初中英语语法 --yjwnnn1 115页

教学资料教育精品资料目录第一章名词————————————————————————3第二章冠词————————————————————————9第三章代词————————————————————————13第四张形容词副词————————————————————————19第五章介词————————————————————————29第六章动词————————————————————————43第七章情态动词————————————————————————53第八章非谓语动词————————————————————————58第九章定语从句————————————————————————74第十章名词性从句————————————————————————79第十一章状语从句————————————————————————81第十二章倒装句————————————————————————85第十三章虚拟语气————————————————————————89第十四章并列句—————————————————————————90第十五章重要句型—————————————————————————93第十六章动词搭配—————————————————————————94全习题答案及部分解释—————————————————————————106otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料初中英语语法状元笔记语法网络图第一章名词I.名词的种类：专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词ChinabookfamilyhappinessairII.可数名词的数：1.规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-sBook-books,girl-girls,day-days2以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esWife-wives,knife–knives,wolf–wolves,thief–thieves,shelf–shelves,self-selves,life-lives,half–halves,leaf–leaves顺口溜：妻子持刀去砍狼，小偷看得心发慌，书架后面保自命，半片树叶遮目观加-sgulf-gulfs(海湾)，roof-roofs（屋顶）,chief-chiefs（首领）,serf-serfs（奴隶，奴仆）,belief–beliefs（信仰）,proof-proofs（证据）,handkerchief-handkerchiefs（手帕）顺口溜：海湾边、屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望；谁说他们无otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料信仰，证据写在手帕上4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-stoy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-esNegro-Negroes,hero-heroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes（巧计：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿）不少外来词加-spiano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/volcanos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths,mouth-mouths,month-months,path-paths,2.不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice2单复数相同sheep,deer,means,works,fish,yuan,jin,3只有复数形式trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,4一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）class,family,crowd,couple,group,government,population,team,public,party6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件报纸),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜)7表示“某国人”加-sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans单复数同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen,Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups,housewives,stopwatchesotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料将两部分变为复数womensingers,menservants注意：1，除了顺口溜中的七个要变(f)e为-ve加s外，以-self结尾的也要变f为ve加s，如，ourselves2，表示“某国人”的复数形式用一下顺口溜：中日不变，英法“e”把“a”来换，其他“s”加后面（适用于初中阶段主要的几个国籍名词变复数）3，不可数名词没有复数形式4，对于合成名词变复数在初中阶段有一下规律：有人的在人后面变复数；都是物的在最后一个物后面变复数；如果前面是woman或者man作修饰名词时，这个名词的前后两个名词均要变复数，如:twowomendoctorsIII.名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所属关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。1.’s所有格的构成：单数名词在末尾加’stheboy’sfather,Jack’sbook,herson-in-law’sphoto,复数名词一般在末尾加’theteachers’room,thetwins’mother,不规则复数名词后加’sthechildren’stoys,women’srights,以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’Dickens’novels,Charles’sjob,theSmiths’house表示各自的所属关系时,各名词末尾均须加’sJapan’sandAmerica’sproblems（表示日本和美国各自的问题，不是同一个问题）,Jane’sandMary’sbikes（表示Jane和Mary各自的车，不是同一辆车）表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’sJapanandAmerica’sproblems,(表示美日共有的问题，是同一个问题)JaneandMary’sfather（表示Jane和Mary共同的父亲，Jane和Mary是两姐妹）表示＂某人家＂＂店铺＂，所有格后名词省略thedoctor’s,thebarber’s,thetailor’s,myuncle’s2.’s所有格的用法：１表示时间today’snewspaper,fiveweeks’holiday2表示自然现象theearth’satmosphere,thetree’sbranches3表示国家城市等地方的名词thecountry’splan,theworld’spopulation,China’sindustry4表示工作群体theship’screw,majority’sview,theteam’svictory5表示度量衡及价值amile’sjourney,fivedollars’worthofapples6与人类活动有特殊关系的名词thelife’stime,theplay’splot7某些固定词组abird’seyeview,astone’sthrow,atone’swit’send(不知所措)otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料3.of所有格的用法：用于无生命的东西：thelegsofthechair,thecoverofthebook用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：theclassroomsofthefirst-yearstudents用于名词化的词：thestruggleoftheoppressedIV,名词作主语时的主谓一致(1).如主语是单数,后跟with,togetherwith,aswellas,like,but,except等引导的短语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式.Tomwithhisfatheroftengoestothecinema.Tom经常和他爸爸去电影院ThewomenwithtwochildrenisCrist.Crist是一个有两个孩子的女人(2).复数形式单数内容的名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式.Thenewsissurprising.(news在这里指的是新闻，不算new的复数)(3).单数形式复数内容的名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式.Thepolicehavecaughtthethief.Thepeoplethereareverykind.(4).一些集体名词如family,class,team等作主语时,若强调整体,谓语动词用单数形式,若强调个体,谓语动词用复数形式.Hisfamilyisnotalargeone.他家不是个大家庭。HerfamilyarewatchingTV.他全家人在看电视。Theteamisplayingverywell.这个队打得很出色。Theteamareallfamousplayersinourcountry.全体队员都是我国有名的运动员。(5).表示时间,金钱,距离的名词加s后,应视为一个整体,故谓语动词用单数形式.TwohoursisenoughforustogetthereOnehundreddollarsisenough.Fivekilometersisalongwayforthechildern.(6).复数名词shoes,trousers,glasses等由pair修饰时,谓语动词的单复数形式要由pair决定.Thepairofshoeslooksnice.Thattwopairsoftrousersarebothtoolong.(7)由and连接两个或两个以上的名词作主语时,如表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式.若表示个体概念,谓语动词用复数形式.Myoldfriendandclassmatehasjustcomebackfromabroad.我的老校友刚从国外回来.（表示此人既是我的老朋友又是我的同学，指的是一个人）Myoldfriendandclassmatehavejustcomebackfromabroad.我的老朋友和同学刚从国外回来（表示的是两个人，一个是我的老朋友，一个是我的同学，所以谓语动词用have）ThesingeranddanceristoattendourEnglishevening.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家将参加我们的英语晚会.(8)“Thenumberof+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。“Anumberof+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。注：thenumberof…表示的是“….的数量”anumberof…表示的是“很多……”Thenumberofclassesinourschoolis21我校有21个班AnumberofboyslovePE许多男孩子喜欢体育(9)neither…nor(既不是….也不是….);either…or…(不是….就是….，要么….要么….);notonly…butalso(不仅…而是….)等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要遵循就近原则。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料NeitheryounorIamwrong.你和我都没错(10)of+抽象名词=形容词beofimportance=beimportantV,易错题解析1.这些女老师们在干什么?[误]Whatarethewomandoctorsdoing?[正]Whatarethewomendoctorsdoing?[析]在英语中，当一名词作定语修饰另一名词(单或复数形式)时，作定语的名词一般要用其单数形式;但当man,woman作定语修饰可数名词复数形式时，要用其复数形式men,women.2.房间里有多少人?[误]Howmanypeoplesarethereintheroom?[正]Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?[析]people作“人、人们”解时，是个集合名词，其单复数同形。3.我想为我儿子买两瓶牛奶。[误]Iwanttobuytwobottleofmilkformyson.[正]Iwanttobuytwobottlesofmilkformyson.[析]表示不可数名词的数量时，常用“a/an或数词+表量的可数名词+of+不可数名词”这一结构，其中当数词大于1时，表量的可数名词要用其复数形式。名词部分测试题1,（福建.福州）The_____ofteneatgrassonthehill.A.chickenB.horseC.cowD.sheep2,(四川.广元2011)Ourhospitalneedstwo＿＿＿doctors,MrsLi.Youcanaskyoursontohaveatry.A,womenB,manC.men3,（四川.广元2007）Atnight,Koalabearsgetupandeat_____A,leafB,leafsC,leaves4,（四川.绵阳2009）Tomatoes,broccoliand_______arevegetables.A.bananasB.potatoesC.noodlesD.potatosotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料5,Lily’sandLucy’sbike____thereA,isB,beC,areD,am6,Myfamily___verypoor.A,isB,amC,are7,Theydecidedtogohikingwiththeir_____A，wifeB,wifesC,wives8,Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacher____enjoyingthefilm.A,amB,areC,is9,Heisonlya______boy,tooyoungtogotoschoolA,two-yesrs-oldB,two-year-oldC,two-years-olds10,Anumberofcats___playingoverthere.A,isB,areC,be第二章冠词冠词是一个虚词,它置于名词之前,限定名词的意义，冠词分为不定冠词（a,an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。a用于辅音及辅音音素开头的可数名词前（abook），an用于元音及元音因素开头的可数名词起岸(anapple)。在初中阶段，大多数时候，能“定下来”的就要用定冠词，不能“定”下来的就用不定冠词。冠词使用口诀：名词是秃子，常要戴帽子，　　可数名词单，须用a或an，　　辅音前用a，an在元音前，　　若为特指时，则须用定冠，　　复数不可数，泛指the不见，　　碰到代词时，冠词均不现。至于具体用法，请看下面讲解：I.不定冠词的用法：1指一类人或事，相当于akindofAplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指Aboyiswaitingforyou.3表示“每一”相当于every，oneWestudyeighthoursaday.4表示“相同”相当于thesameWearenearlyofanage.5AMr.SmithcametovisityouwhenyouwereoutotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事ThatboyisratheraLeiFeng.6用于固定词组中Acoupleof,abit,onceuponatime,inahurry,haveawalk,manyatime7用于quite,rather,many,half,what,such之后Thisroomisratherabigone.8用于so(as,too,how)+形容词之后Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet.II.定冠词的用法：1表示某一类人或物Thehorseisausefulanimal.2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前A:youarejustalittlegirl.B:No,I’mthelittlegirl(同学们谁可以理解这两句话对话的含义？)3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?4用于乐器前面playtheviolin,playtheguitar5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人thereach,theliving,thewounded6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”theGreens,theWangs7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前Heisthetallerofthetwochildren.8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前theUnitedStates,theCommunistPartyofChina,theFrench9用于表示发明物的单数名词前ThecompasswasinventedinChina.10在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代inthe1990’s11用于表示单位的名词前Ihiredthecarbythehour.12用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示时间的词组前Hepattedmeontheshoulder.III.零冠词的用法：1专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前BeijingUniversity,Jack,China,love,air2名词前有this,my,whose,some,no,each,every等限制Iwantthisbook,notthatone./Whosepurseisthis?3季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March,Sunday,NationalDay,spring4表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前LincolnwasmadePresidentofAmerica.5学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前Helikesplayingfootball/chess.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料6与by连用表示交通工具的名词前bytrain,byair,byland7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husbandandwife,knifeandfork,dayandnight8表示泛指的复数名词前Horsesareusefulanimals.注意：1，有些元音开头的名词被以辅音开头的形容词修饰的时候前面还是用a，如：anapple,adeliciousapple2,初中阶段常考的还有useful和hour。useful虽然是元音字母开头但是是辅音音素，因此在useful修饰的名词前面依旧用a，如：ausefulbook。3,Hour虽然为辅音字母开头，但是由于h在hour这个单词中不发音，故hour是以元音因素开头的，所以应该是anhour而不是ahour.IV,易错题解析1.Helpyourselfto_________.　　A.somechickensB.achickenC.somechickenD.anychicken　　答案:C(选择A的同学要注意chicken当鸡肉讲时不可数)2.________itistoday!A.WhatfineweatherB.WhatafineweatherC.HowafineweatherD.Howfineaweather　　答案:A.(选择B的同学要注意weather不可数.选择C和D的同学要注意weather是名词,要用what来感叹.)3.Whichisthewaytothe__________?　　A.shoefactoryB.shoesfactoryC.shoe’sfactoryD.shoes’factory　　答案:A.(选择D的同学注意这里不是指名词所有格,而是名词作形容词的用法.类似的用法如:pencilbox;schoolbag等.)4.Thisclass________now.MissGaoteachesthem.　　A.arestudyingB,isstudyingC.bestudyingD.studying　　答案:A.(选择B的同学要注意,当这种概念名词当“人”讲的时候要做复数处理.类似的还有:thepolicearerunningafterthethief等)5.Wewillhavea_________holidayaftertheexam.　　A.twomonthB.two-monthC.twomonth’sD.two-months　　答案:B(选择C的同学要注意应用twomonths’;选择D的同学要注意名词之间有“—“后的组合词当作形容词来用,因此就不用所有格形式了.)　6.________treesarecutdownintheforestseveryyear.　　A.ThousandB.ThousandsC.ThousandofD.Thousandsof　　答案:D.(选择C的同学注意词组记忆的准确性)　7_________peoplehereareveryfriendlytous.　　A.TheB./C.AD.An　　答案:A.(选择B的同学要注意这里的people是特指这里的,因此要用定冠词the)冠词部分测试题填空otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料1.Thereis_______pictureof_______elephanton_______wall．2.Thisis_______usefulbook．I"vereaditfor_______hour．3._______elephantismuchheavierthan_______horse．4._______doctortoldhimtotake_______medicinethreetimes_______day．5.Let"sgooutfor_______walk．6.It"stoohot．Open_______door，please．7.Thereis_______womanoverthere．_______womanisMeimei"smother．8._______sunrisesin_______east．9._______ChangjiangRiveris_______longestriverin_______China．10.Areyougoingtodoit_______secondtime？11.Washingtonis_______capitalof_______USA．12._______Turnersarelivingattheendof_______TurnerStreet．13.Hejoinedthearmyin_______springof_______1995．14._______oldmanis_______teacher．Helikesplaying________basketballafter_______supper．15.AfterIhad_______quickbreakfast，Ihurriedtoschool．16.Are_______sheepkeptby_______farmersforproducing_______wooland_______meat？17.Theywentto_______People"sPark，butwebothwentto_______People"sCinemayesterday．18.Ioftenwatch_______TVin_______evening．19._______dayof_______December20.1999isMonday．20．Tomorrowis_______ChristmasDayandmyfatherandIwenttochoose_______Christmastreetoday．21.Ithink_______mathsismoreimportantthananyothersubject．22.Heoftengoesto_______schoolby_______bike．23.Whatdoesthis_______wordmean，_______Father？24．What_______importantnews单选1．—DoesJimhave_______ruler？—Yes，hehas_______．A．an；someB．a；oneC．a；／D．any；one2．Thereis_______oldbike．_______oldbikeisMrZhao"s．A．an；TheB．the；AnC．a；TheD．the；The3．_______appleadaykeepsthedoctorsaway．A．TheB．AC．AnD．Two4．—Howmanybooksdoyouhave？-—Ihave_______book．That"s_______Englishbook．A．a；anB．a；oneC．one；anD．one；one5．AtthattimeTomwas_______one-year-oldbaby．A．aB．anC．theD．／6．_______tigeris_______China．A．The；aB．A；theC．The；fromD．The；theotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料7．Wecan"tsee_______sunat_______night．A．the；theB．the；／C．a；／D．／；／8．_______usefulbookitis！A．WhatanB．HowaC．WhataD．What9．Oneafternoonhefound_______handbag．Therewas_______“s”onthecornerof_______handbag．A．a；an；theB．a；a；theC．an；an；anD．the；a；a10,_______oldladywithwhitehairspoke_______Englishwellat_______meeting．A．An；an；aB．The；／；anC．The；／；aD．The；／；the11．_______GreatWallis_______longestwallintheworld．A．A；aB．The；theC．A；theD．The；a12．_______newbridgehasbeenbuiltoverHuangpuRiver．A．The；aB．A；／C．A；theD．An；the13．_______womanoverthereis_______popularteacherinourschool．A．A；anB．The；aC．The；theD．A；the14．Heusedtobe_______teacherbutlaterheturned_______writer．A．a；aB．a；theC．／；aD．a；／15．Theymadehim_______king．A．aB．theC．anD．／16．Hisfatheris_______Englishteacher．Heworksinourschool．A．aB．anC．theD．／17．Ishe_______Americanboy？A．anB．aC．oneD．／18．DoesTomoftenplay_______footballafter_______school？A．／；／B．／；theC．the；／D．a；／19．Theypassedourschool_______daybeforeyesterday．A．anB．oneC．aD．the20．Australiais_______English-speakingcountry．A．aB．anC．theD．／21．Shehas_______orangeskirt．_______skirtisnice．A．a；TheB．an；TheC．an；AD．the；The22．Thisis_______apple．It"s_______bigapple．A．an；aB．a；theC．a；anD．an；the23．Lookat_______horseoverthere．A．aB．anC．theD．／24．Don"tplay_______basketballhere．It"sdangerous．A．aB．anC．／D．the25．Thereis_______oldwomaninthecar．A．／B．theC．aD．an26．Beijingis_______beautifulcity．It"s_______capitalofChina．A．a；aB．the；theC．／；theD．a；the27．Shanghaiisin_______eastofChina．A．／B．anC．aD．the28．I"vebeenastudenttherefornearlytwoand_______halfyears．otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料A．aB．anC．theD．／29．Billis_______Englishteacher．Helikesplaying_______football．A．a；theB．an；theC．a；／D．an；／A．an30．Themuseumisquitefar．Itwilltakeyouhalf_______hourtogetthereby_______bus．A,an；／B．an；aC．a；／D．／；／第三章代词I.代词可以分为以下几大类：1，人称代词注意：人称代词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语。2，物主代词注意：1，形容词性物主代词只能作定语，后面要接名词。而名词性物主代词在句中作主语、宾语或表语，它后面再不接名词。它们的关系为：名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。2，主宾格口诀：人称代词分主宾，只有八对要分清，你它主宾是同形，其余几对要分清3，人称代词排序口诀：人称代词并列观，注意顺序礼貌现，单数人称二三一，复数人称一二三，麻烦事情我站前，其他人称没意见，两性并用为三单，男先女后是习惯4，形容词物主代词与名词性物主代词之间的转换口诀：一变：my变mine，二留：his，its不变，三加尾：其余加-s3.反身代词:myself,ourselves,yourself4.指示代词:this,that,these,those5.疑问代词:what,who,whose,whom,which,when,what6.不定代词:something,anything,somebody,anybodyotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料注意：复合不定代词的修饰语要后置(也就是我们所说的形容词修饰复合不定代词要放在复合不定代词后)，复合不定代词作主语时常视为单数第三人称。如：somethingnew,一些新的东西。(复合不定代词是由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing等所组成的不定代词。复合不定代词包括something（某事物）,somebody（某人）,someone（某人）,anything（任何事物）,anybody（任何人）,anyone（任何人）,nothing（没事物）,nobody（没人）,noone（没人）,everything（一切事物）,everybody（每个人）,everyone(每个人)等十二个.)II.不定代词用法注意点：1.one,some与any:1)one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。Oneshouldlearntothinkofothers.Haveyouanybookmarks?No,Idon’thaveanybookmarks.Ihavesomequestionstoask.2)some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。Wouldyoulikesomebananas?Couldyougivemesomemoney?3)some和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。Ihavereadthisarticleinsomemagazine.Pleasecorrectthemistakes,ifany.4)some和数词连用表示“大约”，any可与比较级连用表示程度。Therearesome3,000studentsinthisschool.Doyoufeelanybettertoday?2.each和every:each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上的整体中的个体，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上的整体中的每个，但实际倾向于整体。Eachstudenthasapocketdictionary./Each(ofus)hasadictionary./Weeachhaveadictionary.（强调的是个体）Everystudenthasstrongandweakpoints./Everyoneofushasstrongandweakpoints.（强调的是学生这一个群体）3.none和no：no等于notany，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。Thereisnowaterinthebottle.=Thereisn’tanywaterinthebottle.Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?None.Noneofthestudentsare(is)afraidofdifficulties.4.other、another、theother、theothers的区别和各自的用法1)泛指（三者或三者以上中的另一个，用another（可接单数可数名词）。如:Themooncakeisdelicious,canyoupleasegivemeanotherone?2)一定范围内或两个人(物)中，特指剩下的“另一个”用theother（可接单数可数名词），特指“剩下的那些”，用theother+复数可数名词。初中阶段常考的有one….theother….,意为“一个….其他的…..”Some…..others….意为“一些….另一些…..”otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料如：Thereare5boyshere,oneisreading,theotherareplayinggamesThereare5boyshere,somearereading,othersareplayinggames3)一定范围内三者或三者以上，泛指“另一个”，用another。4)表示在一个范围内的其他全部,用theothers=theother+复数可数名词。如:Thisdictionaryisbetterthantheothers/theotherdictionaries.这本字典比别[其余]的好。5)泛指别的人或物时，用others。即当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部时，也用others。如：Somecleanedthewindows,otherssweptthefloor.有的擦窗户,有的扫地。5.all和both,neither和eitherall表示不可数名词时，其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否定词表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none.AllofthebooksarenotwritteninEnglish.所有书都是用英文编辑的NotallmilkcalledTelunsu.不是所有牛奶都叫特仑苏Bothofusarenotteachers.Notbothofusareteachers.Eitherofusisateacher.例1Themanoverthereismybrother._____isadoctor.A.SheB.HeC.HersD.His(2001年北京市海淀区中考题)简析：此题是考查人称代词主格的用法，根据题意指代的是人，且在句中作主语，应用人称代词主格，前面说theman。故答案为B。例2—_____doesyourfatherdo?—Heisaworker.A.WhichB.WhoC.WhatD.How(2001年北京市海淀区中考题)简析：此题是考查如何选择疑问代词，根据答语Heisaworker.表明是问某人的职业，问职业常用疑问代词what。故答案为C。例3Ihavetwocats.Oneisblack,and___iswhite.A.anotherB.someC.otherD.theother(2001年北京市海淀区中考题)简析：此题是考查不定代词another,some,other,theother在用法上的区别，根据题意“(两者中)一个……另一个……”为固定结构：one...theother...。故答案为D。例4Thetwinscorrectedthemistakesonthetestpapers______.A.themB.themselvesC.himD.himself(2001年上海市中考题)简析：此题是考查反身代词的用法。反身代词除了在句中作宾语和表语外，它还可作同位语，用来加强语气。根据题意，此处填反身代词作主语thetwins的同位语，用来加强语气，说明是他们自己更正错误，而不是别人，且主语是复数。故答案为B。例5Shealwaysthinksof_____morethanherself.A.otherB.othersC.theotherD.theothers(2001年天津市中考题)otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料简析：此题是考查不定代词other,others,theother,theothers的区别；other指单独的一个，others泛指其他的人(物)；theother指两者中的另一个人(物)，theothers指某一范围内“其余的几个”。根据题意是指其他的人。故答案为B。例6Youmaygoandaskhim.Heknows____aboutJapanese.A.afewB.fewC.alittleD.little(2001年天津市中考题)简析：此题是考查不定代词afew,few,alittle,little的区别：afew和few指代或修饰可数名词复数，alittle和little是指代或修饰不可数名词，afew和alittle表示肯定，few和little表示否定。根据题意Japanese在此处指“日语”，语言是不可数的，且该句是肯定的语气。故答案为C。例7____LilyorLucyhasbeentotheGreatWall.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.Nor(2001年陕西省中考题)简析：此题是考查不定代词either,neither,both,nor的区别：either指两个人(物)中的任何一个，表示肯定意义，neither是either的否定形式，both指两个人(物)，而nor表示“也不”。它们常可构成：either...or,neither...nor,both...and。故答案为A。例8—Iwanttobuyadiary.Couldyoushowme____?—Yes.Thisisthemostpopularkind.A.otherB.anythingC.itD.one(2001年武汉市中考题)简析：此题是考查不定代词one的用法，one常用来代替前面所提到的同类人或物的单数。以避免与前面提到的名词重复。此题是用来代替前面的adiary。故答案为D。例9—Mybagisfull.Whatabout_____?—____isfull,too.A.you,YoursB.his,HeC.yours;MineD.hers,She(2001年黄冈市中考题)简析：此题是考查人称代词与物主代词，形容词性物主代词与名词物主代词的区别；人称代词是指代人，物主代词是用来说明物的主人，形容词性物主代词后常要接一个名词，而名词性物主代词后再不能接名词。根据题意，此题两处都是说明物的主人，且后面都没有名词，因此两处均应为名词性物主代词。故答案为C。例10Bequiet,please!Iwillchoose____forourfootballteam.A.anybodystrongB.someonestrongC.strongsomeoneD.stronganybody(2001年重庆市中考题)简析：此题是考查复合不定代词的用法，复合不定代词的修饰语应放在复合不定代词后面，因此C、D两选项不成立。anybody常用于否定句中，此题为肯定语气。故答案为B。例11Thereare48studentsinclass2,onethirdsofthemare_____A,boyB,boysC,boiesD,theboys简析：48名学生，1/3是男生，所以男生应该用复数，所以选B，本题的关键在于能判断出来onethirds是三分之一的意思，那么英语中怎么表达分数呢？有如下口诀：英语分数不费事，“母序子基”四个字。分子若是大于一，分母还须加-s。代词习题otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料Ⅰ.单项选择(选自各地中考题)()1.ImetKateon____wayhomeyesterday.(北京海淀区)A.myB.meC.hisD.him()2.Thisis___ruler.(北京西城区)A.myB.mineC.ID.me()3.A:_____pencil-boxisthis,Patrick?B:It’s_____.(上海)A.Whose;mineB.Who’s;mineC.Whose;myD.Who’s;my()4.Kateandhersisterwentonholidaywithaclassmateof____.(黑龙江)A.herB.hersC.theirD.theirs()5.—Isthisdictionary____or____?—It’smine.(内蒙古)A.your;hersB.yours;herC.your;herD.yours;hers()6.Thepenis____.Shewrote_____namewithit_____.(甘肃)A.hers;her;herselfB.her;hers;herC.her;hers;herselfD.her;herself;hers()7.CanIborrow____pencil?_____isbroken.(河北)A.you;MyB.your;MeC.your;MineD.your;My()8.Theseare______cups._____areoverthere.(河南)A.our;YoursB.yours;MineC.his;OurD.their;Your()9.______schoolbagismuchbetterthan____.(山西)A.Her;meB.Hers;myC.Hers;mineD.Her;mine()10.—Oh,thereissomeoneintheroom.—______mustbemymother.(安徽)A.ThereB.SheC.ThisD.It()11.—Whichofthesetwosweaterswillyoutake?—I’lltake____.Theylooknearlythesame,andIjustneedone.(江西)A.bothB.eitherC.noneD.all()12.—Whichofyourparentsisadoctor?—_____are.(天津)A.AnyB.EitherC.BothD.Neither()13.Hehastwobasketballs.Oneisnew,_____isold.(北京海淀区)A.theotherB.otherC.theothersD.others()14.Hehastwosisters.Oneisadoctor,______isateacher.(内蒙古)A.anotherB.theotherC.otherD.others()15.Ihavetwosons,but_____ofthemliveswithme.(河北)A.allB.bothC.neitherD.few()16.Ihaveboughtanewwatchbecausemyold_____doesn’twork.(重庆)A.itB.oneC.thatD.this()17.—CanyouspeakRussian?—Yes,butonly______.(厦门)A.littleB.alittleC.fewD.afew()18.—Whatwouldyouliketohave,teaormilk?otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料—_____.I’dliketohaveaglassofwater.(杭州)A.EachB.NeitherC.EitherD.Both()19.MycarwasbrokenandIdidn’tknow_____todo.(杭州)A.whatB.whichC.whenD.how()20.—Is_____here?—No.JackandTomhavegonetothelibrary.(湖北黄冈)A.anybodyB.nobodyC.everybodyD.allⅡ.按括号中提示意思完成下列句子。1.Theyare_____(我的)flowers.Pleasegive_____(它们)to_____(我).2.Isthismap_____(你的)?No,it’s____(他的).Thatoneis_____(我的).3.Icanhear______(一些，什么),butIcan’tsee_____(一些，什么).4.Hesaysto_____(自己),“Ican’tdoitby_____(自己)”.5._______(都)ofusarestudents,______(都)ofthetwinsareworkers.Ⅲ.根据汉语把句子补充完整。1.她的父母都是教师。Herparents_____teachers.2.任何东西都不能在月球上生存。_____canliveonthemoon.3.他们每个人都有一个幸福的家庭。_____ofthem_____ahappyfamily.4.街道两边都有树和花。Therearetreesandflowerson_____________ofthestreet.5.请你借些钱给我好吗？Wouldyoupleaselendme______money?6.老王昨天没有去看电影，我也没去。LaoWangdidn’tgotoseethefilmyesterday.________I.7.我略微知道一点关于会议的情况，他没参加会，他不能告诉你什么。Iknow______aboutthemeeting.Hewasn’tatthemeeting,hecantellyou.8.又来了一辆公共汽车。Herecomes_____bus.9.别帮他，他自己会做。Don’thelp_____,________candoit______.10.老师和学生都将去农场劳动。______teachers______studentswillgoandworkonthefarm.Ⅳ.单项选择(选自各地中考题)()1.Katehaslost____key._____asks_____forhelp.(山西)A.her,He,IB.his,He,meC.his,She,ID.her,She,me()2.UncleTomaskedDavid,___brothersand___tohelphimwritesomecards.(广州)A.my;IB.my;meC.myself;ID.myself;me()3.____bookisnewand_____isnew,too.(吉林)otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料A.Our,heB.Ours,hisC.My,hisD.My,her()4.Thisisn’t____pen,Ithinkit’s____.(湖南)A.my;hersB.his;herC.my;yourD.mine;his()5.Thisisclassroom.isoverthere.(广州)A.ours;TheirB.our;TheirsC.our;TheirD.ours;Theirs()6.—Isthenewwatch?—Yes,it’s_____.(昆明)A.you;meB.yours,mineC.you;myD.your;mine()7._____officeismuchsmallerthan.(天津)A.Ours;yoursB.Our;yoursC.Theirs;ourD.Your;their()8._____schoolismuchlargerthan.(河南)A.Theirs;ourB.Their;oursC.Theirs;oursD.Their;our()9.“Excuseme!Isthis_____watch?”“No,it’snot____.It’sJim’s.”(安徽)A.your;myselfB.your;myC.yours;mineD.your;mine()10.Tomishereandafriendof____isheretoo.(安徽)A.himB.heC.hisD.hers()11.—_____houseisthis?—It’smine.(天津)A.WhatB.WhoC.Who’sD.Whose()12.What’s_____overthere?(吉林)A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.this()13.______booksaremysister’s.(西藏)A.ThisB.ThatC.ItD.These()14.“Helptosomemeat,Mary.”myauntsaidtome.(北京)A.themselvesB.ourselvesC.yourselfD.himself()15.“Help_____tosomemooncakes”.HanMeimeisaidtothetwins.(安徽)A.youB.oneselfC.yourselfD.yourselves()16.Thankyouforhavingus.Weenjoyed______verymuch.(济南)A.ourselvesB.usC.ourD.ours()17._____thetwinsenjoyed_____atthepartyyesterday.(安徽)A.Both;themB.Both;themselvesC.All;themD.All;themselves()18.Nobodytaught______,shelearntitby_____.(海南)A.she,herB.her,herselfC.her,herD.herself,herself()19.—Didshegotoschoolwhenshewasyoung?—No.Shetaught_____athome.(天津)A.herB.herselfC.hersD.she()20.Mybrotheristooyoung.Hecan’tlookafter_____.(浙江)A.himselfB.herselfC.hisD.myself第四章形容词和副词otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料I.形容词：用来描写或修饰名词或代词的一类词1.形容词的位置：1)形容词作定语通常前置（用通俗话说就是形容词修饰名词置于名词之前，如：beautifulgirl），但在下列情况后置：1修饰some,any,every,no和body,thing,one等构成的复合不定代词时（中考重点考查）nobodyabsent(没人缺席),everythingpossible2以-able,-ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后thebestbookavailable,theonlysolutionpossible3alive,alike,awake,aware,asleep等可以后置theonlypersonawake4和空间、时间、单位连用时abridge50meterslong5成对的形容词可以后置ahugeroomsimpleandbeautiful6形容词短语一般后置amandifficulttogetonwith2)多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序：代词数词性状形容词冠词前的形容词冠词指示代词不定代词代词所有格序数词基数词性质状态大小长短形状新旧温度颜色国籍产地材料质地名词allbothsuchtheathisanotheryoursecondnextonefourbeautifulgoodpoorlargeshortsquarenewcoolblackyellowChineseLondonsilkstone口诀：多个形容词修饰一个名词，形容词顺序为“美小圆旧黄，中国木书房”，复合形容词的构成：“美”代表“描述或性质类”形容词；“小”代表“大小、长短、高低、胖瘦类”形容词；“圆”代表“形状类”形容词；“旧”代表“新旧、年龄类”形容词；“黄”代表“颜色类”形容词；“中国”代表“来源、国籍、地区、出处类”形容词；“木”代表“物质、材料、质地类”形容词；“书”代表“用途、类别、功能、作用类”形容词；“房”代表“中心名词”。如：twobeautifulnewgreensilkeveningdress两件又新又漂亮的丝绸女士晚礼服。此处提到基数词和序数词，那么基数词和序数词究竟怎么区分和变化的呢？有如下口诀：两大数词基和序，前表数量后顺序。构成先谈基数词，1至12请认真记。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料13至19teen结尾齐，ty结尾表示几十。若要表达几十几，几十短横1到9。Onehundred一百记，若表几百几十几。几百and几十几，基数规律上述里。再把序数谈仔细，第一至三独立记。第四至十九结尾th,第廿到九十有规律。基数基础y变ieth。第几十几有特例，第几十由基数起，几用序数有道理。第一百onehundred。若说第一百几十几。Onehundredand第几十几。谈此即告一段落.序有缩式莫忘记，上述须用心体味。1形容词+名词+edkind-hearted6名词+形容词world-famous2形容词+形容词dark-blue7名词+现在分词peace-loving3形容词+现在分词ordinary-looking8名词+过去分词snow-covered4副词+现在分词hard-working9数词+名词+edthree-egged5副词+过去分词newly-built10数词+名词twenty-yearII.副词副词的分类：1时间副词soon,now,early,finally,once,recently5频度副词always,often,frequently,seldom,never2地点副词here,nearby,outside,upwards,above6疑问副词how,where,when,why3方式副词hard,well,fast,slowly,excitedly,really7连接副词how,when,where,why,whether,however,meanwhile4程度副词almost,nearly,very,fairly,quite,rather8关系副词when,where,whyIII.形容词和副词比较等级：形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more和most。规则变化如下:1)单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加-er和-est构成。2)以-e结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-r和-st构成。3)以-y结尾,但-y前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把-y去掉,加上-ier和-est构成.如：happy-happier-happiest4)以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加-er和-est，如：big-bigger-biggest5)双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more和most加在形容词前面来构成,beautiful-morebeautiful-mostbeautiful形容词副词变比较级的口诀：结尾直加-er,-est属一般，详细构成方法逐一来侃谈。一辅音结尾重读闭音节看，辅音双写-er,-est是习惯。辅音加y(ly)除外有型感，按照去y,-er,-iest方法办。上述皆属单音部分双音段，下面把多音节规律来看看。词前加more,most此规律唤。规则变化到此已全都谈完。有些不规则变化请你记全。“双好”better,best记的宽。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料“坏病”worse,worst莫记乱。“双多”more,most不用管“老、远”两种形式别记篡，“有点”less,least记清盼。形容词副词变最高级口诀：最高级,也容易,原级后面加est,规则类同比较级,提醒一点便可以；其余双音、多音节,前加most牢牢记。还有一点要留意,最高级前要用the；若是副词最高级,用不用the皆可以比较等级的运用原级用在as…as间，比较级用在than前。and连接两个比较级，说明“越来越怎样”。三者以上最高级，副词前可不加the。still，even，和much，比较级前“更怎样”。还有alot和alittle，也常修饰比较级常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级:原级------比较级------最高级ill/bad→worse→worst;many/much→more→most;good/well→better→bestfar→farther/further→farthest/furthest;old/older/elder→oldest/eldestlittle→less→least不规则变化口诀：合二为一有三宝,"病坏""两多"与"两好",一分为二有两刁,一个"远"来一个"老"。还有一个双含义,只记"少"来别记"小"。1.同级比较时常常用as…as…以及notso(as)…as…如：Iamnotsogoodaplayerasyouare.2.可以修饰比较级的词有：much,many,alot,even,far,abit,alittle,still,yet,byfar,any,agreatdeal。3.表示一方随另一方变化时用“themore…themore…”句型。如：Theharderyouwork,themoreotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料progressyouwillmake.4.用比较级来表达最高级的意思。如：Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.5.表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：Ourschoolisthreetimeslargerthanyours./Ourschoolisfourtimesaslargeasyours./Ourschoolisfourtimesthesizeofyours.6.表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favorite,excellent,extreme,perfect。7.ed形容词与-ing形容词的用法区别1.以后缀-ed结尾的形容词(如ashamed,delighted,excited,frightened,interested,moved,pleased,surprised,worried等)通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物，即使它们所修饰的名词是事物，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。如：Hehadapleasedsmileonhisface.他脸上露出了满意的微笑。Hetoldmethenewsinaveryexcitedvoice.他告诉了我这个消息，声音很激动。第一句中的apleasedsmile意为“满意的微笑”，它指的是某人因感到满意发出的微笑；第二句中的excitedvoice指的是“激动的声音”，即指的是带有这种声音的某人感到激动。原则上，-ed形容词通常直接用于说明人，若修饰事物，则多为air(神态),appearance(外貌),cry(哭声),face(表情),voice(声音),mood(情绪)等与显示某人的情感状况的名词。2.以后缀-ing结尾的形容词(如delighting,exciting,frightening,interesting,moving,surprising,worrying等)主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，若用它们说明人，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。如；Thestoryisveryinteresting.这个故事很有趣。Themanisveryinteresting.这个人很有趣。◆陷阱题分析◆1.Wedon’tcareifahuntingdogsmells_____,butwereallydon’twanthimtosmell____.A.well,wellB.bad,badC.well,badlyD.badly,bad【陷阱】容易误选B，认为两个smell均为连系动词，后接形容词作表语。【分析】正确答案为D。句中的第一个smell为实义动词，意为“闻气味”、“嗅觉”，smellbadly意为“嗅觉差”；第二个smell为连系动词，意为“闻起来(有某种气味)”，smellbad意为“闻起来气味难闻”。全句意为“我们并不介意一条猎狗的嗅觉不好，但我们的确不希望它的气味难闻”。2.“Ourteamis_____towinthematch.”“Really?ButIdon’tthinkso.”A.EasyB.difficultC.PossibleD.sure【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，因为假若单纯从中文意思来看，四个答案均说得通。【分析】正确答案为D，A、B、C三项填入空格处虽然从汉语来看说得通，但不合英语习惯。因为按英语习惯，easy和difficult后接不定式时，其主语(或逻辑主语)通常应是it，而不能是具体的人或物，除非这个主语与其后不定式有动宾关系。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料3.Maryisverycleverand_____worthteaching,butherbrotherisnot.Look,heisnow_____asleepinclass.A.very,veryB.much,veryC.well,veryD.well,fast【陷阱】容易误选A，因为许多学生往往将汉语中的“很”与英语中的very等同。【分析】但是，许多汉语中的“很”是不能用英语中的very来直译的。如汉语“我很喜欢英语”，在英语中就不能说成IverylikeEnglish，而应说成IlikeEnglishverymuch，因为副词very在英语中习惯上不用来修饰动词。上面一题不能选A，是因为形容词worth和asleep习惯上不能用副词very来修饰，而是分别用well和fast修饰，即说成bewellworthdoingsth(很值得做某事)，befast(或sound)asleep(熟睡)，所以此题的最佳答案应选D。4.“CouldItakeyourordernow?”“Yes.One_____teaandtwo_____coffees.”A.black,whiteB.red,whiteC.black,greenD.red,black【陷阱】容易误选B或D。【分析】按汉语习惯，在“茶”前要加表颜色的形容词通常应是“红”和“绿”，即说“红茶”和“绿茶”。但是在英语中，人们虽然可直接用greentea来表示“绿茶”，但却不能直接用redtea来表示“红茶”，汉语中的“红茶”说成英语应是blacktea，所以第一空应填black，即选A或C。对于第二空，coffee前通常使用的表颜色的形容词是white和black，其中whitecoffee指“牛奶咖啡”(因牛奶呈白色)，blackcoffee指“没有加牛奶的咖啡”（即纯咖啡或清咖啡），由此可知上题的最佳答案应是A。5.A______roadgoes______fromoneplacetoanother.A.straight,straightB.straightly,straightlyC.straight,straightlyD.straightly,straight【陷阱】容易误选C。认为straightly是straight的副词形式。【分析】在现代英语中，straight既可用作形容词，也可用作副词。而straightly这个副词在现代英语中已被废弃，许多词典均不再收录此词。所以此题最佳答案应选A。6.Howbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheard_____voice.A.abetterB.abestC.thebetterD.thebest【分析】最佳答案为A，全句句意为“她唱得多好啊！我从未听过她这么好的声音”。这里涉及到感叹句，初中英语中感叹句怎么说，陈述句和感叹句之间怎样转化呢？有口诀了：英语陈述变感叹两句套。What或How加其他成分表。What[a(an)]形加名用的妙。剩余照写句末用感叹号。How后副和形是正确道，其后照写感叹号堪称妙。7.Youare_____carefulthanyourbrother.Youtwocan’tdotheworkthatneedscareandskill.A.notmoreB.nomoreC.notlessD.noless【分析】此题最佳答案为B。要做对此题，首先要正确理解以下结构的含义：notmore…than=不如……nomore…than=和……一样不(否定两者)notless…than=不如……不(即指不如less后形容词的反面)noless…than=和……一样(肯定两者)比较以下各句的意思：Youaremorecarefulthanheis.你比他仔细。Youarenotmorecarefulthanheis.你不如他仔细。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料Youarenomorecarefulthanheis.你和他一样不仔细。Youarelesscarefulthanheis.你不如他仔细（你比他粗心）。Youarenotlesscarefulthanheis.你比他仔细（你不如他粗心）。Youarenolesscarefulthanheis.你和他一样仔细。8.“Oh,howfatheis!”“ButIthinkheis____thanfat.”A.ShortB.shorterC.moreshortD.shortest【分析】其实正确答案应是C。要弄清此问题，得先从比较句型的两种不同类型说起：(1)异类同质比较：即指两个不同的人或事物(异类)在同一方面(同质)进行比较。如：Myroomissmallerthanyours.我的房间比你的小。Ourcountryismorepowerfulthantheirs.我们的国家比他们的国家更强大。(2)同类异质比较：即指同一个人或事物(同类)在两个不同的方面(异质)进行比较，这类句子常译为“(更多的)是……，而不是”、“与其……不如……”等。如：Hewasmoreluckythanclever.他是靠运气而不是靠聪明。Shewasmaresurprisedthanangry.她感到更多的是惊讶而不是生气。Thisismoreawarmoviethanawestern.这更应当说是一部战争片，而不是西部片。按英语习惯，在进行同类异质比较时，只能用more构成比较级，不能用-er形式，即使是单音节词也是如此。练习题1.Itwas_____opportunitytomiss.A.toogoodanB.atoogoodC.tooagoodD.toogood2.Idon’tlikeitatall.Itcan’tbe_____.A.BetterB.WorseC.bestD.worst3.Therewasnothingspecialaboutthisfilm—itwasonly______.A.ParticularB.AverageC.interestingD.strange4.Shelooksvery_____butIcan’trememberhername.A.SimilarB.FamiliarC.friendlyD.strange5.Hesaidhewouldreturnthemoney,andIwas______.A.foolenoughtobelievehimB.enoughfooltobelievehimC.foolenoughbelievinghimD.enoughfoolbelievinghim6.“Thisbookis______moreusefulforusstudents.”