theadfromhimsincelastyear.A.especiallyB.regularlyC.particularlyD.approximately有些连知识点都不用，只是通过吴军老师教你的正负/过程和结果解题法就所向披靡了！通过正负，可知A和D可选！再通过过程和结果，可知A.withpleasure强调的是结果，说明借过后，表示荣幸，所以不符！电话还没借呢，故只有D符合。23.—I’mterriblysorrytointerrupt,butmayIuseyourphone?It’sratherurgent.—Yes,.A.withpleasureB.noburryC.itdoesn’tmatterD.ofcourse2012吴军高考语法与词汇单项选择题3天提分密码B-1第25页，Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。这儿是说根据学校规定学生在校时都必须要穿校服。24.Oneofourrulesisthateverystudentwearschooluniformwhileatschool.A.mightB.couldC.shallD.will2012吴军高考语法与词汇单项选择题3天提分密码B-2第25页，有宾语主动,无宾语被动！follow后面有宾语，with的宾语后面可加形容词、副词、分词、不定式、名词等作宾补，这儿petdog与follow构成主谓关系，所以用following.25.Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdogthem.A.tofollowB.followingC.followedD.follows2012吴军高考英语高频答案词一本通第108页，Rod喜欢拆卸钟表，然而，他从来都不能再重新装好。所以选B项。另外However两边句子相反，看到put……together,当然相反的就是takingapart啦！26.Rodlovesclocks.However,henevermanagestoputthemtogetheragain.第405页 A.takingapartB.givingawayC.makingupD.turningoff2012吴军高考语法与词汇单项选择题3天提分密码B-1第6页，one作“一个”，“一本”，“一件”等解，用来代替上文提到过的paper。相当于acopyofpaper.28.Ifyou’rebuyingtoday’spaperfromthestand,couldyougetforme?A.oneB.suchC.thisD.that2012吴军高考语法与词汇单项选择题3天提分密码B-2第13页，把你的钥匙留给你的邻居，以防你把自己锁在外面了。所以选C项。30.Leaveyourkeywithyourneighboryoulockyourselfoutoneday.A.aslongasB.eventhoughC.incaseD.asif2012吴军高考语法与词汇单项选择题3天提分密码B-3第4页，Notuntil位于句首时句子要倒装，considerhavingaholidayabroad这个动作发生在retire之后，所以用一般过去时。32.Notuntilheretiredfromteachingthreeyearsagohavingaholidayabroad.A.hehadconsideredB.hadheconsideredC.heconsideredD.didheconsider2012吴军高考语法与词汇单项选择题3天提分密码B-1第26页，在句型“It’shigh/verytimethat…”中，从句中的谓语动词用did或shoulddo.所以选D项。33.Jackisagreattalker.It’shightimethathesomethinginsteadofjusttalking.A.willdoB.hasdoneC.doD.did2012吴军高考语法与词汇单项选择题3天提分密码B-2第18页，名词性从句4个高频答案词，介词for后面加的是宾语从句，且从句中find缺少宾语，故用whatever，选C。34.ThenewcomerwenttothelibrarytheotherdayandscarchedforhecouldfindaboutMarkTwain.A.whereverB.howeverC.whateverD.whichever第405页 二、完形技巧+高频答案词，挑战高分！举几个2012高考英语辽宁卷完形填空的例子来回忆一下吴军老师的完形易经，骄傲一下自己当时精明的选择！首尾或上下段落呼应，复现解决问题！WhenGlenKrugerpickedasmallcatfromananimalshelter,hedidnotexpectmuch.Yetrightfromthestart,eightyearsago,therewasanuncommonconnectionbetweenhimandthesmallblackcat.He36herInky.“Igrewuponahundred-acrefarmandhadonlycats37playmates,”Kruger,Theseventy-year-oldman,says.“Myhearingwasdamagedbythe38offarmepuipment,soIlearnedtoconnectwith39.39.A.animalsB.friendsC.farmersD.neghbors46inapoolofbloodonthebasementfloor,Krugerfelt47goingintoshock（休克）.Heshoutedforhelp,48hiswife,Brenda,wasasleepintheirbedroomattheoppositeendofthehouse.49KrugernoticedInkywatchingfromthetopofthestairs.“GogetBrenda,”KruggersaidtoInky.Inky50tothebedroomdoorandscratched51untilBrendaopenedit.ThenInkyledhertothe52Brendafoundherhusband53thestairsandcalled911.52.A.bedroomB.basementCyardD.house通过同现解决问题！看到rushed后就知道很匆忙，故50空纠结时，通过同现校正答案，就不能误选C了，ran与rushed同现；51空是C还是D呢？Inky是猫，madly更贴切；53空，叫911送医院了，说明掉楼梯底下了。Inky50tothebedroomdoorandscratched51untilBrendaopenedit.ThenInkyledhertothe52Brendafoundherhusband53thestairsandcalled911.Krugerwasrushedtothehospital.50.A.walkedB.ranC.returnedD.withdrew51.A.rapidlyB.suddenlyC.madlyD.urgently53.A.atthebottomofB.inthemiddleofC.atthetopofD.inthefrontof第405页 通过正负解决问题！“Myhearingwasdamagedbythe38offarmepuipment,soIlearnedtoconnectwith39.Theyreacttowhattheyseeandwhatyoudo.”38.A.soundB.alarmC.noiseD.voice三、吴军英语阅读迅捷技巧+矩阵法则，挑战满分！找不到主旨句或四个选项都带中心词时，看出题点，即每段首尾句和有汉语标注的地方等，然后通过复现和同现就解决了！Astronautsonshortershuttlemissions（使命）oftenworkverylongdays.Tasksarescheduledsotightlythatbreaktimesareoftenusedtofinishtheday’swork.ThistypeofscheduteisfartoodemandingforlongmissionsontheInternaitionalSpaceSttation（ISS）.ISScrewmembersusuallyliveinspaceforatleastaquarterofayear.TheyworkfivedaysonandtwodaysofftomimicthenormalwaytheydothingsonEarthasmuchaspossible.Weekendsgivethecrewvaluable.Weekendsgivethecrewvaluabletimetorestanddoafewhoursofhousework.Theycancommunicatewithfamilyandfriendsbyemail,isternetphoneandthrohghPrivatevideoconferenes.Whileastronautscannotgotoabaseballgameoramovieinorbit,therearemanyfamiliaractiveticsthattheycanstillenjoy.Beforeamission.ThefamilyandfriendsofeachISScrewmemberputtogetheracollectionoffamilyphotos,messages,videosandreadingmaterialforTheastromautstolookatwhentheywillbefloating370kilometersabovetheEarth.Duringtheirmissiom,thecrewalsoreceivescarepackageswithCDs,books,magazines,photosandletters.Andasfromearly2010,theinternetbecameavailableontheISS,givingastronaoutsthechancetodosome“websurfing（冲浪）”intheirpersonaltime.Besidesrelaxingwiththesemorecommomentertainments,astromautscansimplyenjoytheexperienceoflivinginspace.ManyastronautssaythatoneofthemostrelaxingthingstodoinspaceistolookoutthewindowandstareattheuniverseandtheEarth’svastlandmassandoceans.63.Thepassagemainlydiscusseshowastronauts.（2012辽宁卷阅读B篇）A.workforlongermissionsinspaceB.connectwithpeopleontheEarthC.observetheEarthfromspaceD.spendtheirfreetimeinspace词汇13大解题思路使您茅塞顿开！本题仅用代入法就解决了问题！Astronautsonshortershuttlemissions（使命）oftenworkverylongdays.Tasksarescheduledsotightlythatbreaktimesareoftenusedtofinishtheday’swork.ThistypeofscheduteisfartoodemandingforlongmissionsontheInternaitionalSpaceSttation（ISS）.ISScrewmembersusuallyliveinspaceforatleasta第405页 quarterofayear.TheyworkfivedaysonandtwodaysofftomimicthenormalwaytheydothingsonEarthasmuchaspossible.Weekendsgivethecrewvaluable.Weekendsgivethecrewvaluabletimetorestanddoafewhoursofhousework.60.Whatdoestheword“minic”inParagraph1probablymean?（2012辽宁卷阅读B篇）A.FindB.CopyC.ChangeD.Lose找到minic这个动词的宾语way，waytheydothings做事的方式，Find发现？；Copy模仿？Change改变？Lose失去？waytheydothings做事的方式，当然是模仿做事的方式喽！A大于B，则选A。Inthepasttwodecades,theChinesestudiesprogramshavegainedhugepopularityinWesternuniversities.Morerecently,theChinesegovernmenthassetupConfuciusInstitutesinmorethan80countries.TheseschoolsteachbothChineselanguageandculture.ThemaincoursesofChinesecultureusuallyincludedChineseart,historyandphilosophy（哲学）.SomesocialscientistssuggestthatWesternersshouldtakeadvantagesoftheancientChinesewisdomtomakeupforthedrawbacksofWesternersphilosophy.StudentsintheUnitedStates,atthesametime,areracingtolearnChinese.SotheywillbereadyforlifeinaworldwhereChinaisanequalpowerwiththeUnitedStates.BusinessmenwhohopetomakemoneyinChinaarereadingbooksaboutConfuciustounderstandtheirChinesecustomers.65.WecanlearnfromParagraph4thatAmericanstudents______。（2012辽宁卷阅读C篇）A.haveagreatinterestinstudyingChineseB.takeanactivepartinChinesecompetitionsC.trytogethighscoresinChineseexamsD.fightforachancetolearnChinese65题根据题干关键字Americanstudents文章定位，就近原则参考点为racingtolearnChinese.有些同学在A和D之间纠结。如果确实区分有困难的话，可以根据“A大于D，则选A。”原则，则选A。矩阵法则解题:出题点;与中心词沾边;答案特征;答题步骤;核对规则.69.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?（2012辽宁卷阅读D篇）A.Thecustomerswhocannotpaycanwordasvolunteersinstead.B.MorevolunteerswillgotonewOrleansforthehurricanecleanup.第405页 C.Manynewcafeswillbeopenedtoofferfreelunchesinthetown.D.Thelunchmenuhasremainedthesamesincethecaféwasstarted.69题出题点在尾句,更有出题信号词instead ;选项中A是前后矛盾的句子,符合答案特征;选项A中含有的volunteers是文章反复出现的中心词,所以答案就可以选A了.四、洞穿7选5秘诀,吴军高考英语运筹帷幄！答题步骤:首句定位;排比;逻辑关系;指代+同现或复现;连接词+同现或复现;先易后难,缩小范围,从而高分突破!HowtoMakeFriendsFriendshipisaveryimportanthumanrelationshipandeveryoneneedsgoodfriends.Goodfriendshiphasmanybenefits.Itofferscompanionship,improvesself-worthandpromotesgoodhealth.Therearetimesinourlivessuchaswhenwehaverecentlymovedintoanewtown,orchangedourjobsorschools.Suchchangesoftenleavesuswithoutafriend71.Butformanyofustheprocessisdifficultandrequirescourage.Belowaresomehelpfulsuggestionsonhowtomakeandkeepfriends.1.Associatewithothers.Thefirststeptomakingfriendsisassociatingwithotherpeople.Youcangotopublicplacestomeetnewpeople.Besides,youwillneedtomakeyourselfknownbybecominganactivememberofsuchplaces.2.StartaconversationStartingaconversationisthesecondmostimportantstepinmakingnewfriends.72Youcanalwaysstarttheconversation.Beingabletomakesmalltalkisaveryusefulskillinrelatingwithotherpeople.3.73Choosingfriendswithcommoninterestsisimportantinbuildingfriendshipastheseinterestswouldalwaysbringyouandyourfriendtogether,Hangingoutwillalwaysbeapleasantexperience.4.Letitgrow.Itisagoodthingtostayintouch.However,trynottopressyournewfriendwithcalls,messagesorvisitsasthiswouldlikelywearhimorheroutandfinallyyoumayloseyourfriend.74.Thebestfriendshipsaretheonesthatgrownaturally.5.EnjoyyourfriendshipThebestwaytoenjoyyourfriendshipistoallowyourfriendstobethemselves.75Trynottochangethemfromwhotheyaretowhatyouwantthemtobe.Becomethekindoffriendyouwillwantyourfriendtobetoyou.第405页 A.Becheerful.B.Dothingstogether.C.Donotwaittobespokento.D.Trynottofindfaultwithyourfriends.E.Makingnewfriendscomeseasyforsomepeople.F.Forafriendshiptodevelopyouneedtostayintouch.G.Soyouwillneedtogiveyourfriendtimetoreacttoyou.71空发现复现词friend,根据吴军高考英语7选5法则转折关系(形容词或副词相反,转折),选E;72空根据吴军7选5法则同现原则,spokento与conversation关联,所以选C;73空看到每段都是祁使句,而只有B项中有与原文中的复现词together,所以选B;74空就近原则指代一致you,复现一致yourfriend,所以选G;75空后面有them,说明前面有复数名词,再加上否定句结构排比Trynotto,所以75空选D.五、改错探秘,吴军教案看7遍,错点全部找到！DearDiana,Thankyouforthelovelydaywehavewithyou.ItwassokindforyoutoletusbringAnne"shadoffriend.Gina.Unfortunate,theonlyproblemwasthejourneyhome.TherehadbeenaterribleUnfortunatelyaccidentonthehighwayand,foraresult,therewasalonglineoftrafficforatleastsixmile.Inasmilestheend,wedrovetoaservicestationandwaitedthereunlesstheroadwasclear.Inthecarparkuntilhere,Ginanearlygotknockedoveras∧cardroveoutfartooquicklyfrombehindalorry.TheythereaWefinallydroppedGinaoffatherparents"andmadeourownwaytohome.请购买2012高考英语3天提分秘诀教案(增购7选5和改错版)的顾客仔细核对:1.第1句have→had,参考吴军改错教案一23页,由后面的was可知，这儿应该用过去时态。2.第2句for→of,参考吴军改错教案二3页押中原题,It’skindofyou为固定用法。第405页 3.第3句Unfortunate→Unfortunately,参考吴军改错教案一18页押中原题,用副词作状语。4.第4句for→as,考吴军改错教案二2页,asaresult固定搭配。5.第4句mile→miles,参考吴军改错教案一4-5页,mile是可数名词，并且前面是six.6.第5句unless→until,考吴军改错教案二4-5页,这儿后面一句是一个时间状语从句，意思是我们一直等到路通了。7.第6句here→there,参考吴军改错教案一16-19页,叙述的是别的地方发生的事，所以用there.8.第6句car前加a,参考吴军改错教案一1页,car不是特指，并且是可数名词，所以前面要加a.9.第7句they→we,参考吴军改错教案一9页押中原题,叙述的是我们做的事，所以用we.10.第7句去掉to,参考吴军改错教案二2页押中原题,makeone’swayhome中home为副词，所以前面不用介词to。2013吴军高考英语迅捷提分秘术!版权所有,侵权必究!同行抄袭可耻,转载注明出处!二册上单词归类识记一、词中词（复合词）Unit1within;prep.with+in在里面；在……范围内；和……一起在里面undertakev;t.&vi.从事；着手做；承担(undertook,undertaken)；助记：在下边（地下）；从事（地下）工作;engagev.从事；订婚；gage抵押品；挑战；担保;agriculture;n.农业；农学；agri(土地）+culture文化，农业农学是一种文化（艺术）-ure名词后缀；research;n.探索；调查；研究;搜寻，查找；助记：单是寻找search还不够，要再研究调查，搜集资料wheelchair;n.轮，wheel轮+chair椅复习peel剥（削）皮disable;vt.使丧失能力dis不+able能够；使不能够做某事；disabledadj.残废的;intelligence;n.智力；天才；助记：在我头脑里就有天才的;misunderstandvt.误会，误解；助记：不理解；就在下边under站着stand，在下边站着就不会误会或误解;seek(sought,sought)vt.&vi.寻找；探索；追求;助记：寻找到kscanvt.浏览；助记：细看能看见“s”;比较skin（发音相似）;curious;adj.好奇地cur(e)IOUS好奇;observe;vt.观察；察觉；遵守；庆祝；助记：察觉ob在服役/务二、减字记忆法heaven；n.天；天空；词中词：have；he+ave+n;n.助记：他(w)在波浪似的天空；scientific;adj.科学的；-tific+ce-fic+stscience;n.科学scientist;n.(c不发音)；谐音“赛恩斯”science；第405页 consciencen.良心；良知；adj.conscious;清醒的；有意识/良知的；三、谐音matchv.火柴“默契”联想：match比赛;换一字march前进;行军，助记：两合“火柴行军比赛;patientadj.“拍pat”它t要“耐心patience”;scanv.助记：细看(scan)S形“浏览”;microphonen.麦克风;谐音boundaryn.助记：邦德bound（007主角）被绑在“边界”；sciencen.助记：赛恩斯先生对科学“C”保持沉默，c不发音;Unit2media;n.“媒”me体“体”是“宣传工具”;[pl.复数]medium;reliable;adj.可信赖的;rely=dependon确实是能够;复习：relic遗物；留下的遗物relic;是可靠的;reliable;valuableadj有价值的；贵重的responsible;honourable;unforgetable；firen.burning燃烧;flame;火焰;复习：fibre;纤维；纤维少了b才能燃烧;beonfire着火；对……充满热情/激情passion激情；热情;复习：emotion情绪;mood;心情,情绪;(精神)状态;[pl.]喜怒无常,脾气不好;face;n-vt.面对；正视;复习：meetwithsurfacen.表面;necklace项链;—acerace;n.种族；比赛;editvt.编辑;ditch;壕沟；排水沟editorn.编者；主笔；总编;editionn.版；版本;复习：publish;print;reasonn./vt.原因；道理;说服；推论;助记：说出真正real(儿子son的)理由；复习：real；cause;n.（引起某种结果/行动的直接）原因;causeandeffect原因与结果；真正的；真实的;reallyadv.realityn.真实；现实realizev.认识；领会;有道理的；推论；拓展：reasonable；reasonably；reasoningn.推理;rear;n.后部;rare;adj.稀罕的；珍奇的；难得;elect;vt.&vi.选举；推选;electricity；n；.电—ectreject；v.拒绝；联想：reflect反映respect；effect；subject；object;select；v.挑选；联想：connect;expectproject/protect;elephant;n.大象；形近correct；direct；collect；affect；lecture；protect；perfect；injurevt.损伤；损害；联想：injuryn.—uren.sure;future;measure;量（尺寸）；措施；联想：temperature温度；体温;treasuren.财富；近义词：harm;hurt;wound;rumour；n.谣言；传闻;换字：humour;幽默;rumour;honour;favour;colour;neighbour;informvt.通知；联想：in.form.ation消息；信息;informed消息；灵通的；见闻的;form;；n.形式；表格;联想：perform表演；演出;perform表演；演出;助记：Thebookworminuniformisinformed第405页 ofthestorm穿制服的书呆子得到暴风雨的消息。relate;；v.有关；涉及;联想：related相关的；涉及的;relative相关的；相对的；n.亲戚;relation；n.关系;联想：inrelationto;talent；n.天资；天赋；才能；联想：talented；adj.联想：gift;genius;intelligent;able;ability;talen.故事；传说;lent借lend过去式;switch；v.开关；转换；助记：女巫witch用魔法（wit）/机智转换开关；联想：switchon=turnon;witch;n.女巫；witchcraft魔法；妖术;present；n.礼物；助记：（提前pre送sent礼物）adj.在场；出席vt.呈现；描述；介绍；赠送；助记：presence；n.出席；在场；存在;effort；n.努力;联想：effect影响；结果;passion；n.助记：热情很快过去；联想pass;passenger客人；乘客;spirit;n.精神，酒精联想：spiritualadj.inspiration;灵魂mind;soul;spiritual;AIDS;n.艾滋病；AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome;addict;vt.使沉溺；使入迷;上瘾;助记：加上添加ict就会上瘾/入迷beaddictedto=belostin;复习：drug毒品/药；medicine,pill;drawone"sattentionto/beattracted;address;n.地址；-icstrict严厉（格）的；districtn.地段街区;ignorevt.不顾；忽视；联想：paynoattention;turnadeafearto;takenonoticeof不注意；忽视;attention;n.注意；专心；留心；联想：at.ten.tion；attentiveadj.专心致志地;复习：payattentionto注意；专心;-oremore;bore厌烦;score(二十）therefore；因此;tolerate;vt.容忍；忍受;词中词：to;let;ate;late;rate;复习：bear;stand;忍受;rate;比率;hate；cross;脾气不好的；易怒的;patient耐心的-anger；angry;locate;v.坐落于；位于;location;位置；position;affair;n.事情;复习：matter,thing,event(大事）;fair公平的，好的;social;adj.社会的;society;n.社会；音近:appreciate;欣赏；感激;ocean海洋;socialism;adj.社会主义的；社会主义者;commune;v.亲近，亲密；relative;亲属；亲戚;community社区；乡村居委会;concernvt./n使担忧；烦恼；负责；牵连;担心；忧虑；焦急；形近词：concert音乐会;asfaras…concerned就……而言;telegram;n.电报;复习：联想：telescope望远镜;telegram电报telephone电话;complete；vt.完成；结束复习：compete完全；完美;比赛；助记（让宠物pet来比赛）;retire;；vi.退休；退职；撤退;联想：tire使累；使厌倦;bearv.使厌烦;bear出生bear忍受；负担（bear,bore,born）；同音同形：bearbear/keepinmind牢记在心;learn......byheart;attituden.态度;第405页 conclude推断/推理；conclusion;n.复习：include;包括;disappoint;vt.使失望；受挫折;point点appoint指定；约定；任命；委派;adj.+ing/ed复习：disappointmentn.guardn.守卫；警戒；保卫；门卫;yard庭院；校园；card卡片;复习：defend保（守）卫keeponwatch;citizen;n.公民；市民；居民；citizenship;polluter;n.污染者；污染源；-ute;pollute;pollution;poll;n.民意测验，舆论调查;pull推;update;vt.联想：up.date;更新；改造；最新的；upward向上;upstairs上楼;Unit3arch.itec.ture;n.建筑；联想：arch;n.弓形门；弧形;architectn.建筑师，制造者;arcticadj.北极的；ArcticOcean北冰洋;反义词：ant.arctic南极;NorthPole北极；联想：Antarctic;prefer.ence;n.偏爱；偏好；喜好；优先;prefer";v.喜欢；宁愿;名词后缀;referv.提及；涉及；参考referencen.参考；提到；参照；引用；参照物;—ence复习：confidence信心fence篱笆；栅栏defencen.保卫;design;vt.&n.设计；计划;signn.标志；记号；招牌；签名联想：resign放弃；辞职assign分配；指定;furnituren.家具（总称）；复习：leather皮革；皮制品;feather羽毛;fur皮毛；幼物）毛皮；毛皮制品;furs;further更大；更远;skin动植物的）皮;a(n)piece/articleoffurniture一件家具;-ure；ture;cure治愈；矫正;pure纯的；sure确实的；insure保险;pressure压力;measure;尺寸agriculture农业;future将来;lecture演讲mixture混合物picture图片;adventure;冒险temperature;温度literature文学;tasten.&v.对称；爱好；鉴赏；味道；味觉；换一字：waste;浪费；花费;sofan.