“Yes,butitis_______toodifficult.”A.quite,quiteB.much,ratherC.rather,quiteD.quite,much7.Thechildrenalllooked_____atthebrokenmodelplaneandfeltquite_____.A.sad,sadB.sadly,sadlyC.sad,sadlyD.sadly,sad8.Thechilddreamedthathehadoncelivedina_______houseintheforest.A.woodenprettylittleB.littleprettywoodenC.prettylittlewoodenD.woodenlittlepretty9.Hewantedtoreadmore,soheaskedhisfriendsiftherewas_______toread.A.somethingeasyenoughB.somethingenougheasyC.enougheasysomethingD.easyenoughsomething10.Thedoctorassuredthepatientthattherewas______withher,butshecouldnothelpworrying.A.seriouslywrongnothingB.nothingseriouswrongotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料C.nothingseriouslywrongD.seriousnothingwrong11.—Howisyourfather?—He’sfine.He’s______toplaytenniseverySunday.A.enoughactivestillB.enoughstillactiveC.stillactiveenoughD.stillenoughactive12.—Didyouwashyournewsuitinhotwater?—Ofcoursenot.Iamnot______foolish.A.VeryB.ThatC.verymuchD.too13.—Whichteamis_______towinthegame?—Idon’tknow,butI’vefound_______forourstowin.A.probable;itunlikelyB.likely;itpossibleC.possible;itpossibleD.likely;itpossibly14.Hedidn’tunderstandthe_______question,sotherewasa______expressiononhisface.A.puzzling;puzzledB.puzzling;puzzlingC.puzzled;puzzledD.puzzled;puzzling15.Shecanspeak_______infrontofMack,butshecan’teat______inhisrestaurant.A.free,freeB.free,freelyC.freely,freeD.freely,freely16.Itwasrainingheavily.LittleMaryfeltcold,soshestood____tohermother.A.CloseB.CloselyC.closedD.closing17.Fredissecondtononeinmathsinourclass,butbelieveitornot,he_______passedthelastexam.A.EasilyB.HardlyC.actuallyD.successfully18.Inmyapartmenttherearetworooms,_____isusedasalivingroom.A.largeroneB.thelargerofwhichC.thelargestoneD.thelargestofwhich19.“Areyousatisfiedwithhisanswer?”“Notatall.Itcouldn’thavebeen____.”A.BetterB.WorseC.moreD.less20.I’m_____atsumsthanJean,butbetterathistory.A.MoreB.LessC.worseD.cleverer21.Wecouldn’thavepicked______dayforthepicnic—itrainednonstop.A.aworseB.aworstC.theworseD.theworst22.Iknowthisisnotquitetherightword,butIcan’tbebotheredtothinkof_____.A.abetterB.abestC.thebetterD.thegood23.—Didyouenjoyyourselfattheparty?—SorrytosayIdidn’t.Itwas______ameetingthanaparty.A.morelikeB.quitelikeC.lesslikeD.moreorless24.Whentheyarrivedattheschoolitwasraining_______harder.A.MoreB.QuiteC.veryDeven25.WiththedevelopmentoftheInternet,_______communicationisdonebyregularmail.A.LessB.MoreC.littleD.few26.—Ifyoudon’tliketheredcoat,taketheblueone.—OK,butdoyouhave______sizeinblue?Thisone’sabittightforme.A.abigB.abiggerC.thebigD.thebiggerotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料27.Iftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhave______atschool.A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertime　C.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertime28.Thisdressisprettier,butitcosts______thatone.A.twicemorethanB.twiceasmuchasC.asmuchtwiceasD.twicesomuchas29.Lizziewas________toseeherfriendoffattheairport．A．alittlemorethansadB．morethanalittlesadC．sadmorethanalittleD．alittlemoresadthan30.Ifyoucan’tcometomorrow，we’ll______havetoholdthemeetingnextweek．A．yetB．evenC．ratherD．just31.Thehusbandgavehiswife________everymob山inordertopleaseher．A．allhalfhisincomeB．hishalfallincomeC．halfhisallincomeD．allhishalfincome32.Thegreatsuccessofthisprogrammehasbeen________duetothesupportgivenbythelocalbusinessmen．A．ratherB．veryC．quicklyD．1argely33.Thenumberofpeoplepresentattheconcertwas________thanexpected．Thereweremanyticketsleft．A．muchsmallerB．muchmoreC．muchlargerD．manymore34.JohnSmith，asuccessfulbusinessman，hasa_________car．A．1argeGermanwhiteB．1argewhiteGermanC．whitelargeGermanD．Germanlargewhite35.________studentsarerequiredtotakepartintheboatrace．A．TenstrongyoungChineseB．TenChinesestrongyoungC．ChinesetenyoungstrongD．YoungstrongtenChinese36.The________housesmellsasifithasn’tbeenlivedinforyears．A．1ittlewhitewoodenB．1ittlewoodenwhiteC．whitewoodenlittleD．woodenwhitelittle37.Whenweplanourvacation，motheroftenoffers________suggestions．A．carefulB．practicalC．effectiveD．acceptable38.Marykeptweighingherselftoseehowmuch________shewasgetting．A．heavierB．heavyC．theheavierD．theheaviest39.HespeaksEnglishwellindeed，butofcoursenot________anativespeaker．A．asfluentasB．morefluentthanC．sofluentlyasD．muchfluentlythan40.In_________Chineseculture，marriagedecisionswereoftenmadebyparentsfortheirchildren．A．traditionalB．historicC．remoteD．initial41.Mostpeopleonthisislandarerecreationalfishers，and________，fishingformsanactualpartoftheirleisuretime．A．accidentallyB．purposefullyC．obviouslyD．formally42.Imustbegettingfat--Ican________d0mytrousersup．A．fairlyB．hardlyC．nearlyD．seldomotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料43.Mr.Smithusedtosmoke________buthehasgivenitup．A．seriouslyB．heavilyC．badlyD．hardly44.EveryoneWasontimeforthemeeting_________Chris，who’susuallytenminuteslateforeverything．A．butB．onlyC．evenD．yet45.Thatdoesn’tsoundveryfrightening，Paul．I’veseen________．Whatdidyoulikemostaboutthefilm?A．betterB．worseC．bestD．worst46.Ihaveworkedwithhimforsometimeandhavefoundthatheis___thanJohn．A．moreefficientlyaworkerB．amoreefficientworkerC．moreanefficientworkerD．aworkermoreefficiently47._________，somefamousscientistshavethequestionsofbeingbothcarefulandcareless．A．StrangelyenoughB．EnoughstrangelyC．StrangeenoughD．Enoughstrange48.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas____tocarryallthewayhome．A．muchtooheavyB．toomuchheavyC．heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuch49.Ourneighborhas________ours．A．asabighouseasB．asbigahouseasC．thesamebighouseasD．ahousethesamebigas50.Wewerein________whenweleftthatweforgottheairlinetickets．A．arushsoanxiousB．asuchanxiousrushC．soananxiousrushD．suchananxiousrush51.--Iwasridingalongthestreetandallofasudden,aearcutinandknockedmedown．--Youcanneverbe________carefulinthestreet．A．muchB．veryC．soD．too52.--Youdon’tlookvery________．Areyouill?--No，I’mjustabittired．A．goodB．wellC．strongD．Healthy53.FourofRobert’schildrenwereattheparty，including________，Luke．A．theeldestB．anoldestoneC．theoldD．anoldone54.Manystudentssignedupforthe________raceinthesportsmeetingtobeheldnextweek．A．800-metre-longB．800-metres-longC．800metrelengthD．800metreslength55.Aftersuppershewouldsitdownbythefire，sometimesfor________anhour，thinkingofheryoungandhappydays．A．aslongasB．assoonasC．asmuchasD．asmanyas56.Borishasbrains．infact．Idoubtwhetheranyoneintheclasshas________IQ．A．ahighB．ahigherC．thehigherD．thehighest57.Allthepeople________atthepartywerehissupporters．A．presentB．thankfulC．interestedD．importantotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料58.Itwasrainingheavily．LittleMaryfeltcold，soshestood________tohermother．A．closeB．closelyC．closedD．closing59.AsfarasIamconcerned．educationisaboutlearningandthemoreyoulearn，_________A．themoreforlifeareyouequippedB．themoreequippedforlifeyonamC．themorelifeyouareequippedforD．youareequippedthemoreforlife60--I’mvery________withmyowncooking．Itlooksniceandsmellsdelicious．--Mm，itdoeshavea________smell．A．pleasant；pleasedB．pleased；pleasedC．pleasant；pleasantD．pleased；pleasant61.Twomiddle—agedpassengersfellintothesea．_____，neitherofthemcouldswim．A．InfactB．LuckilyC．UnfortunatelyD．Naturally62.Americanseat________vegetablesperpersontodayastheydidin1910．A．morethantwiceB．astwiceasmanyC．twiceasmanyasD．morethantwiceasmany63.Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingis________itisascience．A．anartmuchasB．muchanartasC．asanartmuchasD．asmuchanartas64.Inrecentyearstravelcompanieshavesucceededinsellingustheideathatthefurtherwego，__________.A．ourholidaywillbebetterB．ourholidaywillbethebetterC．thebetterourholidaywillbeD．thebetterwillourholidaybe65.AsIknow，thereis________carinthisneighborhood．A．nosuchB．noaC．notsuchD．nosucha66.Manypeoplehavehelpedwithcannedfood，however，thefoodbankneeds________forthepoor．A．moreB．muchC．manyD．most67.Inthatcase，thereisnothingyoucando________thanwait．A．moreB．otherC．betterD．any68.Iamsurprisedthatyoushouldhavebeenfooledbysucha(an)________trick．A．ordinaryB．easyC．smartD．simple69.______totakethisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills．A．BraveenoughstudentsB．EnoughbravestudentsC．StudentsbraveenoughD．Studentsenoughbrave70.It’salwaysdifficultbeinginaforeigncountry，________ifyoudon’tspeakthelanguage.A．extremelyB．naturallyC．basicallyD．especially71.Ifyouwanttochangeforadoubleroomyou’11havetopay________815．A．anotherB．otherC，moreD．each72.You’restandingtoonearthecamera．Canyoumove________?A．abitfarB．alittlefartherC．abitoffartherD．alittlefar第五章介词otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词。介词又叫做前置词，通常置于名词之前。它是一种虚词，不需要重读，在句中不单独作任何句子成分，只表示其后的名词或相当于名词的词语与其他句子成分的关系。I.介词分类：1简单介词about,across,after,against,among,around,at,below,beyond,during,in,on2合成介词inside,into,onto,outof,outside,throughout,upon,within,without3短语介词accordingto,becauseof,insteadof,upto,dueto,owingto,thanksto4双重介词fromamong,frombehind,fromunder,tillafter,inbetween5分词转化成的介词considering(就而论),including6形容词转化成的介词like,unlike,near,next,oppositeII.常用介词区别：1表示时间的in,on,atat表示片刻的时间，in表示一段的时间，on总是与日子有关（也就是具体指到某一天或者某一天的上午或者下午）2表示时间的since,fromsince指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用，from指从时间的某一点开始3表示时间的in,afterin指在一段时间之后(表将来)，after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中4表示地理位置的in,on,to，offin表示在某范围内，on指与接壤，to指隔海相望，off表示与…有段距离5表示“在…上”的on,inon只表示在某物的表面上，in表示占去某物一部分6表示“穿过”的through,acrossthrough表示从内部通过，与in有关，across表示在表面上通过，与on有关7表示“关于”的about,onabout指涉及到，on指专门论述8between与among的区别between表示在两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间9besides与except的区别Besides表示“除…外，还有…”，指更进一步的拥有，包括所“除去事物”在内。except指“除了…之外”，不包含“除去部分”，不放在句首10表示“用”的in,withwith表示具体的工具，in表示材料，方式，方法，度量，单位，语言，声音otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料11as与like的区别as意为“作为，以…地位或身份”，like为“象…一样”，指情形相似12in与into区别in通常表示位置（静态），into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置初中介词的几大辨析总结：一．时间介词的用法辨析1，时间介词in、on、at、by的用法辨析介词in用来表示一天中某段时间，指天、年、月、季节、周次等。如：inthemorning介词on用来表示某一天或星期几，指明具体的时间。如：onarainyday介词at用来表示特定的时间、节日、年龄等。如：atnoon介词by表示…的时候、到、等到…已经等用在天、时间的前面。如：by2o‘clock2，时间介词in与after的用法辨析介词in+一段时间用于一般将来时。如：We’llgotoschoolintwoweeks.介词after+一段时间用于一般过去时。如：Mymothercamehomeafterhalfanhour.介词after+时间点常用于一般将来时。如：We’llgooutforawalkaftersupper.3，时间介词for与since的用法辨析介词for表示一段时间如：Ihavebeenlivingherefor10years.介词since表示从过去某一时间以来如：Ihavebeenlivingheresince2000.4，时间介词during与for的用法辨析当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during如：Heswimseverydayduringthesummer.如果一段时间不明确则用介词for如：Ihaven’tseenherforyears.5，时间介词before与by的用法辨析介词before表示“在…之前”如：Hewon’tcomebackbeforefive.介词by表示“到…时为止，不迟于…”如：TheworkmustbefinishedbyFriday.6，时间介词till与until用法的异同till和until用在肯定句中，均可表示“直到…为止”，如：Iwillwaittill（until）seveno"clock．till和until用在否定句中，均可表示“在…以前”或“直到…才”。如：Tomdidn"tcomebacktill（until）midnight．till多用于普通文体，而until则用于多种文体，并且在句子开头时，用until而不用till。如：Untilhecomesback，nothingcanbedone．7，不用介词表达时间的几种情况当表示时间的词前有this,that时，其前面不用介词，如：thismorning当表示时间的词前有next时，其前面不用介词，如：nextSunday当表示时间的词前有last时，其前面不用介词，如：lastSunday当表示时间的词前有one,any,each,every,some或all时，其前面不用介词，如：Youcancomeanyday.时间名词前所用介词的速记歌年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料午夜黄昏须用at，黎明用它也不错。at也用在明分前，说“差”可要用上to，说“过”只可使用past，多说多练牢牢记，莫让岁月空蹉跎。二．方位介词与地点介词的用法辨析1，方位介词on,over,above的用法辨析介词on表示一物放在另一物上面，两者紧贴在一起，如：Thebookisonthetable.介词over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系，即“在…上方”，如：Isthereanybridgeovertheriver?介词above表示一般的“高于…”，“在…之上”，如：Therewasanelectricclockabovehisbed.方位介词under与below的用法辨析介词under是over的反义词即“在…下方”，如：Theywereseenunderthetree.介词below是above的反义词即“低于…”，“在…之下”，如：Theylivebelowus.2，方位介词across,、through、over,、past的用法辨析介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”，强调从表面穿过。如：Shewentacrossthestreettomakesomepurchases.介词through着重于“穿越”，强调从一定的空间内穿过。如：Thesunlightwascominginthroughthewindow.介词over多表示从“上方越过”，如：Hefailedtogooverthemountain;hehadtogoroundit.介词past表示从“面前经过”，如：Someonehasjustgonepastthewindow.3，方位介词in、on、at的用法辨析介词in表示“排、行、组”，如：WeareinTeamOne.介词on表示“左、右”，如：LiPingisonmyleft.介词at表示“前、后”，如：Isitatthefrontoftheclassroom.4，方位介词to、for的用法辨析介词to表示目的地或去的目的，如：WilyoutakeatraintoTianjian.介词for表示动身去某地，如：HegotonatrainforShanghai.5，地点介词at与in的用法辨析介词at表示较小的地方，如家、村、乡村等，如：Helivesatasmallvillage.介词in表示较大的地方，如大城市、国家、洲等，如：HelivesinBeijing.6，地点介词at与on的用法辨析介词at用于门牌号，如：HelivesatNo.200,NanjingRoad.介词on用于路名，如：HelivesonNanjingRoad.7，地点介词in、on、to的用法辨析介词in表示“包含”如：BeijingisinthenorthofChina.介词on表示“紧邻”如：CanadaliesonthenorthoftheU.S.介词to表示“没接触”如：FranceliestothesouthofEngland.三．其他易混介词的用法辨析1，动作介词to与toward的用法辨析介词to表示向某处移动，如：Theyweredrivingtoworktogether.介词toward表示移向某处，如：We"removingtowardthelight.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料2，原因介词because、as、for的用法辨析介词because表示“因为；由于”指直接的、明确的原因，用来回答why的问句，语气最强。如：Theboywasabsentbecausehewasill.介词as表示“由于；鉴于”指一种显而易见、谈话双方已知的理由。如：Shestayedathomeasshehadnocar.介词for表示“因为；由于”指一种间接原因，甚至只是一种附带的说明。如：Itmusthaverainedlastnight,fortheroadiswet.3，材料介词of和from的用法介词of用于成品与材料的性质不变时，如：Thedeskismadeofwood.介词from用于成品与材料的性质已变时，如：Wineismadefromgrapes.4，表示“用”的介词in、with、by的用法辨析介词in表示“用材料、语言”如：CanyousayitinEnglish?介词with表示“用工具、某物”如：withapen介词by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”如：Hepreferstravelingbycar.5，介词between与among的用法辨析介词between表示“在两者之间”如：Don’tsitbetweenthetwogirls.介词among表示“在…当中（三者或以上）”如：Theylivedamongthemountainsinthepast.6，介词besides与except的用法辨析介词besides表示“除…之外（全部计算在内）”如：WehaveseenthecrocodilebesidesLiFang.介词except表示“除…之外（不计算在内）”如：WeareallChineseexceptTominourclass.I例句：1,____________________________________________________________2,____________________________________________________________3,____________________________________________________________4,____________________________________________________________5,____________________________________________________________6,____________________________________________________________II例句：1,____________________________________________________________2,____________________________________________________________3,____________________________________________________________4,____________________________________________________________5,____________________________________________________________6,____________________________________________________________7,____________________________________________________________8,____________________________________________________________9,____________________________________________________________10,___________________________________________________________11,___________________________________________________________otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料12,___________________________________________________________1.---WhenwillMrBlackcometoBeijing?---___________September5.A.OnB.ToC.AtD.In答案：A。表示时间的介词的用法。表示某一天用介词on。2.Theboysfeltsadastheylost________thegirlsinthetalkshow.A.byB.inC.toD.on答案：C。该题考查的是介词和动词的固定搭配。lose表示输给谁的时候用介词to。应选C。3---Ilikeridingfast.It’sveryexciting.---Oh!Youmustn’tdoitlikethat,________itmayhaveanaccident.A.andB.orC.soD.but答案：B。该题考查的是并列连词的用法。答语的意思是“你不要那样做，否则会发生事故的。”在这四个并列连词中，只有or含有这样的意思，所以应选B。4.Johnfellasleep________hewaslisteningtothemusic.A.afterB.beforeC.whileD.assoonas答案：C。该题考查的是引导时间状语从句的常用从属连词的用法。本句的含义是“约翰在听音乐的时候睡着了。”表示在干某事时发生了某个事情”通常用while。因此应选C。例题例一，Theplaybeginsat6:40pm.Sowehavetobeatthetheatre________6:30pmatthelatest.A.afterB.aroundC.untilD.by选D。从“戏剧在下午6:40开始”可知到达剧院的时间最迟不应晚于6:30。A项表示“下午6:30后到剧院”，C项表示“在剧院呆到下午6:30为止”，均不合题意。B项干扰性最强，around意为“左右，大约”,但在6:30pm后有atthelatest“最晚”,二者相矛盾。C项by是notlaterthan(不迟于)之意，整合题意。例二，Theyheldaceremony________thosekilledinthebattle.A.inhonorofB.insteadofC.infavorofD.bymeansof选A。inhonourof意为“为庆祝(为向...表示敬意,为纪念”；insteadof意为“代替;而不是”；infavorof意为“赞成；支持”；bymeansof意为“通过;用;借助于”。根据句意“他们举行了纪念阵亡战士的仪式”可知答案为A。例三.Afterfinishingmiddleschool,mysisterdidnothing________athome.A.buttoreadB.butreadC.besidesreadingD.excepttoread选B，nothingbut是固定结构，意思是“除了…外不再…”,后接动词原形例四.Writeyournameandaddressonyourbag________youloseit.A.inanycaseB.incaseC.innocaseD.inthatcaseotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料选B。inanycase意为“在任何情况下”；incase意为“以防万一，如果”；innocase意为“决不”；inthatcase意为“如果那样的话”。句意为“在你的包上写上名字和地址以防丢失”。例五.—________didtheprofessorgiveyoumuchadvice?—Thechoiceofacareer.A.OnwhatB.InwhatC.WhatD.Forwhat选A。“教授给你提的什么建议?”“择业”。“关于…的建议”应用介词on。