沙发；couch;modernadj.谐音“摩登”;现代的；时髦的;复习：ancient；out-of-time；out-of-date;类似谐音外来词汇归纳：modern摩登的；guitar吉它；jeep吉普；card卡片；e-mail伊妹儿；shampoo香波/洗发精；honeyn.蜂密；花密；宝贝儿；亲爱的；honeybee蜜蜂；复习：money;grey;gray;monkey;obey；fashionn.式样；model;模型；convenientadj.方便的；con-第405页 复习;control;conclude；contribute；contribution；connect；consider；continent；containcontest;continue;conveniencen.concert；concern；condition；confident；confidence；conflict；block;n.街区；大建筑；大块（固体）;—ockcock;lock;sock;shock;clock助记：公鸡穿着袜子，刁着钟锁在大建筑里很吓人;apartment;;n.公寓房间分成一部分;apart分开;stylen.风格；式样；作风;复习：fashion:pattern,model;stand;承担联想：bear,support,suffer;passagen.段落；走道；过道；助记：pass+age;chapter章节;复习：passenger乘客passport:护照;passion热情passive被动的；消极的;uglyadj.丑陋的；难看的复习：nice;beautiful;handsome;pretty;drug药；毒品sugar糖;luggage行李;struggle斗争；奋斗;construct;v.建造；建设;structure结构;construction建设;instruction;n.指令；指示;instruct;;v.production生产；产品;product产品;produce生产;steal；(同音异形词)v.偷steel钢；iron铁；gold金；silver银;concrete;n.混凝土；具体的事物;adj.具体的；有形的；实在的复习：反义词abstract抽象的;;n.摘要;secret秘密;impress;vt.　铭刻；给……深刻的印象;联想：impression;have/leaveimpressionon;press;v.压；按杂志；出版物；言论界;联想：dress穿裙子；衣服;address地址;v.压；按杂志；出版物；言论界;Themandepressedbythepressurefromthepressexpressedtheimpressiononhim.那个受到来自新闻界压力压抑的人表达了他的印象;联想：dress穿裙子；衣服;address地址;affect;;v.影响；换一字effect影响；结论;roof屋顶；顶部；联想：roofs复数只加s;chiefs;handkerchiefs;gulfs;cliffs;proofs；助记：酋长戴着手帕；爬上房顶，看着悬崖，准备跳进海湾．balcony;n.阳台；复习chimney烟囱　lawn草坪;pass走栏；走道;fantastic;;adj.奇异的；荒诞的；fan爱好者；狂热者；……迷;taste兴趣；口味;fantasy;n幻想;空想；fancy幻想；想象；谐音："范特西";create;vt.创造；创作；创建联想：；creative;creation;复习：construction建设;助记：创造是为了吃　ate;sailn./v.帆；蓬;航行;sailor船员；海员；联想：fail失败mail邮寄nail指甲；钉子;-ailtail尾巴;tailor裁缝;　rail铁轨;pail桶;　snail蜗牛;tailor;裁缝;　rail铁轨"trail小路；小径;　detail细节"wail恸哭；哀求;medium(复数media)　媒体;方法;媒介；stand　n.看台；助记：站着看露天体育赛很悲哀;belong;vi.联想：own拥有；属于某人的;第405页 paint;vt./n涂；颜料；油漆；颜料；涂料;换一字：联想：faint晕倒；昏倒；模糊；茫然;词中词:pain疼痛；痛苦;asideadv.边；侧面；方面；观点；联想：side;takesides支持；站在……一边;sidebyside并肩;shouldertoshoulder;rentv.租用；租金;换一字：lent;bent;developv.发展；冲洗（底片）d联想：evelop(ment);eve除夕；envelope信封;poemn.诗；韵文；诗体文;联想：poet诗人poetrythem;problem;enemyn.敌人反义：friend;chemistryn.化学;联想：chemist药剂师；chemics;extremelyadv.极端；极其;联想：extreme;emptyadj./v空的;倒空;反义：full;attemptn.∕v.尝试;联想：trial;effort;regretn.∕v.遗憾;形近词:secret秘密的；forget忘记；联想：let;net网pet宠物;set放;-etwet潮湿yet;get;met;upset扰乱；使心烦;carpet地毯;intention;;n.意图；目的；打算;词中词tent帐篷;联想：intend打算；计划;recite;v.背诵;b联想：ite咬;kite风筝;quite很;非常;spite不管despite不管；不顾;-itewrite;white;excite激动;site遗址；场所；遗迹;invite邀请;madadj.疯狂的;精神错乱的；近义词:crazy;bad;dad;glad;sad;lad;小伙伴;madam(e);n.夫人；助记：夫人是跳堤坝;mad女人;dame贵夫人;dam的;damn;v.咒骂；指责;联想：damned被诅咒的；该死的;pattern;n.模式；方式；典型；式样;近义词:model模型type类型;style风格；方式;fashion;n.方式；做法；流行；时尚；patent;n./adj.专利的；明显的;dialogue;n.对话；对白;复习:line台词stage　舞台;同义词：conversation　对话联想：dial拨（电话）;dial119打119;log圆木;原木;dialect方言;diamond；联想：diary日记;sort;n./v.种类;类型;分类整理;联想：kindtype类型;种类;short短;sport运动;（加字记忆法）;fantasy;;n.想象；幻想;特色（谐音）词中词：fan(球)迷；近义词：imaginationfancy;loneliness;n.孤独；寂寞；联想：sadness;近义词：sorrow;grammar;n.语法;助记：ram前后对称RAMMAR；词中词：gram克（重量单位，简写g);hammer锤；联想：program(programme)节目；项目；程序;归类记忆：vocabulary词汇(sentence)pattern句型;(grammar)structure结构;glory;;n.光荣；荣誉；联想：lorry四轮马车；truck卡车；glorious；光荣的loyal；忠诚的;absence;n.缺习；不在;联想：absent;adj.absent-minded心不在焉的；difference不同点;第405页 district;n.地区；区域;同义词：area；reigon；strict严格的；严肃的conflict冲突;atmosphere;n.气氛；情绪；大气层;相关词：cloud云；smog烟雾；fog雾；atoms原子；粒子;passion　；热情;联想：;beonfirefor;spiritualadj.精神上的；心灵的;merely　仅仅；只不过；联想：here；where；there；simply;introduce;v.介绍；联想：intro向内　－duc-引导；生产；educate；education　教育;-ducproduce生产；conduct指导；conductor列车员;translatev.翻译;联想：translationn.trans　越过；超；转换transport　运输；交通;-atefortunate;graduate;date;gate;;hate;late;plate;skate;transplant;;classmate;;state;playmate;talent天赋;联想：tale故事；传闻；传说;tail　尾巴　pale　灰色的sale卖；销售;shade;n.阴凉；树荫；荫；暗部;联想：;sad悲哀的；悲伤的;grade等级；年级;联想：comrade　同志；persuade说服；trade商业；贸易;extraordinaryadj.特别的；平常的;联想：extra　特别的；额外的;ordinary普通的；平常的;idiom;n.习语；成语；习惯用法;联想：IDI对称;dustn./adj.灰尘；尘土;灰的；脏的；联想：just　刚刚；仅仅；公平的trust　信任；相信；industryn.工业;custom　习惯；crow;n.鸦；乌鸦；联想：blow吹；爆flow　流动；grow　生长；变成;cow母牛；奶牛low　低；show；snow　；throw扔；crowd　人群；拥挤　;powder　粉末；bowl碗；brown；town；downtown商业区；narrow弓箭;apart;adv.相隔;相距；助记：相隔一部分距离;联想：depart离去；离开；department部门；部分;essay;n.论说文；散文；随笔；联想：description;　描写（叙述）；记叙文；argument　议论文;gay;adj.　快乐；欢呼lay放；搁；（下）蛋;联想：delay推迟;recommend;vt.推荐；介绍；词中词：mend　补；修理;comma逗号;command命令；指挥;common;adj.普通的；共同的联想：;commerce商业commerical商业的;contribute;vi.贡献；捐献;联想：contribution;n.贡献attributive形容的；修饰的；attribute;n./v.特质；属性;归因于；归咎于;Unit5consist;vi.由……组成；构成;i联想：nsist　坚持;复习:makeup;bemdeupof;mystery;n.秘密；神秘;mysterious;assistant;助手;state;n.国家；政府；州；部门;联想：country国家；乡村county县；郡;statement;n.陈述；叙述；stateofmatters(materials)：gas-solid-liquid;第405页 powerful;adj.强大的；强有力的;联想：power力；功率；能力；力量；动力；电力　；幂乘方;mistaken;adj.错误的；弄错的；联想：mistake弄错；误会;narrow;adj.狭隘的；狭窄的;arrow　弓箭；箭头;republic　;共和国（体）;联想：;public公开的；公众的;联想：pub酒吧;publish;Europe;n.欧洲;联想：European欧洲的;hope;telescope;　望远镜;form;vt./n形成；构成表格；形式;形近词：from从；来自perform表演；演出performance;联想：formal　外形的；正式的；合乎礼仪的;former　从前的；以前的；前者;formula;n.公式；分子式formation形成；构成;Ａtlantic　;adj./n太平洋的太平洋;联想：lane小路；　lance长矛；鱼叉lantern灯笼；提灯;traffic;n.交通;联想：plastic塑料;basic基本/础的;联想：historic历史的music;logic逻辑topic话题;generaladj.一般的；普通的;联想：gene基因;commonordinary普通的；共同的;inflence;n.影响；作用;联想：effect影响；结果impress给……留下印象；影响;affect影响;fluency;n/adj.流畅；流利;联想：fluent流利的；流畅的fence篱笆;联想：defenece防卫；捍卫difference不同点;区别;pence(penny);（便士）复数;-enceconference会议commence开始analysis;分析;联想：basis基础；根据;基本原则;base基础;基底;地基;根据bases复数;sheet;n.被单；床单；薄板;联想：quit被子asheetofpaper一张纸feet脚meet;sweet甜的grain;n.谷物;谷类植物；联想：rain下雨；下雨才能长谷物;brain大脑；train火车；chain;-ainmain主要的；联想：pain疼痛；certain山脉；Spain西班牙；curtain窗帘;Srainbrainonthetrainisrestrained.在列车上过度用脑受到约束.Thegainedgraindrainedawaywiththerain,allthepainswereinvainagain.收获的谷物随雨水流失了,所有辛劳又白费。-wardeastward；southward；northwardtoward　朝；向afterwards后来；以后;approachvt.向……靠近；接近；联想：closetogo/comenear靠近；appreciate欣赏；感激；高兴;access进入；接近；方法（途径）;Unit6prediction;n.预言；预报；预告;联想：diction　措辞；用字;dictionary　字典;dictation　听写;predictv.预言；预测;联想：prepare准备;pre-提前；预先;　forecast；预测；预报president；　总统；董事长;precious　贵重的；宝贵的;　联想：predicate　表语;preface序言／文;prefecture县府；地区；专区;prefix前缀-surfix后缀prefix前缀-surfix后缀;present礼物；呈献；出席;联想：president　总统；董事长;president总统；董事长exact;adj.精确；正确的；严谨的;联想：exactly;inactive不积极的；被动的;positive；forecastn./v.预测；预报;联想：fore前；提前forehead前额；脑门fortell预言；预测;第405页 fore+foresee预测;联想：foresight远见;forest森林;forefinger食指broadcastn./v.广播;联想：cast;投；抛；掷;cast;trend;n.倾向；趋势；时尚;联想：fashion;减一字：tend；照顾；倾向;contemporaryadj.当代的；现代的;联想：current当今的；流行的；时尚的;currency货币；temorary临时的;【串记】Becauseofthetemperaturetempo,Itemporarilylosttempertomycontemporaryinthetemple.由于温度进度的原因，我在庙里一时地同代人发了脾气。Theemptyempire"semperormadeanattempttotemptthecontemptuousman.空虚帝国的皇帝试图诱惑那个轻蔑的人。indicate　;vt.表明；象征；预示;联想：predict;porecast;symble;象征；show；-atecreate；tolerate；graduate；updateurbanadj.城市的；都市的;联想：rural乡村的；田园的;ruralscenery田园风光city城市;countryside农村county县;ensure　v.保证；担保；保护；保卫;联想：guard;defend;insuranle　保险;system;n.系统；网；制度；体制;联想：sister　妹妹;system茎；树干；叶（果）柄；茎状物;;symbol　象征;联想：sympathy　同情心;synthesis;synthesize　综合；合成;consumern.消费者；用/客户;联想：consume;sum总结；小结summary总结；摘要goods商品；货物；good复习：tradebusiness；purchase购买；购置物;联想：chase追赶；追求;bargain购买；讲价；讨价还价;tinyadj.极小；微小的;联想：tin罐头；听筒;huge　巨大的;check；支票；chepue;cash　现金；;联想：cashcrops经济作物;cash　现金；现款;remainvi.保持不变；剩下;联想：main　主要的;stay;keep;importancen.重要性;联想：import出口;entrance入口；通道;distance距离performance演出；表演;regularadj.有规律地；规则的;联想：irregular不规则的;medicaladj.医学的；医疗的;联想：medicine药；医学;chemical；physical；political;dealn./v.对付；处理；分配;（dealtdealt);dealwith;dowith;handle;physician;n.医生；内科医师;联想：musician;politician政客；政治家;physical物理学(P.E体育课）cure;n./v.治疗；治愈;联想：treat;incuriable　不可治疗的；无法治愈的;biochemistry;n.生物化学;联想：biology；chemistry;educate;v.教育;联想：educator教育家；教育者;education教育;distance;n.远处；远方；距离;联想：distant距离/远的;assistant辅助的；助手assistance援助;hopeful;adj.有希望的；怀有希望的;promising有希望（前途）的;cheat;vt./vi.欺骗;联想：heat热；加热;chat聊天;hat帽子wrist;腕；腕关节;联想：wristwatch手表;分类记忆：palm手掌；掌心thumb拇指　;forefinger食指arm手臂shoulder;elbow第405页 ;肘；胳膊肘（writ;knee;ankle踝等的弯曲部分）;require;vt.vi要求；需要;联想：request　需要；要求;need;demand;复习:一坚持insist；二命令order;command；三建议advise;suggest;recommend；四要求；require;demand;request;urge;(宾语从句中常用should加原形；)programme；n./v节目；计划；规划；程序;按计划；列入节目单;联想：progress进步；project项目；规划;reality；n.现实；真实;联想：real;activity　活动；活动性;absurd;adj.荒谬的；不合理的；荒唐的;un联想：reasonable不合理的;abstract抽象;incredible;beancurd豆腐；Unit7quiz；n.竞赛；比赛;联想：test测试;match；n./v.比赛;联想：math竞赛;compete；false；adj.错误的；假的；伪造的;错误；联想：fault;error错误;mistaken；virus；n.病毒；病原体；毒素;联想：thus因而；如此；via　凭借；通过；经过；经由;联想：visa　签证；在护照上签证；blood；n.血液;flood洪水；水灾;联想：food　食物;goods　商品；货物;good;wood木头;wooden木制的；注意：-oo-oo　除“食物food”发长音外，其余发短音;（脚短食物长）prevention；n.预防；阻止；联想：prevent；v.event事情；事件；defensive；adj.defensive；防御的；防守的；防卫;联想：defenceless无防备的；fencen.篱笆；栅栏;联想：defence防卫；保卫;defend等于guard;protect保护；保卫；persuade;vt.说服；劝说;联想：advise　劝说；劝告;advice；　illness;n.病；疾病;联想：disease;treatment;n.治疗；对待；处理;联想：cure　治疗incurable不可治疗的;curious　好奇的；deal　对待；处理；　regard/lookon……as;unprotected;adj.无防卫的；无保护的;联想：protect；defend；prevent;sex　性别;fax;n.传真;tax税；联想：wax　蜡;next；text;lackn./v.缺乏；没有;back;adj.black黑色；联想：pack包；行李;track足迹；行踪backpack背包;attack进攻；袭击;proper;adj.合适的；适当的;联想：suitable合格的;right;probably;adv.可能地;联想：pro-　向前；代理;progress;pronoun;projoct;programme-per每个；per-全；透；贯；完全;perfect　完全的；完美的;联想：persuadeavailable；adj.可利用的；可达到的；有效的;avail有用；有利；有效；discourage；vt.使泄气；使失去信心;联想：courage勇气;discouraged;discouraging；cheer　；v.使兴奋；使高兴;联想：pioneer;先驱enpineer;montaineer　登山者specialist　；n.专家；专科医生;联想：expert专家第405页 specialadj.专门的；特别/殊的;联想：especial特别;particular特殊的；特定的；个别的；个人的；meaningful；adj.有意义的;意味深长的;联想：mean;meaning意思；涵义fierceadj.激烈的；凶猛的；强烈的;联想：fire火一般的；猛烈;strong;wildcell；n.细胞；小房间；单人房间;联想：cellphone=mobile　手机；radiation；n.放射；发射；辐射;联想：radio；power　；n.力；力量;联想：powerful;recover；v.重新找到；弥补;discoveruncover　揭开;remove　移走；搬开；rely；vi.依靠；dependon;relic遗址；fightv.struggle斗争；奋斗；+with/against/forcountrary；adj.相反的；相对的;联想：country　国家；乡村;opposite　相对；相反；对面；-ary;-rylibrary;dictionary;contrast　对照；对比；categoryn.种类；类别；范畴;联想：cat　猫;glory光荣;kind;sort；type类别；类型；；Unit8aid；n.援助；救助；助手;联想：help；assitance　帮助；救助；drown；v.溺死;联想：dawn　黎明；拂晓dask　黄昏down;　向下;drawn画画(drow)过去分词；flood　洪灾；水灾;联想：bleed(bled;bled)　出血；流血；choke　窒息；呛住;联想：coke=cocacola　可乐；焦炭；wire；n.电览；电线；金属丝;联想：fire;tire;retire;hire;admire；container；n.容器；集装箱;联想：contain　包括；包函；容纳;certain　肯定；确定；electrical；adj.电的;联想：eletricity;电;electric电的；和电的；scream；vi.呼啸，发出刺耳的声音;联想：cream;乳酪;icecream　冰棋淋;team队；团队；组witness；vt.目堵；目击；证据；目击者联想：;wit　机智；智力；心智；智慧；witch　；n.女巫;　联想：witchcraft　魔法；妖术；proof；n.证据;　联想：evidence　证据；证明wisdom　；n.智慧;联想：intelligence　智力;kingdom;calmadj./v镇静；宁静的;平静;联想：quiet　安静;silent　无声;still　静止；不动；panic；v./n.惊慌；恐慌;联想：picnic野炊；野餐;hurry匆忙;inahurryumbulance；n.救护车;助记：俺不能死；tip；n.v.小费；顶尖；赏钱；尖端；指示;使倾斜；给小费;联想：top顶端;pit洞；坑；陷阱;dip；slight；adj.轻微；少量；纤细的;联想：light　轻的;flight航班；飞行；chest；n.胸膛；胸腔;联想：;nest　巢;rest　休息;circulate；vi.循环；环流；流通;联想：circle循环；circular圆形的；环形的;circulation循环；pulse；n.脉搏；跳动;谐音：怕尔死：词中词：use;bloodvessel　血管；脉管；第405页 wound；n.创口；伤口；创伤;联想：harm；hurt；injure；injury;found创造；建立；成立；缔造；blanket；n.毛毯;联想：carpet　地毯;blanket空格;bracket括号;　blankmotorcycle；n.摩托车;联想：motor　发动机;motto　箴言；格言;motorbike；electric；bike电动车；sudden；adj.suddenly;allofasudden　突然;（by)accident/chance意外tape；n.磁带;tap　水龙头;联想：pat　轻拍;loose　；adj.松散的；减一字：　lose　丢失;联想：tight　紧的;firm　紧；坚固的;bandage　；n.（谐音）邦狄牌绷带；band　乐队；explanation；n.explainv.解释pronounce；v.发音pronunciation；联想：noun名词；pronoun代词；Unit9ecology；n.生态；生态学；联想：technology技术biology生物学;eco-system/environment生态环境coal；n.煤;联想：coat　衣服；外衣;charcoal炭;carbon;summarise；v.概括；总结;s联想：ummary总结；概括;sumup　总结;summer　夏天；content；n./adj内容；目录;满意；满足的;s联想：atisfied;satisfying;tent帐篷；representative；n.代表；典型;联想：represent代表；呈献;present　出现；呈现killer　；n.杀手；杀虫剂；止疼药;联想：murderer　谋杀者；杀人犯;pain-killer　止痛药；access；n.接近；进入；进入／接近的方法;联想：approach=close　接近；进入；靠近；violence；n.侵犯；强/猛烈;联想：violent强/猛烈的;fence篱笆defence保卫;sentence句子commenceconflict；n.冲突;联想：demonstration　示威；游行parade　peace；n.和平;联想：atwar　交战;pea;war;found“屁是我放的”perprep.每；每一；按照;联想：percent　百分之;period时期；时代alternative；；adj.n.选择的;两者取一;联想：alter改变;native;本族的；土著的;nativelanguage　本族语defend；n./adj.防卫；保卫；为……辩护；联想：defence;guard;protect;incorrect；adj.不正确的；不妥当的;联想：correct正确的;correct正确的;incomplete　不完全的affect；vt.影响；感动;联想：effectn.影响；作用；效果;perfect完美的;object物体;-ectsubject科目；主题；文体;联想：expect期待；期望;collect收集；聚集;direct直接的；respect尊敬;profect保护；保卫;lecture演讲;premier；n.总理；首相;联想：prime　主要的；首要的;primeminister　首相；总理；primary　第一的；首要的；基本的;联想：primaryschool　小学；stress；vt.着重；强调;压力；紧张;联想：actress　女演员;dress　裙子;address　地址;tension；n.拉紧；张力；紧张；不安;联想：tense;紧张的；tent;tend;第405页 equality；n.相等；平等；公平;联想：equal;fair;fairness;cruelty残忍；残酷responsibility；n.责任；责任心;联想：responsible负责的;respond负责；回答;beauty；difficrlty；willingness；n.愿意；心甘情愿;联想：content;willing愿意的；甘愿的;　情愿的;harmonyn.协调；和谐；和睦联想：;harm伤害；损坏wipe；vt.擦；揩;联想：pipe管子；烟斗;ripe熟的；成熟的；script；n.手稿;联想：description描述;describeadvise；vt.劝告；劝说；提建议;联想：advice建议；意见;persuade说服；劝说；Unit10frighting；adj.害怕；恐惧;联想：frightened;surprising;frightening;shockedterrified;surprised;frightened;shocking;;terrifing；hurrycane；n.飓风；联想：hurry　匆忙;cane　棍子;erupt；v.爆发；喷发；联想：hurry　匆忙；cane　棍子;interrupt;打扰；interrupt；v.打扰；干扰;联想：disturb;bother;bury；v.埋葬；掩藏;联想：;funeral;tomb　坟墓comb　梳子;ash；n.灰；灰尘;联想：trash垃圾;rubbish;dirt;dust;污垢dirty脏的;flash动画；mud烂泥sudden；adj.突然的；意外的;联想：allofasudden;suddenllyspot　；n.少量；点;联想：sport　运动’;pot;sight；n.情景；视线；视觉；视野;联想：;fight；light；night；right；tight;sign叹息-ightslight轻微的;flight飞行；航行kight;fright恐惧delight高兴mightmay（过去时）　flee；v.逃走;run；away；联想：escape；(fled;fled);fee;费用；free;urgevt./n催促；强烈希望；鼓励;强烈的欲望;联想：edge边缘border　边界arrival；n.到达;联想：arrive+at/in;(小/大地方)；survival　幸存；trialbath；n.浴缸；浴室;联想：athe洗澡;bathtubepillow；n.枕头;联想：low　低的;联想：pillow　枕头要靠低的，靠高了要吃药pill（药片／药丸；　immediately；adv.立即；马上;联想：atonce;immediate;adj.　fresh　；adj.新鲜的;联想：flesh　肌肉;flash　闪烁；动漫；web　网；联想：WWW　世界万维网；net　网；　internet　因特网；inch　英寸;联想：foot(feet)　英尺；board；n./v船弦；甲板；登机；上船;联想：onboard在（船/甲板/机）上；blackboard；黑板形近字：broad宽的；广阔的steamboat　；n.汽船；汽轮;联想：steam蒸气;gas煤气；汽油;unbelievable；adj.不可相信的；难以置信的;联想：uncomfortable　不舒适的;believe　相信；-ableunreasonable毫无道理的;unthinkable不可想象的;unimaginable不可想象的第405页 crash；n./v破裂；崩溃;坠毁;联想：trash垃圾;dash冲；跑；破折号aloud；adv.大声地；高声地;联想：loud大声；高声的;readaloud朗读;　speakaloud;reading　；n.读数；阅读；联想：read;swear；vi./vt.诅咒；宣誓(sworesworn);联想：wear　穿；戴(woreworn)；词组短语：asthough=asif;livetrough　度过；经受住;allofasudden=suddenly　突然knockabout　漫游;onboard　上船;calmdown镇静，平静drawlone’sattentionto吸引注意力athand在手边advisesb.(not)todosth.劝某人（不）做某事advisedoing建议做某事wipeout消灭，擦干净takepartin参加inharmonywith与……协调theUN-UntiedNation联合国incaseof假使，以防inthecaseof在……情况下alistof清单keepinmind记住freefrom不受……影响payattentionto注意contributeto为……作贡献=makecontributiontoingeneral一般地，大体地lightup照亮；使……放光彩playwith玩耍；游戏callup召唤；使想起fillupwith用……装fallinlovewith爱上……relate…to与……有关goup上升，增长cheerup使振奋；使高兴起来put…together把……结合成整体；装配二册下单词速记第405页 Unit11solaradj.太阳的；日光的，比较：sun太阳　grammar语法；particular特别的，比较：lunar阴历的，月球的，lunarcalendar阴历mankind人类，联想man,humanbeing,people,person,constitution;n.宪法；basiclaw;联想constitute;v.组成；构成；任命；设立institute;n.协会；学会support;v.&n.支持；维持；赡养；复习：supper;port,super超级daily日常的；每日的=everyday复习:friendly;lively;likely;lovelyachieve;v.获得；取得复习achievement词中词ache疼痛economyn.经济联想economicadj.经济的zonen.地区；地带；形近area,belt;district;timezone时区bone骨头;形近clone;克隆tone音调；phone电话;private私人的；个人的反义public复习形近gate;mate;rate;hate;fate;late;(　大门；同伴；比率；讨厌；命运；迟到)grasp;vt.抓住；掌握；理解形近grass草＝master,catch;follow;understandperfect;adj.完美的；极好的，绝对的；arrange;v.安排；筹划　词中词range范围，setfootin＝到达，涉足；踏上;have/leaveaneffecton影响，产生作用；对……有效果;relyv;.依靠；　依赖；　指望；relyon依靠　；依赖　；指望;dependon;failure;n.失败;　失败的人（事）;联想fail;success;cometolife　活跃　；苏醒过来;valley　　;n.　山谷，溪谷；　低凹处base　　　　　基地；　根据地　；底部;mark　;n.　标志　表示　做记号　打分数agency　　;n.机构　;代理处形近agent代理商organ　　;n.器官比较:organize组织；organization;n.组织;forward向前比较：向后backward;toward朝；向；afterward后来；以后upward向上；downward向下;putforward提出；建议；推荐；同义recommend;breakthroughn.突破；突围;比较：breakthough;march　;n.前进；　行军比较 ：March　三月；换一字：r—tmatch比赛（谐音：默契）;aim　v&n目的；目标；瞄准；近义purpose;goalaim(sth.)at旨在；　目的在于；瞄准;announce　　;vt.宣布；　宣告；=declare词中词noun名词　announcement　　;n.　evolution;n.发展；　进化；　revolution革命battle　　;n.战斗；　战役；　比较：　fight;struggle;bat蝙蝠；　拍子；球拍strategy;n..助记吃ate的策略Unit12fiction;n.小说=novel；形近dictionary字典;第405页 belief;n.信仰；信念=faith复习trust;believein;ballon;n.气球；助记气球是球ballbotany;n.植物学；复习biology;生物学zoology;动物学geography；地理学apply;n.应用；申请联想application;n.applyto/for向……申请；应用appliedadj.应用的；实用的比较apple;appreciate欣赏；感激;servant;n.仆人；公务员联想servevt.服务;whale;n.鲸鱼；词中词hale强壮的；矫健的比较pale;tale苍白的；故事传说;huntern.猎人词中词huntn.打猎；搜索减一字nhut小屋；棚子huntfor=searchfor/lookfor寻找collision;n.碰撞；冲突；同义conflictcompanion;n.同伴；伙伴联想company;公司；accompany陪伴；陪同permanentn.永久的；永恒的助记per.man.ent每个per男人man都是永恒的guestn.客人联想主人;东道主host；乘客passenger比较master;guest注意u字母不发音voyage;n.航行；比较travel;journey;trip;tour；flight飞行；航班iron;n..铁；联想metal；copper;gold;silver;tin金属/铜/金/银/锡environment环境中有铁ironaboard;adv.在船/机/车上；上船；登机;词中词board木板；cupboard;blackboard橱柜/黑板比较abroadadv.到国外/海外lamp;n.灯；油灯联想light电灯换一字damp潮湿的dislike;vt.不喜欢同义hateprisoner;n..囚犯；犯人prison监狱gentle;adj.温柔/和的近义soft;kind联想gentleman绅士marble;n.大理石jade玉石；珠宝shore;n.岸；海边；近义beach;coastluggage;n.行李(总称)近义baggage;形近cabbage白菜brilliant;n.辉煌的；杰出的；耀眼的；近义outstanding；remarkable;extraordinaryphenomenon;n.现象；(复数)phenomena助记没有no男人men在onPHE上的现象;labour;n.劳动；助记我们的our劳动在实验室lab干;hesitate;n.犹豫；踌躇助记他he犹豫地作着sit吃ate;butcher;n.屠夫谐音bu不切她hercurtain;n.窗帘；助记肯定certain要挂窗帘;lip;n.嘴唇；换一字dip浸泡；tip小费；提示;Unit13第405页 cube;n.立方体/块形近tube试管cubic;adj.立方体的；square平方的；广场sailor;n.海员；船员；水手sail航行benefit;n&v..利益；好处;transport;n.&v.运输；运送transportation;range;vi.在一定范围内变化；变动形近arrange安排;unique;adj.唯一；独特助记唯一的选择就是“由你去/克”（谐音）;hydrogen;n.氢;形近dragon龙oxygen;n.氧词中词ox牛；公牛；relative;adj.相对的；;n.亲属；亲戚联想relate;related;relation;relativity;berelatedto；relationship;solid;n.&adj.固体；固体的；坚固的；联想液体liquid;词中词so+lid如此“坚固的”盖子lidfreezing;n.&adj.冰点；极冷的；冰冷的；freeze;v.结冰词中词free自由的freedom自由;pureadj.纯净的形近sure;gramme=gram;n.克；形近grammar语法programme;节目；项目hammer锤联想kilogram（me）千克；telegram电报，mass;n.质量；团；大块；比较；quality;质量quantity数量float;v..飘；漂流形近boatdecrease;v.变小；减少联想反义increase增加substance;n.物质；主旨；stance例子=example形近subject;物体subway地铁；distance距离centigrade;adj..摄氏温度词中词cent分+grade度；percent百分之；recent最近的absorb;n.吸收；吸引同义attract,drawinthus;adv.如此=so;形近bus;plus加上stable;adj.稳固的；牢固的=steady；solid；助记桌子table是稳固的sensitivea;dj.敏感的；灵敏的；联想sense感觉；感官；trust.;v.相信；信任=believein联想faith;belief;havefaith/beliefinnursery;n.保育院；育儿室词中词nurse护士;recreationn.娱乐；消遣；词中词creation；create创造Unit14civil;n..国内的拓展civilization文明；开化murder;v.&n.谋杀拓展murderer杀人犯；谋杀者prisoner囚犯youth;n.青年；青春；复习youngrevolution;n..革命；形近pollution；revolute旋转；变革第405页 slavery;n.奴隶制；词中词slave奴隶wave;cave;save;brave;pave波浪/洞穴/救/勇敢/铺（路；街道）；pavement人行道soul;n.灵魂；心灵；精神heartandsoul全心全意地联想body;flesh;spirit肉体；躯体/肌肉/精神arrest;vt.逮捕；拘留；助记抓到监狱里去休息rest联想unrest骚乱；冲突;separation;n.分开；隔离;复习separate;;v.反义connection;contact;link/touchrace;n.种族；赛跑;加一字trace跟踪；痕迹;复习surface;necklacemarriagen.婚姻；结婚;marry结婚;联想wedding;forbidv.禁止；不许notallowfor+bid反义permit;allow;vote;n.选举；投票;加字devote献身于；贡献;花时间/精力在……上;politicaladj.政治的；联想politicsn..政治；politician;demand;v.要求近义require;request注意从句中要求用should+原行（虚拟语气）boycott;n.&v抵制;抵抗助记男孩boy喜欢抵抗;lawyer;n.律师；law法律;助记律师是“老爷”（谐音）；legal合法的；法律的racial;n种族的；比较race种族discrimination;n.歧视；区别拓展discriminate;v.crime;n.犯罪；犯法联想prison;prisoner;murder;act;n.法令；条例；动作；行为；行动拓展action;active;actor;actress;activitybill;n.议案；帐单；钞票助记生病ill了付帐单；形近pill药丸religion;n.宗教;形近relics文物；遗产;independence;n.独立；自主；自立depend依靠；拓展rely；independent独立的unconditional;n.无条件的；绝对的；词中词condition条件abolish;n.废止；废除;拓展getridof;breakawayfromprejudice;n.偏见；成见juice汁；果汁助记pre提前形成的偏见；近义preference;diceregardless;n.不管；不顾；不理同义neglect;omit复习regard看待；对待chapter;n.章；回；篇;词中词cap帽子;hat;cat;apt;复习passage;段落paragraph段ridiculous;n.可笑的；荒谬的;复习funny;incrediableUnit15upset;adj.苦恼的；心烦的；助记人倒着放肯定难过心烦;airline;n.航线；航班；航空公司联想flight航线；航班第405页 fly;n.苍蝇联想飞；航行downtown;n.&adj市中心；城市商业区(的)avenue;n.大街；通道;词中词venue会场；集合地点;altituden.纬度形近attitude态度联想longitude经度guarantee;v.保证；确保近义ensure;保证insure保险;gather;n.集合；聚拢近义collectfeast;n.享受；盛宴形近beast兽类词中词eastdip;v.洗澡；浸泡联想deepgym;n.体育馆gymnastics体操analyses;v.分析；analysisn.chatv.聊天；助记猫cat戴着帽子hat聊天budget;n.预算词中词bud花蕾；get得到;拓展expense;cost;incomerate;n.价格；费用；速度；比率--atedate;gate;late;mate;hate;日期/大门/迟到/同伴/讨厌；恨visa;n.签证；联想passport护照arrangementn.安排；整理arrangev.range在一定范围内变化cheque=check;n.支票；cash现金currency;n.货币；通货;相关money;billcurrent;adj.当前的；通行的；流通的;Unit16entry;n.进入；许可比较entrance；enter；反义exit;mental;n.脑力的；精神上的；智力的;联想spirit;soul;形近medal;奖章metal金属;physical;adj..身体上的；物理的；比较physics;suffering;n.痛苦；折磨；苦难比较suffer;pain;difficulty;hardshipgreedyadj.贪婪的；渴望的比较greedn.反义generous;;trader;n商人；tradev.贸易unemployment;n.失业；比较unemployedadj.失业的outofjob；相关dismiss;fire;employ;employer;employee;unrest;n.动乱；骚乱;第405页 sacrifice;n.&v.牺牲；奉献；祭祀loseone’slife;reconstructionn.重建；比较construction建设；constructformer;n.以前的；前者反义latter词中词formfuneral;n.葬礼联想bury;tomb;形近functionvain;adj.徒劳的；白费的；徒然的换一字main;pain;rain;lain;plain；chaineventually;n.最后；终于；词中词even比较event事件；赛事；finally;atlast;intheend;dawn;n.开端；黎明；换一字down向下；加一字drown溺水；drawn画画（过去分词）overcome;n.克服；战胜（overcame;overcome）比较getridofinsist;vi坚持；形近resist；抵制assist援助;sister;chiefn.&adj.首领；酋长；上司；主要的;注意复数形式chiefs;比较handkerchiefs形近belief;thiefafterwards;n.后来；以后近义laterwidespread;adj.分布广的；普遍的wide+spreadspread传播；传遍比较wildlife野生动物rot;n.腐烂；堕落换一字pot;hot;lot形近carrot;萝卜parrot鹦鹉supply;v.&n.供应；供给；形近supper;super;applychain;n.链条；连锁；一连串比较plain；pain;gain;main;willing;adj.愿意的；心甘情愿的近义content心甘情愿的Unit17disability;n.残疾；无能；比较ability;能力able,disabledsidewalk;;n.人行道；=pavement(英)waist;n.腰部词中词wait等待拓展waistbelt腰带waistband腰带waistcoat背心=vest形近wastefair;n.商品交易会/展览会；公平的；公正的；拓展unfairjusticepotential;n&adj..潜力；潜在的；可能的词中词pot；tentguidance;n.指导；引导；指引比较guide导游；指导；向导gifted;adj.有天赋的；天资的;同义talentedassist;vt.援助；帮助；同义aid;help形近resist;insist第405页 sympathy;n.同情（心）；词中词path;形近symbol象征encouragementn.鼓励；鼓舞encouragev.近义inspirevisuala;dj.视觉上的；视力的比较vision;view;adjust;v.调整；调节近义adapt词中词justcandy;n.糖果；同义sweet词中词can形近candleniece;n.侄女；外甥女词中词nice联想nephew；侄子；外甥cousin堂弟兄；表姐妹;ceremony;n.仪式；典礼；形近harmony和谐;victory;n.胜利；形近history;factorydignity;n.尊严；尊贵；高贵；词中词dig近义noble;loyal;participate;vi.参与;参加+inici对称比较:attend;join;takepartinpart;部分;pat拍;pate头顶;conductvt.引导；主持；控制比较lead;direct;guide;control拓展conductor列车员；指挥；director导演;accessible;adj.可使用/得到的/进入;复习access;available;entry;entrance;Unit18vest;n.马甲；内衣换一字rest;best;lest;pest;west;背心=waistcoat;heel;n.鞋跟；后跟；加一字wheel车轮；peel;patent;n.专利（权）；词中词tent;patofficer;n.公务员；官员；职员；比较official官员；高官；clerk;staff词中词office办公室;petrol;n.汽油；词中词宠物pet；形近control控制；trollybus电车同义gas;background;n.背景；back+ground比较backpack背包;reject;vt.拒绝；同义refuse形近select;affect;reflect;elect;detect;possibility;n.可能性；助记三个I;一个y近义chance;potential;词中词possible;形近ability;otherwise;adv.否则；要不然=or;助记other+wise;第405页 connection;n.联系；连接；联结；近义touch;contact;relation;previous;adj.以前的；先的；同义former反义latter;拓展curious;dangerous;serious;poisonousaware;adj.意识到；知道的；形近software;软件hardware硬件；近义know;realize;recognizetrial;n.尝试；试验；审判比较try;arrival;近义experiment;test;attemptrider;n.骑手；骑马/车者；dusty;adj.肮脏的多灰尘的；词中词dust灰尘；拓展dirty;windy;cloudy;funny;sunnypilot;n.飞行员；词中词plot;阴谋；情节lot许多；pot;锅;拓展flight;飞行storage;n.储藏；储存；拓展store;v.restore;glue;n.胶水；形近clue信索;暗示blue;true;typewriter;n.打字机type打字+writer;Unit19merchant;n.商人；词中词met;man;hat；can;ran;catmercy吝悯；同情同义trader;businessman;助记昧（谐音）良心的商人词中词chant反复吟唱；单调地重复；单调的歌/曲；crown;n.王冠；皇冠;词中词crow;鸡叫/啼cow;奶牛own自己的/拥有；row;排；行；划船换一字drown;downmercy;n.吝悯；同情；仁慈；merciful近义sympathy;；kind反义cruel残忍crueltyenemy;n.敌人;反义friend;benefit;gene;general；ENE对称reasonable;adj.有道理的；合情理的词中词reason;sonjudgement;n.判决；判断词中词judge;n&v.判断；审判；法官gentlemenn.绅士；助记温柔的男人gentle温柔的；拓展soft;hard;greetingn.招呼；问候；greetv.打招呼；问候；近义wave;挥手；致意envy;n.妒忌；羡慕；近义jealousadmire;形近navy海军；助记恩威（谐音envy）并施；招人羡慕envytroublesome;adj.令人烦恼/麻烦的；讨厌的；形近tiresome累的；令人疲倦的词中词trouble;accuse;v.指控；指责；形近excuse;近义charge;consequence;n..结果；后果;近义result;effectfortune;n.运气；机会；大笔钱拓展fortunate;fortunately;luck;lucky;fate;bargain;n.&v.讨价还价；谈判；交易；协议；助记在酒吧bar里讨价还价；获得gain廉价交易;第405页 bless;vt.祝福；保佑；词中词lesslegal;adj.合法的；法定的；复习law;lawyer词中词leg;deed;n.行动；事迹；换一字deep复习indeed确实；的确;surgeon;n.外科医生；形近surname姓；surprise;pigeon鸽子;requirement;n.要求；需要；规定词中词require;近义request;demanddeclare;v.宣布；宣称；近义announce;court;n..法庭;词中词our换一字course课程；过程process;justice;n.正义；公平；同义fair;unfair；fairness;unfairness形近adjust词中词just;icetherefore;adv.因此；所以；so;thusworthy;adj.值得的；应得的；同义deserve;worth;worthwhile;kindness;n.仁慈；好意；近义mercy;sympathy;反义cruelty;punish;v.惩罚；punishmentn.近义blame;scold;责备形近foolishorder;n&v.命令；下令；秩序；顺序；订购；预定sword;n.剑；刀；助记口服蜜剑;complex;adj.错综复杂的；难解的；simpleUnit20decoration;n.装饰;装潢；decorate;v.spear;n.矛；枪；梭镖词中词pearn.梨；ear;联想Shakespearpotn.锅；罐；壶；联想pan平底锅top顶部；emperor;n.皇帝；拓展king国王；queen皇后；prince王子；princess公主；王妃pin;n.针；别针；形近pine松树clothing;n.衣服（总称）联想cloth布；clothes衣服distinction;n.区别；对比；近义differencecentimeter;n.厘米；联想kilometer千米millimeter毫米clay;n.粘土；泥土；联想earth;mud;landarrow;n.箭；形近sparrow麻雀联想bow弓dozen;n.打；十二个dozensof许多的;联想score;二十cushionn.垫子；垫石；助记坐垫子就像坐酷刑（cushion谐音）一样；mat坐垫;spare;adj.备用的；额外的；业余的v.腾出；抽出（时间）；形近speartendvi倾向于；趋向；v.照顾；换一字mend;bend;lend;send;depend;approximatelyadv.接近；近乎；大约第405页 approach途径；方法同义way;method;meansaverage;adj.平均的；普通的复习cage;message;damage;villagecabbage;baggage;lorry;n.卡车；同义truck；形近glory；光荣link;vt.联系；近义connect;join;contact;touch;monumentn.纪念馆/碑助记（谐音）（牦牛）纪念馆;homeland;n.祖国；home+land;status;n.地位；身份形近statue雕像；塑像；state国家；州；状态；陈速；叙述；remote;adj.遥远的；偏僻的distant远的quantity;n.大量；数量quality质量mask;n.面具换一字task;accompany;v.陪伴/同词中词company；公司联想companion同伴vast;adj.巨大的；庞大的；换一字cast;抛；投；撒vase花瓶；vest背心形近last;fast;cast;square;n.&adj.广场；平方；方形的;联想diamond菱形的；triangle三角形round;trianglen;.三角形；angle角；形近angel天使;短语：setfootin涉足；到达haveaneffecton对……影响……relyon=dependoncometolife苏醒；复活；putforward提出aimat旨在；瞄准setout出发；上路makealiving谋生applyto申请inpublic公开cutup切碎benefitfrom得益于；受益于；alltheway一路上；一直takeadvantageof对……加以利用giveoff释放avarietyof各种各样的putinprison把……投入监狱第405页 setanexampleto/for给……树立榜样fromthenon从那时起startwith以……开始regardlessof不管；不顾atfirstsight乍一看lookinto调查everynowandthen不时地get/betiredof对…..厌倦cooloff冷却；变凉takeachance冒险；碰运气invain白费insiston坚持putout出版；产生；扑灭inturn依次；轮流getround=getabout活动；四处走动getusedto习惯于allowfor顾及；为……做准备getstuck困住breakawayfrom摆脱；脱离beawareof知道意识到afterall毕竟payback偿还keeptrackof保持联系havemercyon怜悯asfarasIknow就…..而言=intermsofatthemercyof由……摆布/控制lendahand帮助高三册词汇速记Unit1beard；胡须；近义：复习：moustache;嘴唇上的小胡子；联想:bear熊；出生；忍受；支持；背，负担，负载，负荷；承担；复习;bear/standdoing；voyager；旅行者；复习：voyage,旅行；travel;journey;trip;tour；第405页 tight；紧的；紧密的;反义：loose;松的；tighten;v复习:firm;stable;steady;fasten;tough;edition；版本;复习：edite;editor编辑、主编；publish;comeout;makeup;编造brewery；啤酒厂；复习:beer;wine;alchol；酒精;alcoholic;drinks;spirit;brandy白兰地;whiskey威士忌；softdrink;coffee;coke;tea;conclude;conclusion;推论；达成；结论；复习：reach/arriveat/cometoconclusion/drowconclusion得出结论；复习:agreement;/compromise和解;infer；推断、理；hire/employ；v.雇佣；租用；反义;nemploy;fire；复习:dismiss;rent;v.出租；租借;比较:lent;cent;tent;length;长度；复习:long;width—wide;high----height;depth---deep;warmth;health;wealth;althletic/athlete；远动（员）（的）；复习：player;sport;/match/game/sportsmeet/compete//competition;fade；v.【谐音】“废的”；----凋谢、褪色；复习：diedown;inarow=onebyone;oneafteranother,一个接一个；接连不断地inthefirstplace;=firstfoall,aboveall;首先；复习：inthelastplace；比较;tobeginwith;ontheonehand;ontheotherhand;foronething;foranotherthing;account；叙述；账目；帐户；复习：count;数数；计算；重要；算数；take…intoaccount/consideration考虑;attempt;vt./n=effort尝试；企图；努力；复习:tempter;n.脾气；复习：temperory暂时的；contemporary当代的；current;suitable;adj.合适的、恰当的；复习:proper;besuitable/fitfor;fit;besuitedto;applyfor申请；请求；applyto适应；应用；复习:applicition;applicant求职者；inspect;v.视察；检查；复习:check;examine;test;confirm;v.证实；确认；复习:assure;insure,makesure;/besure;insect(昆虫)；复习：害虫pest;certificate;v.证书；证明；复习:/diploma文凭；、proof/evidence/turnouttobe;prove;bid;(bidbid);喊价；投标；比较：charge;bargain;联想：forbid;禁止decade；十年；复习：annaul每年的，anniversary,周年纪念；dozen/十二score二十；fortnight十四日、两周；committee;.委员会；复习：commit犯罪、犯错；commitacrime犯罪，committo委托；交给；【串记】Thecommitteeadmitsitcommittedanomissionincommissioningthemission.委员会承认它在委任使团时犯的疏忽。fasinate;v.迷住；使神魂颠倒；比较：puzzle;strike;belostin/beaddictedto;burst;v.(burst;burst)intocrying/laughter突然哭、笑起来；比较：explode;爆发；爆炸；bomb炸弹；underline;vt.下划线；强调；复习：underlined;adj.划线的；强调的；比较：undertake;underground;第405页 globe;n.地球（仪）;复习：global;adj.全球的；universe;universal;比较：earth;形近：rob;抢；bush;n.灌木（丛）；形近：brush刷子；毛笔；push;推；woods;forest;skillful;adj.熟练的；有经验的；联想：esperienced;expert；admininstration;n.管理；行政机关；复习：authority权威；权力；比较：manage;rule;control;;govern;government;【串记】IntheAdministration,thisministerisinchargeofregisteringregional在内阁中这个部长负责登记区域宗教。permission;v.permit允许；许可；比较：admit;allow;familiar;adj.熟悉的；befamiliarwith;比较:family;strange;centreon/concentrateon/focuson集中……注意力。以、把……当作重心；laystresson;强调；helmet;n.头盔；安全帽；词中词：meet的过去式：met.比较:mask;面罩，面具truly；true的副词；honestly;loyal,earnest,sincerely;(写信结尾客套话)；比较:faulse;fault;,real;delight;乐趣，高兴；delighted;adj.词中词：light;比较:joy,happiness;pleasure,energetic精力充沛的；充满活力的；比较:energy;power;strength;force;cautious;小心的；谨慎的；比较:careful;register;n.注册；登记；复习：复习：sign;签名；报名；skim;v.浏览；略读；比较:scan;lookthrough;比较:sailfish（旗鱼）-----selfish（自私）;feat;n.（功绩；成绩）-----feast(宴会)；afeastfortheeyes;大饱眼福；比较：achievement;Unit2evaluate;v.评价；估价；比较:value;价值；评价；珍惜；认为……价值高；复习：thinkhighly/muchof;【串记】Ididn"tevaluatetheblueglueduetothevagueplague.因为不明确的瘟疫,我没有对蓝色胶水估价。various;adj.各种各样的；复习：vary;v.variety;n.；allkinds/sortsof;alter;change;differ;inthenameof/hope…inexchangeof归纳：inhonourof/favour/need/search/want…注意：有the和无the的区别；inreturn报答；回报African;非洲人；非洲的；—an—ian：人；Canadian；musician,physician,musician;ambassador;大使；谐音助记：大使说：“俺是不怕死的”。embassy大使馆（谐音助记）：“俺怕死”。形近：embarrass尴尬；窘迫;wander；v.徘徊；漫游；游荡；形近：wonder;existence;存在；v.exist;比较;being,humanbeingsurvive;v.存活；幸存；arrive;第405页 accurate;adj;准确；精确；比较：exact;navy;海军；复习：airforce空军；army;军队；形近比较;envy嫉妒；羡慕；treasure;n财宝；财富；V.珍惜；珍爱；看重；比较：precious珍贵的；宝贵的；wealth/y财富（富有的）；fleet;n.船队；舰队；词中词：flee（fled;fled）逃跑；逃走;fee费用；feet脚、英尺；command;v.