例六.Imadecoat________myownhands.Itwasmade________handnotwithamachine.A.in;inB.in;withC.with;byD.with;with选C，byhand意为“用手工”；with“用”,表示使用的工具,手段，如Hehititwithastone.例七.Heisrunning________thewindtowardstheeastofthestation________Tomrunning________theright.A.down;and;onB.against;with;onC.for;with;inD.with;while;to选B。againstthewind“逆风”；ontheright意为“在后边”；介词with与一个复合结构构成短语，用作状语，说明状态、方式等。例八.Notallofusknowthedifference________wheat,oatsandbarley.A.amongB.betweenC.fromD.inB。一般说来，between用于两者之间，among表示三者和三者以上之间。但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两相互间的关系，适用于between.如：Thesoldierishiddenbetweenthetrees.在谈论事物间的差别时总是用between.例九.Theyoungsingerisquitepopular________thepublic.She’smadearemarkableachievement________agirlofherage.A.with;toB.to;forC.with;forD.for;to选C，词组bepopularwith意为“受…欢迎”，for“就…而论，比较…而言”。例十.Theappletreeshavelotsofbigapples________them.Andsomebirdsaresinging________thetrees.A.in;onB.at;inC.on;inD.with;throughotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料选C，介词on意为“在…之上，依附于”；in意为“(表场所，位置)在……之内/上”inthetree译为“在树上”。也有这样解释本题的，作为树本身部分表示“在树上”的用on,其他非树本身部分的在树上要用in例十一.Thatwomanwillquarrel________everybody________anything.A.about;aboutB.about;withC.with;aboutD.with;with选C。quarrelwithsb.about/over意为“和某人争论某事”。句意为“那个女人无论碰到什么事儿,总是和别人争吵不休。”例十二.Theweatherthismonthhasbeengood________.A.onthewholeB.generallyspeakingC.aboveallD.ononehand选A。onthewhole意为“总的来说；从总体上看”；generallyspeaking“一般说来”；aboveall意为“首先，最重要的”；ononehand意为“一方面”。句意为“这个月的天气基本上是好的”例十三.Weshoulddivideallthepotatoes________twopilesandseparatedthegoodones________thebadones.A.from;byB.into;fromC.into;intoD.from;intoB。divide…into和separate…from都有“把……分开”的意思。但前者指“把整体分成若干部分”，后者指“把连在一起的分开”。例十四.Theysaidthebuildingwouldbecompleted________ayear.A.afterB.forC.inD.about选C。in,after这两个介词都可以用来表达“在若干时间之后”。in可以用于将来时态或一般过去时态的句子中；after用于一般过去时，如果表示某时刻之后或某件事之后，则不受时态的限制。例十五.—Theseboxesaretooheavyformetocarry.—Here,I’llgiveyouahand________them.A.forB.toC.withD.byC。答语中的them指前一句的boxes。Givesb.ahandwithsth./in(at)doingsth.意为“帮助某人做某事”。习题11Childrengetgifts____Christmasand____theirbirthdays.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料A.on;onB.at;onC.in;inD.in;on2-Thereisnothingtomorrowafternoon,isthere?-No.Wecanhaveagameoftabletennis.A.onB.inC.outD.up3，Alotofstudentsinourschoolwereborn____March,1981.A.inB.atC.onD.since4Timsuddenlyreturned____arainynight.A.onB.atC.inD.during5Mygrandfatherwasborn____Oct.10,1935.A.onB.inC.atD.of6Thetrainisstarting___fiveminutes.A.inB.atC.forD.still7Mikedoeshisexercises____seven_____theevening.A.on;toB.at;inC.by;ofD.at;on21Thepopulationoftheworldhasgrownveryfast____fourhundredyears.A.forpasttheB.inthepassC.inthepastD.forpast2Wereturnedtoourhometown___.A.nextweekB.inthelastweekC.lastweekD.foraweek3Greatchangeshavetakenplace___.A.inthelastfewyearB.inthelastfewyearsC.lastyearD.onthelastyear31Childrenwakeupveryearly____themorningofChristmasDay.A.inB.onC.forD.at2____acoldwintermorning,Imetherinthestreet.A.InB.OnC.AtD.For3Ithappenedtobeverycold____themorningofoursportsmeet.A.atB.onC.withD.of4Whydidyougetupsoearly___thismorning.A.onB./C.atD.in41HewenttoShanghai___September3,1991andcameback___acoldmorninglastyear.A.in;onB.on;inC.on;onD.in;in2Lucywasborn____thenightofMay12,1984.A.onB.inC.atD.to3Mrs.BrowncametoChina____1996.A.onB.ofC.to,D.in4___themorningofNovember20,1915,theworkerscametoChicagotoshowtheirmourning___JoeHill.A.On;toB.In;ofC.On;forD.At;for5Annmoved___Hangzhou___September,1992.A./;inB.to;inC.to;onD.in;inotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料6Theystartedoff___anautumnafternoon.A.duringB.atC.inD.on51Heoftengoes____school____sixthirty____themorning.A.for;to;inB.to;atinC.to;for;atD,for;at;to2Hearrived___Shanghai___9:30___March5.fA.at;in;atB.to;on;atC.in;on;atD.in;at;on3TheEnglishteachertoldmetogetthere____halfpastten.A:inB.atC.onD.of4Thechildrengetup___6o"clock.A.atB.onC.duringD.in61Thedoctorworked___fivehours___arest.A.for;withB.on;withoutC.about;havingD.for;without2Iworkedontheproblem____alongtimeandIworkeditout____myself____last.A.for;by;atB.in;with;onC.on;by;inD.for;for;atthe3Anewfactorywillbesetup___ayearslater.A.forB.inC.afterD.on4Twoyears___hebegantowriteanotherstory-book.A.afterB.later;C.inD.late5Wewillfinishthepictureaday.A.inB.onC.afterD.on6Theworkershadbeen____strike____almostamonth.A.on;inB.at;inC.on;forD.on;during7Mr.Brownhadlain____theground____fourhoursbeforetheyfinallyfoundhim.A.on;forB.at;inC.on;afterD.in;during71Theteacheriscomingback___anhour.A.afterB.forC.inD.before2Shelivedinthemountainvillage____theyears1940-1950.A.betweenB.duringC.inD.since3MissWangwillcometoBeijing____twodays.A.afterB.inC.onD.before4TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwon____theend.A.byB.atC.inD.on87Maryhadfinishedherhomework____thetimeIgothome.A.untilB.byC.atD.when2Westayedatthelab___ourteacherreturned.A.tillB.byC.duringD.while3Theydidn"tleavethestation___theygetonthetrain.A.untilB.byC.afteryD.at91Don"tworry.Hewillreturn____.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料A.beforelongB.longbeforeC.longlongagoD.longago2Therelivedanoldman,fishingatsea____.A.longbeforeB.beforelongC.longtimeagoD.soon3Itwasnot_____theycameback.A.longbeforeB.beforelongC.longtimebeforeD.longafter4IwastoldthathisunclehadgonetoFrance.A.longbefore-B.shortlyafterC.beforelongD.longago101___Tomgetsupatfiveinthemorning.A.SometimeB.SometimesC.SometimeD.Sometimes2Irememberwemeteachother___lastyear.A.Sometime"B.sometimesC.sometimeD.sometimes3MaryandIhavebeentotheGreatWall,___.A.sometimeB.sometimeC.sometimesD.sometimes4HestudiedEnglishfor____inLondon,andthenhewenttoAmerica.A.sometimesB.sometimenewC.sometimeD.sometimes111Idon"tliketosit___Tom"sright.Iwouldliketosit___thebackrow.A.on;inB.in;onC.on;atD.at;on2Thereisabrook____redflowersandgreengrass___bothsides.A.ofwithB.with;onC.of;atD.with;in3Therearemanytrees___oftheroad!And____ofthetreesisgrowinglargerandlarger.A.onbothside;anumberB.oneachsides;anumberC.onbothsides;thenumberD.oneveryside;thenumber121Theplaneisflying_____.A.intheskyB.in.theairC.inspaceD.insky2Thereisasweetsmell___.A.intheairB.intheopenairC.intheskyD.inthespace3Weheldaninterestingparty___.A.intheairB.intheskyC.intheopenairD.inspace4Seenfrom___,theearthappearstobeabigblueball.A.thespaceB.spaceC.aspaceD.thisspace131Tomsits____theclassroomwhileJohnsits____theroom.A.infrontof;atbackofB.inthefrontof;atthebackofC.infrontof;atthebackofD.inthefrontof;atbackof2Lucysits____thethirdrow,____Jim"sleft.A.on;onB.in;atC.at;inD.in;on3Jiangsuis___theeastofChina,butJapanis___theeastofChina.A.to;inB.in;to.C.on;toD.to;on141.-CanIlookupaword____yourdictionary?otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料-Ihaven"tgot____me.A.into;aboutB.in;withC.at;inD.on;on21likemoon-cakes____meat____them.A.in;onB.with;onC.in;theD.with;in3Whenyouare___troublepleaseaskhelp___us.A.in;fromB.in;forC.on;fromD.on;of4Theshopkeepersaidtheyhadsoldouttheshoes____yoursize.A.aboutB.inC.toD.of5Isawhim___hurryatthemoment.A.inaB.inC.onD.ona151Heputupamap___thebackwallbecausetherewasahole___it.A.on;onB.at;inC.on;inD.on;at2Thereisadoor___thewall."ta^ncA.onB.toC.ofD.in3ThiskindofVCDismade____China..A.inB.fromC.atD.on4Anyman___eyes______hisheadcanseethathe"sexactlylikearope.A.with;onB.with;inC.on;withD.in;with161Therearesomebirdssinging___thetrees.A.inB.onC.atD.from2Don"tread____thesun.It"sbad___youreyes.A.in;toB.under;forC.with;toD.in;on3Thewoman____abluedressismyteacher.A.inB.onC.ofD.at4Therearesomanyapples___thattree.A.inJB,onC.at,D.from171Theboatispassing___thebridge.A.throughB.belowC.underD.across2Twoplanesareflying___thecity.A.throughB.over,C.on,D,below3Wecanseeariverrunningtotheeast____thehill,.;,A.underB.belowC.overD.on4Doyouseethekite___thebuilding.A.overB.crossC.onD.above181TheUnitedStatesis____thesouthofCanadaand___theeastofJapan.A.to;inB.on;toC.in;besideD.at;on2Myhometownlies___thecity.___Ioftengotothecitybybike.A.50milesintheeast;HoweverB.totheeast40milesof;ButC.intheeast45milesfrom;ButD.35mileseastof;However3Themanstood____thewindow,watchingtheboysplayingoutside.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料A.inB.byC.withD.to4Japanlies____theeastofChina.A.onB，toC.inD.with191Isthestreettoonarrowforthebustogo___?A.throughB.acrossC.onD.in2Amothercamelwaswalking___herson___thedesert.A.without;alongB.with;throughC.nextto;passD.beside;through3Theriverruns____thecity.A.acrossB.throughC.overD.from4Ittookusoveranhourtowalk____thisstreet.A.fromB.throughC.overD.across201UncleWangarrived____No.14MiddleSchoolhalfanhourago.A.atB.inC.,to^D./2Didyourfriendsendyousomething___theendoflastweek?A.atB.byC.inD.to3Themonument____thoseheroesstands____thefootofthemountain.A.of;atB.to;onC.for;byD.to;at4Myunclelives____88BeijingStreet.A.toB.ofC.atD.on5Theyarewaiting___abus___thebusstop.A.for;inB.on;atC.with;atD.for;at211Woodisoftenmade___paper.A.byB.fromC.ofD.into2___research___theuniversescientistshaveputalotofinformation___computers.A.With;over;atB."On;at;toC.In;about;intoD.For;with;through3Whenapieceoficeistaken____awarmroom,itgetssmallerandsmalleruntil___theenditdisappearscompletely.A.in;inB.outof;atC.into;inD.to;by4Awomanfell___theboat___thewater.A.off;intoB.at;belowC.down;underD.away;in221Thetablesintherestaurantaresoclosetogetherthatthere"shardlyanyroomtomove___them.A.amongB.betweenC.inthemiddleofD.atthecentreof2Englishiswidelyusedforbusiness____differentcountries.A.betweenB.toC.forD.on3Isthereanydifference____thesetwosentences?A.forB.inC.amongD.between4Wevisitedhimathisworkplace___theyoungtreesandaskhimabouthiswork.A.inB.amongC.betweenD.atotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料5Thereisthedifference___ChinesefoodandAmericanfood.A.fromB.atC.betweenD.by6Thepolicestationis___theclothingshop___thepostoffice.A.between;andB.among;andC.near;ofD.on;right7Heis____thegreatestscientistsintheworld.A.amongB.betweenC.inD.of237Thereisabook-store___ourhouse.A.atB.throughC.acrossD.near2Ourheadmastershowedthevisitors____ourschool.A.toB.forC.around-;D.near3Themoonisthe___totheearth.A.closedB.nearC.nearestD.close241Wehaveclasseseveryday____Sunday.A.besideB.besidesC.exceptD.exceptfor2Nobodyknewit____me.A.butB.besideC.besidesD.without3Whatdoyouspendyourtimeon___workandstudy?A.exceptB.besidesC.butD.without4Doyouknowanyotherforeignlanguage____English.A.withoutB.besideC.besidesD.except5Weneedfifteenmorepeople____thetwentyofustodothejob.A.besidesB.andC.exceptD.without6NooneknewwhereMr.Smithlived____hisdaughter.A.besidesB.andC,onlyD.except251_____thehelpoftheteacher,Tomhasmaderapidprogress____hisstudies.A.For;atB.Of;forC.By;onD.With;in2Thechildrenareinterested___thissubject.A.toB.withC.inD.at3Hismotheroftenhelpshim___Englishsohedoesbetter___Englishthanothers.;A.with;inB.on;inC.in;withD.with;at4I"velostmyinterest____physics.A.inB.onC.atD.for5Hedroveaway___thedirectionofLondon.A.inB.atC.toD.for6Theletterwaswritten___ink.A.withB.inC.byD.at261___themoney,sheboughtanewcoat___herfather.A.With;forB.With;toC.For;withD.To;with2WeiHuagetsonwell___herclassmates.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料A.withB.inC.toD.at3Thereissomethingwrong___mybike.A.atB.inC，onD.with4Theyarefillingtheirbags____booksandotherthings.A.inB.withC.ofD.by5Whentheteacherheardustalkinginclass,hewasveryangry____A.toB.withC.forD.of6WeusuallycovertheChristmastrees____colourlights.A.inB.useC.forD.with271-Hissuddendeathsurprisedhiswife.-Itwassobad.Hiswifewassurprised____hisdeath.A.byB.withC.atD.on2Don"tlaugh____him,heonlymadeasmallmistake.A.atB.toC.aboutD.over3Theboycriedout___thetopofhisvoice.A.atB.inC.onD.to281WeChinesepeopleareall___ourmotherland.A.famousforB.proudofC.busywithD.goodat2Thebeautifulbottlewasmade____glass.A.fromB.inC.ofD.by3Thisisamap___China.A.inB.atC.ofD.on4Agroup___boysandgirlsaredancinginthepark.A.withB.ofC.forD.to291Theyaregettingready____fly____England____theirholiday.A.for;to;toB.to;to;forC.for;for;toD.to;to;to2Whatdidyouhave___breakfast?A.atB.asC.forD.about3Theywereinvitedtoanimportantball____thefirsttime____theirlives.A.for;inB.at;inC.on;forD.in;with4Tomalwayscomeslate____school.A.at.B.insideC.toD.for5Mr.Smithcaughthold___Bobandsaid,"Thisisagoodlesson___you.A.of;forB.for;ofC.of;ofD.for;for6Theshop___clothesistherightside___thestreet.A.of;at;besideB.for;on;atC.for;on;ofD.of;in;of第六章动词otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料I.动词的时态：1.动词的时态一共有16种，以ask为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下：现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般ask/asksaskedshall/willaskshould/wouldask进行am/is/areaskingwas/wereaskingshall/willbeaskingshould/wouldbeasking完成have/hasaskedhadaskedshall/willhaveaskedshould/wouldhaveasked完成进行have/hasbeenaskinghadbeenaskingshall/willhavebeenaskingshould/wouldhavebeenasking2.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1)现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况，但和现在有联系，强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果，它不能同表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“已经”等词。简言之，利用过去，说明现在。如：Ihavealreadyreadthenovelwrittenbytheworld-famouswriter.(已经看过，且了解这本书的内容)2)一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，和现在无关，它可和表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“过”，“了”等词。简言之，仅谈过去，不关现在。如：Ireadthenovellastmonth.(只说明上个月看了，不涉及现在是否记住)IlivedinBeijingfortenyears.（只说明在北京住过十年，与现在无关）3.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别：两者都可以表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”，在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时，多用现在完成时，如着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性时，则多用现在完成进行时。一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现在完成进行时。Ihavereadthatbook.我读过那本书了。Ihavebeenreadingthatbookallthemorning.我早上一直在读那本书。4.一般将来时的表达方式：将来时用法例句1will/shall+动词原形表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态Mysisterwillbetennextyear.2begoingto+动词原形含有“打算，计划，即将”做某事，或表示很有可能要发生某事It’sgoingtoclearup.We’regoingtohaveapartytonight.3be+doing进行时表示将来go,come,start,move,leave,arrive等词可用进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作Heismovingtothesouth.AretheyleavingforEurope?4beaboutto+动词原形表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动作，后面一般不跟时间状语Iwasabouttoleavewhenthebellrang.Themeetingisabouttoclose.5beto+动词原形表示按计划进行或征求对方意见We’retomeetattheschoolgateatnoon.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料6一般现在时表示将来时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情，可用一般现在时表示将来Themeetingstartsatfiveo’clock.Theplaneleavesattenthisevening.II.动词的被动语态：常用被动语态构成常用被动语态构成1一般现在时am/is/areasked6过去进行时was/werebeingasked2一般过去时was/wereasked7现在完成时have/hasbeenasked3一般将来时shall/willbeasked8过去完成时hadbeenasked4过去将来时should/wouldbeasked9将来完成时will/wouldhavebeenasked5现在进行时am/is/arebeingasked10含有情态动词的can/must/maybeasked注意事项被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构begoingto,usedto,haveto,hadbetter变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。如：Treesshouldnotbeplantedinsummer./Theboywasmadefunofbyhisclassmates.Newspapersusedtobesentherebythelittlegirl.汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。（也就是It在这里做形式主语）如：Itisbelievedthat…Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…Itissaidthat…Itiswellknownthat…Itmustbepointedoutthat…Itissupposedthat…Itisreportedthat…Itmustbeadmittedthat…Itishopedthat…下面主动形式常表示被动意义：如：Thewindowwants/needs/requiresrepairing.（needdoing常考）Thebookisworthreadingtwice.Thedoorwon’tshut./Theplaywon’tact.Theclotheswasheswell./Thebooksellswell.Thedishtastesdelicious./Waterfeelsverycold.下面词或短语没有被动态：leave,enter,reach,become,benefit,cost,equal,contain,last,lack,fit,fail,have,appear,happen,occur,belongto,takeplace,breakout,comeabout,agreewith,keepupwith,consistof,haveon,loseheart等等otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料动词部分常见的疑难考点有如下口诀：动词do用法口诀　　实动表示“做、干”，现在时态看“单三”。　　简略答语可用do，代替“上述”免重复。　　Don’tdosth..构否定，Dosb.do疑问型。　　助动词用法口诀　　新添助动词很重要，时态人称一肩挑，　　句型转换打头阵，谓语还原要记牢。　　have/has用法口诀　　动词have表示“有”，位置就在主语后。　　“三单”主语用has，其他人称have留。　　一般问句两法变：　　一是把它提向前，或者句首do来添。　　否定句子也一样，就看not怎么放。（1）谓语be的用法我用am，你用are除此之外的单数包括他她还有它统统都是用is我们你们和他们只要复数都用are（2)一般疑问句和否定句的变化一般问句并不难，谓语调到主语前。大写小写有变化，句末要把问号加。第一人称常变二。否定句就更简单，中间加上一not，谓语动词提到前。（3)现在进行时很好记，结构be＋动词ing。be由主语来决定，句中常用标志词，now，look，listen！（4)一般现在时，肯定句的现在式。