命令；指挥；控制；注意;宾语从句中用虚拟语气(should)加动词原形：一坚持；insist；二命令；order;command;三建议；advise;suggest;propose；四要求；demand;require;request;claim;五渴望;desire;；六催促、敦促；urge;setsailto/for/from启航；复习sail帆；航行；sailor;海员royal;n.王室的；皇家的；复习：noble高贵的；形近：loyal;忠诚的；zebra斑马；symbolic;adj.复习：symbol;n.象征;represent;代表；volunteer；自愿者;自愿者说：“我能”谐音-eer;pioneer;engineer;beer;radium镭；形近：medium;媒体;radio;收音机；sum总额；总数；复习：summary;总结；概括；摘要；summer夏天；dam；堤坝；复习;damage;损坏；毁坏；accomplish;v.完成；实现；形近：复习：accompany;陪伴；复习：be/getaccustomed习惯于；apartfrom=besides;除外（还有）；sickness;disease疾病；复习:ill；sicksacred；神圣的；宗教的;上帝的，神的。复习;scared害怕；runout；用完；耗尽；复习;useup;bewornout;aircraft;aeroplane;plane;飞机；飞行器；arise;升起；上升；出现；复习：rise;evidence;n.证据；证词；复习：proof;证明；evident;明显的；复习：obvious;clearchairman主席；董事长；复习：president;总统；praise;v.赞扬；称赞；复习：raise;proud;pride’第405页 UNIT3strait；n,海峡；比较：复习：straight,adj&adv.直的；笔直的；trait,特征；特色；street;街道；fellow;adj.&n;同伴；伙伴;比较：follow;跟随；听懂；明白；allow;允许；同义：permit;反义：forbid;criminal;n.罪犯；adj.犯罪的；复习：crime犯罪；复习：prison(er),jail,murder(er);rob;claimvt.&n.要求；声称；(should+v原形)；govern;vt.管理；统治；复习：governor;总督；州长；复习：government;rule;control;handle;asaconsequence(of)=asaresultof,结果；由于；resemble;vt.像；类似；复习：besimilar/equalto;（be）like/as；symble;象征；符号；diverse;adj.多样的；不同的；复习：diversity多样性；复习:differ;vary;different;various;transform;改变；转移；改造；复习：trans-transfer;转移；换车；translate;翻译;translation.translator;n.transpplant;移栽；移植；transport;transportation;交通；transmit;传送=deliver;immigrate;n.immigrationv.移民；复习：immediate(ly);立即；马上；同义：rightaway;atonce;straightaway;instantly;directly;withoutdelaystrengthen;v.加强；巩固；复习：stong;strength;pronunciation;n.发音；pronounce;v.复习：dialect;方言；复习：accent;口音；oral;口语；口头的；spoken;vocabulary;词汇；复习：grammar;语法；pattern;句型；idiom；短语；习语；femal;女性；复习：male;男性；mate;=fellow;同伴；复习：classmate;workmate;roommate;=match;成配偶；配合；搭配concept;概念；观念；复习：except;breakout爆发；突然发生；（不用被动）；=happen;takeplace;breakthrough;突破；重大进展；breakthrough;chew;嚼碎；回味；复习；jaw;下巴；lip嘴唇；chin;面颊；beard;小胡子；moustache嘴唇上的胡须；feed…on;喂养；饲养；复习feed…to把……喂给；live…on;dependon;entire;adj.全部的；整个的；完全的；复习:complete;total;altogether;adv.mine;n.&v.矿；矿井；地雷；开矿；开采；复习：我的;mineral;矿物；矿藏；金属；复习：metal;material;物质；材料；fence;篱笆；栅栏；围墙；复习：defence;defend;防卫；防御；roundup;使集合在一起；赶拢；比较：gather;outdoors;adv.在户外；复习：indoors;在户内；第405页 birthplace;出生地；复习：birth;outing;远足；郊游；复习：;outer；inner；lemonade;柠檬；汽水；lemon谐音：柠檬；barbecue;烧烤；野餐；复习：picnic;roast;vt.烤；bake;焙；烤；复习：toast;敬酒；干杯；steak;排；牛排；复习：beef牛肉；barrier;n.屏障；障碍；复习：bar;酒吧pointed;adj.尖的；直截了当的；复习：sharp;claw;vt.&vi.&n.爪子；挠；刮；hairy;多毛的；毛发的；复习：bushy;灌木茂密的；丛生的；medium;中等的；媒介物；传导体；媒质，基质，介质，介体；中间物;massmedia大众传播媒介；宣传工具；Unit4procedure;n.步骤；程序；手续；复习：process;step;rose;n,玫瑰（花）；复习-rise的过去式；arise;产生；发生；复习：rise;strawberry草莓；复习：strawhat草帽；bunch;n.束；串；团；abunchofrose;复习：brunch;早午餐；复习：lunch;午餐；merely;adv.仅仅；只不过；=only;singly;=alone;herb;草药；草本植物；复习：hero;英雄；classify;编排；分类；复习：catalog;sort;grade;比较：satisfy;identificationn.验明；鉴别；=proof;identify;v.=prove;IDcard身份证；promote;提升；促销；复习：improve;arise;advance比较;remote;遥远；botanicalbotany;adj./n.植物学（的）；复习：biologyprivilege;n.特权；特别待遇；复习；village;村庄；preference;偏爱；偏好；cosy=comfortable;舒适的；appetite;胃口；食欲；欲望；复习desire;enthusiasm;taste;appeal;恳求；上诉；吸引；wealth;富有；财富；=riches;richness;prosperity;反义：poverty;appoint;vt.任命；约定；appointment;约会；date;约会；复习：disappoint;使失望;disappointed;disappointing;disappointment;calculate;计算；推算；同义：evaluate;workout;estimate;calculator;计算器；astronomy;天文学；复习：astronaut;宇航员；spaceman;第405页 expense;n.成本；费用；复习：expensive;昂贵的；enterprise;n.企业（单位）；事业；复习：venture;project;company;career;settlement;开拓；定居；解决；复习：settle;accumulate;vt.积累；聚集；增加；复习：gather;gettogether;复习：accurate;准确；精确；abandon;vt.离开；遗弃；复习：desert;deserted;throwaway;band;pineapple;菠萝；pine松树；复习：apple;tone;色度；色调；语气；音调；复习：tune;调旋；调节（音量）；ton;吨（重量）；reward;n.&vt.报答；报酬；复习：award;inreturn;technical;technique;technology;技术（的）；复习：technician;技术员；复习：skill;skilled;skillful;experienced;nowhere;adv.&n.无处；任何地方都不；altogetheradv.总之；完全地；总共；复习：completely;thoroughly;entirely;appearance;外表；外貌；出现；复习：appear;出现；disappear;feature;characteristic;trait;outputn.产量；产品；输出；复习：product;input;latter;adj.后者的；比较：late;later;former;前者；distinguish;vt./vi.区别；辨别；复习：differ;tellfrom;tellthedifferenceof/from;millimeter;毫米；复习：kilometer;centimeter;indetail详细地；复习：specific;name…after,给…取名；命名；passaway去世；复习：die;yearafteryear年复一年；年年;复习：yearbyyear;逐年；lookoutfor；警惕；留心；复习：watchout;lookout;onalargescale；大规模的；大范围地；Unit5convey;vt.表达；运载；复习：express;transmit;transport;advertise;vi./vt.登广告；做广告；复习：advertiser;advertisement;make…known;announce;brand;商标；牌子；复习：band;乐队；班派；consideration;n.考虑；体贴；take…intoconsideration考虑；复习：consider;vtcharge;n/v.主管；价钱；控告；充电；loss;lose;n;v.损失；blame;vt./n.责备；谴责；责怪；归咎于；注意：betoblame(不用被动)；复习：scold;broadcast;(broadcast;broadcast);广播；播出；postvt.张贴；邮寄；复习：postoffice;postbox;postman;deliver;mail;第405页 react;vt./vi.反应；复习：respond;reflect;annoy;Vt./vi.;使烦恼；恼怒；复习：annoying;adj.讨厌的；恼人的；复习：tiresome;upset;frustrating;boring;accuse;vt.控告；控诉；复习：charge;associate;Vt./vi.使发生联系；使结合；复习：connect;contact;touch;join;appeal;vi/n.+to;吸引；呼吁；上诉；复习：charge;accuse;attract;draw/catchone’sattention;frequent;频繁的；时常发生的；复习：constant;normal;regular;figure;数字；价格；图表；画像；复习：number;count;form;shape;diagram;graph;drawing;；figureout想象出；salesman/saleswoman;售货员；复习：sale;sellprofit;利益；利润；复习：interests;benefit;income;campaign;vt./vi.运动；战役；复习：war;battle;fight;action;activity;policy;政策；方针；形近：police;polite;复习：document文件；principle;原理；原则；stragety;策略；spokesman;/spokesman发言人；illegal;非法的；不合法的；复习：legal;criminal;unlawful;target;目标；靶子；复习：aim;goal;objective;intention;sneaker;胶底运动鞋；复习：sneak;偷偷悄悄走；潜行；nowadays；adv.现在；目前；复习：atpresent;currently；atthemoment;nephew;侄子；外甥；复习：neice侄女;助记：侄子是新的（new）；侄女是漂亮的（nice）waitress;女服务员；复习：waiter;actress;hostess女主人；女主持人；复习：heroine;女英雄；bridegroom;n.新郎；复习：bride新娘；attachvt.系；贴；附上；复习：attachment;discount;n./vt.打折；折扣；count;数数；计算；account;说明解释；账目；账单bonus;n.奖金；复习：reward;medal;pointout指出；复习：pointat指向；getacross传播；为人理解；=makeknown;appealto吸引；inchargeof管理；复习：inthechargeof被……负责；handinhand手拉手；关系密切；makesense;有意义；讲得通；复习：nonsense;废话；无意义；commonsense常识；常理；UNIT6quit;(quit;quit)vt./vi.停止；放弃；复习：stop;give第405页 up;pause;break;applyto运用；应用；复习：applyfor;addup加起来；复习：addupto加起来达到；loseheart灰心；泄气；注意：不用one’s或the;复习：loseone"sbalance失去平衡，跌倒。loseone"shead被斩首；被搞糊涂。loseone"slife丢了性命circumstance;环境；情况；=environment;复习：condition;situation;surroundings;assessment;n.评价；评定；复习：assess;V.估价；评定；evaluate;estimate；biscuit;饼干；烤饼；alcohol;酒精；烈酒；复习：wine;beer;goat;山羊；复习：sheep;绵羊；flour;面粉；复习：flower花；floor;地板；nail;指甲；复习：sail航行；mail邮寄；tail尾巴；fail失败；razor;剃刀；刮脸；剃胡须；复习：shave;bedding;n.铺盖；被褥；复习：sheet;床单；quilt被单；blanket毛毯；复习：carpet;地毯；beyond;prep./adv.在……外；超出；远胜；leavebehind落后；留下；；同义：fallbehind;ox;n.公牛；复习：cow;cattle;frontier;n.边疆；边界；同义：border;edge;side;boundary；loseone’sway迷路；比较：loseheart;saltyadj.含盐的；咸的；复习：salt;thirsty;catchy;吸引的；cosy;舒适的；pondn;池塘；复习：pool;swimmingpool;fishpond;pound磅；英镑；=453.6克，略作1b.或1b.英镑＝100便士，略作￡或L〕。apoundnote一张一英镑钞票。apoundofflesh;bythepound按每磅(计价)burden;n.负担；责任；同义：load；desperate;n.绝望的；极其严重的；beastn.动物；兽类；复习：animal;cattle;bird;accustomedadj.习惯的；通常的；复习：getaccustomedto习惯于；starvation;n.挨饿；饿死；复习：starve;gohungry;anxiety;n.担忧；忧虑；复习：anxious;adj.shallow;adj.浅的；复习：deep;深的；allow允许；swallow;吞咽；燕子；第405页 cometoanend结束；复习：putanendto;tax;税；复习：fax传真；taxpayer纳税人；anniversary;周年；周年纪念日；复习：peryear;比较：necessary;dictionary;granddaughter/son；孙女、孙子；grabdfather/motherflu;流行感冒；复习：birdflu禽流感；复习：cold;cough;throat;喉咙；复习：float;boat;coat;castasrophe;大灾难；同义：disaster灾难，大祸;tragedy悲剧;ruin;relief;减轻；缓解；复习：belief;chief;deliver;投递；邮送；复习：post;mail;send;tough;困难；坚忍；艰巨；复习：hard;difficult;比较：cough;plough;enough;though;through;quilt;被褥、子；复习：sheet;bedding;比较：quite;quit;tieup;tie…to拴；捆；系；复习：fasten;packet;小包裹；小盒、袋；复习：pack;package;ray;光线；射线；复习：X-ray;shine;bark吠叫；咬；复习：dark;shout;howl;嚎叫;roar;吼，咆哮；(海、风等)呼啸，怒号；sculpture;雕像；雕刻[塑]物[品];复习：carve;figure;statue;monument;纪念碑,石碑；墓碑;memorial;纪念物，纪念品；纪念日；纪念馆；纪念碑；纪念仪式;monument;纪念碑,石碑；墓碑;复习：inhonourof;retell;复述；重说；复习：repeat;reread;重新读，再读;gofor;去努力；努力获取；复习：goinfor爱好；从事；goafter追求；复习：persue追赶;追求Unit7carefor喜爱；照顾；复习：careabout;关怀；关心(for)；介意，计较，(不)管，(不)顾，(不)问(for,about)。〔与for连用〕爱好；愿意，望，欲。careforherhealth挂念她的健康。Hecaresformusic.他喜欢音乐。careforsb."seducation负责某人的教育;bacteria;(复数)细菌；；（单数）bacterium；mediun(复数).媒介物；传导体；媒质；（单数）；追求media;powder;粉末；复习：=power;gunpowder;火药facepowder；搽脸香粉；standardn.标准；水平；规格；复习：level;scale;range;consciencen.良心；良知；词中词：science;awareness;frost;n.霜；严寒；复习：fog;freeze;handwritingn.书法；手写稿；手迹；overcoat;大衣；外套；复习：garment;wage;工资；报酬；复习：salary薪水；income；earnings；第405页 anyway;adv.无论如何；即使如此；复习：anyhow;god;n.神；上帝；复习：heaven;leavealone;不管；随……去；复习：neglect;ingore;regardlessof;admitvt.承认；准许进入；录取；同义：confess;Thechessprofessorconfessedhisprofessionalblessingintheconfession.象棋教授在供状中承认了其职业福气.foolish;adj.愚蠢的；傻的；复习：stupid;fool;silly;idoit;unwise;clap;v.拍手；鼓掌；复习：applaud;applause;partner;n.搭档；同伴；复习：fellow;mate;abundant;adj.丰富的；充裕的；复习：enough;plenty;inwantof;inneedof;需要；复习：insearchof;inhonourof;warmth;n.暖和；温和；复习：truth;health;wealth;badlyoff潦倒；穷困；反义：welloff;occupy;v.忙碌；从事；占有；beoccupied(indoingsth.,withaffairs)在做…，在忙…。occupyoneselfabout[in,with]...(正)从事…。constantadj.经常的；不断的；复习:continuous;regular;welfaren.福利；复习：fare;fee;clerk;n.职员；办事员；复习：staff;crew;haveaneyefor有眼光、眼力；composern.创作者；作曲者；复习：compose;.组成，构成novelist小说家；firm公司；商行；.坚固的，坚牢的；稳固的。复习：company;tradingfirms商行。aprintingfirm印刷公司;asfollow;如下（列举例子）;复习：asusual;像平常一样shadown.影子；阴影；复习：shade;shady;ambitionn.抱负；雄心；复习：ambitious;adj.有理想、抱负的；noble高贵的；高尚的；复习;royal;honorable;bondn.契约；债券；复习：pond;fond;indeedadv.的确；确实；goose鹅；复习：loose松的；geese(复数)；selfishadj.自私的；比较：foolish;self-introduction;bishopn.主教；艺考生的救命稻草！第405页 突破130分，快速提高30分的锦囊妙计！6步搞定任何高考英语阅读真题，一般人不告诉他（她）！2013吴军高考英语阅读理解3天提分秘术众说周知，得阅读、完形者得天下！文章看没看懂不重要，关键是要选对！高考英语阅读的核心暗示点：词和短语！题目（或题干）有暗示，秘笈为你精准导航！选项与出题点之间存在逻辑关系，3天帮您梳理！速度比完美更重要，思路比题海要有效！2013高考英语阅读3天提分秘术，既不是神人的牛B押题，也不是最牛高考班的密卷！而是沈阳高分英语家教吴军老师从2000-2012年2700多篇高考英语阅读真题答案内幕规律衍生出的迅捷提分秘诀！2013高考英语阅读3天提分秘术是纸质的解析讲解类自学教案，而不是如同上大课般的名师讲座光盘（如高分突破，提分宝典，四步兵法，高频考点等），你可以站着，躺着，甚至在卫生间里也可以阅读自学！立竿见影！以一顶百！9年来我们在自我独门秘笈的基础上，20%参阅了132种全国知名高考英语教案或资料（如：新东方，张清波，北京四中李俊和，管卫东，提分宝典，高频考点等）。但发现很多名师教案与高考提分关联度小，因为相当一部分名师只是把自己在考研和雅思领域的研究成果生搬硬套到高考英语教学中（讲述的高频词汇严重超纲，甚至是大学6级的），而不是深入到2700篇历届阅读真题中潜心研究，效果可想而知。还有些重点高中一线老师，将自己上课用的教案制作成光盘用以贩卖，其实质不过是高频考点和词汇的串讲，有的甚至用35%的篇章讲述如何记忆单词，而广告却说是提分秘笈，真是让人遗憾！第405页 好消息！吴军老师2012高考英语3天提分秘诀仅释放了其30%的功力，就达到了90%以上的客户满意度，为了配合文科其他科目的上市，2013年吴军高考英语将释放其70%的功力，2013年高考英语提分速度和幅度将再升一倍，看完下列示例后，还不赶紧抢购呀！目录：一、2013阅读吴军猜题秘术:备选项高频答案特征二、2013阅读吴军暗示点秒杀:备选项高频答案词三、擒贼先擒王:主旨题、写作目的题吴军答题密码四、阅读出题点与细节题吴军答题法则五、阅读文章结构、题材与推论题吴军突破秘诀六、阅读词汇、文章及作者态度题吴军破解规律2013阅读吴军猜题秘术:备选项高频答案特征（10条秘诀）秘诀一：被动结构是备选项高频答案特征！【2010辽宁卷B篇】Ihateddinnerparties.ButIdecidedtogivethemanothershotbecauseI"minLondon.AndmyfriendMalleryinvitedme.AndbecausedinnerpartiesinLondonareverydifferentfromthosebackinNewYork.There,"“I’mhavingadinnerparty"means:"I"mbookingatablefor12atarestaurantyoucan"taffordandwe"llbesharingthechecqueevenly,nomatterwhatyoueat."Worse,inManhattanthereisalwayssomeonewholeavesbeforethebillarrives.They"llthrowdowncash,halfofwhattheyowe,andthenpeoplelikeme,whodon’tdrink,enduppayingevenmore.ButifItrytousethesametrick,thehostesswillshout:"Whereareyougoing?"Andit"snotlikeIcansayIhavesomewheretogo:everyoneknowIhavenowheretogo.ButinLondon,dinnerpartiesareinpeople"shomes.(转折对比,说明前面NewYorkers评价是Self-centred.)Notonlythat,theguestsareaninterestingmix.ThelasttimeIwenttoone,theguestswerefromFrance,India.DenmarkandNigeria;itwaslikeagatheringattheUnitedNationsinNewYork.Themixislessstriking.It"slikeagatheringatBloomingdale"s,awell-knowndepartmentstore.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------第405页 61.WhatdoesthewriterdislikemostaboutdinnerpartiesinNewYork?AThereisastrangemixofpeople.B.Therestaurantsareexpensive.C.Thebillisnotfairlyshared.D.Peoplehavetopaycash63.Whatistheauthor"sopinionofsomeNewYorkersfromherexperience？A.Easy-going.B.Self-centred.C.Generous.D.Conservative.【2012四川卷E篇】Sofar,effortstocutemissions（排放）ofplanet-warminggreenhousegasesarenotseenasenoughtopreventtheEarthheatingupbeyond2℃thiscentury—apointscientistssaywillbringthedangerofachangeableclimateinwhichweatherextremesarecommon,leadingtodrought,floods,cropfailuresandrisingsealevels.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------60.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphsabouttheworld’stemperature?A.Ithasrisennearly0.2℃since1979.B.Itschangewillleadtoweatherextremes.C.Itis0.8℃higherin1979thanthatof1990.D.Itneedstobecontrolledwithin2℃inthiscentury.【2012四川卷A篇】Theseasonschangejustoutsidethedoor.Wewatchthemaplesturneveryshadeofyellowandredinthefallandnotethepoplars’（杨树）puttingoutthefirstgreenleavesofspring.Therainbowsmeltfillsthelocalsteamastheicegraduallydisappears,andthewoodfrogsstarttosinginpoolsafterbeingfrozenforthewinter.Afamilyofbirdsrulesourskiesandfliesoverthelake.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------43.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmean?A.Thechangeofseasonsiseasilyfelt.B.Theseasonsmakethesceneschange.C.Theweatheroftenchangesintheforest.D.Thedoorisagoodpositiontoenjoychangingseasons.【2012陕西卷C篇】Theauthorsofbothstudiesstressthattheserisksarerelativelysmallforhealthypeopleandcertainlymodestcomparedwithotherriskfactorssuchassmokingandhighbloodpressure.However,itisimportanttobeawareofthesedangersbecauseeveryoneisexposedtoairpollutionregardlessoflifestylechoices.SostricterregulationbytheEPAofpollutantsmaynotonlyimproveenvironmentalairqualitybutcouldalsobecomenecessarytoprotectpublichealth.第405页 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------55.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Eatingfattyfoodhasimmediateeffectsonyourheart.B.TheEPAconductedmanystudiesonairquality.C.Moderateairqualityismoreharmfulthansmoking,D.Stricterregulationsonpollutantsshouldbemade.【2012江西卷D篇】Forthosewhomakejourneysacrosstheworld,thespeedoftraveltodayhasturnedthecountriesintoaseriesofvillages．Distancesbetweenthemappearnogreatertoamoderntravelerthanthosewhichoncefacedmenastheywalkedfromvillagetovillage.Jetplaneflypeoplefromoneendoftheearthtotheother,allowingthemafreedomofmovementundreamtofahundredyearsago.　　Yetsomepeoplewonderiftherevolutionintravelhasgonetoofar.Apricehasbeenpaid,theysay,fortheconquest(征服)oftimeanddistance.Travelissomethingtobeenjoyed,notendured(忍受).Theboatoffersleisureandtimeenoughtoappreciatetheever-changingsightsandsoundsofajourney.Ajourneybytrainalsohasaspecialcharmaboutit.Lakesandforestsandwild,openplainssweepingpastyourcarriagewindowcreateagrandviewinwhichtimeanddistancemeannothing.Onboardaplane,however,thereisjusttheblankblueoftheskyfillingthenarrowwindowoftheairplane.Thesoftlighting,in-flightfilmsandgentlemusicmakeuptheonlyworldyouknow,andthehoursprogressslowly.　　