不是三单用原形，是三单就加s，es，otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料若是否定疑问句，没有be就加个do，碰到三单加does。如把does加在前，动词就要还原形。（5)一般过去时，肯定句的过去式。规则动词加ed，不规则的必须记。否定形式疑问句，没有be加did。如把did加在前，动词也要还原形。（6）后接动词不定式做宾语补足语省略不定式符号“to”的一些常用特殊动词一些动词要掌握，have,let和make,此三动词是使役，“注意”“观察”“听到”see，还有feel和watch，使用它们要仔细，后接“宾补”略去“to”，此点千万要牢记除此之外，还可以掌握“八字言”，一感feel,二听hear,listento,三让have,let,make,四看see,lookat,observe,watch动词以及非谓语部分是初中英语乃至整个英语学习的核心内容，重中之重，那么接下来我们就以例题的形式来回顾下近些年中考动词部分考查的考点例一----HowlongmayI____thebook?----Fortwoweeks.A.borrowB.lendC.buyD.keep这里涉及到几个“借”。首先根据后面的回答，是两个星期，那么说明问的就是我能借这本书多久,那么这四个答案中C答案是买，不对，A，B，C的区别在哪里呢？请同学们记住：borrow表示的是“借来”，是从别人那借到自己这。Lend是“借出去”，强调的是自己借给别人。而keep强调的则是借的时间的长短，所以答案是D例二Shelikestravelingbyairbutit____toomuch.A.paysB.costsC.takesD.spends这里是几个“花费”的区别，pay指的是“为…付款”，常考sbpayforsth，某人为什么而付款。cost的主语是物或某种活动，表示的时某个物品或者某件事花费了某人多少钱或者多少时间，常考sthcostsbst/sm。Take在做花费讲的时候固定的句型是ittakessbst/smtodosth。spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：(1)spendtime／moneyonsth.在……上花费时间（金钱）。(2)spendtime／money(in)doingsth.花费时间（金钱）做某事。例三Mymotherusedto____metwostoriesatleastbeforeIwenttobed.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料A.sayB.speakC.tellD.stalk在初中阶段，这四个词不需要去讲的太复杂，大家记住以下的就是了：speak+语言,eg:speakEnglish。talk+介词,eg:talkto,talkwith,talkabout。say+说话内容,eg:sayitinEnglish。tell+双宾语，tellsbtodosth,所以此题选择C例四We____carefullybutwecould____nothing.A.heard;listenB.heard;listentoC.listened;hearD.listenedto;hear这里需要明白，listento强调的是“听的动作”，而hear强调的是“听得结果”，这句话的意思是：我很认真的听了，但是什么也听不到。，所以前者强调的是听得动作，后者是结果，所选C，那么同学查查看“看”的动作和结果分别是什么？“找”的动作和结果？例五Theoldmanaskedhissonto____thenewwordhimselfinadictionary.A.lookforB.lookupC.lookatD.lookinto本题考查的是几个look的经典短语，lookfor,寻找，lookup查询（查字典），lookat看Lookinto是调查例六Althoughhergrandmother____foraboutfiveyears,shestillmissesherverymuch.A.hasdiedB.deadC.diedC.hasbeendead这里与其说考得是“死”这个单词，不如说是考得完成时的用法，die是一个瞬间动词，不能与完成时连用的，所以本题虽然有foraboutfiveyears这么一个完成时的标志，不过还是不能用完成时，所以本题选C例七Becareful,Jane.Don’t______yourhandsdirty.A.getB.keepC.haveD.let答案是C，这类动词常见的有：have,let,make,get,keep,drive,send,leave,cause等，它们后边分别可跟不定式、分词、形容词、介词短语、名词等作宾语补足语。如：Ifeltsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingformesolong.对不起，让你久等了。Thevictorysentourspiritsrising.胜利使得我们情绪高涨。例八①Sheaskedhim______herupatsixo’clockinthemorning.A.wakeB.towakeC.wakingD.woken②Lileiisoftenmade______alotofhomeworkathome.A.doB.doesC.todoD.washing[分析]①选B。ask后跟带to的不定式作宾补。②选C。make之后要求跟省略to的不定式作宾补。注意：变成被动语态时不定式符号to要补上。[归纳]常见的带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask,tell,want,wouldlike,wish,like,teach等；省略to的不定式作宾补的动词有：see,watch,hear,observe,feel,notice,listento,lookat等感官动词及表示使役概念的have,let,make等。这类动词在变为被动语态时，其后的不定式符号to需补上。例九Theydecided_______attheendofthismonth.A.toleaveB.goingbackC.travelD.notstartout[分析]选A。decide后跟带to的不定式作宾语。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料[归纳]此类动词教材中常见有：want,wish,hope,manage,promise,refuse,pretend,plan,offer,decide,agree,expect等。又如：Herefusedtotakeanymoney.他拒绝收取分文。例十Wouldyoumind______afewminutes?A.waitB.towaitC.waitedD.waiting[分析]选D。mind后只能跟动名词，不跟不定式。[归纳]此类动词教材中常见的有：appreciate,suggest,complete,finish,enjoy,imagine,mind,miss,practice,keep,excuse,avoid,pardon,allow等。如：Iappreciateherdevotingherselftothecauseofeducation.我非常钦佩她献身教育的精神。Doyoumindmyaskingaquestion?我问你一个问题你不会介意吧？形式主动，意义被动的词常见的有：work,open,close,write,cut,look,teach,operate,run,keep,burn,last等，此类词的主语常为物，而且还常与表示表示特征、状况、行为、方式的副词well,easily,long等连用。如：Theclothingsellswell.Thiskindoffruitcankeeplong.例十一Remember______yourhomeworkheretomorrow.A.tobringB.totakeC.bringingD.taking[分析]选A。remember后既可跟不定式，又可跟动名词。跟不定式表示：“记住要干某事”，跟动名词表示“记得干过某事”。[归纳]有些动词后既可跟不定式又可跟动名词，意义上无多大区别，常用的有：love,like,hate,prefer,intend,start,continue等。如：Iintendtofinish/finishingthetaskthismorning.有些动词后既可跟不定式，又可跟动名词，但意义上有区别,常用的有forget,remember,mean,regret,stop,try等。如：Iforgottoclosethewindow.我忘记了要关窗户。Iforgottoclosingthewindow.我忘记了已关了窗户。例十二“Wemustkeep_______inthelibrary,”thewomansaidtome_______.A.quiet;quietlyB.quietly;quietlyC.quietly:quietD.quiet;quiet[分析]选A。keep是系动词，后跟形容词作表语，修饰动词said应用副词。[归纳]这类动词不能单独构成动词词组，其后须带有表语（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、V-ing、V-ed）构成表语结构。教材中常见的有：feel,sound,taste,look,smell,seem,appear,become,turn,grow,make,go,run,keep,stay等。如：Itsoundedlikeatrainthatwasgoingundermyhome.听起来像有火车在我房子下面飞驰而过。Keepfit,studyhardandworkwell.身体好，学习好，工作好。例十三Whentheywalkedalongtheriver,theysuddenlyheardsomebody_______forhelp.A.calledB.tocallC.callingD.callsotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料[分析]选C。“have+宾语+过去分词（宾补）”表示“叫某人干某事”。[归纳]此类动词教材中有：get,keep,have,leave,find,see,notice,hear等。如：Thecheatshadthelightsburningallnightlong.YeaterdayXiaoMinghadhishaircut,Ihardlyrecognizedhim.例十四Ifyoudon’tknowaword,youmust______thewordinadictionary.A.lookupB.lookdownC.lookdownD.lookout[分析]选A。lookup在（字/词典里）查找；lookdown向下看；lookover仔细检查；lookout向外看。[归纳]教材中此类动词数量较大。如：actas充当；believein相信；dealwith处理；leadto导致；referto提到；sendfor派人前往；dieout灭绝；setoff出发；warmup暖和起来；makefunof取笑；makefriendswith与……交朋友；getalongwith与……相处；lookforwardto期望；doawaywith废除等。又如：Wemustlookintothematterimmediately.我们必须马上调查此事。Theoldshouldlearnfromtheyoungandkeepupwiththetimes.老年人应向青年人学习，跟上时代发展的步伐。例十五Listen!Someofthegirls________aboutHarryPotter.Let’sjointhem.A.aretalkingB.talkC.willtalkD.talked这个题考查的是英语动词的时态问题，一个listen道出了本题的突破口，“听”是一个瞬间动词，表示接下的动作是“听”的那一瞬间正在发生的，所以本题选进行时，A例十六Ourteacher,MissLi,________Englishontheradiothedayboreyesterday.A.teachesB.taughtC.willteachD.hadtaughtThedaybeforeyesterday是本题的突破口，表示的是“前天”，是过去，所以用过去式，这就提醒我们，初中的时态考察题都是有很明显的时态选择标志的例十七Coffeeisready.Howniceit________!Wouldyoulikesome?A.smellB.smellsC.feelD.feels首先要辨别出smell和feel的区别，咖啡只能闻，不能感觉，所以先排除C，D，接下来就是考察一般现在时，it是第三人称单数形式，需要使用“三单现”形式，所以这里选择B例十八MrLi________usEnglishnexttermA,willteachB,wouldteachC,shouldteachD,taughtnextterm是下学期，表示未来，选A例十九AtalkonChinesehistory________intheschoolnextweek.A.begivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.willgive首先这里的“nextweek”道出了本题时态为将来时，所以A，B排除，由于此处主语是一个汉语报告会，它自己不能发出演讲这个动作，所以选择被动，CotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料课后练习1.----HowlongmayI____thedictionary?----Fortwoweeks.A.borrowB.lendC.buyD.keep2.----Doyouthinkourbasketballteamwillwinthematch?----Theyhavebetterplayers,butIstill____ourteamtowin.A.hopeB.askC.helpD.expect3.MrsZhaodoesn’tknowwhattimeitisbecauseshehas____herwatchinthehotel.A.stayedB.forgotC.leftD.took4.Shelikestravelingbyairbutit____toomuch.A.paysB.costsC.takesD.spends5.Idon’tlikethisskirt.Please____meanother.A.showB.tryC.putD.look6.It____meabouttwodaystofinishreadingthenovel.A.usedB.tookC.paidD.spent7.Doyouknowtheboy____underthegigtree?A.layB.lainC.layingD.lying8.Mymotherusedto____metwostoriesatleastbeforeIwenttobed.A.sayB.speakC.tellD.stalk9.----MayIspeaktoAlan,please?----I’mafraidheisn’tin.Wouldyouliketo____amessage?A.takeB.tellC.writeD.leave10.Wehadtwentymilestowalkto____thenearestrailwaystation.A.getB.arriveC.reachD.return11.I’mhungry.I’dlikesomethingto____.A.seeB.readC.eatD.drink12.We____carefullybutwecould____nothing.A.heard;listenB.heard;listentoC.listened;hearD.listenedto;hear13.Canshe____thedifferencebetweenthetwowords?A.speakB.sayC.talkD.tell14.There’sgoingto____anEnglishSpeechCompetitioninourschoolnextFriday.A.haveB.beC.openD.hold15.----DoyoulikethesongssungbyBackstreetBoys?----Yes.They____reallybeautiful.A.feelB.soundC.listenD.hear16.Mycomputerdoesn’t____.Canyou____forme?A.use;saveitB.move;fixitC.walk;repairitD.work;fixitup17.AllofushelpedherwithherEnglish,soshedidn’t____.A.falloffB.falldownC.fallbehindD.fallover18.____myfather’shelp,Ilearnedtoridethebicycle.A.ThanktoB.ThankforC.ThankD.Thanksto19.Theoldmanaskedhissonto____thenewwordhimselfinadictionary.A.lookforB.lookupC.lookatD.lookintootherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料20.Jonnycamehereto____thateverythingwasallright.A.thinkoverB.lookoverC.tryoutD.makesure21.Itisquitewarmintheroom.Whydon’tyou____yourcoat?A.takeawayB.takeoutC.takeoffD.takedown22.Therearesomeapplesunderthetree.Please____.A.putthemupB.putupthemC.pickupthemD.pickthemup23.Ithinkteachersarethemosthardworkingpeople.Doyou____me?A.goonwithB.catchupwithC.agreewithD.laughat24.Becareful!Don’t____yourmother’sglassestotheground.A.dropB.fallC.makeD.throw25.Hecould____neitherChinesenorJapanese,soI____withhiminEnglish.A.say;spokeB.talk;toldC.speak;talkedD.tell;talked26.Hurryup,oryouwill____theship.A.catchB.takeC.loseD.miss27.Please____beforeyoucrosstheroad.A.lookupB.lookyourselfC.lookaroundD.lookagain28.Finally,theplane____safelyattheairportinChicago.A.tookB.stoppedC.landedD.reached29.Althoughhergrandmother____foraboutfiveyears,shestillmissesherverymuch.A.hasdiedB.deadC.diedC.hasbeendead30.----I’mafraidhisradioistoonoisy.Willyouplease____himto____?----Sure.A.make;turnitoffB.allow;turnitonC.ask;turnitdownD.keep;turnitup31.----CanI____yourmotorbike?----Yes,ofcourse.Butyoumustn’t___ittoothers.A.have;borrowB.borrow;lendC.carry;lendD.use;keep32.Lucy,couldyoupleasehelpme____themaponthewall?Weneeditnow.A.putawayB.putonC.putoffD.putup33.He____hardandfinally____thelanguagewell.A.studied;learnedB.learned;studiedC.learns;learnedD.studies;studied34.----Thiscarwas____Tokyo.----Oh,howcoolitlooks!A.madebyB.madeofC.madeintoD.madein35.Theheadteacheraskedthestudentstostop___and____toher.A.totalk;listenedB.talking;listenC.talking;listeningD.totalk;listen36.Thelittleboy____thewallandhurthisleg.A.fellofB.fallfromC.felloffD.falldown37.Thetrainleavesat10:20,andit’steno’clocknow.Ithinkweshall____it.A.takeB.makeC.haveD.meet38.Mysister____inAmerica.I’ll____withherforafewdaysthissummer.A.lives;stayB.stay;liveC.stay;stayD.lives;live39.Ioften____myfriendsbutseldomwritebacktothembecauseI’mtoobusy.A.hearofB.hearaboutC.hearfromD.hear40.MrBlackhasvisitedtheSummerPalace.Iamgoingto____himsomewhereelsethisafternoon.A.takeB.bringC.pushD.carryotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料41.----Willyouplease____thearticletomethisevening?----Whatabouttomorrow?Mycomputerdoesn’tworktoday.A.haveB.answerC.takeD.e-mail42.Ididn’tgototheparkyesterdaybecausemymotheraskedmeto____thesickdogathome.A.lookatB.lookthroughC.lookafterD.looklike43.Thedoctoradvisedmyfatherto____smoking.A.openupB.putupC.giveupD.makeup44.I____boiledwater____beverage.A.like;thanB.prefer;toC.prefer;thanD.like;to45.Ifwecan____thefootballteamfromClass1,wewill____thefirstplace.A.beat;beatB.win;beatC.beat;winD.win;win46.I____himtogettothehospitalassoonaspossible.A.wishB.hopeC.thinkD.let47.Hetriedto____thewordsontheblackboard,buthecouldn’t____themclearly.A.havealook;seeB.see;lookC.lookat;seeD.see;lookat48.Thegirlwas____herpetdogwhilehermotherwas____theviolin.A.playing;playingB.playing;playingwithC.playingwith;playingD.playingwith;playingwith49.Thelittlegirl____anewpairofpantstoday.A.dressesB.putsonC.isdressedD.iswearing50.Linda____attenlastnightandsoon____becauseshewastootired.A.fellasleep;wenttobedB.slept;wenttobedC.wenttobed;fellasleepD.fellasleep;slept51.Thispoem____hisnewbook.A.comesacrossB.comesfromC.comesbyD.comesoverto52.MissBrownisn’thereshe____London.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.wasin53.Theearthisourhome.Wemust____theland,airandwaterclean.A.changeB.shareC.noticeD.keep54.Youshould____yourvoice.A.keepoutB.keepdownC.keepfitD.keepsilence第七章情态动词I.情态动词基本用法：情态动词用法否定式疑问式与简答can能力（体力，智力，技能）允许或许可（口语中常用）可能性（表猜测，用于否定句或疑问句中）cannot/cannot/can’tdoCan…do…?Yes,…can.No,…can’t.couldcouldn’tdootherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料may可以（问句中表示请求）可能，或许（表推测）祝愿（用于倒装句中）maynotdoMay…do…?Yes,…may.No,…mustn’t/can’t.mightmightnotdoMight…do…?Yes,…mightNo,…mightnot.must必须，应该（表主观要求）肯定，想必（肯定句中表推测）mustnot/mustn’tdoMust…do…?Yes,…must.No,…needn’t/don’thaveto.haveto只好，不得不（客观的必须，有时态人称变化）don’thavetodoDo…havetodo…?Yes,…do.No,…don’t.oughtto应当（表示义务责任，口语中多用shouldoughtnotto/oughtn’ttodoOught…todo…?Yes,…ought.No,…oughtn’t.shall将要，会用于一三人称征求对方意见用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等shallnot/shan’tdoShall…do…?Yes,…shall.No,…shan’t.should应当，应该（表义务责任）本该（含有责备意味）shouldnot/shouldn’tdoShould…do…?will意愿，决心请求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉willnot/won’tdoWill…do…?Yes,…will.No,…won’t.wouldwouldnot/wouldn’tdodare敢（常用于否定句和疑问句中）darenot/daren’tdoDare…do…?Yes,…dare.No,…daren’t.need需要必须（常用于否定句和疑问句中）neednot/needn’tdoNeed…do…?Yes,…must.No,…needn’t.usedto过去常常（现在已不再）usednot/usedn’t/usen’ttododidn’tusetodoUsed…todo…?Yes,…used.No,…use(d)n’t.Did…usetodo…?Yes,…did.No,…didn’t.II.情态动词must,may,might,could,can表示推测：以must为例。must+do(be)是推测现在存在的一般状态进行；must+bedoing推测可能正在进行的事情；must+havedone是推测可能已经发生过的事情。1.must“肯定，一定”语气强，只用于肯定句中。HemustbeamanfromAmerica./Hemustbetalkingwithhisfriend./Hemusthavealreadyarrivedthere.2.may和might“也许”，后者语气弱，更没有把握。可用于肯定句和否定句。Hemaynotbeathome./Theymighthavefinishedtheirtask.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料3.can和could“可能”，could表示可疑的可能性，不及can’t语气强，用于肯定、否定、疑问句中。Theweatherinthatcitycouldbecoldnow.Wecouldhavewalkedthere;itwassonear.（推测某事本来可能发生，但实际上没有发生）Canhebeintheofficenow?No,hecan’tbethere,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.(语气很强，常用于疑问句和否定句中)III.情态动词注意点：1.can和beableto:都可以表示能力。但beableto可以表达“某事终于成功”，而can无法表达此意。Beableto有更多的时态。另外，两者不能重叠使用。2.usedto和would:usedto表示过去常常做现在已经不再有的习惯，而would只表示过去的习惯或喜好，不涉及现在。3.need和dare作情态动词和实义动词的区别：两者作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句。其形式为：needn’t/daren’tdo；Need/dare…do…?做实义动词时可用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句。其形式为：need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared)todo,don’t(doesn’t/didn’t)need/daretodo情态动词记忆口诀:情态动词两要点;动词原形跟后面,can表"能力"may"许可",must"责任"或"义务",否定回答"needn"t"换;should"应该",would"愿",haveto"被迫"表客观.四川广元学生注意了：广元中考经常考查must,can,could,maybe这几个词Must主要考他引起的句子否定回答用needn’tCan主要考查的就是他后面动词用原形Could考查的是比can更委婉need是考查need做情态动词和实义动词的确别，otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料donotneed中need是实义动词，后接todo或doing均可。needn"t中need是情态动词，后接do情态动词练习题()1.MrWang______beinNanjingnow,hewenttoBeijingonlythismorning.A.mustn’tB.maynotC.can’tD.needn’t()2.–MustIsatyathome,Mum?--No,you______.A.needn’tB.mustn’tC.don’tD.maynot()3.–Canyougoswimmingwithusthisafternoon?--Sorry,Ican’t.I_____takecareofmylittlesisterathomebecausemymotherisill.A.canB.mayC.wouldD.haveto()4.–MayIgotothecinema,Mum?--Certainly.Butyou______bebackby11o’clock.A.canB.mayC.mustD.need()5.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish______intotheriver.A.needn’tbethrownB.mustn’tbethrownC.can’tthrowD.maynotthrow()6.–MayIgoouttoplaybasketball,Dad?--No,you______.Youmustfinishyourhomeworkfirst.A.mustn’tB.maynotC.couldn’tD.needn’t()7.–WhereisJack,please?--He_____beinthereadingroom.A.canB.needC.wouldD.must()8.–Whoisthemanoverthere?IsitMrLi?--No,it______behim.MrLiismuchtaller.A.musn’tB.maynotC.can’tD.needn’t()9.Thesebooks______outofthereadingroom.Youhavetoreadthemhere.A.can’ttakeB.mustbetakenC.cantakeD.mustn’tbetaken()10.–Mum,mayIwatchTVnow?--Sure,butyou______helpmewithmyhouseworkfirst.A.canB.mayC.mustD.could()11.TheboysaidhehadtospeakEnglishinclass,buthe______speakitaftercalss.A.couldB.didn’thavetoC.mightD.shouldn’t()12.–Mustwehandinthepapersnow?--No,you______.A.can’tB.maynotC.mustn’tD.needn’totherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料()13.John______gotherewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureaboutit.A.mustB.canC.willD.may()14.Eventhetopstudentsinourclasscan’tworkoutthisproblem.Soit______beverydifficult.A.canB.mayC.mustD.need()15.Putonmoreclothes.You______befeelingcoldwithonlyashirton.A.canB.couldC.wouldD.must()16.It’sstillearly.You______.A.mustn’thurryB.wouldn’thurryC.maynothurryD.don’thavetohurry()17.–MayIstophere?--No,you______.A.mustn’tB.mightnotC.needn’tD.won’t()18.Acomputer______thinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo.A.can’tB.couldn’tC.maynotD.mightnot()19.–CouldIborrowyourdictionary?--Yes,ofcourseyou_______.A.mightB.willC.canD.should()20.Peter______comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.A.mustB.mayC.canD.will()21.Michael______beapoliceman,forhe’smuchtooshort.A.needn’tB.can’tC.shouldD.may()22.