Thenthereisthetimespentbeing“processed”atamodernairport.Peopleareconveyedlikerobotsalongwalkways;baggageisweighed,ticketsproduced,examinedandproducedyetagainbeforethepassengermoveagaintoanotherwaitingarea.Journeysbyrailandseatakelonger,yes,butthehoursdevotedtobeing“processed”atdepartureandarrivalinairportsareluckilyabsent.Nowonder,then,thatthemodernhigh-speedtrainsarewinningbackpassengersfromtheairlines.Man,however,isnowaworldtravelerandcannotturnhisbackontheairplane.Theworkinglivesoftoomanypeopledependuponit;wholenewindustrieshavebeenbuiltarounditsdesignandoperation.Theholidaymaker,too,withlimitedtimetospend,patientlyenduresthebusyairportsandlimitedspaceoftheflighttogainthoseextrahoursandevendays,relaxinginthesun.speedcontrolspeople’slives;timesaved,inworkorplay,istheimportantthing—orsowearetold.Perhapsthosefirsthorsemen,ridingfreeacrossthewild,openplains,wereenjoyingabetterworldthantheoneweknowtoday.Theycouldtravelatwill,andtheclockwasnottheirmaster.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------73.AccordingtoParagraph3,passengersareturningbacktomodernhigh-speedtrainsbecause_____．第405页 A.theypaylessfortheticketsB.theyfeelsaferduringthetravelC.theycanenjoyhigherspeedoftravelD.theydon’thavetowastetimebeing“processed”75.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Airtravelbenefitspeopleandindustries．B.TrainTravelhassomeadvantagesoverairtravel．C.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmoderntravel.D.Thehighspeedofairtravelisgainedatacost.2013阅读吴军暗示点秒杀:备选项高频答案词（17项不到90个单词）秘诀9：leadto(resultin,bringabout,cause)是选项中答案高频暗示词!【2012浙江卷C篇】Firstofall,studentsneedtorealizethatconflictisunavoidable.Areportonviolenceamongmiddleschoolandhighschoolstudentsindicatesthatmostviolentincidentsbetweenstudentsbeginwitharelativelyminorinsult(侮辱).Forexample,afightcouldstartoverthefactthatonestudenteatsapeanutbuttersandwicheachlunchtime.Laughteroverthesandwichcanleadtoinsults,whichinturncanleadtoviolence.Theproblemisn"tinthesandwich,butinthewaystudentsdealwiththeconflict.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------51.FromParagraph2wecanlearnthat________.A.violenceismorelikelytooccuratlunchtime具体!B.asmallconflictcanleadtoviolenceC.studentstendtolosetheirtempereasilyD.theeatinghabitofastudentisoftenthecauseofafight具体!【2011湖北卷D篇】ourowngenerationhasaccesstomorenutritiousfood.moreconvenienttransport.biggerhouses,betterears.andofcourse,morepoundsanddollarsthananywholivedbeforeus.Thiswillcontinueaslongaswetherethingstomakeotherthings,Thismorewespecializeandexchange,thebetteroffwe’llbe.2)BrilliantadvancesOnereasonwearericher,healthier,taller,cleverer,longer-livedandfreerthanenerbeforeisthatthefourmostbasiehumanneeds-food,clothing,fuelandshelter-havegrownalotcheaper.Takeoneexample.In1800第405页 acandleprovidingonehour’slightcostsixhours’work.Inthe1880sthesamelightfromanoillamptook15minutes’worktopayfor.In1950itwaseightseconds.Todayit’shalfsecond.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------65.Thecandleandlampexampleisusedtoshowthat.A.oillampsgiveoffmorelightthancandlesB.shorteningworkingtimebringsaboutahappierlife.C.advancedtechnologyhelpstoproducebettercandles.D.increasedproductionrateleadstolowercostofgoods.秘诀10：Control(handle,dealwith)是选项中答案高频暗示词!【2012天津卷D篇】Thosewhochoosetobecreatorslookatlifequitedifferently.Theyknowthereareindividualswhomightliketocontroltheirlives,buttheydon’tletthisgetintheway.Theyknowtheyhavetheirweaknesses,yettheydon’tblamethemselveswhentheyfail.Whateverhappens,theyhavechoiceinthematter.Theybelievetheirdancewitheachsacred(神圣的)momentoflifeisagiftandthatstormsareanaturalpartoflifewhichcanbringtherainneededforemotionalandspiritualgrowth.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------52.AccordingtoParagraph2,creators__________.A.seemwillingtoexperiencefailuresinlifeB.possesstheabilitytopredictfuturelifeC.handleupsanddownsoflifewiselyD.havepotentialtocreatesomethingnew【2012山东卷D篇】Lastyear,itwasarefrigeratorthattweeted.Thisyear,it’sWi-Fi-enabledlaundrymachinesandfridgesthatcantellyouwhenyourgroceriesaregoingbad.Thewashersanddryers,availablestartinginthespring,connecttoanysmartphonethroughadownloadableapplication.Thephonecanthenbeusedasaremotecontrol,sothemachinescanbeturnedonandoffwhiletheirownersisatworkoronthebus.Samsungsaysit’snotjustsomethingnew—theappconnectionactuallyhassomepracticaluses.“Ifyoustartedtodryclothesinthemorningandforgottotakethemout,youcangotoyourphoneandrestartyourdryerforthetimewhencomehome,soyourclothesarerefreshedandreadytogo,”said第405页 spokespersonAmySchmidt.Thecompanyalsosaysthatwithelectricityrate(电价)varyingdependingonthetimeofday,morecontroloverwhenthemachinesareusedcanhelpsavemoney.Perhaps,butwhattheywillprobablyreallyaccomplishiswhatallgoodtechnologiesdo—enablelaziness.Ratherthangettinguptocheckonwhetherthelaundryisdone,userswillinsteadmonitoritontheirphoneswhilewatchingTV.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------73.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewlaundrymachines?A.TheycantellyouwhenyourclothesneedwashingB.TheycanbecontrolledwithasmartphoneC.TheyaredifficulttooperateD.Theyaresoldatalowprice秘诀12：miss(missing);lose(lost)是选项中答案高频暗示词!【2011全国新课标卷A篇】Thereissadlynohomemilkdeliverytoday.Bigcompaniesallowedtheproductionofcheapermilkthusmakingitdifficultformilkmentocompete(竞争).Besides,milkisforsaleeverywhere,anditmayjustnothavebeenpracticedtohaveadeliveryservice.Recently,anoldmilkboxinthecountrysideIsawbroughtbackmychildhoodmemories.1tookithomeandplanteditonthebackporch(门廊).Everysooftenmyson"sfriendswillaskwhatitis.SoIstarttellingstoriesofmyboyhood,andofthemilkmanwhobroughtusfriendshipalongwithhismilk.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------59.Whydidtheauthorbringbackhomeanoldmilkbox?A.Hemissedthegoodolddays.B.Hewantedtotellinterestingstories.C.Heneededitforhismilkbottles.D.Heplantedflowersinit.【2010江西卷A篇】Andyrodeslowlyonhiswaytoschool,day-dreamingaboutthefishingtripthathisfatherhadpromisedhim.Hewassobusydreamingaboutallthefishhewouldcatchthathewasunawareofeverythingelsearoundhim.Herodealonguntilastrangesounddrewhimtothepresent.Hecametoastopandlookedcuriouslyupto第405页 theheavens.Whathesawshockedandterrifiedhim.Ahugeswarmofbeesfilledtheskylikeablackcloudandthebuzzingmassseemedtobeheadingangrilytowardshim.Withnotimetowaste,Andyspedoffintheoppositedirection,ridingfuriously—butwithoutknowinghowtoescapetheswarm.Witharapidlybeatingheartandhislegspumpingfuriously,hespeddowntheroughroad.Asthebeescamecloser,hispanicincreased.Andyknewthathewassensitivetobeestings(蜇).Thelaststinghadlandedhiminhospital—andthatwasonlyonebeesting!Hehadbeenforcedtostayinbedfortwowholedays.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------56.WhydidAndyfailtonoticetheswarmofbeesearlier?A.Hewasridingtoschool.B.Hewaslisteningtoastrangesound.C.Hewasgoingfishingwithhisfather.D.Hewaslostinthethoughtofthefishingtrip.擒贼先擒王:主旨题、写作目的题吴军答题密码方法一：找中心句第一段首、末句(一段末出现转折)二段一句、二句(二段对一段进行总结或否定)尾段首末句,90%在末句有汉语标注的地方!【2012全国新课标卷B篇】Honey(蜂蜜)fromtheAfricanforestisnotonlyakindofnaturalsugar,itisalsodelicious.Mostpeople,andmanyanimals,likeeatingit.However,theonlywayforthemtogetthathoneyistofindawildbees"nest(巢)andtakethehoneyfromit.Often,thesenestsarehighupintrees,anditisdifficulttofindthem.InpartsofAfrica,though,peopleandanimalslookingforhoneyhaveastrangeandunexpectedhelper一alittlebirdcalleda第405页 honeyguide.Thehoneyguidedoesnotactuallylikehoney,butitdoeslikethewax(蜂蜡)inthebeehives(蜂房).Thelittlebirdcannotreachthiswax,whichisdeepinsidethebees’nest.So,whenitfindsasuitablenest,itlooksforsomeonetohelpit.Thehoneyguidegivesaloudcrythatattractstheattentionofbothpassinganimalsandpeople.Onceithastheirattention,itfliesthroughtheforest,waitingfromtimetotimeforthecuriousanimalorpersonasitleadsthemtothenest.Whentheyfinallyarriveatthenest,thefollowerreachesintogetatthedelicioushoneyasthebirdpatientlywaitsandwatches.Someofthehoney,andthewax,alwaysfallstotheground,andthisiswhenthehoneyguidetakesitsshare.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------63.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WildBeesB.WaxandHoneyC.BeekeepinginAfricaD.Honey-Lover"sHelper表转折和因果处:but,yet,however,instead,today,now,Although,so,therefore,thus,asaresult,because(since,as,for),oneofthereasonswas……,Theresultsare……ItwasavillageinIndia.Thepeoplewerepoor.However,theywerenotunhappy.Afterall,theirforefathershadlivedinthesamewayforcenturies.Thenoneday,somevisitorsfromthecityarrived.Theytoldthevillagersthereweresomepeopleelsewherewholikedtoeatfrog’slegs.However,theydidnothaveenoughfrogsoftheirown,andsotheywantedtobuyfrogsfromotherplaces.Thisseemedlikemoneyfornothing.Thereweremillionsoffrogsinthefieldsaround,andtheywerenousetothevillagers.Alltheyhadtodowascatchthem.Agreementwasreached,andthechildrenweresentintothefieldstocatchfrogs.Everyweekatruckarrivedtocollectthecatchandhandoverthemoney.Forthefirsttime,thepeoplewereabletodreamofabetterfuture.Butthedreamdidn’tlastlong.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------FromParagragh1welearnthatthevillagers.第405页 A.workedveryhardforcenturiesB.dreamedofhavingabetterlifeC.werepoorbutsomewhatcontentD.livedadifferentlifefromtheirforefathers【2012全国新课标D篇】Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedstillswimaswellaseversince.Amanwhenhegetsbackwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscaninthewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandstillrideaway.Hecanplaycatchandhitaballaswellashisson.Amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"。rememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------67.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph1?A.Peoplerememberwellwhattheylearnedinchildhood.B.Childrenhaveabettermemorythangrown-ups.C.Poemreadingisagoodwaytolearnwords.D.Storiesforchildrenareeasytoremember.【2012重庆卷E篇】Inhis1930essay“EconomicPossibilitiesforOurGrandchildren“,JohnKeynes,economist,rewrotethathumanneedsfallintotwoclasses:absoluteneeds,whichareindeedwhatotherhave,andrelativeneeds,whichmakeusfeelsuperiortoourfellows.Hethoughtalthoughrelativeneedsmayindeedbeinsatiable(无止境的)thisisnottrueofabsolute.Keyneswassurelycorrectthatonlyasmallpartoftotalspendingiddecidedbythesuper-iorityHewasgreatlymistaken,however,inseeingthisderiveastheonlysourceofdemandsDecisionstospendarealsodrivenbyideasofqualitywhichcaninfluencethedenalmostallgoods,includingevenbasicgoodslikefood.Whenacouplegoesoutforandinner,forexample,thethoughtoffeelingsuperiortoothersprobablynevercomestothem.Thegoalistoshareaspecialmealthatstandsoutfromothermeals.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------第405页 75.Theauthorofthepassagearguesthat______.A.absoluteneedshavenolimitsB.demandsforqualityarenotinsatiableC.humandesiresinfluenceideasofqualityD.relativeneedsdecidemostofourspending【2012陕西卷C篇】Eatingtoomuchfattyfood,exercisingtoolittleandsmokingcanraiseyourfutureriskofheartdisease.Butthereisanotherfactorthatcancauseyourheartproblemsmoreimmediately:theairyoubreathe.Previousstudieshavelinkedhighexposure(暴露）toenvironmentalpollutiontoanincreasedriskofheartproblem,buttwoanalysesnowshowthatpoorairqualitycanleadtoheartattackorstroke(中风）withinaslittleasafewhoursafterexposure.Inonereviewoftheresearch,scientistsfoundthatpeopleexposedtohighlevelsofpollutants(污染物）wereupto5%morelikelytosufferaheartattackwithindaysofexposurethanthosewithlowerexposure.AseparatestudyofstrokepatientsshowedthatevenairthattheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)considerstobeof“moderate”(良好）qualityandrelativelysafeforourhealthcanraisetheriskofstrokeasmuchas34%within12to14hoursofexposure.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------53.Thetextmainlydiscussestherelationshipbetween.A.heartproblemsandairqualityB.heartproblemsandexercisingC.heartproblemsandsmokingD.heartproblemsandfattyfood写作目的题秘诀13：广告文体写作目的题一般用advertise!【2012重庆卷B篇】Toplistsarelecturingpeopleoneverythingfrom"100bookstoread".Aren"tyoujusttiredofbeingtoldwhattodowithyourtime?Nowyouhavealisttoendalllists!Takealookatthefollowingtwoexamplesfromthelistof"101thingsnottodo":……GotoSeetheMonaLisa?Theremustbesomethingaboutthemysterious(神秘的)smile.The6millionpeoplewhotheladyintheLouvreeveryyearcan’tallbewrongafterall.Buttheycanbequiteandstandinginfrontofyou,holdinguptheircamerastopreventyoufromseeinganything.Infacthardforyoutoseethepaintingclearlybecauseyouhaveto第405页 stayawayfromitforsecurityread.Afterqueuingforhours,manytouristscanremaininfrontofthepaintingonlyfor15secondsmost.So,stilllongtoseetheMonaLisa?Ifyouwanttofindoutmoreaboutthelist,read101TingsNOTtoDoBeforeYouDie.Visitwww.not2dobeforeidie.co.ukandbuythebookata20％discount.63.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.ToadvertiseabookB.TointroduceawebsiteC.TocommentonpopularlistsD.Torecommendtouristactivities.写作目的题秘诀17：一般说明文写作目的题常用inform!【2012浙江卷C篇】Therewillalwaysbeconflictinschools,butthatdoesn"tmeanthereneedstobeviolence.AfterstudentsinAtlantastartedaconflictresolutionprogram,accordingtoEducatorsforSocialResponsibility,"64percentoftheteachersreportedlessphysicalviolenceintheclassroom;75percentoftheteachersreportedanincreaseinstudentcooperation;and92percentofthestudentsfeltbetteraboutthemselves".Learningtoresolveconflictscanhelpstudentsdealwithfriends,.teachers.parents,bosses,andcoworkers.Inthatway,conflictresolutionisabasiclifeskillthatshouldbetaughtinschoolsacrossthecountry.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------54.Thewriter’spurposeforwritingthisarticleisto_______.A.complainaboutproblemsinschooleducationB.teachstudentsdifferentstrategiesforschoollifeC.advocateteachingconflictmanagementinschoolsD.informteachersofthelateststudiesonschoolviolenceBut后面violence是重心！写作目的题秘诀18：新闻报道写作目的题常用report!【2012全国II卷D篇】ADDISABABA,Ethiopia-Oneoftheworld"smostfamousfossils(化石)-the3.2million-year-oldLucyskeleton(骨骼)unearthedinEthiopiain1974-willgoonanexhibitiontourabroadforthefirsttimeintheUnitedStates,officialssaidTuesday.EventheEthiopianpublichasonlyseenLucytwice.TheLucyonexhibitionattheEthiopianNationalMuseuminthecapital.AddisAbabaisareplicawhiletherealremainsareusuallylockedinasecretstoreroom.AteamfromtheMuseumofNationalServiceintoU.S.tour.TexasspentfouryearsdisscusingwiththeEthiopiansfortheU.S.tour.WhichwillstartinHoustonnext第405页 September."Ethiopia"srichcultureofboththepastandtoday,isoneofthebestkeptsecretsintheworld,"saidJoelBartsch,directoroftheHoustonmuseum.Thesix-yeartourwillalsogotoWashington,NewYork.DenverandChicago.OfficialssaidsixotherU.S.citiesmaybeonthetour.Buttheysaidplanshadnotyetbeenworkedout.TravelingwithLucywillbe190otherfossils.Lucy,hernametakenfromaBeatlessongthatplayedinacampthenightofherdiscovery,ispartoftheskeletonofwhatwasoncea3½-foot-ballape-man(猿人).-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------53.Theauthorwritesthistextmainlyto__.A.introduceafewU.S.museumsB.describesomeresearchworkC.discussthevalueofanape-manD.reportacomingevent阅读出题点与细节题吴军答题法则秘诀9：找到信息点后核对选项，发现照抄原文的不是答案，同义替换的通常是答案，有时结合答案特征，发现的更快！