______Iknowyourname?A.MayB.WillC.ShallD.Must()23.You______bemorecarefulnexttime.A.havetoB.mayC.mustD.might()24.You______missthelesson,thoughwe______haveitonThursday.A.mustn’t;needn’tB.needn’t;mustn’tC.mustn’t;mustn’tD.needn’t;needn’t()25.Thispenlookslikemine,yetitisn’t.whose______itbe?A.mustB.mayC.wouldD.can()26.Whatkindsofhomeswillweliveinthefuture?Nobody______besure,butscientistsareworkingoutnewideasnow.A.willB.mayC.canD.must()27.I______liketoknowwhereyouwereborn.A.shallB.shouldC.doD.may()28.______youbehappy!A.MightB.MustC.WishD.May()29.Ateacher______doeveryexercise,butastudentmust.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料A.maynotB.needn’tC.can’tD.mustn’t()30.Thematter______bechangedintoagas,butit_______beheatedtoitsboilingpoint.A.may;needn’tB.may;canC.mustn’t;needn’tD.can;must()31.Teachersandstudents______lookcoldlyatyouforadayortwo,buttherearefriendlyfeelingsintheirhearts.A.mustB.canC.mayD.should()32.Carsandbuses______stopwhenthetrafficlightsturnred.A.canB.needC.mayD.must()33.–Doyouthinkhisstory______true?--Idon’thinkso.Butitsoundsgood.A.mustbeB.maybeC.canbeD.hastobe()34.Lookout!Theknifeisverysharp.You______cutyourfinger.A.needB.mustC.shouldD.may()35.–Howlong______thebookbekept?--Fortwoweeks,butyou______returnitontime.A.can;mayB.may;needC.can;mustD.must;need()36.–MayIhaveanapple,Mum?--Certainly.Butyou______washyourhandsfirst?A.mayB.mustC.canD.need()37.–Thereisalotofsmokecomingoutoftheteachingbuildingthere.--Really?It______beafire,mostprobably.A.canB.oughttoC.mayD.must()38.–ShallItellJohnaboutthebadnews?--No,you______.Ithinkthatwillmakehimsad.A.needn’tB.wouldn’tC.shouldn’tD.mustn’t()39.–CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?--Yes,you______.A.willB.couldC.mayD.might()40.–Let’sgotothecinema,shallwe?--_______.A.No,Ican’tB.Yes,IwillC.Yes,thankyouD.No,we’dbetternot()41.--______themantherebeournewteacher?--He______be,butI’mnotsure.A.May;mustn’tB.Can;mayC.Must;can’tD.Can;can’t()42.–Sometimeisknockingatthedoor.Who______itbe?--It______beTom.Heisstillintheschool.A.can;can’tB.can;mustn’tC.might;couldD.might;mayotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料第八章非谓语动词（讲法一）I.非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成：非谓语形式构成特征和作用时态和语态否定式复合结构不定式todotobedoingtohavedonetobedonetohavebeendone在非谓语前加notforsb.todosth.具有名词，副词和形容词的作用在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语分词现在分词doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone具有副词和形容词的作用在句中做定、表、宾补和状语过去分词done动名词doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendonesb’sdoing具有名词的作用在句中做主、宾、定和表语II.做宾语的非谓语动词比较：情况常用动词只接不定式做宾语的动词hope,want,,wish,offer,long,fail,expect,ask,decide,pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happen此处有口诀了：想要学习，早打算，同意否，问问看，决定了，尽力干，干不了别装蒜只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语consider,suggest,propose,lookforwardto,excuse,forgive,admit,delay,putoff,avoid,miss,practise,resist,keep,finish,appreciate,forbid,imagine,risk,enjoy,mind,escape,prevent,dislike，bebusy口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，推辞承认没思想，避免错过继续练，坚持完成就欣赏，禁止想象是冒险，不准介意准逃亡,阻止讨厌两头忙can’thelp,feellike,succeedin,befondof,objectto,getdownto,beengagedin,insiston,thinkof,beproudof,takepridein,setabout,beafraidof,betiredof,lookforwardto,devoteoneselfto,beworth,bebusy,payattentionto,stickto两者都可以意义基本相同begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为）need,want,require（接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式）意义相反stoptodo停止手中事，去做另一件事otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料stopdoing停止正在做的事意义不同remember/forget/regrettodo（指动作尚未发生）remember/forget/regretdoing（指动作已经发生）goontodo（接着做另外一件事）goondoing（接着做同一件事）trytodo（设法，努力去做，尽力）trydoing（试试去做，看有何结果）meantodo（打算做，企图做）meandoing（意识是，意味着）can’thelptodo（不能帮忙做）can’thelpdoing（忍不住要做）III.非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别：常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句不定式ask,beg,expect,get,order,tell,want,wish,encourage主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完成Iheardhimcallmeseveraltimes.have,notice,see,watch,hear,feel,let,make现在分词notice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,have,feel主谓关系。强调动作正在进行，尚未完成Ifoundherlisteningtotheradio.过去分词动宾关系。动作已经完成，多强调状态Wefoundthevillagegreatlychanged.IV.非谓语动词做定语的区别：区别举例不定式与被修饰词往往有动宾关系，一般式表示将来，进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生，完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生Ihavealotofpaperstotype.Ihavealotofpaperstobetyped.动名词通常指被修饰词的用途，无逻辑上的任何关系Shallwegototheswimmingpool?现在分词与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，表示动作与谓语动作同时发生theboilingwater/theboiledwaterthedevelopingcountry/thedevelopedcountrythefallingleaves/thefallenleaves过去分词与被修饰词之间是被动关系，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，现已经完成V.非谓语动词做主语和表语的区别：区别举例不定式多表示一个特定的具体的将来的动作，做主语时可以借助于it把不定式移到句子后面。做表语有时可和主语交换位置，而且意义不变，并且还能用what来提问主语或表语。Mydreamistobecomeateacher.Toobeythelawisimportant.(dream,business,wish,idea,plan,duty,task做主语时常用)ItisnousesayingthatagainandotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料动名词与不定式的功能区别不大，然而它更接近于名词，表示的动作比较抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作，有时也可以用it做形式主语，做表语时可以和主语互换位置。again.Teachingismyjob.分词无名词的性质，不能做主语。但是有形容词的性质，可以做表语，多表明主语的特征性质或者状态等，可被very,quite,rather等副词修饰。现在分词多含有“令人…”之意，说明主语的性质特征，多表示主动，主语多为物。过去分词一般表示被动或主语所处的状态，含有“感到…”之意，主语多是人。Thesituationisencouraging.Thebookiswellwritten.(常见分词有astonishing,moving,tiring,disappointing,puzzling,shocking,boring,amusing及其-ed形式)八，非谓语动词（讲法二）一、非谓语动词种类及句法功能（一）概述：在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式（theInfinitive）；动名词（theGerund）；现在分词（thePresentParticiple）；过去分词（thePastParticiple）。1、非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如：Theybuiltagarden.Theysuggestedbuildingagarden.2）都可以被状语修饰：Thesuitfitshimverywell.Thesuitusedtofithimverywell.3）都有主动与被动,“体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。例如：Hewaspunishedbyhisparents.（谓语动词被动语态）Heavoidedbeingpunishedbyhisparents.（动名词的被动式）Wehavewrittenthecomposition.（谓语动词的完成时）Havingwrittenthecomposition,wehandeditin.（现在分词的完成式）4）都可以有逻辑主语Theystartedtheworkatonce.（谓语动词的逻辑主语）Thebossorderedthemtostartthework.（动词不定式的逻辑主语）WeareLeaguemembers.（谓语动词的主语）WebeingLeaguemember,theworkwaswelldone.（现在分词的逻辑主语）2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。（二）非谓语动词的句法功能：otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料二、非谓语动词用法：（一）动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。1、不定式的形式：注意：否定式：not+(to)do1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，例如：I’mgladtomeetyou.Heseemstoknowalot.Weplantopayavisit.Hewantstobeanartist.Thepatientaskedtobeoperatedonatonce.Theteacherorderedtheworktobedone.2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如：Theboypretendedtobeworkinghard.Heseemstobereadinginhisroom.3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：Iregrettedtohavetoldalie.Ihappenedtohaveseenthefilm.Heispleasedtohavemethisfriend.2、不定式的句法功能：1）作主语：Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.动词不定式短语作主语时，常用形式主语it作形式主语，例如上面两句可用如下形式：Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.Itmeansfailuretoloseyourheart.2）作表语：Herjobistocleanthehall.Heappearstohavecaughtacold.3）作宾语：常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：Ihavenochoicebuttostayhere.HedidnothinglastSundaybutrepairhisbike.动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：HegaveussomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglish.4）作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,callon,waitfor,invite.此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：Withalotofworktodo,hedidn’tgotothecinema.有些动词如make,let,see,watch,hear,feel,have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to,如：Isawhimcrosstheroad.Hewasseentocrosstheroad.5）作定语：动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：A）动宾关系：Ihaveameetingtoattend.注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如：Hefoundagoodhousetolivein.Thechildhasnothingtoworryabout.Whatdidyouopenitwith?如果不定式修饰time,place,way，可以省略介词：Hehasnoplacetolive.Thisisthebestwaytoworkoutthisproblem.如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式：Haveyougotanythingtosent?Haveyougotanythingtobesent?B）说明所修饰名词的内容：Wehavemadeaplantofinishthework.C）被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：Heisthefirsttogethere.6）作状语：A）表目的：Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.Shesoldherhairtobuythewatchchain.注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：wrong：Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentried.right:Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料wrong：TolearnEnglishwell,adictionaryisneeded.right:TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsadictionary.B）表结果：Hearrivedlatetofindthetraingone.常用only放在不定式前表示强调：Ivisitedhimonlytofindhimout.C）表原因：Theywereverysadtohearthenews.D）表程度：It’stoodarkforustoseeanything.Thequestionissimpleforhimtoanswer.7）作独立成分：Totellyouthetruth,Idon’tlikethewayhetalked.8）不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词。Ifyoudon’twanttodoit,youdon’tneedto.9）不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。Hewishedtostudymedicineandbecomeadoctor.（二）动名词：动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。1、动名词的形式：否定式：not+动名词1）一般式：Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。2）被动式：Hecametothepartywithoutbeinginvited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。3）完成式：Werememberedhavingseenthefilm.我们记得看过这部电影。4）完成被动式：HeforgothavingbeentakentoGuangzhouwhenhewasfiveyearsold.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。5）否定式：not+动名词Iregretnotfollowinghisadvice.我后悔没听他的劝告。6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+动名词Hesuggestedourtryingitonceagain.他建议我们再试一次。HisnotknowingEnglishtroubledhimalot.他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。2、动名词的句法功能：1）作主语：Readingaloudisveryhelpful.朗读是很有好处的。Collectingstampsisinteresting.集邮很有趣。当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料It’snousequarrelling.争吵是没用的。2）作表语：Intheantcity,thequeen’sjobislayingeggs.在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。3）作宾语：Theyhaven’tfinishedbuildingthedam.他们还没有建好大坝。Wehavetopreventtheairfrombeingpolluted.我们必须阻止空气被污染。注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如：Wefounditnogoodmakingfunofothers.我们发现取笑他人不好。要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid（避免）,excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit（承认），deny（否认）,mind,permit,forbid,practise,risk（冒险）,appreciate（感激）,bebusy,beworth,feellike,can’tstand,can’thelp,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…(from),keep…from,stop…（from）,protect…from,setabout,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,insiston,feellike4）作定语：Hecan’twalkwithoutawalking-stick.他没有拐杖不能走路。Isthereaswimmingpoolinyourschool.你们学校有游泳池吗？5）作同位语：Thecave,hishiding-placeissecret.那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。Hishabit,listeningtothenewsontheradioremainsunchanged.他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。（三）现在分词：现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。1、现在分词的形式：否定式：not+现在分词1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：Theywenttothepark,singingandtalking.他们边唱边说向公园走去。Havingdonehishomework,heplayedbasket-ball.做完作业，他开始打兰球。2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant.正在被讨论的问题很重要。Havingbeentoldmanytimes,thenaughtyboymadethesamemistake.被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。2、现在分词的句法功能：1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前，如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。Inthefollowingyearsheworkedevenharder.在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料Themanspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitor’sfather.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：inthefollowingyears也可用intheyearsthatfollowed,themanspeaking可改为themanwhoisspeaking.2）现在分词作表语：Thefilmbeingshowninthecinemaisexciting.正在这家上演的电影很棒。Thepresentsituationisinspiring.当前的形势鼓舞人心。be+doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be+doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。3）作宾语补足语：如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,observe,listento,lookat,leave,catch等。例如：Canyouhearhersingingthesonginthenextroom?你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？Hekeptthecarwaitingatthegate.他让小汽车在门口等着。4）现在分词作状语：A）作时间状语：(While)Workinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。B）作原因状语：BeingaLeaguemember,heisalwayshelpingothers.由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。C）作方式状语，表示伴随：Hestayedathome,cleaningandwashing.他呆在家里，又擦又洗。D）作条件状语：(If)Playingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。E）作结果状语：Hedroppedtheglass,breakingitintopieces.他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。F）作目的状语：Hewentswimmingtheotherday.几天前他去游泳了。G）作让步状语：Thoughrainingheavily,itclearedupverysoon.虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。H）与逻辑主语构成独立主格：Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyhead.我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。Timepermitting,we’lldoanothertwoexercises.如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。有时也可用with(without)+名词（代词宾格）+分词形式Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.他点着灯睡着了。H）作独立成分：Judgingfrom(by)hisappearance,hemustbeanactor.从外表看，他一定是个演员。Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecareful.一般说来，女孩子更细心。（四）过去分词：otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。过去分词的句法功能：1、过去分词作定语：OurclasswentonanorganizedtriplastMonday.上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。Thoseelectedascommitteememberswillattendthemeeting.当选为委员的人将出席这次会。注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。2、过去分词作表语：Thewindowisbroken.窗户破了。Thewerefrightenedatthesadsight.他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。注意be+过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别：Thewindowisbroken.（系表）Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboy.（被动）有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：boiledwater（开水）fallenleaves（落叶）newlyarrivedgoods（新到的货）therisensun（升起的太阳）thechangedworld（变了的世界）这类过去分词有：gone,come,fallen,risen,changed,arrived,returned,passed等。3、过去分词作宾语补足语：Iheardthesongsungseveraltimeslastweek.上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：Withtheworkdone,theywentouttoplay.工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。4、过去分词作状语：Praisedbytheneighbours,hebecametheprideofhisparents.受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因）Onceseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间）Givenmoretime,I’llbeabletodoitbetter.如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。（表示条件）Thoughtoldofthedanger,hestillriskedhislifetosavetheboy.虽然被告之危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。（表示让步）Filledwithhopesandfears,heenteredthecave.心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。5、过去分词与逻辑主语构成独立主格：Allbooksreturnedattheendoftheterm,thelibraryassistantwassatisfied.所有的书期末时都还了，图书管理员很高兴。Thefieldploughed,hebegantospreadseed.地耕好了，他开始撒种子。非谓语动词用法对比知识要点：一、不定式与动名词做主语：1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。例如：Collectinginformationaboutchildren’shealthishisjob.收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料It’snecessarytodiscusstheproblemwithanexperiencedteacher.与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。2、常用不定式做主语的句型有：（1）It’sdifficult(important,necessary)forsb.todo（2）It’skind(good,friendly,polite,careless,rude,cruel,clever,foolish,brave)ofsb.todo.3、常用动名词做主语的句型有：It’snogood(use,fun)doing.It’s(a)wasteoftimeone’sdoing.It’sworthwhiledoing.二、不定式、动名词、分词做表语：1、不定式做表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作。Histeachingaimofthisclassistotrainthestudents’speakingability.他这节课的教学目的是要训练学生说的能力。2、动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释，这时主语与表语位置可以互换，动名词常用于口语中。Itsfull-timejobislayingeggs.它的（指蚁后）的专职工作是产卵。3、现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征；进行时表示正在进行的动作。Thetaskofthisclassispractisingtheidioms.（现在分词做表语）Withthehelpoftheteacher,thestudentsarepractisingtheidioms.（现在进行时）4、常用作表语的现在分词有：interesting,amusing,disappointing,missing,puzzling,exciting,inspiring,following等。现在分词表示进行与主动。Thejokeisamusing.这笑话很逗人。Theproblemispuzzling.这个问题令人不解。5、过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。而被动语态表示主语所承受的动作。Thevillageissurroundedbyhighmountains.（过去分词做表语）TheenemywassurroundedbytheRedArmy.（被动语态）Heiswelleducated.（过去分词做表语）Hehasbeeneducatedinthiscollegeforthreeyears.（被动语态）常用在句中做表语的过去分词有：used,closed,covered,interested,followed,satisfied,surrounded,done,lost,decided,prepared,saved,shut,won,completed,crowded,dressed,wasted,broken,married,unexpected等。6、注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同：interest（使…感兴趣），surprise（使…吃惊），frighten（使…害怕），excite（使…兴奋），tire（使…疲劳），please（使…满意），puzzle（使…迷惑不解），satisfy（使…满意），amuse（使…娱乐），disappoint（使…失望），inspire（使…欢欣鼓舞），worry（使…忧虑）它们的现在分词常修饰物（有时修饰人），表示主动，过去分词常修饰人，表示被动（包括某人的look、voice等）。例如：Climbingistiring.爬山很累人。Theyareverytired.他们很疲劳Afterhearingtheexcitingnews,hegaveaspeechinanexcitedvoice.三、不定式与动名词做宾语：otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料1、下列动词跟不定式做宾语：want,wish,hope,expect,ask,pretend,care,decide,happen,long,offer,refuse,fail,plan,prepare,order,cause,afford,beg,manage,agree,promise等。2、在下列动词或动词短语后用动名词做宾语：enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid,excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,appreciate,bebusy,beworth,feellike,can’tstand,can’thelp,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent…(from),keep…from,stop…(from),protect…from,setabout,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,insiston等。3、在forget,remember,stop,regret,try,mean等动词后跟不定式与动名词意义不同，不定式表示谓语动词之后的动作，而动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，常用一般式doing代替完成式havingdone.Heforgottotellmetoposttheletter.（他忘了叫我发信。）Ishallneverforgetfindingthatrarestamponanordinaryenvelope.我永远也忘不了在一个普通信封上发现了那枚珍贵的邮票。Remembertowritetouswhenyougetthere.到那里，记得给我们写信。Idon’tremembermeetinghim.我不记得见过他。IregrettotellyouthatIcan’tgotoyourbirth-dayparty.我很遗憾告诉你我不能去参加你的生日晚会了。Theyregrettedagreeingtotheplan.他们后悔同意这个计划。Hetriedtopretendtoshareinthepleasurewithhisfriend.他尽力假装与朋友分享欢乐。Shetriedreadinganovel,butthatcouldn’tmakeherforgethersorrow.她试着看看小说，但也不能使她忘记伤心事。Ididn’tmeantohurtyou.我没有企图伤害你。Afriendindeedmeanshelpingothersfornothinginreturn.真正的朋友意指不图回报地帮助别人。4、动名词作need,want,require,beworth的宾语时，用主动式代替被动式。Thewashing-machineneedsrepairing.（或用：needstoberepaired）这台洗衣机需要修理。Thepointwantsreferringto.这一点要提到。ThisEnglishnovelisworthreading.这本英文小说值得一读。ThesituationinRussianrequiredstudying.俄国形式需要研究。四、不定式与分词在句中做宾语补足语：1、以下动词后跟不定式做宾语补足语：ask,tell,beg,allow,want,like,hate,force,invite,persuade,advise,order,cause,encourage,waitfor,callon,permit,forbidThedoctoradvisedhimtostayinbedforanotherfewdays.医生嘱咐他再卧床休息几天。Wewishhimtoremainandacceptthepost.我们希望他留下来接受这个职位。（注意hope后不跟不定式做宾补。）2、有些动词后的复合宾语用不带“to“的不定式，这些动词有：see,watch,notice,hear,feel,make,let,have等。例如：Wenoticedhimenterthehouse.我们留意到他进了那所房子。Thebossmadethemworktwelvehoursaday.老板让他们一天干12小时工作。注意当make、have不做“迫使、让”讲，而做“制造、有”解时，跟带有to的不定式做状语。Mothermadeacaketocelebratehisbirthday.妈妈做了一个蛋糕给他庆贺生日。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料Hehadameetingtoattend.他有个会要开。3、下列动词后的复合宾语用分词做宾补：see,watch,notice,observe,hear,feel,make,set,have,leave,keep,find等。用现在分词还是用过去分词做宾补，要看分词与宾语的关系。例：Weheardhimsingingthesongwhenwecamein.当我们进来的时候，听见他正唱那首歌。Wehaveheardthesongsungtwice.我们听过这首歌唱过两遍了。五、非谓语动词做定语：1、不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示在谓语动词之后发生的动作或过去的某一特定动作。例如：Hehadnohousetoliveinbutalotofworktodo.他没有房子住却有好多活要干。Ourmonitoristhefirsttoarrive.我们班长是第一个到的。2、动名词与现在分词做定语的区别：动名词做定语说明所修饰名词的用途；现在分词做定语，表示所修饰名词进行的动作。awalkingstick拐杖（动名词做定语，意为astickforwalking）asleepingcar卧铺车厢（动名词做定语，意为acarforsleeping）therisingsun正在升起的太阳（现在分词做定语，意为thesunwhichwasrising）thechangingworld变化中的世界（现在分词做定语，意为theworldwhichischanging）3、现在分词与过去分词做定语的区别：过去分词做定语表示完成或被动的动作，现在分词做定语表示主动或进行的动作。如：apieceofdisappointingnews使人失望的消息（意同apieceofnewswhichdisappointedus）inthefollowingyears在后来的几年中（意同intheyearsthatfollowed）awelldressedwoman衣着讲究的女士（意同awomanwhoisdressedwell）acarparkedatthegate停在门口的小汽车（意同acarwhichwasparkedatthegate）六、不定式与分词做状语：1、不定式做状语，只表示目的、结果或原因：Hehurriedhomeonlytofindhismoneystolen.他匆忙赶到家中，发现钱被盗了。（结果状语）Tomakehimselfheard,heraisedhisvoice.为了被听清楚，他提高了嗓门。（目的状语）Allofusaresurprisedtoseehisrapidprogress.看到他的进步，我们都很吃惊。(原因状语)2、分词做状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式：Seenfromthetopofthehill,thetownisbeautiful.从山上看，这座城市很美。（条件状语）Comingintotheroom,hefoundhisfatherangry.当走进房间时，他发现父亲生气了。（时间状语）Beingtired,theywentonworking.虽然累了，但他们继续工作。（让步状语）Havingbeenhitbythebigboyonthenose,thelittleboybegantocry.由于被大孩子打了鼻子，那个小男孩哭了。（原因状语）Heputafingerinhismouth,tasteditandsmiled,lookingratherpleased.他把一个手指放进嘴里，尝了尝，笑了，看起来挺高兴。（伴随状语）非谓语动词部分专题练习：1、Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenherupfromchildhood.A．growB．grewC．wasgrowingD．togrow2、Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentlosehisjob.A．sonotastoB．soasnottoC．soastonotD．notsoastootherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料3、Shereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedonabigrockbythesideofthepath.A．tohaverestedB．restingC．torestD．rest4、Thenextmorningshefoundthemaninbed,dead.A．lyingB．lieC．layD．laying5、Onlyoneofthesebooksis.A．worthtoreadB．worthbeingreadC．worthofreadingD．worthreading6、Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed.A．catchingB．tobecaughtC．beingcaughtD．tocatch7、Mostofthepeopletothepartywerefamousscientists.A．invitedB．toinviteC．beinginvitedD．inviting8、Shedidn’trememberhimbefore.A．havingmetB．havemetC．tomeetD．tohavingmet9、——Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?——I’dliketohavethispackage,madam.A．beweighedB．tobeweighedC．toweighD．weighed10、Therewasaterriblenoisethesuddenburstoflight.A．followedB．followingC．tobefollowedD．beingfollowed11、Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandsbehind.A．beingtiedB．havingtiedC．tobetiedD．tied12、OnSaturdayafternoon,Mrs.Greenwenttothemarket,somebananasandvisitedhercousin.A．boughtB．buyingC．tobuyD．buy13、Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,alongspeechforthepresident.A．toprepareB．preparingC．preparedD．waspreparing14、IcanhardlyimaginePeteracrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.A．sailB．tosailC．sailingD．tohavesailed15、Johnwasmadethetruckforaweekasapunishment.A．towashB．washingC．washD．tobewashing16、Iwouldappreciatebackthisafternoon.A．youtocallB．youcallC．yourcallingD．you’recalling17、Johnwassosleepythathecouldhardlykeephiseyes.A．openB．tobeopenedC．toopenD．opening18、areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A．NotreceivingB．ReceivingnotC．NothavingreceivedD．Havingnotreceived19、CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsideredthefirstcomputer.A．tohaveinventedB．inventingC．toinventD．havinginvented20、“Can’tyouread?”Marysaidtothenotice.A．angrilypointingB．andpointangrilyC．angrilypointedD．andangrilypointing21、Ratherthanonacrowdedbus,healwaysprefersabicycle.A．ride,rideB．riding,rideC．ride,torideD．toride,riding22、Themissingboyswerelastseenneartheriver.A．playingB．tobeplayingC．playD．toplay23、ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料A．havingaddedB．toaddC．addingD．added24、ThefirsttextbooksforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A．havingwrittenB．tobewrittenC．beingwrittenD．written25、Weagreedherebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.A．havingmetB．meetingC．tomeetD．tohavemet26、——Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.——Well,nowIregretthat.A．todoB．tobedoingC．tohavedoneD．havingdone27、Thepatientwaswarnedoilyfoodaftertheoperation.A．toeatnotB．eatingnotC．nottoeatD．noteating28、inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A．LostingB．HavinglostC．LostD．Tolose29、——Isthisraincoatyours?——No,minetherebehindthedoor.A．ishangingB．hashungC．hangsD．hung30、TheOlympicGames,in776B.C.,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A．firstplayingB．tobefirstplayedC．firstplayedD．tobefirstplaying31、Wesawthebirdflapitswingsandaway.A．flyB．fliedC．flewD．flying32、Iinsistedthatthedictionarytobeboughtatonce.A．referstoB．referC．referredD．referring33、,icewillbechangedintowater.A．HeatingB．HeatedC．IfheatingD．Tobeheated34、Theforeignerseemedhisway.A．tobelosingB．tohavemisseC．tohavelostD．missed35、Don’tleavemealoneathome.A．tostayB．stayC．stayingD．stayed36、Whatevermustwell.A．istobedone,bedoneB．aretodo,doC．istodo…bedoneD．aretobedone,do37、Theofficerorderedthewoundedsoldieratonce.A．tooperateB．beoperatedC．wasoperatedonD．tobeoperatedon38、Withthewallswhite,theroomseemslarger.A．paintingB．paintedC．tobepaintedD．hasbeenpainted39、——CanIhelpyou?——I’dliketohavetheshoes,fortheyareabitsmaller.A．changingB．changedC．tobechangingD．bechanged40、Onhearingthenews,thewomanstoodthere.A．frightenedB．frighteningC．tofrightenD．tobefrightened41、thetrain,theydecidedtowaitforanother.A．MissedB．MissingC．HavingmissedD．Beingmissed42、Therenobus,Ihadtowalkhome.A．isB．wasC．wereD．being43、Atpresent,thereisanewairportandsupermarketinthesouthofthetown.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料A．builtB．tobebuiltC．beingbuiltD．isbeingbuilt44、Theyoungmantoldthedoctorthathedidn’tneedhisheart.A．having,checkedB．tohave,checkedC．having,tocheckD.tohave,tocheck45、Trythebackdoorifnobodyanswersthefrontdoor.A．toknockatB．knockingatC．andknockatD．andknockingat46、Wehavetodosomethingtostopwildanimals.A．killingB．tobekilledC．beingkilledD．tokill47、,weplantoholdaclassmeeting.A．TimepermittingB．TimepermitsC．IftimeispermittedD．Timepermitted48、Withtheboytheway,thesoldiersgottothepositionintime.A．ledB．leadingC．beingledD．wasleading49、TheEmperororderedthewonderfulclothforhimwithoutdelay.A．toweaveB．tobewovenC．tohavewovenD．tobeweaving50、Lookathislook.Itseemsasifhehadmetatiger.A．frightened,frighteningB．frightening,frightenedC．frightened,frightenedD．frightening,frightening51、,theplayersbeganthegame.A．HavingtakenourseatsB．TakingourseatsC．AfterwetookourseatsD．Beingtakentheseats52、himbefore,shedidn’tknowhewasheruncle.A．NothavingseenB．HavingnotseenC．NotseeingD．Notbeingseen53、manytimes,buthemadethesamemistakeagain.A．HavingbeentoldB．AlthoughhehadbeentoldC．HehadbeentoldD．Havingtold54、Theglassofwateristoohot.Iprefersomecoldwater.A．boiledB．boilingC．toboilD．havingboiled55、Thelittleboyenteredtheclassroomwithout.A．noticingB．noticedC．beingnoticedD．notice56、We’reconsideringEnglishinpairsafterclass.A．practisingspeakingB．practisingtospeakC．topractisespeakingD．topractisetospeak57、themixture,theteachershoweditaroundtheclassroom.A．ToseeB．MorestudentstoseeC．FormorestudentstoseeD．Seen58、Iapologizeformypromise.A．nottokeepB．beingkeptC．nothavingkeptD．havingnotkept59、Thebookonthedesktoher.A．lying,belongingB．lay,belongC．lying,belongsD．beinglie,isbelong60、,Maryhadtostayathometolookafterher.A．BeingillB．TobeillC．HermotherwasillD．Hermotherbeingill61、muchEnglishtroubledhimalot.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料A．HisnotknowingB．NotheknowingC．HishavingnotknownD．Hisnotknown62、Hewon’tattendthemeetingunlesstogiveaspeech.A．invitedB．invitingC．beinginvitedD．hewillbeinvited63、Hegotthefirstandwontheprizeas.A．expectedB．expectingC．tobeexpectedD．expect64、Hestoodtherewithhiseyesme.A．fixingB．fixingonC．fixedtoD．fixedon65、Motherwarnedhimafterdrinking.A．toneverdriveB．nevertodriveC．neverdrivingD．neverdrive66、Iremembersomethinglikethat.A．thathesayB．himtosayC．hissayingD．himhavingsaid67、Didyousmellsomething?A．burntB．toburnC．tobeburningD．burning68、Becauseofairpollution,thiscityisnolonger.A．agoodplacetoliveinB．agoodplaceforlivinginC．agoodplacetoliveD．agoodplacetobelivedin69、Lettheday.A．toberememberedB．rememberedC．berememberedD．remember70、Hisparents,theorphanisnowtakencareofbythevillagers.A．deadB．dyingC．havediedD．havingdied71、Wouldyoubetodomeafavour?A．asgoodasB．sogoodasC．enoughgoodD．goodenoughas72、Hehadusallthroughtheparty.A．laughingB．tolaughC．laughD．laughed73、Thenursesuggestedtheoldman,forhehadalongtimetowait.A．tositdownB．sitdownC．wouldsitdownD．satdown74、Thosewhohavequestions,raiseyourhands.A．askedB．askC．askingD．toask75、Thisroomisusedfood.A．tostoreB．storingC．tostoringD．stored76、Wecan’tkeepoureyestoallthis.A．shutB．shuttingC．toshutD．shutted77、Idon’tfeelliketothecinema.A．goB．goingC．goneD．togo78、youthetruth,Idon’tlikethedesignheoffered.A．TellB．ToldC．TellingD．Totell79、atthestation,theyfoundthetrain.A．Arriving,goingB．Arrived,goC．Arriving,goneD．Arrived,gone80、Whathesaidmadeus.A．tosurpriseB．surpriseC．surprisingD．surprised第九章定语从句otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料I.定语从句起了形容词的作用（所以定语从句又叫形容词性从句），在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingTheboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar..whose人，物定语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.that人，物主语，宾语Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主语，宾语Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人，物主语，宾语Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as做宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhichwhere地点地点状语ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用inwhichwhy原因原因状语Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhichII.that与which,who,whom的用法区别：情况用法说明例句只用that的情况1．先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代词时。2．先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时3．1.Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.2.Allthebooksthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout.3.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.4.WetalkedaboutthepersonsandotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4．先行词既指人又指物时5．先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时6．句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时口诀：说that道that只用that六时刻一为先行不定代，引词只用that作二为副词修先行，that为定从引路先行前若有形序，只有that够资格先行若是个人物，that定从前面搁Only，very修先行，that正是好时景避免重复引导词，that也可作先行thingsthatweremembered.5.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.6.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?只用which,who,whom的情况1．在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人2．在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。3．先行词本身是that时，关系词用which,先行词为those,one,he时多用who。Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.III.as与which的区别：定语从句区别例句限制性定语从句中名词前有such和thesame修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.非限制性定语从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.IV.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：类别语法意义及特征例句TheaccidenthappenedattheotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。timewhenIleft.非限制性定语从句　对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。Hismother,whomheloveddeeply,diedtenyearsago.1．Football,isaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld．A．thatB．whichC．itD．who2．Isthereanythingelseyourequire?A．whichB．thatC．whoD．what3．ThelastplacewevisitedwastheGreatWall．A．whichB．thatC．whereD．it4．Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooksinterestedhimgreatlyintheschool．A．whichB,whoC．itD．that5．Therealwaytunnel,throughthetraingoes,willbecompletedsoon．A．whichB．thatC．itD．whom6．Hisuncleworksinafactorybicyclesaremade．A．thatB．whichC．whereD．there7．Thereisnodictionaryyoucanfindeverything．A．thatB．whichC．whereD．inthat8．Nextmonth,you’llhaveatripinyourhometowniscoming．A．whichB．thatC．whenD．where9．Nextmonth,you’llbeinyourhometowniscoming．A．whichB．thatC．whenD．where10．Ioftenthoughtofmychildhood,Ilivedonafarm．A．whichB．whereC．whenD．who11．Hewantedtoknowthetimeheneededtoknow．A．thatB．whenC．whereD．what12．Thereisn’tsomuchnoiseinthecountryinbigcities．A．thatB．whichC．whereD．as13．TheycouldonlyreadsuchstorieshadbeenrewritteninsimpleEnglish．A．thatB．whichC．asD．what14.Thestemsofbambooarehollow,makesthemverylight．A．whichB．asC．thatD．it15．Crusoe’sdoghecameillanddied,madehimverylonely．A．asB．whichC．thatD．this16．They’veinvitedmetotheirparty,iskindofthem．A．asB．whichC．ThatD．this17．weknownow,batscomeoutonlyatnight．A．AsB．WhichC．ThatD．What18．Johngotbeateninthegame,hadbeenexpected．A．asB．thatC．whatD．who19．hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules．otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料A．WhichB．WhatC．ThatD．As20．Doyouknowthereasonhewaslate?A．thatB．whichC．forwhatD．forwhich21．Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies．A．inwhichB．withthatC．throughwhichD．byit22．Ihaveboughttwoballpens,writeswell．A．noneofwhichB．neitherofwhichC．noneofthemD．neitherofthem23．Therearetwothousandstudentsinourschool,aregirls．A．ofwhomtwothirdsB．two-thirdsofthemC．two-thirdinthemD．two-thirdsinwhich24．Doyouknowtheman?A．whomIspokeB．towhoIspokeC．IspoketoD．thatIspoke25．Thefactorywe’llvisitnextweekisn’tfarfromhere．A．whereB．inwhichC．whichD．towhich26．Thisisoneofthebestfilmsthisyear．A．havebeenshownB．thathaveshownC．thathavebeenshownD．whichhasbeenshown27．Canyoulendmethebooktheotherday?A．