Tanni’senduringsuccesshadbeenpartmotivation(动机),partpreparation,“ThetrainingIdothatenablesmetobeagoodsprinter(短跑运动员)enablesmetobegoodatamarathontoo.Itrain50weeksoftheyearandthatkeepsmepreparedforwhateverdistanceIwanttorace….Iamstillcompetingataveryhighlever,butasIgetolderthingsgetharderandIwanttoretirebeforeIfallapart.”-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------58.Theunderlinedword“that”inthe5thparagraphrefersto_______.（此题容易错选A，但正确答案是C，怎样避开陷阱？）A.fiftyweeks’trainingB.beingagoodsprinterC.trainingalmosteverydayD.partmotivationandpartpreparation阅读文章结构、题材与推论题吴军突破秘诀推论题秘诀3：没有中心句（中心词四选项都有），尾段也没有核对点，则找出题点核对！第405页 【2012福建卷B篇】AtexactlyelevenSirPercivalknockedandentered,withanxietyandworryineverylineofhisface.Thismeetingwoulddecidehisfuturelife，andheobviouslyknewit."Youmaywonder,SirPercival,’’saidLauracalmly,“ifIamgoingtoasktobereleased(免除）frommypromisetomarryyou.Iamnotgoingtoaskthis.Irespectmyfather"swishestoomuch.“汉语标注处是出题核对点！Hisfacerelaxedalittle,butoneofhisfeetkeptbeatingthecarpet."No,ifwearegoingtowithdraw.(退出）fromourplannedmarriage,itwillbebecauseofyourwish,notmine.“Mine?”hesaidingreatsurprise.“WhatreasoncouldIhaveforwithdrawing?’"Areasonthatisveryhardtotellyou,"sheanswered."Thereisachangeinme.”Hisfacewentsopalethatevenhislipslosttheircolor.Heturnedhisheadtooneside."Whatchange?"heasked,tryingtoappearcalm.“Whenthepromisewasmadetwoyearsago,”shesaid,mylovedidnotbelongtoanyone.Willyouforgiveme,SirPercival,ifItellyouthatitnowbelongstoanotherperson?”“Iwishyoutounderstand,“Lauracontinued,“thatIwillneverseethispersonagain,andthatifyouleaveme,youonlyallowmctoremainasinglewomanfortherestofmylife.AllIaskisthatyouforgivemcandkeepmysecret."‘Iwilldoboththosethings,“hesaid.ThenhelookedatLaura,asifhewaswaitingtohearmore."IthinkIhavesaidenoughtogiveyoureasontowithdrawfromourmarriage,“sheaddedquietly.“No.Youhavesaidenoughtomakeitthedearestwishofmylifetomarryyou,“hesaid.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------61.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A.LaurahadoncepromisedtomarryPercivalB.Laura"sfatherwishedtoendhermarriageC.PercivalhadbeenmarriedtoLaurafortwoyearsD.Percivalaskedtobereleasedfromthemarriage文章取材题秘诀5：若首段有小括号,里面有新华,搜狐,网易,新浪,路透,BBC等提示,如(XINHUANET),或每段首句有具体时间信息点,则选项一定与news有关!【2012辽宁卷C篇】第405页 IfConfucius（孔子）werestillalivetodayandcouldcelebratehisSeptember28birthdaywithabigcake,therewouldbealotofcandles.He’dneedafanorastrongwindtohelphimputthemout.WhilemanypeopleinChinawillrememberConfuciusonhisspecialday,fewpeopleintheUnitedStateswillgivehimapassingthought.It’snothingpersonal.MostAmericansdon’tevenrememberthebirthdaysoftheirownnationalheroes.Butthisdoesn’tmeanthatAmericansdon’tcareaboutConfucius.InmanywayshehasbecomeabridgethatforeignersmustcrossiftheywanttoreachadeeperunderstandingofChina.Inthepasttwodecades,theChinesestudiesprogramshavegainedhugepopularityinWesternuniversities.Morerecently,theChinesegovernmenthassetupConfuciusInstitutesinmorethan80countries.TheseschoolsteachbothChineselanguageandculture.ThemaincoursesofChinesecultureusuallyincludedChineseart,historyandphilosophy（哲学）.SomesocialscientistssuggestthatWesternersshouldtakeadvantagesoftheancientChinesewisdomtomakeupforthedrawbacksofWesternersphilosophy.StudentsintheUnitedStates,atthesametime,areracingtolearnChinese.SotheywillbereadyforlifeinaworldwhereChinaisanequalpowerwiththeUnitedStates.BusinessmenwhohopetomakemoneyinChinaarereadingbooksaboutConfuciustounderstandtheirChinesecustomers.Sotheoldthinker’sideasarestillaliveandwell.TodayChinaattractstheWestmorethanever,anditwillneedmoreteacherstointroduceConfuciusandChineseculturetotheWest.Asfortheoldthinker,hewillnotsoonbeforgottenbypeopleintheWest,evenifhisbirthdayis.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------67.Thepassageislikelytoappearin___________.A.abiographyB.ahistorypaperC.anewspaperD.aphilosophytextbook文章取材题秘诀6：文章首尾句看是否有关键信息点,比如book,可能是书的前言或简介,若有价格,与钱有关或访问某网站,则可能是广告(advertisement)!【2010湖北卷C篇】Thisbriefbookisaimedathighschoolstudents,butspeakstoanyonelearningatanystageoflife.第405页 Itsformal,seriousstylecloselymatchesitscontent,aschool-masterlybookonschooling.Theauthor,W.H.Armstrong,startswiththebasics:readingandwriting.Inhisopinion,readingdoesn’tjustmeanrecognizingeachwordonthepage;itmeanstakingintheinformation,digestingitandincorporatingitintooneselfjustasonedigestsasandwichandmakesitapartofhimself.Thegoalistobringtheinformationbacktolife,notjusttotreatitasdeadfactsonpaperfromdeadtrees.Readingandwritingcannotbecompletelyseparatedfromeachother;infact,theaimofreadingistoexpresstheinformationyouhavegotfromthetext.I’veseenitagainandagain：some-onewhocan’texpressanideaafterreadingatextisjustasineffectiveassomeonewhohasn’treaditatall.Onlyathirdofthebookremainsafterthatdiscussion,whichArmstrongdevotestospecifictipsforstudyinglanguages,math,scienceandhistory.Hegenerallyhandlesthesetopicsthoroughly(透彻地)andequally,exceptforsomeweaknessinthescienceandmathsectionsandabittoomuchpassion(激情)regardinghistorytohisstudents,thatwasahundredtimesmorethanmyhistoryteachersevergotacross.Tomydisappointment,inthispartofthebookheignoresthearts.Asamatteroffact,theydemandalltheconcentrationandstudythatmathandsciencedo,thoughthestudydiffersslightlyinkind.Althoughit’scommonlybelievedthattheartscanonlybenaturallyacquired,actually,learningtheartsisnomorenaturalthanlearningFrenchormathematics.Myothercommentisthatthetextaged.Thefirsteditionapparentlydatestothe1960s—noneofthereferences(参考文献)seemnewerthanthelate1950s.Asaresult,thediscussionmissestheentirecomputerage.Thesearesmallpoints,though,anddon’taffectthemaindiscussion.Irecommendittoanystudentandanyteacher,includingtheself-taughtstudent.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------66.Thispassagecanbeclassifiedas________.A.anadvertisementB.abookreviewC.afeaturestoryD.Anewsreport【2012北京卷A篇】TheBasicsofMath—MadeClearBasicMathintroducesstudentstothebasicconceptsofmathematics,aswellasthefundamentalsofmoretrickyareas.These30fantasticlecturesaredesignedtoprovidestudentswithanunderstandingofarithmeticandtopreparethemforAlgebra(代数)andbeyond.第405页 ThelessonsinBasicMathcovereverybasicaspectofarithmetic.Theyalsolookintoexponents(指数),theorderofoperations,andsquareroots.Inadditiontolearninghowtoperformvariousmathematicaloperations,studentsdiscoverwhytheseoperationswork,howaparticularmathematicaltopicrelatestootherbranchesofmathematics,andhowtheseoperationscanbeusedpractically.BasicMathstartsfromtherelativelyeasierconceptsandgraduallymovesontothemoretroublesomeones,soastoallowforsteadyandsureunderstandingofthematerialbystudents.Thelecturesofferstudentsthechanceto“makesense”ofmathematicalknowledgethatmayhaveseemedsofrightening.Theyalsohelpstudentsprepareforcollegemathematicsandovercometheiranxietyaboutthisamazing—andcompletelyunderstandable—fieldofstudy.Bytheconclusionofthecourse,studentswillhaveimprovedtheirunderstandingofbasicmath.Theywillbeabletoclearawaythemystery(神秘性)ofmathematicsandfacetheirstudieswithmoreconfidencethantheyeverimagined.Inaddition,theywillstrengthentheirabilitytoacceptnewandexcitingmathematicalchallenges.ProfessorH.Siegel,honoredbyKentuckyEducationalTelevisionas“thebestmathteacherinAmerica,”isadevotedteacherandhasagiftforexplainingmathematicalconceptsinwaysthatmakethemseemclearandobvious.Fromthebasicconcreteideastothemoreabstractproblems,heismasterinmakingmathlectureslearner-friendlierandlessscary.WithaPhDinMathematicsEducationfromGeorgiaStateUniversity,Dr.SiegelteachesmathematicsatCentralArizonaCollege.Hiscoursesincludevariousmake-upclassesandanumberoflecturesforfutureprimaryschoolteachers.Ifthecoursefailstoprovidecompletesatisfactiontoyou,youcaneasilyexchangeitforanyothercoursethatweoffer.Oryoucangetyourmoneyback.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------59.Whereisthepassagemostlikelytohavebeentakenfrom?A.Anewsreport.B.AbookreviewC.Alessonplan.D.Anadvertisement文体结构题秘诀4：指定段落有aman,oneman,suchas等信号词时,结构为举例(examples).第405页 【2012江西卷D篇】　　Yetsomepeoplewonderiftherevolutionintravelhasgonetoofar.Apricehasbeenpaid,theysay,fortheconquest(征服)oftimeanddistance.Travelissomethingtobeenjoyed,notendured(忍受).Theboatoffersleisureandtimeenoughtoappreciatetheever-changingsightsandsoundsofajourney.Ajourneybytrainalsohasaspecialcharmaboutit.Lakesandforestsandwild,openplainssweepingpastyourcarriagewindowcreateagrandviewinwhichtimeanddistancemeannothing.Onboardaplane,however,thereisjusttheblankblueoftheskyfillingthenarrowwindowoftheairplane.Thesoftlighting,in-flightfilmsandgentlemusicmakeuptheonlyworldyouknow,andthehoursprogressslowly.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------72．HowdoesthewritersupporttheunderlinedstatementinParagraph2?A．Bygivinginstructions．B．Byanalyzingcauseandeffect．C．Byfollowingtheorderoftime．D．Bygivingexamples．【2012全国新课标D篇】Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning,whichcanbestatedasfollows:Oncewehavelearnedsomething,additionallearningtrials(尝试)increasethelengthoftimewewillrememberit.Inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem.Wecontinuetolistentoandremindourselvesofwordssuchas"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"andchildhoodtalessuchasCinderellaandGoldilocks.Wenotonlylearnbutoverlearn.Themultiplicationtables(乘法口诀表)areanexceptiontotheeeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------68.Theauthorexplainsthelawofoverlearningby_________.A.presentingresearchfindingsB.settingdowngeneralrulesC.makingacomparisonD.usingexamples阅读词汇、文章及作者态度题吴军破解规律第405页 词汇答题秘诀12：模凌两可处如何处理？向该词就近信息点靠拢！向高频答案词特征靠拢！选择范围大的！【2011重庆卷A篇】Therewasagardenerwholookedafterhisgardenwithgreatcare.Towaterhisflowers,heusedtwobuckers.Onewasashinyandnewbucket.Theotherwasaveryoldanddilapidatedone,whichhadseenmanyyearsofservice,butwasnowpastitsbest.56.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dilapidated”probablymean?A.DirtyB.DarkC.Worn-outD.Plain-looking.被动答案特征！作者态度题秘诀11：高频答案词caring（关心的；有同情心的）【2012天津卷B篇】45.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMs.Yates?A.Reliableanddevoted.B.Toughandgenerous.C.Proudbutpatient.D.Strictbutcaring.【2012辽宁卷B篇】61.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefamiliesoftheastronautsontheISS?A.ThearecaringandthoughtfulB.TheareimpatientandannoyedC.Theareimpatientandannoyed.D.Theareexcitedandcurious.【2010全国Ⅱ卷A篇】45.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBrownie?A.ShyB.PoliteC.BraveD.Caring第405页 更多阅读高分秘术和高频答案词尽在2013高考英语阅读3天提分秘术教案中.艺考生和体考生只要记住阅读高频答案词,就有可能70%正确,再结合吴老师的2013高考英语阅读高分秘术(技巧密籍:www.sypeterwu.com),一本,二本不再是梦!同时也为考重点大学满分攻略带来了答案原理依据!现在可以开始预定吴军2013高考英语高分秘诀系统教案啦!单买：2013高考英语阅读3天提分秘术教案原价5000元现6折3000元2013高考英语完形3天提分秘术教案原价5000元现5折2500元2013高考英语语法词汇3天提分秘术原价3000元现5折1500元2012高考英语阅读矩阵法则教案原价3200元现3折960元2012高考英语完形易经法则教案原价3200元现3折960元2012高考英语语法词汇高频考点原价2000元现3折600元2012高考英语高频答案词一本通原价2500元现2折500元2011高考英语阅读高分密码原价3000元现2折600元2011高考英语完形高分密码原价2500元现2折500元全套：(教案不含听力,加盟文字系统版不含电子版及1年辅导和策划服务)2013吴军高考英语迅捷提分秘术学生自学版教师授课版加盟系统版辽宁卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4200元12000元20000元新课标(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4200元12000元20000元天津卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4500元12000元20000元第405页 上海卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4500元12000元20000元北京卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4500元12000元20000元浙江卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4500元12000元20000元四川卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4000元12000元20000元重庆卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4000元12000元20000元陕西卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4000元12000元20000元安徽卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4200元12000元20000元广东卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4200元12000元20000元湖南卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4000元12000元20000元湖北卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4500元12000元20000元江西卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4000元12000元20000元江苏卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4200元12000元20000元全国I(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4000元12000元20000元全国II(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4200元12000元20000元福建卷(作文模板及特殊题型免费赠送)4200元12000元20000元请上www.sypeterwu.com或上百度,输入"沈阳高分英语家教吴军"查询!您孩子或许接受过一对一的大型品牌英语家教服务，甚至一线在职教师的辅导，但绝大多数的情况是，您孩子的英语分数纹丝不动甚至下降了！为什么？花言巧语的广告轰炸和信誓旦旦的保分承诺是让很多家长经不起的诱惑！其实很多品牌家教派给您孩子的家教不过是以前在马路上举牌仅值30-50元/小时的应往届毕业生而已！最终，拿回承诺的退费比登山还难，即使退了，也换不来孩子的分数和本应美好的未来！第405页 在职教师有着令人信服的耀眼光环，但该好的当然是好，但该坏的照样是坏的！重点高中的孩子并不是你在职教师教出来的，因为学苗好，都125-130分了，谁教都会一样的好！把普通学校的学生拿给在职教师教，再用在职教师滚瓜烂熟的知识点串讲辅导和拿个五三套题让学生去做，其结果，很难短期内事半功倍！什么北京XX高分突破，60分钟高考英语提分秘诀，2012高分核按纽，选择题高分模板等层出不穷，到底哪个才有效啊？与吴军高分密码有什么区别？有的用名头砸人（比如用北京或上海英语学科带头人，参加过高考出题，享受国务院特殊津贴等作为卖点）；有的用卖成功学陈XX那样的文字广告框人；有的干脆模仿或照抄相关广告文案去骗人，甄别起来，还真是有点困难！真想区别开来，其实是可以找到答案的：骗子是很好鉴别的，一是可以让您的孩子问一些高考英语中阅读和完型很具体的问题，看他或她回答的如何？另外，骗子一般都不留自己的联络地址和电话号码，只留邮箱，QQ号码和银行卡号，让你被骗之后无从寻找。另外，他们还会承诺，不满意，可以退回资料，马上退款，还负责汇款手续费，让你觉得深信不已！其实，仔细想一想，资料都暴漏了，谁拿到后都可以马上复印，若可以退的话，岂不是所有人都可以免费拿到资料了吗？比如，2011年高考的时候就有人假借吴军老师的名义实施骗局！他在网上贴吧和博客上出卖的教案根本不是吴军的核心授课教案,是免费公益版的;另外淘宝网上卖的也是假的,是武汉某某在沈阳吴军高分英语家教网站上或百度文库,英语周报英语教师网及新浪爱问共享资料上免费下载的,是可以免费得到的,然而他却卖你3000元,但其并非吴军本人核心授课教案!声明:没有与沈阳吴军本人联络,且未将款项打入沈阳吴军个人银行帐号的交易与吴军无任何关系,其后果自负!已经上当的家长,请看一下你得到的是类似如下吴军高分教案吗?不要图便宜,还是与吴军本人亲自交易吧!辨别有没有效，好不好使，其实方法也很简单:一要看你教的学生是不是真实的?广告中提分的学员是否留有学校,班级和学生真实姓名及提分幅度?这样一来,知道了班级和姓名就很容易核实了,不符则可称为诈骗,可追究法律责任!不敢留学生真实姓名,只是写上张某某(或从别处粘贴了外地高考状元的照片)并随意说提了50分是不可信的,目的也是可想而知!吴军英语的广告中声称的提分效果,都写明了学校班级和学生姓名及提分幅度,是可信的,也是敢于让公众监督的!比如，吴军英语关于提分在其官网上是这么写的：第405页 2012吴军高考英语成绩公告　　2012年高考已经结束，吴军老师今年承接了一对一或一对二，共计87位考生。其中刨出一个最高分136分（本身来时就130分左右）及考前半个月左右才来学的2位考生，平均提分36.7，再创辉煌！其中值得一提的是，吴老师所授的一名学员英语单科成绩竟然提了90多分，再次刷新了吴老师2009年创造的提73分的最高记录！令人兴奋！最高提90分，刷新2009年最高提73分记录！方美乔，鲁美附中高三3班(考前2个月内在翰林补课班上学)，考生号：12210104130592，考场在50中学,高二下学期来吴军老师处学习时,成绩最高时仅36分，通过在1年多每周一次课的学习，2012年高考成绩为126分，提分90多分，刷新了2009年吴老师创造的最高提73分的记录。作为沈阳隆方房地产公司老板的女儿，家庭条件相当优越，但其从不缺乏刻苦专研精神，最后即将以艺考482分的优异成绩考取鲁迅美术学院!重点高中在职教师不行,不妨再找吴老师试试!刘赫绅,22中高三9班,考生号：12210106150716,考场在53中学,通过某位重点高中参加过高考英语出题的在职教师近1年的一对一补课,成绩始终徘徊在70分左右,但考中国民航大学飞行员的英语小分必须达到90分.后来其母亲沈阳雏鹰小学马老师通过2011年考取一本B段涉外高护专业的沈阳4中胡兢元的母亲鼎立推荐,找到了吴军老师,此时距离2012年高考还有不到2个半月的时间,通过每周一、三、五下午17:30-19:00近30课的学习,最终将以2012年高考英语101分的成绩如愿以偿!短期火箭式提分有秘方!高考前3个月,词汇量能达到初三下学期水平,本身有强烈的提分欲望,能刻苦专研，没有心理障碍的学员，基本上，或者说2005-2012历年99%提分。徐可，沈阳4中高三0班，考生号：12210106110515，考场在15中学,总分605（过理科一本线）。2012年高考英语为125分。来时100多分，通过短期10课的学习，分数提了近20分；王天池，沈阳120中，考生号：12210105150840，考场在省实验中学，总分478（过理科二本线）。2012年高考英语为89分。来时接近40分，通过短期集中20多课的学习，分数提了近50分；袁小力，鲁美附中高三1班艺考生，考生号：12210104130667，考场在50中学,总分436。按其成绩排名基本上可以考取鲁美。通过短期集中20课的学习，其由来时的30多分，上升到本次高考66分，分数翻倍，险过小分！第405页 蒋同学，沈阳31中高三艺考生，考生号:12210102170004，考场在38中学,通过8次课的集中学习，成绩由原来的80分左右提到2012年高考英语109分！更多提分详细资料，请亲临咨询！对于携带记者证或预交1课学费者，可以全部查询相关提分信息，并任意抽查3-5位同学父母的联络方式核实！也可根据其所在学校班级，二次核实！（链接2011年吴军老师亲授学员成绩公告）吴军亲授考生共83人参加了2011年高考,去掉一个最高分东北育才本部137分,去掉一个艺考最低分(临时只学了7次课,来时33分,2011年高考61分),平均提分31.5分! 2011年沈阳高分英语家教吴军一对一亲授中考生学员共计39人，140分以上占97.17%；130-140之间为0%；120-130之间占2.73%，没有120分以下的。其中21人达到了145分或以上，有“两匹黑马”值得一提，他们一个是辽宁省实验中学北校区初三8班的杨淇，另一位是沈阳7中初三21班的童俊豪，他们来吴军老师这儿学习时均为120分或以下，本次2011年沈阳中考英语成绩均达到了146分。----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------许译鲁美附中高三1班,考生号:11210104130303；宁莹莹鲁美附中高三3班2011届高三文科艺考生,考生号:11210702130017；黄钰乔沈阳27中高三13班,考生号:11210105130331,2011年高考英语分别提高了30-55分不等，已被一批本科鲁迅美术学院和中央美术学院录取！卢涵沈阳铁路中学高三11班2011届高三艺考生,考生号:11210105130901,李奕宣沈阳同泽女中学高三3班2011届高三艺考生,考生号:112101053130422,2011年高考英语成绩分别提高了30-35分不等，已被中国传媒大学文编专业和天津师范大学播音专业录取！李晨晖沈阳2中2011届高三考生,考生号:11210103151002,总分:651分,理科,一本线重点大学,来吴军高分英语前110-120分,本次高考英语成绩为127分;杨嘉睿东北育才双语2011届高三4班考生,考生号:11210102111097,总分:559分,理科,预估一本线,来吴军高分英语前120分,本次高考英语成绩为130分;鲁菲沈阳120中7班2011届高三考生,考生号:11210105110762,总分:544分,理科,一本线,来吴军高分英语前110分,考前共学5课,本次高考英语成绩为119分。姜萧栩沈阳雨田中学初三2班考号：0610201162011年沈阳中考英语成绩为145分；杨淇辽宁省实验中学北校区初三8班考号：0510089062011年沈阳中考英语成绩为146分；王一乾沈阳雨田中学初三2班考号：0610204062011年沈阳中考英语成绩为146分；袁若琳沈阳雨田中学初三1班考号：0610211022011年沈阳中考英语成绩为144分；童俊豪沈阳7中初三21班考号：0310095212011年沈阳中考英语成绩为146分；张天爱沈阳雨田中学初三1班考号：0610194142011年沈阳中考英语成绩为144分。第405页 2012吴军高考英语3天提分秘诀辽宁卷效果示例一、知识点和词汇全部押对！举几个2012高考英语辽宁卷单选的例子：吴军老师帮您筛选的30多个形容词和副词，大家看一看，是不是都在下列备选项中？22.Weusedtoseeeachother,butIhaven’theadfromhimsincelastyear.A.especiallyB.regularlyC.particularlyD.approximately有些连知识点都不用，只是通过吴军老师教你的正负/过程和结果解题法就所向披靡了！通过正负，可知A和D可选！再通过过程和结果，可知A.withpleasure强调的是结果，说明借过后，表示荣幸，所以不符！电话还没借呢，故只有D符合。23.—I’mterriblysorrytointerrupt,butmayIuseyourphone?It’sratherurgent.—Yes,.A.withpleasureB.noburryC.itdoesn’tmatterD.ofcourse2012吴军高考语法与词汇单项选择题3天提分密码B-1第25页，Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。这儿是说根据学校规定学生在校时都必须要穿校服。24.Oneofourrulesisthateverystudentwearschooluniformwhileatschool.A.mightB.couldC.shallD.will2012吴军高考语法与词汇单项选择题3天提分密码B-2第25页，有宾语主动,无宾语被动！follow后面有宾语，with的宾语后面可加形容词、副词、分词、不定式、名词等作宾补，这儿petdog与follow构成主谓关系，所以用following.25.Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdogthem.A.tofollowB.followingC.followedD.follows2012吴军高考英语高频答案词一本通第108页，Rod喜欢拆卸钟表，然而，他从来都不能再重新装好。所以选B项。另外However两边句子相反，看到put……together,当然相反的就是takingapart啦！26.Rodlovesclocks.However,henevermanagestoputthemtogetheragain.第405页 A.takingapartB.givingawayC.makingupD.turningoff2012吴军高考语法与词汇单项选择题3天提分密码B-1第6页，one作“一个”，“一本”，“一件”等解，用来代替上文提到过的paper。相当于acopyofpaper.28.Ifyou’rebuyingtoday’spaperfromthestand,couldyougetforme?A.oneB.suchC.thisD.that2012吴军高考语法与词汇单项选择题3天提分密码B-2第13页，把你的钥匙留给你的邻居，以防你把自己锁在外面了。所以选C项。30.Leaveyourkeywithyourneighboryoulockyourselfoutoneday.A.aslongasB.eventhoughC.incaseD.asif2012吴军高考语法与词汇单项选择题3天提分密码B-3第4页，Notuntil位于句首时句子要倒装，considerhavingaholidayabroad这个动作发生在retire之后，所以用一般过去时。32.Notuntilheretiredfromteachingthreeyearsagohavingaholidayabroad.A.hehadconsideredB.hadheconsideredC.heconsideredD.didheconsider2012吴军高考语法与词汇单项选择题3天提分密码B-1第26页，在句型“It’shigh/verytimethat…”中，从句中的谓语动词用did或shoulddo.所以选D项。33.Jackisagreattalker.It’shightimethathesomethinginsteadofjusttalking.A.willdoB.hasdoneC.doD.did2012吴军高考语法与词汇单项选择题3天提分密码B-2第18页，名词性从句4个高频答案词，介词for后面加的是宾语从句，且从句中find缺少宾语，故用whatever，选C。34.ThenewcomerwenttothelibrarytheotherdayandscarchedforhecouldfindaboutMarkTwain.A.whereverB.howeverC.whateverD.whichever第405页 二、完形技巧+高频答案词，挑战高分！举几个2012高考英语辽宁卷完形填空的例子来回忆一下吴军老师的完形易经，骄傲一下自己当时精明的选择！首尾或上下段落呼应，复现解决问题！WhenGlenKrugerpickedasmallcatfromananimalshelter,hedidnotexpectmuch.Yetrightfromthestart,eightyearsago,therewasanuncommonconnectionbetweenhimandthesmallblackcat.He36herInky.“Igrewuponahundred-acrefarmandhadonlycats37playmates,”Kruger,Theseventy-year-oldman,says.“Myhearingwasdamagedbythe38offarmepuipment,soIlearnedtoconnectwith39.39.A.animalsB.friendsC.farmersD.neghbors46inapoolofbloodonthebasementfloor,Krugerfelt47goingintoshock（休克）.Heshoutedforhelp,48hiswife,Brenda,wasasleepintheirbedroomattheoppositeendofthehouse.49KrugernoticedInkywatchingfromthetopofthestairs.“GogetBrenda,”KruggersaidtoInky.Inky50tothebedroomdoorandscratched51untilBrendaopenedit.ThenInkyledhertothe52Brendafoundherhusband53thestairsandcalled911.52.A.bedroomB.basementCyardD.house通过同现解决问题！看到rushed后就知道很匆忙，故50空纠结时，通过同现校正答案，就不能误选C了，ran与rushed同现；51空是C还是D呢？Inky是猫，madly更贴切；53空，叫911送医院了，说明掉楼梯底下了。Inky50tothebedroomdoorandscratched51untilBrendaopenedit.ThenInkyledhertothe52Brendafoundherhusband53thestairsandcalled911.Krugerwasrushedtothehospital.50.A.walkedB.ranC.returnedD.withdrew51.A.rapidlyB.suddenlyC.madlyD.urgently53.A.atthebottomofB.inthemiddleofC.atthetopofD.inthefrontof第405页 通过正负解决问题！“Myhearingwasdamagedbythe38offarmepuipment,soIlearnedtoconnectwith39.Theyreacttowhattheyseeandwhatyoudo.”38.A.soundB.alarmC.noiseD.voice三、吴军英语阅读迅捷技巧+矩阵法则，挑战满分！找不到主旨句或四个选项都带中心词时，看出题点，即每段首尾句和有汉语标注的地方等，然后通过复现和同现就解决了！Astronautsonshortershuttlemissions（使命）oftenworkverylongdays.Tasksarescheduledsotightlythatbreaktimesareoftenusedtofinishtheday’swork.ThistypeofscheduteisfartoodemandingforlongmissionsontheInternaitionalSpaceSttation（ISS）.ISScrewmembersusuallyliveinspaceforatleastaquarterofayear.TheyworkfivedaysonandtwodaysofftomimicthenormalwaytheydothingsonEarthasmuchaspossible.Weekendsgivethecrewvaluable.Weekendsgivethecrewvaluabletimetorestanddoafewhoursofhousework.Theycancommunicatewithfamilyandfriendsbyemail,isternetphoneandthrohghPrivatevideoconferenes.Whileastronautscannotgotoabaseballgameoramovieinorbit,therearemanyfamiliaractiveticsthattheycanstillenjoy.Beforeamission.ThefamilyandfriendsofeachISScrewmemberputtogetheracollectionoffamilyphotos,messages,videosandreadingmaterialforTheastromautstolookatwhentheywillbefloating370kilometersabovetheEarth.Duringtheirmissiom,thecrewalsoreceivescarepackageswithCDs,books,magazines,photosandletters.Andasfromearly2010,theinternetbecameavailableontheISS,givingastronaoutsthechancetodosome“websurfing（冲浪）”intheirpersonaltime.Besidesrelaxingwiththesemorecommomentertainments,astromautscansimplyenjoytheexperienceoflivinginspace.ManyastronautssaythatoneofthemostrelaxingthingstodoinspaceistolookoutthewindowandstareattheuniverseandtheEarth’svastlandmassandoceans.63.Thepassagemainlydiscusseshowastronauts.（2012辽宁卷阅读B篇）A.workforlongermissionsinspaceB.connectwithpeopleontheEarthC.observetheEarthfromspaceD.spendtheirfreetimeinspace词汇13大解题思路使您茅塞顿开！本题仅用代入法就解决了问题！Astronautsonshortershuttlemissions（使命）oftenworkverylongdays.Tasksarescheduledsotightlythatbreaktimesareoftenusedtofinishtheday’swork.ThistypeofscheduteisfartoodemandingforlongmissionsontheInternaitionalSpaceSttation（ISS）.ISScrewmembersusuallyliveinspaceforatleasta第405页 quarterofayear.TheyworkfivedaysonandtwodaysofftomimicthenormalwaytheydothingsonEarthasmuchaspossible.Weekendsgivethecrewvaluable.Weekendsgivethecrewvaluabletimetorestanddoafewhoursofhousework.60.Whatdoestheword“minic”inParagraph1probablymean?（2012辽宁卷阅读B篇）A.FindB.CopyC.ChangeD.Lose找到minic这个动词的宾语way，waytheydothings做事的方式，Find发现？；Copy模仿？Change改变？Lose失去？waytheydothings做事的方式，当然是模仿做事的方式喽！A大于B，则选A。Inthepasttwodecades,theChinesestudiesprogramshavegainedhugepopularityinWesternuniversities.Morerecently,theChinesegovernmenthassetupConfuciusInstitutesinmorethan80countries.TheseschoolsteachbothChineselanguageandculture.ThemaincoursesofChinesecultureusuallyincludedChineseart,historyandphilosophy（哲学）.SomesocialscientistssuggestthatWesternersshouldtakeadvantagesoftheancientChinesewisdomtomakeupforthedrawbacksofWesternersphilosophy.StudentsintheUnitedStates,atthesametime,areracingtolearnChinese.SotheywillbereadyforlifeinaworldwhereChinaisanequalpowerwiththeUnitedStates.BusinessmenwhohopetomakemoneyinChinaarereadingbooksaboutConfuciustounderstandtheirChinesecustomers.65.WecanlearnfromParagraph4thatAmericanstudents______。（2012辽宁卷阅读C篇）A.haveagreatinterestinstudyingChineseB.takeanactivepartinChinesecompetitionsC.trytogethighscoresinChineseexamsD.fightforachancetolearnChinese65题根据题干关键字Americanstudents文章定位，就近原则参考点为racingtolearnChinese.有些同学在A和D之间纠结。如果确实区分有困难的话，可以根据“A大于D，则选A。”原则，则选A。矩阵法则解题:出题点;与中心词沾边;答案特征;答题步骤;核对规则.69.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?（2012辽宁卷阅读D篇）A.Thecustomerswhocannotpaycanwordasvolunteersinstead.B.MorevolunteerswillgotonewOrleansforthehurricanecleanup.第405页 C.Manynewcafeswillbeopenedtoofferfreelunchesinthetown.D.Thelunchmenuhasremainedthesamesincethecaféwasstarted.69题出题点在尾句,更有出题信号词instead ;选项中A是前后矛盾的句子,符合答案特征;选项A中含有的volunteers是文章反复出现的中心词,所以答案就可以选A了.四、洞穿7选5秘诀,吴军高考英语运筹帷幄！答题步骤:首句定位;排比;逻辑关系;指代+同现或复现;连接词+同现或复现;先易后难,缩小范围,从而高分突破!HowtoMakeFriendsFriendshipisaveryimportanthumanrelationshipandeveryoneneedsgoodfriends.Goodfriendshiphasmanybenefits.Itofferscompanionship,improvesself-worthandpromotesgoodhealth.Therearetimesinourlivessuchaswhenwehaverecentlymovedintoanewtown,orchangedourjobsorschools.Suchchangesoftenleavesuswithoutafriend71.Butformanyofustheprocessisdifficultandrequirescourage.Belowaresomehelpfulsuggestionsonhowtomakeandkeepfriends.1.Associatewithothers.Thefirststeptomakingfriendsisassociatingwithotherpeople.Youcangotopublicplacestomeetnewpeople.Besides,youwillneedtomakeyourselfknownbybecominganactivememberofsuchplaces.2.StartaconversationStartingaconversationisthesecondmostimportantstepinmakingnewfriends.72Youcanalwaysstarttheconversation.Beingabletomakesmalltalkisaveryusefulskillinrelatingwithotherpeople.3.73Choosingfriendswithcommoninterestsisimportantinbuildingfriendshipastheseinterestswouldalwaysbringyouandyourfriendtogether,Hangingoutwillalwaysbeapleasantexperience.4.Letitgrow.Itisagoodthingtostayintouch.However,trynottopressyournewfriendwithcalls,messagesorvisitsasthiswouldlikelywearhimorheroutandfinallyyoumayloseyourfriend.74.Thebestfriendshipsaretheonesthatgrownaturally.5.EnjoyyourfriendshipThebestwaytoenjoyyourfriendshipistoallowyourfriendstobethemselves.75Trynottochangethemfromwhotheyaretowhatyouwantthemtobe.Becomethekindoffriendyouwillwantyourfriendtobetoyou.第405页 A.Becheerful.B.Dothingstogether.C.Donotwaittobespokento.D.Trynottofindfaultwithyourfriends.E.Makingnewfriendscomeseasyforsomepeople.F.Forafriendshiptodevelopyouneedtostayintouch.G.Soyouwillneedtogiveyourfriendtimetoreacttoyou.71空发现复现词friend,根据吴军高考英语7选5法则转折关系(形容词或副词相反,转折),选E;72空根据吴军7选5法则同现原则,spokento与conversation关联,所以选C;73空看到每段都是祁使句,而只有B项中有与原文中的复现词together,所以选B;74空就近原则指代一致you,复现一致yourfriend,所以选G;75空后面有them,说明前面有复数名词,再加上否定句结构排比Trynotto,所以75空选D.五、改错探秘,吴军教案看7遍,错点全部找到！DearDiana,Thankyouforthelovelydaywehavewithyou.ItwassokindforyoutoletusbringAnne"shadoffriend.Gina.Unfortunate,theonlyproblemwasthejourneyhome.TherehadbeenaterribleUnfortunatelyaccidentonthehighwayand,foraresult,therewasalonglineoftrafficforatleastsixmile.Inasmilestheend,wedrovetoaservicestationandwaitedthereunlesstheroadwasclear.Inthecarparkuntilhere,Ginanearlygotknockedoveras∧cardroveoutfartooquicklyfrombehindalorry.TheythereaWefinallydroppedGinaoffatherparents"andmadeourownwaytohome.请购买2012高考英语3天提分秘诀教案(增购7选5和改错版)的顾客仔细核对:1.第1句have→had,参考吴军改错教案一23页,由后面的was可知，这儿应该用过去时态。2.第2句for→of,参考吴军改错教案二3页押中原题,It’skindofyou为固定用法。第405页 3.第3句Unfortunate→Unfortunately,参考吴军改错教案一18页押中原题,用副词作状语。4.第4句for→as,考吴军改错教案二2页,asaresult固定搭配。5.第4句mile→miles,参考吴军改错教案一4-5页,mile是可数名词，并且前面是six.6.第5句unless→until,考吴军改错教案二4-5页,这儿后面一句是一个时间状语从句，意思是我们一直等到路通了。7.第6句here→there,参考吴军改错教案一16-19页,叙述的是别的地方发生的事，所以用there.8.第6句car前加a,参考吴军改错教案一1页,car不是特指，并且是可数名词，所以前面要加a.9.第7句they→we,参考吴军改错教案一9页押中原题,叙述的是我们做的事，所以用we.10.第7句去掉to,参考吴军改错教案二2页押中原题,makeone’swayhome中home为副词，所以前面不用介词to。2013吴军高考英语迅捷提分秘术!版权所有,侵权必究!同行抄袭可耻,转载注明出处!Unit8motivationn.动机；积极性；复习：motivate;v.激发；激动促动；复习;drive;inspire;insporation;stimulate;dictation;听写；口授；命令；correctionn.correct;v.改正；修改；alphabet;n.字母表；alpha;阿尔法〔希腊语字母表首字母α，相当于英语的a〕。stickvt.(stuck;stuck)伸出；粘住；停止；复习：stickto坚持；insiston;effectiveadj.有效的；复习：effectn.efficient;高效的；acquirevt.学到；获得；acquistion;n.复习：require;get;obtain;makesense有意义；说得通；复习;matter;makeno/some/muchsense(of);inotherwords换言之；换句话说；复习：inaword简言之；awful;adj.可怕的;复习：terrible;[口语〕非常，极其。I"mawfulgladyoucame.你来了，我非常高兴;instruct;vt.教导；指示；instruction;复习：teach;educate;coach;datan.资料；数据；〔此词系datum的复数。但datum罕用，一般即以data作为集合词，在口语中往往用单数动词；如系指一件资料，则说作thisdata〕。Thedataisnotenoughtobeconvincing.资料不足，尚难令人信服。复习：material;date;比较：medium;media;bacterium;bacteria;acdemic;adj.学术的；学院的；comprehension理解，理解力;beabove[pass,bebeyond]comprehension难理解，不可解。复习：understanding;anxious;adj.忧虑的；焦急的；令人但有的；复习：anxiety;eager;secure;adj.安心的；不必担心的；有把握的;复习：safe;sure;ensure;insure;takearisk;冒险；复习：danger;adventure;第405页 experimentwith进行试验、实验；复习：try;trial;translator;n.译员；interpretor;口译；patience;n.病人；耐心；复习：patient;助记：是病人就要有耐心；adopt;v.采用；采纳；接受；收养；比较;adapt;适应；adoptaproposal采纳提议。wordsadoptedfromaforeignlanguage外来语。pile;n.堆；叠；vi;.堆(upon)积蓄(up)堆积；层积；1.堆积，堆；火葬柴堆(＝funeralpile)。2.大量，大批，大块；高大建筑物；〔口语〕钱堆，财产;apileof;一堆；pilesof;大堆；大批、量；复习：mile;pill药；tyre;轮胎；装轮胎；复习：tire疲倦，累(with)厌倦(of)。使疲倦；使厌倦。Walkingsoontiresme.我一走路就累。ShenevertiresofspeakingEnglish.她讲起英语来从不厌倦。tiredown把…追赶到跑不动，使疲惫到精疲力尽，逐渐微弱。tireout＝tiretodeath使疲倦到极度(Iamtiredout.我累得要死，十分疲倦)；overweightadj;发胖；超重的；anoverweightluggage过重行李。vt.使…装载过重；使…负担过重；在重量上超过。putanend/stopto;bringtoanend;结束；使……中断、停止；operation;手术；运转；操作；复习：operate;v.theoperationofamachine机器的运转；inoperation活动着；运转着；施行着。performanoperation(onsb.foradisease)(给某人)动(外科)手术。putintooperation实施，施行。undergoanoperation受手术。knockdown;knockabout[around]1.接连敲打；乱打，乱敲。2.殴打，虐待，(浪等)冲打(船只)。knockagainst1.碰撞；同…冲突。2.偶然遇见。knockat敲(门、窗等);knockatthewrongdoor找错了门路)。knockaway敲下，敲掉。level;standad;n.水平；标准；复习：scale;junior;年少的；等级低的；复习：senior;年长的；等级较高的；aseniorstatesman富有资历的政治家。aseniorofficer高级军官。aseniorman高班(学)生。aseniorcitizen老年人〔尤指退休老人〕；juniormiddleschool;初中；seniormiddleschool高中；primaryschool小学;fallbehind;落后；跟不上。.拖欠。fallbeyond属于…外，在…外；fallinto1.陷入(网等)中；陷入(坏习惯等)中，fallintothehabitofdoing；falloff1.下降，跌落。2.减退，销路减少；衰退；堕落;association社团；协会；复习：CBA；NBA；associate把…同…联系起来(with)。Beassociatedwithsb.Inanenterprise与某人联合从事一项企业；appropriate;adj.适当的，合适的;beappropriatefor[to]适于，合乎postcode;n.邮编；复习：code;(电)码，代码，密码，暗码；代号，略号，暗号;Unit9第405页 abuse;v.滥用；虐待；abuseone"sprivilege滥用特权；Awordofabuse骂人话。复习：accuse;控告[告发]某人犯某罪(of);谴责[指控]某人(for);把某事归罪于某人(for)。insurance；保险（业）；复习：insure；保险，给…保险;保障，为…提供保证。assure;保证，担保，确告;使安心，让…放心;Iassureyouofhishonesty.(那人)包你老实可靠。assureone"slife保人寿险。assureoneselfof弄清楚，查明(Imustassuremyselfoftherealsituation.我必须查明真实情况)。Iassureyouthat...包你…。carpenter;n.木匠；复习：carpet:地毯，桌毯；毛毯，绒毯；wood;woodcutter;伐木工人；樵夫；木刻家。layoff下岗；解雇；复习：beoutofjob;income；收入；复习：profit；wage;salary;outcome结果；成果；后果;输出口；〔比喻〕出路。input;输入;import;export;tomakethingworse;更糟糕的是；更危险、困难的；（作插入语）；=what’sevenworse;what’smore;不仅如此；hopeless;无望；绝望；=desperate悲观失望的，穷途末路的，无可救药的;极想得到的;clinic;诊所；门诊部；doctor’soffice;复习;waiting-room;形近：picnic;野餐，郊游；allowance;n.津贴，补助，零用钱;复习：bonus;奖金；额外津贴;award;奖品;fundamental;adj.basic;基本的；基础的；词中词：fund资金，基金，专款;mental;智慧的，智[脑]力的。精神的，思想的；心理的(opp.corporal)。pressure;n.压力；压强；复习：press;压，按;印刷;consult;v.咨询；查阅；consultadictionary查词典。consultadoctor找医生诊治。chemist药剂师；化学家；复习：chemicial;chemistry;statistics;统计数字[资料]，统计表〔用作复数;fee;税；会费，学费，报名费，入场费;复习：fare;charge;bill;fund;nationwide全国性的；遍及全国的；makeendsmeet使收支相抵；量入为出；unfortunate；复习：fortunate;(不)幸运的；unfortunately;unluckily;tailor;n.裁缝；复习：sailor;incident;n.小事；事件；事情；事故；事变。event;matter;occurance;复习：accident;significance;n.意义；重要性；复习：significant;adj.有意义的;重要的，重大的，值得注意的。bench;n.长凳；条凳;aparkbench公园长凳。anexperimentalbench试验架。acarpenter"sbench木工工作台。stool;凳子；搁脚凳;sink;n/v;(sank,〔古、美〕sunksunk,sunken)洗涤槽；污水池；下沉；下垂；下沉，坍下去，塌下去，下陷。第405页 thesunsinksinthewest.太阳落在西方。Thefloodsaresinkingrapidly.洪水正在急退中；jar;n.广口瓶；罐；坛子，瓶子；lid;n.盖子；复习：cover;devotion;devote;献身；奉献；忠心；dvote…to…Unit10garbage;n.垃圾；复习：litter;rubbish;waste；形近：garage;车库；cabbage;baggage;luggage;maid;n女仆；.婢，侍女，处女，未婚女子，闺女；〔诗〕少女，姑娘。anoldmaid老处女。alady"smaid侍女。prince;n王子；复习：princess;公主；outcome;n.结果；效果；比较：income收入；penny;便士；分；(pl.pence,pennies);表示价格的复数用pence;表示辅币个数的复数用pennies.;cent;change;零钱；six-pennyseries六便士丛书currency;money;Apennysavedisapennygained.省一文就得一文。Apennysoulnevercometotwopence.小气鬼成不了大事。Takecareofthepence,andthepoundswilltakecareofthemselves.小事留意，大事顺利。grocery;杂货店；〔美常用pl.〕食品，杂货。复习：store;shop;bakery;n.面包房；复习：bake;烤；焙；烧；baker面包师傅;烤箱〔美国〕烧烤会餐。barbecue;〔美国〕(吃烧烤全牲的)野外大宴会。复习：picnic;野餐；野炊；weep;(wept;wept);v.哭泣；比较：cry;sob;抽噎，啜泣；哽咽，呜咽;wail;痛哭，大哭;howl;嚎，嗥叫。复习：sweep；扫地;furnish;v.装饰；提供家具；装备，布置，装修(房屋)。furnishsb.withsth.＝furnishsth.tosb.供给某人某种东西。awellfurnishedshop货物齐全的商店。furnishedroomstolet.备有家具的房间出租。befurnishedwith备有;复习：furniture;decorate;shabby;adj.(衣衫)褴褛的；破旧的;寒酸的；ashabbystreet肮脏的马路。ashabbyfellow卑鄙的家伙；小气鬼；mean;mailbox;邮箱；信箱；复习：postbox;〔英国〕信箱；邮筒;bell;n.钟声；铃声；钟，铃；门铃；electricbells电铃。Ahandbell手摇铃。Adoorbell门铃attendto处理；照顾；关照；lookafter;takecareof;rag;碎布；破布；复习：inrags穿破衣服；Hehasnotaragtohisback.他衣不蔽体。rare;adj.稀少；罕见的；复习：unusual;infrequent;regular;比较：area面积；平地；地区，地方；takeapridein;=beproudof感到自豪；garment;n.一件衣服；外衣;外套;长袍。aladygarment-edinsilk一位穿着绸衣服的女士；复习：clothes;blouse;短上衣trousers;vest;T-shirt;skirt;uniform;制服；doup=dressup打扮；第405页 carpet;n.地毯；桌毯；毛毯，绒毯。复习：blanket毛毯，绒被；毛毡状物，层，垫。cushion软垫，椅垫，靠垫;barbershop理发店；barber理发师；复习：haircut;anecdote；n.逸事；轶闻；复习：tale故事；letdown使失望；不支持；=disappoint;booklet小册子；leaflet小叶，嫩叶;传单；广告mutton羊肉；比较：beef;pork;复习button;按钮；stove;n.火炉；电炉，加热器。复习：heater;oven灶，炉，炭窑，干燥炉；烘箱;baggage;n.行李；luggage;suitcase;复习：cabbage;白菜；pale;adj.苍白；浅色；暗淡复习：gray/grey灰白；prayer;n.祈祷；祷告；复习：pray请求，恳求(for)祷告，祈祷(to)；复习;beg;request;urge;fixsth.on/upon;fixone’seyeson全神贯注于；凝视；复习：stareat;focuson;approve;v.批准；通过；认可；赞成；反义：disapprove;disapproval;n.复习：arrival；survival生存；残存；幸存；anyhow;adv.无论如何；至少；复习：anywhere;shave;v.刮脸；修面；剃胡须；剃刀，刮刀;复习：save;have;comb;v./n.梳头；梳子；复习：tomb;tortoies;乌龟；复习：zebra;atlength=atlast;eventually;最后；终于；flash;vi.闪烁；闪光；复习：ash;shine;flesh;simplify;vt.简化；simple;simply;brief;简洁的；Unit11criterion;标准；尺度；(pl.复数-ria)(评判等的)标准，准则。同义：standard;level;scale;stickwith;继续支持；保持联系；复习：stickto坚持；pullout;从……中退出；Thedrawerwon"tpullout.抽屉拉不开。atrainpullingoutofthestation一列开出车站的火车。pullin.使后退，缩(头等)。.(火车等)到站；船靠近(海岸)。逃走，离开pulloff.忙着脱(衣服、鞋等)。做好，完成；协定。实行。.开(船)；(船)离开。summary;总结；摘要；复习：sum,总数，总计，总额；primary主要的，为首的，第一位的;percentage,百分比；百分率；复习：percent;cent;questionaire问卷；调查表；复习：millionaire百万富翁；survey调查reputation,n.名声；名誉；复习：fame;credit信用，信任;名誉，名望，声望;haveareputationfor＝havethereputationof因…而著名，以…闻名，有…的名气。liveuptoone"sreputation不负盛名；repute名誉，名声，名望，信用;colleague同事；比较：college;fellow;mate;第405页 suspect;vt.怀疑；不相信；同义：suppose;wonder;staff全体职工；全体雇员；复习：clerk;crew乘务员，(中下级)船员;同事们，工友们;personnel;人员；人事部门；inreality;实际上；=infact;asamatteroffact;actual;temporary;暂时的；临时的；反义：permanent永久的，不变的，耐久的；持久的，经久的;regular;规则的；coach教练；家庭教师；辅导员；(长途)公共汽车。carriage(四轮)马车；〔英国〕(铁路)客车车厢(＝〔美国〕car);复习：train;judge;cooperate;合作；协作；复习：operate;操作，工作；(机械等)动作；运转;uncertain;不确切；不确定；复习：certain;sure;expection;期望；期待；意料;复习：liveuptoone’sexpection不辜负某人的期望；division;分割；划分；同义：separation;partion;distribution;复习：divide;v.keepaneyeon照料；照管；注意；复习：attendto;lookafter;compromise;n.妥协；和解；折衷；词中词：promise许诺；近义：cooperation;negotiation谈判；excite;vt.使激动；复习：exciting;excited;regulation;n.规则；条例；近义;rule;复习：regular;adj规则的；bureaucratic;官僚的；复习：bureau;(政府机构的)局(＝〔英国〕office)；司(＝〔英国〕department)；处，办公署。办公桌，写字台;takeintoconsideration考虑；take…intoaccount;dynamic;动力的；强有力的；复习：dynmo发电机;口语〕勤奋肯干的人，精力充沛的人;shortcoming;缺点;复习：weakness;disadvantage;embarrass;vt.尴尬；为难；be[feel]embarrassed；局促不安；复习：frustrate挫败(敌人)；破坏(计划等)，阻挠;befrustratedin在…方面归于失败；终成画饼。contradictory;矛盾的；对立的；复习：oppose;opposing;反义：harmony;violent;adj.暴力的；强烈的；复习：violent;n.暴力；resign;v.辞职；退休；同义：retire;ambitious;adj.有雄心的；复习：ambition;n.抱负，志气，雄心;复习：determined;motivated;asawhole;普遍说来；作为整体；复习：generallyspeaking;inall;definite;adj.确切的；肯定的；复习：certain;sure;congratulate;v.祝贺；庆祝；复习：congratulation;n.同义：celebrate;smooth;adj.顺利的；光滑的；平坦的；近义：plain;平坦的；光滑的；复习：flat；smooth;反义：rough;粗糙的；finance;n./v.财政；金融；资金；复习：fund第405页 combination;n;结合；混合；复习：combine;v.becombinedwith与…结合着;join;connect;unite;bride;n.新娘；复习：bridegroom;新郎；shame;n.羞耻；惭愧；复习：pity;ashamed;adj.pursue;v.追求；追逐；复习：be/goafterdecline;v.拒绝；减弱；变小；复习：resist;reject;decrease;reduce;turndown;oral;adj.口头的；口述的；spoken;Unit12load;n.负担；负荷；复习：burden;aloadofcare精神负担。aloadofdebt债务的负担。beeverreadytobearaheavyloadonone"sshoulders勇于挑重担。V.把货装到(船、车等)上；装(货)。aheartloadedwithcare心事重重。atableloadedwithdelicacies摆满佳肴的桌子。airloadedwithcarbon充满碳气的空气。loadone"sstomachwithfood吃得太多。loadsb.withpraise极力称赞某人。loadacamerawithfilm给照相机装胶卷。复习：download下载；workload工作负担；strict;adj.严格；严厉；复习：destrict地区；gentle;温柔；hard;severe;cruel;compulsory;adj.义务的；必须做的；必修的；复习：equired;necessary;essential;commitment;n.承诺；保证；复习：committee委员会;guarantee；assuarance;tobeginwith开始；起初；第一；复习：inthefirstplace;sceptical;adj.怀疑的；复习：wonder;doubt;tendency;n.倾向；趋势；复习：tendtoabsent;adj.缺席的；不在的；复习：absence;dropout(of)退出；辍学；复习：leaveschool;graduate;expand;v.扩大；增强；复习：enlarge;increase;spreadout;extend;distribute;v.分配；分布；复习：handout;giveout;resultin产生；导致（某种作用或结果）；复习：leadto;resultfrom由……引起；corporation;n.公司；法人团体；同义：firm;company;donate;捐赠；赠送；donatebloodtoabloodbank向血库捐血。donate1,000dollarstoanorphanage向孤儿院捐赠1，000美元;TheyusedtodonatetotheRedCrosseveryyear.他们每年捐钱给红十字会；同义：giveaway.让掉，赠送；分送，分发。curriculum;n.全部课程;必修课程;复习：course;第405页 ministry;n.部；部长的任务[职务、任期]。常作M-〕〔英国〕内阁；〔英国〕(政府的)部(＝〔美国〕department)；wordwide遍及全世界的；全国的；复习：nationwide；aspect;n.方面；局势，形势，abeautifulaspect好景；美观。athinginitstrueaspect事物的真相。Thehousehasasouthernaspect.那间房子朝南。thephysicalaspectofChina中国的地势。consideraquestioninallitsaspects由各方面考虑问题。assume[takeon]anewaspect面目一新，呈新局面。profession;n;职业；professional;adj.复习：professor;教授；advocate;v.提倡；拥护；鼓吹；主张；辩护；复习：support;promote；oppose;objectto;obtain;v.获得；取得；=achieve;require;get;obtainareward得到报酬。obtainaprize得奖obtainable形容词;能得到的；能达到的;复习：accessible;.能接近的，容易会见的。可以进入的；容易理解的;evident;adj.明显的；清楚的；obvious;clear;复习：evidence;n.proof;restriction;n.限制；约束；复习：limit;control;limitation;schedule;n.程序表，计划表；进度表；时间表。atrainschedule火车时刻表。adesignschedule设计计算表，进度表。accordingtoschedule按照预定计划[时间表]。复习：timetable;presentation;n.描述；提出；呈现；介绍；复习：present;v.introduction;description;measurement;measure;量尺寸；衡量；测量；Unit13informal;formal（非）正式；复习：form;inform;perform;reform;Thebookworminuniformisinformedofthestorm穿制服的书呆子得到暴风雨的消息。reception;n.接待；招待（会）；复习：receive;attendto;considerate;adj.考虑周到的；体贴的；复习;consider;consideration;cigar;n.雪茄；复习：cigarette;tobacco烟草；烟叶；烟丝，卷烟，纸烟;splendid;adj.壮丽的；辉煌的；同义：wonderful;marvelous;词中词：send;end;spend;lend;did;pen;pend吊着；悬而未决；待决;astonish;v.使惊讶；使……震惊；同义：amaze;surprise;shock;fright;alarm;upset;fear;horror;terror;panic;coincidence;n.巧合；近义：accident;chance;luck;tension;n.紧张;张力，拉力，牵力；复习：tense;adj.拉紧的；绷紧的；n.时态；elegant;adj.优雅的；文雅的；复习：graceful;优美的，雅致的;得体的，适度的;比较;elephant;大象；bachelor;n.未婚男子；学士；复习：single;unmarried;master;doctor;prescription;n.药方；处方；复习：description;描述；叙述；drawer;n.抽屉；制图人〔pl.〕橱柜。theft；n.偷；盗窃；复习：steal;stealing;religious;adj.宗教的；笃信的，虔诚的；复习：relif减轻；缓解；第405页 stubborn;adj.顽固；倔强的;astubbornresistance顽强的抵抗。stubbornfacts不容抹煞的事实。astubbornillness顽疾。asstubbornasamule非常固执的。同义：persist;enquiry;n.问讯；查询；inquire;比较：require;assitance;n.帮助；协助；复习：aid;assist;helpresist;vital;adj.重要的；生死攸关的，致命的；重大的，紧要的；不可缺少的；复习：veryimportant;critical;esstial;guilty;n.内疚的；有罪的；复习：guiltybehaviour犯罪行为。haveaguiltyconscience自疚，问心有愧。wearaguiltylook露出内疚的神色。befoundguilty被判决有罪。beguiltyof犯…罪(beguiltyofmurder犯杀人罪);stain;n./v.污点污迹；玷污；染污；Itisstainedwithink.它让墨水弄脏了。handsstainedwithblood沾满血的手；凶手；近义：smearbanquet;n.宴会；盛宴;复习：feast;convince;v.使确信；说服；convincepeoplebysoundarguments以理服人。beconvincedof[that]确信，深知。befullyconvinced充分相信。convince(sb.)of[that]使(人)承认[信服]。convinceoneselfof充分弄明白。assume;v.假定；设想；假装；复习：assumption;n.假定；假设；Iassumethatyouknow.我以为你是知道的。assumeanewname用一个新名字。assumeairsof摆…的架子。assumingthat...假定…，若；复习：suppose;supposing;giventhat;cancel;v.取消；废除；划掉，略去，删去=calloff;meanwhile;adv.=atthesametime;同时；remark;n./v.评论；评述；话，言语；评论，意见。athemeofgeneralremark议论纷纷的事情。Didyoumakearemark你有没有说过什么话？[发表意见]makearemarkon就…说一说〔表示一点意见〕。makenoremark什么也不说。makeremarks说东道西；评论；演说；innocent；adj.无辜的；无罪的；复习：blameless;notguilty;反义：guilty;commit;vt.犯罪；做（不合法的事）；干(坏事等)，做(某事)；commitacrime犯罪。commitsin犯(宗教、道德上的)罪过。commitrobbery抢劫。commitsuicide自杀；形近：committee;委员会;commitment许诺，诺言；许诺，诺言;straightforward;adj.直接的；坦率的；复习：frank;随和的；easygoing;speakfrankly;坦率交换意见；haveafrankexchangeofviews;为人坦率;roundabout;adj.转弯抹角的；兜圈子的；Unit14humorous;adj.幽默的；滑稽的；近义：funny;amusing;第405页 ant;n.蚂蚁；复习：restaurant;elegant;elephant;sigificant;peasant;getholdof=catch;抓住；拿住；bee;n.蜜蜂；honey蜂蜜；爱人；形近：fee;复习：honeymoon蜜月；transparent;adj.透明的；复习：trans+parent;trasnplant;transfer;transport;translate;tell…apart;=tell…from;tellthedifference;辨别；区分；dot;n.圆点；点状物；复习：spot;point;mark;period;overandoveragain一再；多次；反复；surrounding;dj./n.情况；环境；周围的事物；复习：situation;condition;environment;troop;n./v.大群；〔pl.〕部队；军队；复习：force;army;navy;semicircle;adj.半圆的；半圆的东西；复习：circle;圆圈；apparent;adj.明显的；清楚的；复习：parent;transparent;clear;obvious;sideways;adv.斜着的；斜向一边的；旁，横，斜着，从旁边。复习：tooneside;cometolight显露；为人所知；复习：throwlighton;启发；使显露；maximun;n.最大量；[反义]minmun;最小量；Themaximumplusorminustheminimummakesminutedifference.最大值加上或者减去最小值只产生极小的差异.precise;adj.精确的;准确的；近义：exact;accurate;specific;adequate;adj;足够的；充足的；近义：enough;plenty;Qualifiedqualityandadequatequantityareequallyimportant.合格的质量和足够的数量同等重要。clarify;vt.澄清；说明，讲清楚，阐明。复习：makeclear;fetch;v.去拿来；取来；比较：bring;take;carry;upward；adv.向上；复习：downward(s);向下；forward；backward;toward;forward;eastward;westward;northward;southward;kid;n./v.取笑；欺骗；小孩；复习：child;teenager;youngster;disgusting;ad;使人反感的；讨厌的；复习：horrible;awful;unpleasant;dreadful;psychology;n.心理学；比较：philosophy哲学changeable;adj.易变的；不定的；复习：variable;unstable;irregular;adaption;n.适应；复习：adapt;stripe;n.条纹；条状物；复习：strip条带，长条；条板；带状地。camel;n.骆驼；复习：camera;相机；primitive;adj.原始的；上古的；复习：ancient;missile;n.导弹；复习：rocket;bomb;walnut;n.胡桃；胡桃木；复习：nut;坚果；session;n.一段时间；学期；学年；复习：term;period;Unit15第405页 voluntary;adj志愿的；自愿的；谐音：我能volun;Thevoluntaryrevolutionariesrevoltedliketheoutbreakofvolcano.志愿革命者们象火山爆发一样起义了.;adj.每年的，年度的；复习：everyyear;peryear;acknowledge;vt.承认；告知已收到；为…..表示感谢；复习：acknowledgeone"sdefeat认输。acknowledgeone"sfault认错，赔不是，道歉;复习：admit;词中词：knowledge;反义：deny;Attheedgeofthewedgedhedge,Iacknowledgedtheknowledgeableman.在边缘上,我向那位博识的人致谢.scheme;n.计划；方案；plan;plot;design;elder;adj.年长的；年龄较大的；elderly;adj.上了年纪的；过了中年的；比较：old;older;breathless;adj.使人屏住呼吸的；气喘吁吁的；dizzy;adj.头晕的；philosophyfaint;v.头晕，昏过去(away)复习：befaintwithhunger饿得头晕眼花。feelfaint感到头昏眼花eyesight;n.视力;眼力；眼界；见解，观察;复习：nearsighted;shortsighted;近视；weekly;adj.每星期的；每周一次的；复习：fortnight;两周；两星期；十四日beneficial;adj.有益的；有用的；复习：benefit;n.利益；好处；profit;interest;dogoodto;straightaway=withoutdelay;=rightaway;立刻地；communist;adj./n.共产主义的；共产主义者；复习：communism;共产主义；socialism;socialist;satisfaction;n.满足的；复习：satisfactory令人满足[满意]的，称心如意的；=satisfying;satisfactoryresults圆满的结果。复习：satisfy;v.eager;adj.热切的；渴望的；热衷于(after;about;for；beeagertodosth.极想做某事。Iameagerfor[after]newsaboutthem.我渴望得到有关他们的消息；比较：anxious;enthusiastic;worthwhile;adj.值得的，值得做的；复习：worth;deserve;It’sworthwhiledoing;timeable;计划表；进度表；时间表；复习：schedulestarve;v.挨饿；饿；复习：hungry;hunger;gohungry;adjustment;n.adjust;v.调整；调节；复习：fillin(with)=adjustto;与……想适应、协调；mature;adj.成熟的；充分发育的；复习：full-grown;ripe;raw;生的；未煮过的；未加工的，粗的;familiar;熟悉的；dueto=owingto=thanksto=becauseof=onaccountof;因为；由于；jeans;n.牛仔裤；复习：pants;trousersuniform；n.制服；军服；〔theuniform〕军人；adj.一贯不变的；始终如一的;casual；adj.随便的；复习：informal;Televisionsandtelescopesgivethevisitorsvisualabilitytoseethecasualcasualty.--电视和望远镜赋予参观者们看见偶然伤亡事故的视觉能力。shopkeeper=storekeeper店主；零售商；复习：grocery;第405页 adolescent;青春期的；少年，少女。复习：maid;youngster;youth;teenager;recent;adj.recently;adv.最近；复习：lately;whereas;conj.鉴于；然而；而，却，倒；其实，反过来。Ihatewhereasyoumerelydislikehim.你不过不喜欢他，我却恨他。复习：but;while;however;nevertheless;仍然(还)，不过possess;v.拥有；具有；复习：possession;session;学期；Unit16barber;n.理发师；〔多指为男子理发的人〕，复习：为女子理发者多用hair-dresser〕；abarber"sshop＝〔美国〕abarbershop理发店；shave;chef;n.厨师；厨师长；大厨；比较：chief;accountant;n.会计师；会计员；复习：account计算；账；账目；账户；计算书，账单；报告书，报表；adviser;顾问；复习：advise;typist;n.打字员；复习：type;typewriter;打字机;receptionist;n.接待员；招待；复习：reception;receive;greengrocer;n.蔬菜水果商；复习：grocer食品商，杂货商。astronaut;n.宇航员；复习：spaceman;pilot;adore;v.热爱；敬仰；复习：admire;respect;worship;vacant;adj.空的；未占用的；复习：avaible;empty;反义：occupied;outstanding;adj;杰出的；优秀的；复习：excellent;Iexceedtheexcellentstudentwhohasexcessiveexcellence.我胜过那个有过多优点的优秀学生marvleous;exceptional;remarkable惊人的；显著的；非凡的，非常(好)的，异常的，出众的;assess;v.评价；估价；形近：access;接近；会面;复习：evaluate;salary;n.工资；薪水；复习：wage;pay;payment;occupation;n.职业；占据；复习：profession;occupy占领，占据;amateur;n.业余爱好者；part-time;反义：professional;专业的；instant;adj,立刻；立即的；复习：instantly;adv.立刻地；一……就……;directly;immediately;flexible;adj.灵活的；有弹性的；反义：regular;fixed;I"mperplexedbytheflexiblecomplexindexofsexandage.我被灵活复杂的性别与年龄索引迷惑住了。shortly;adv.立刻；马上；复习：shortlyafter;immediately;rightaway;straightaway;significant;adj.重要的；有意义的；复习：sinificance;n.意义；nevertheless;adv/conj.虽然如此；然而；复习：yetbut;however;ontheotherhand;allthesame;drawback;n.缺点；障碍；复习：shortcoming;disadvantage;第405页 applicant;n.申请人；复习：apply;application适用，应用；运用;申请，请求；申请表格。uptodate;现代的；时新的；复习：outofdate;过时的；personnel;n.人员；人事部；复习：person;personal;accommodation;n.住宿；住所；复习：accommodate;v.留宿；收容(病人)，装载(乘客)；照应，招待。addition;n.增加；复习：inadditionto;=besides;apartfrom;qulification;n.资格；资历；复习：qualify；.v.合格；符合；qualified;adj.合格的；modest;adj.谦虚的；质朴的；复习：moudesty;n.proud;pride;holdback退缩；踌躇;阻止；抑制，压住；比较：drawback;Holdon1.拉住，抓牢。2.继续；坚持下去。3.(打电话时)不挂断；〔口语〕等一等，停住Holdout1.伸出；提出，主张;Holdup1.举起；展示;支持住；持久；忍住;Catch[claw,get,lay,seize,take]holdof抓住，掌握arithmetic;n.算术；复习：athematics;caculation;paperwork;n.文书工作；复习：file;文件；档案；punctual;adj.准时的；复习：ontime;aspunctualastheclock时间准确(的)。punctualtotheminute一分不差。tournment;n.联赛；比赛；锦标赛；复习：match;competition；tour;draft;n./v.草稿；草案；草拟；复习：outline;summary;sendoff寄出；派遣；驱逐，撵走。送别(出走、旅行等的人;复习：sendaway撵走；开除；解雇；；sendfor派人去叫[请]；遣人去拿；乞求(sendforadoctor派人去请医生。sendforabook派人去拿一本书)；sendup弄上去；使上升；发射[注二]英语里还有一种较口语化的"with+名词或代词宾格+分词(或形容词、介词短语)"结构，也往往作状语用，表示伴随情况。如：Hefellasleepwiththelampburning.他没有熄灯就睡着了。Shegazedwithherhandsclaspedtoherbreast.她双手*在胸前凝视着。上述结构中的分词亦可用形容词或介词短语代替。如：Hesleepswiththewindowsopeneveninwinter.他即使在冬天也开着窗户睡觉。Agirlcarteinwithabookinherhand.一位姑娘手里拿着一本书走了进来。(在笔语中，也可说：Agirlcamein，bookinhand.)第405页