(that)youtalkedaboutB．aboutthatyoutalkedC．thatyoutalkedD．whichyoutalked28．Isthereanyoneinyouclassfamilyisinthecity．A．whoB．who’sC．whichD．whose29．I’llneverforgetthedayswestayedtogether．A．whenB．inwhichC．whichD．what30．IssomeGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?A．thisschoolB．thistheschoolC．thisschooloneD．thisschoolwhere31．I’lltellyouhetoldmelastmonth．A．allwhichB．allwhatC．thatallD．all32．Doyouknowthereasonshegotsoangryyesterday?A．forwhyB．forthatC．whichD．why33．Istillrememberthedayshefirstworethatpinkdress．A．whichB．inwhichC．onthatD．onwhich34．I’llshowyouastoreyoumaybuyallyouneed．A．inwhich,/B．where,whichC．which,thatD．that,that35．Winteristhetimeofyearthedaysareshortandnightsarelong．A．whereB．whenC．thatD．onwhich36．Thetrainshewastravellingwaslate．A．whichB．onwhichC．forwhichD．onthat37．ThesecondWorldWarmillionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945．A．duringwhichB．inthatC．whereD．onwhich38．Isoxygentheonlygashelpsfireburn?A．thatB．/C．whichD．it39．ThisisthebesthotelinthecityIknow．otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料A．whichB．thatC．whereD．it40．I’vereadallthebookswereborrowedfromthelibrary．A．thatB．/C．whichD．they41．Thescientistandhisachievementsyoutoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall．A．whichB．whoC．thatD．whose42．Shehasn’tgotenoughmoneytobuytherings．A．whichB．thatC．withwhichD．forwhich43．Finallycamethedayhehadtobeginhisstudyforthenextterm．A．whichB．sinceC．thatD．till44．Wehopetogetsuchatoolheisusing．A．whichB．asC．thatD．where45．Isthereanythingtoyou．A．thatisbelongedB．thatbelongsC．whichbelongsD．thatbelong46．Youcantakeanyseatisfree．A．whichB．whereC．thatD．inwhich47．Theoldwomanhastwosons,oneofwhomisateacher．A．ofthemB．ofwhichC．ofwhomD．ofwho48．Myhometownisnolongerthesameitusedtobe．A．whichB．asC．thatD．like49．Youmaytakeanythinguseful．A．youwantB．whatyouwantC．youwantthemD．whichyouwant50．Hetoreupmyphotoandupsetme．A．thatB．itC，whichD，what51．Duringthedays,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns．A．followedB．followingC．tofollowD．thatfollowed52．ThebeautifuldressMissJoneswenttotheballwasborrowedfromafriendofhers．A．thatB．wearingwhichC．wornbyD．inwhich53．Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,hecouldseewhatwasgoingoninsidethehouse．A．inwhichB．throughwhichC．atwhichD．onwhich54．Thebraveman,thetigerwasshotisagoodhunter．A．bywhichB．bywhomC．bythatD．ofwhom55．Theknifeweusedtocutthebreadisverysharp．A．withwhichB．withitC．withthatD．which第十章名词性从句（具有名词作用的从句叫名词性从句）种类作用常用关联词例句主语从句在复合句中做主语，相当于名词，一般置谓语之前，也可用itthat,whether,if,asif,asthough,who,whose,Whetherhewillcomeornotdoesn’tmattermuch.WhoevercomesherewillbeotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料作形式主语，主语从句放主句之后which,how,when,where,why,what,whatever,whoever,whereverwelcome.表语从句在复合句中做表语，相当于名词，位于系动词之后Itlooksasifitisgoingtosnow.宾语从句在复合句中做宾语，相当于名词Heaskedmewhichteamcouldwinthegame.同位语从句放在名词之后(news,problem,idea,suggestion,advice,thought,hope,fact等)表明其具体内容Youhavenoideahowworriedweare.Thefactthatheliedagaingreatlysurprisedus.1．Iwonderhowmuch．A．costtheseshoesB．dotheseshoescostC．theseshoescostD．aretheseshoescost2．Nobodyknew．A．wherehecomesB．wherehewasfromC．whereheisfromD．wheredoeshecomefrom3．Excuseme,wouldyoupleasetellme．A．whenthesportsmeetwillbetakenplace．B．whenwasthesportsmeetgoingtobeheld．C．whenisthesportsmeettobegin．D．whenthesportsmeetistotakeplace．4．Computerscanonlygiveouthasbeenstoredinthem.A．thatB．whichC．whatD．anything5．Shewantedtoknow．A．whetherIknewherandwheredidsheworkB．ifIknewherandthefactorysheworkedthereC．whertherIknewherandthefactorysheworkedD．ifIknewherandthefactorywheresheworked6．Myfriendwouldn’ttellmehisnewcar．A．howmuchhepaidforB．howmuchdidhepayC．hepaidhowmuchforD．didhepayhowmuch7．Asimpleexperimentshowsairhassomestrength．A．whatB．thatC．whichD．who8．Heyouarenotgoingabroad．A．surprisedthatB．issurprisedthatC．surprisedatD．issurprisedwhether9．Fatherasked．A．whatwaswrongwithmeB．what’swrongwithmeC．whatwrongwaswithmeD．whatwrongiswithme10．Itdoesn’tmatterIrestornot．A．ifB．whetherC．thatD．when11．Thetroubleisweareshortoftools．A．whatB．thatC．howD．whythat12．Thatisthereappearsarainbowinthesky．otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料A．whatB．whenC．whyD．however13．Ican’tunderstandishewantstochangehismind．A．That,thatB．Which,whatC．What,whatD．What,why14．ItispossiblehemisunderstoodIsaid．A．that,thatB．what,whatC．what,thatD．that,what15．Thethoughthemightfailintheexamworriedhim．A．whichB．thatC．whenD．/16．Thefactheisanorphaniswellknown．A．whatB．thatC．whichD．/17．IwasfreethateveningA．IthappenedtoB．IthappenedthatC．ThathappenedD．Itwashappenedthat18．Iwillacceptthegiftisnoneofyourbusiness．A．IfB．WhetherC．WhatD．Which19．Ihavewillbeyourssoonerorlater．A．NomatterwhatB．NomatterwhateverC．WhateverD．That20．Healwaysthinkshecandomoreforthepeople．A．ofhowB．howC．ofthatD．why21．inthenewspaperthattheJapaneseMinisterwillarrivenextMonday．A．ItsaysB．ItissaidC．IthassaidD．Heissaid22．Wethinkitimportantcollegestudentsshouldmasteratleastoneforeignlanguage．A．whichB．thatC．whatD．whether23．ComradeWangistogiveusatalkonhesawandheardinBritain．A．whatB．allwhatC．thatD．which24．Thetownisnolongeritwastenyearsago．A．whichB．thatC．whatD．when25．toldyuouthatwaslying．A．whoB．whoeverC．AnyoneD．Theperson26．WordcameIwaswantedattheoffice．A．whichB．whyC．thatD．whether27．nothingtodowithus．A．WhathedidisB．WhathehasdoneC．WhatdidhedoD．Whathehasdonehas28．Theproblemiswillgo．A．thatB．thatwhoC．whoD．whoever29．thereislifeonanotherplanetisalmostimpossible．A．HowB．ThatC．WhyD．Whether30．wasawell-knownfact．A．ThattheirteamwasweakB．ThattheirteambeingweakC．TheirteamwasweakD．Iftheirteamwasweak第十一章状语从句otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料种类连接词注意点时间状语when,whenever,while,as,before,after,until,till,bythetime,assoonas,hardly…when,nosooner…than,themoment,theminute,immediately,directly,instantly主句表示将来意义时，从句须用一般现在时；while引导的从句中动词一般是延续性的；until用在肯定句中主句动词是延续性的，而否定句中主句动词为短暂性的。地点状语where,wherever原因状语because,as,since,nowthatbecause语气最强，since较弱，表示大家都明了的原因，as又次之。条件状语if,unless,once,incase,aslongas,onconditionthat从句中动词时态不可用将来时，常用一般时代替目的状语sothat,inorderthat,forfearthatsothat和inorderthat后常接may,should,could,would等情态动词结果状语so…that,such…that比较状语than,as…as,notso/as…as,themore…themore方式状语asif,asthough,asasif和asthough引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。让步状语though,although,evenif,eventhough,as,nomatterwhat,whatever,nomatterwho,whoever,nomatterwhich,whichever,nomatterhow,however,nomatterwhen,wheneveras在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式；although和though用正常语序，可和yet连用，但不可和but连用1、YoulikesportsI’dliketoread.A．whenB．whileC．butD．yet2、weweresinging,theteachercamein.A．BeforeB．afterC．AsD．Until3、Iwasabouttoleavemyhousethephonerang.A．whileB．whenC．asD．after4、Theydidnotstopfightingtherewasnoenemyleft.A．untilB．afterC．whenD．since5、Ihavenotseenhimhewenttocollege.A．whenB．beforeC．asD．since6、Itisfivedayswecamehere.A．whenB．beforeC．asD．since7、Itwasnotlonghegottoknowit.A．whenB．beforeC．afterD．until8、Weshallgowearefree.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料A．wheneverB．whateverC．whereverD．however9、IliveImustservethepeopleheartandsoul.A．WhenB．SolongasC．AssoonasD．Oncondition10、IwasreadinganovelhewaswatchingTV.A．whenB．whileC．beforeD．as11、Putthemedicineyoucaneasilygetit.A．sothatB．whereC．whichD．there12、WewillgothePartywantsustogo.A．whereverB．thereC．totheplaceD．which13、thereisawillthereisaway.A．WhenB．WhereC．WhetherD．How14、Iamgoingyouwentlastweek.A．whereB．whereverC．whenD．theplace15、yougo,youshouldbearthemotherlandinyourmind.A．WhereB．WhereverC．WhateverD．However16、weatherpermits,we’llhaveanouting.A．ForB．ThoughC．WhileD．If17、Youwon’tsucceedharder.A．unlessyouwillworkB．unlessyouworkC．unlessyoudon’tworkD．ifyouwon’twork18、Iwonderifheus,andIthinkifheuswe’llbeabletocompletethetaskaheadoftime.A．helps,helpsB．willhelp,helpsC．helps,willhelpD．willhelp,willhelp19、Idon’tliketobeinterruptedifI.A．speakB．willspeakC．amspeakingD．spoke20、Ifyouthisexperimentyouwillunderstandthetheorybetter.A．willbedoingB．havedoneC．willhavedoneD．woulddo21、IwouldliketodoitIlikeit.A．sinceB．becauseC．becauseofD．nowthat22、everybodyishere,Let’ssetoff.A．SinceB．BecauseC．ForD．After23、Itwashewasillthathewasabsentyesterday.A．becauseB．asC．sinceD．nowthat24、itisraining,wehadbettertakeataxi.A．ForB．AsC．BecauseofD．When25、“Whycan’tyoudoitnow?”“I’mtoobusy.”A．SinceB．AsC．BecauseD．For26、Hemusthavepassedthisway,herearehisfootprints.A．sinceB．becauseofC．nowthatD．for27、everybodyishere,Let’sbeginourmeeting.A．NowthatB．BecauseC．ForD．When28、Hisspeechmadedeepimpressionontheaudiencethattheycouldhardlyforgetit.A．suchaB．soaC．soD．such29、Theyworkedhardtheyfinishedtheirworkaheadoftime.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料A．soB．sothatC．suchthatD．soasto30、Hewasweakhecouldn’tstandup.A．such,thatB．so,thatC．very,thatD．so,asto31、Theforeignerspokehisinterpretercouldhardlycatchhiswords.A．suchfastthatB．sofastC．sofastthatD．sofastlythat32、Thebookisitgivesawrongideaofthefacts.A．sowritingthatB．suchwrittenthatC．suchwritingthatD．sowrittenthat33、Thehousecostwedidn’tbuyit.A．somuchmoneythatB．somanymoneythatC．suchmuchmoneythatD．suchmanymoneythat34、Itisallofuscandoit.A．soeasyexercisethatB．sucheasyanexerciseC．sucheasyexerciseD．soeasyanexercisethat35、Shehassheremembersallthenamesofthestudentsshehastaught.A．sogoodmemorythatB．suchagoodmemorythatC．suchgoodmemorythatD．goodmemory36、TheystoppedatTianjingtheymightvisittheTVtower.A．soB．becauseC．sothatD．inorder37、Weallgotupearlywemightstartatsix.A．inorderthatB．inordertoC．soD．soasto38、Letthedogloosesothatithavearun.A．shouldB．mustC．couldD．need39、clearlysothatyourteacheryoucorrectly.A．Write,canunderstandB．Havingwritten,canunderstandC．Towrite,couldunderstandD．Writing,willunderstand40、Hestartedearlysothathethereintime.A．couldgetB．gotC．hadgotD．wouldhavegot41、itwaslate,shewentonworking.A．ThoughB．BecauseC．SinceD．Whether42、wefail,wetrying.A．Evenif,don’tstopB．Eventhough,won’tstopC．Even,willnotstopD．Evenalthough,shallneverstop43、thepainwasbad,hedidnotcomplain.A．Although,butB．Though,butC．Though,yetD．Even,still44、physics,helikesmathsbetter.A．AshemuchlikesB．MuchashelikesC．MuchlikesasheD．Likesmuchashe45、telephones,tellhimI’mout.A．NomatterwhoeverB．WhoC．WhoeverD．Anyone46、We’llcarrythereformtotheendhappens.A．nomatterhowB．whateverC．anythingD．nomatterwhich47、Ittakestimetogotherebyplanethanbyship.A．farfewerB．farlessC．muchfewerD．morelessotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料48、Heistallerthaninhisclass.A．othersB．allthestudentsC．anyotheroneD．theother49、itwasfinishedintime.A．AstheworkwasdifficultB．DifficultastheworkwasC．DifficultaswastheworkD．Aswastheworkdifficult50、IamsorryIhavecausedsomuchtrouble.A．thatB．forC．asD．since51、hecame,hewouldbringusalotofflowers.A．EverytimesB．onetimeC．EverytimeD．Onceatime52、I’lltellhimaboutitIseehim.A．assoonasB．sosoonasC．whileD．as53、IhadhardlysatdownthetelephonerangA．thanB．whenC．asD．after54、Sityoulike.A．whereB．attheplaceC．asD．wherever55、hewasn’treadyintime,wewentwithouthim.A．SinceB．AsC．ForD．Becauseof56、Allplantsneedairtheyneedwater.A．likeB．asifC．asD．so57、Workhardyoucansucceed.A．inordertoB．sothatC．forfearthatD．incase58、IfyouIwillgowithyou.A．gotoB．wentC．willD．shouldgo59、Thehardheworks,hewillmake.A．thegreaterB．thegreaterprogressC．andthemoreD．more60、wehavethoughtitover,we’lltakesteps.A．Till,notB．When,noC．Until,anyD．Until,noⅡ、改错1、Itwon’tmatterevenherefuses.2、Jimimaginedthatthewholeworldknewofhisachievements,wheninfactonlyafewpeoplehadheardofit.3、Herealizedthathishousemusthavebeenbrokenintotheminutehegothomeandsawthateverythingwasinamess.4、Hewaslookingforthedictionarywheneverhethoughthemighthaveputit.5、Nomatterifheisfree,hemustgotothelibrary.6、IhavenotmissedaplayoraconcertwhenIwasseventeenyearsold.7、NexttimethatIplantotravelinLondon,I’mgoingtotakeaplane.8、I’mnotgoingtotalkonthepointanyfurther,thoughitisneitherimportantnorveryinteresting.9、MuchsinceIlikeallthebooks,Ican’taffordtobuythem.10、Alicwaswaitingforthebusthenshenoticedathiefrunningoutofashop.11、Ithasbeentwoandahalfmonthsagosinceheleft.12、Thoughtheworkwasdifficult,butwemanagedtofinishitintime.13、ThetestshowsthatJackhasamuchquickermindthananystudentinhisclass.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料14、HeleftforGuangzhoubytrainlastMonday.Heoughttohavearrived,Ithink..15、Theywrotetothebossinordertheycouldimprovetheirworkingconditions.16、Hegoesfishingwhereverhehastime,whichisnotoften.17、Idon’tknowwhenhecomestomorrow.Ifhecomes,letmeknowatonce.18、Whenyoureadabook,you’dbettermakeamarkthatyouhaveanyquestions.19、Shipsaremuchmoreslowerthanplanesthatfewpeopletakethemonbusiness.20、Shehassuchlittleeducationthatsheisunfitforthejob.第十二章倒装句种类倒装条件例句完全倒装here,there,up,down,in,out,off,away等副词开头的句子表示强调Outrushedthechildren.表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首Underthetreestoodtwotablesandfourchairs.强调表语，置于句首，或为保持句子平衡Presentatthemeetingwere1,000students.部分倒装never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,little,notuntil,not等表示否定意义的副词放于句首HardlydidIknowwhathadhappened.only和修饰的状语放于句首OnlythendidherealizedtheimportanceofEnglish.notonly…butalso连接并列的句子，前倒后不倒NotonlydoesheknowFrench,butalsoheisexpertatit.neither…nor…连接并列的句子，前后都倒装NeitherdoIknowit,nordoIcareaboutit.so…that,such…that中的so或such及修饰的成分放于句首时前倒后不倒Sobusyishethathecannotgoonaholiday.as引导的让步状语Childasheis,hehaslearnedalot.so,neither或nor表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事。Hecanplaythepiano.Socani.用于表示祝愿的祈使句中Mayyoubeingoodhealth!省略if的虚拟条件WereIyou,Iwouldnotdoitinthisway.【专项训练】Ⅰ、选择填空1、thatweallwentout,lyinginthesun.A．TheweathersofinewasB．SofinewastheweatherC．SotheweatherwasfineD．Sowasfineweather2、Underhisarmapairofshoeswhichhehadboughtfromtheshopafewdaysbefore.A．isB．areC．wasD．were3、whohadarrestedhimthreetimesforcarryingdrugs.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料A．BeforeGeorgestoodthepolicemanB．BeforeGeorgethepolicemanstoodC．BeforethepolicemanstoodGeorgeD．BeforeGeorgedidthepoliceman4、Thenwehadbeenlookingforwardto.A．camethehourB．thehourcameC．comesthehourD．thehouriscoming5、Onlywhenhestartedtoexplainthereasonforthis.A．sherealizedB．didsherealizeC．shehadrealizedD．hadsherealized6、succeedindoinganything.A．OnlybyworkinghardwecanB．ByonlyworkinghardwecanC．OnlybyworkinghardcanweD．Onlywecanbyworkinghard7、Notforamomentthetruthofyourstory.A．hehasdoubtedB．hedoubtsC．didhedoubtD．hediddoubt8、NowhereelseintheworldcheapertailoringthaninHongKong.A．atouristcanfindB．canatouristfindC．atouristwillfindD．atouristhasfound9、Hardlywhenthebussuddenlypulledaway.A．theyhadgottothebus-stopB．theygottothebus-stopC．didtheygettothebus-stopD．hadtheygottothebus-stop10、Marydoesn’tspeakFrench,anddoesJoan.A．notB．neitherC．eitherD．so11、—DoyouknowJimquarrelledwithhisbrother?—Idon’tknow,.A．nordon’tIcareB．nordoIcareC．Idon’tcareneitherD．Idon’tcarealso12、Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcenturywhatheatis.A．mandidknowB．manknewC．didn’tmanknowD．didmanknow13、Afterthatweneversawheragainnorfromher.A．didwehearB．weheardC．hadweheardD．wehaveheard14、Johnwonthefirstprizeinthecontest..A．Sohedid.B．Sodidhe.C．Sohedid,too.D．Sodidhe,too.15、,hedoesn’tstudywell.A．AsheiscleverB．HeisascleverC．CleverasheisD．Ascleverheis16、Youcanneverusemytaperecorder.timeshouldyoutouchthatmachine.A．AtnoB．AtanyC．AnyD．No17、Scarcelytheroomthephonerang.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料A．Ihadentered…whenB．HadIentered…thenC．hadIentered…whenD．haveIentered…when18、Onlysavehislife.A．canthedoctorB．thedoctorcanC．willthedoctorD．couldthedoctor19、Hardlyanybodytheboy,becauseheisrude.A．doeslikeB．likesC．dolikeD．like20、Sowellthattheteacherpraisedher.A．shehaddoneherhomeworkB．herhomeworkhadbeendoneC．didshedoherhomeworkD．shedidherhomework21、Onlywhentoknowhimwillyougetalongwithhim.A．doyoucomeB．willyoucomeC．youcomeD．youwillcome22、Out,guninhand.A．didherushB．rushedheC．herushedD．hadherushed23、Hehadpromisedmetocometotheparty,and.A．sodidheB．sohedidC．sohewouldD．sowouldhe24、Intotheskythelightbluesmoke.A．wentupB．upwentC．didgoupD．hadgoneup25、Littleabouthisownlifeatthemeeting.A．didhetalkB．hetalkedC．hewastalkingD．hadhetalked26、Undernocircumstancesfirstusenuclearweapons.A．willChinaB．ChinawillC．doesChinaD．doChina27、takenthatexamination,shecouldhavepassedit.A．WeresheB．HadshebeabletoC．IfshewouldhaveD．Hadshe28、tomorrow,wewouldputoffthematchtillnextMonday.A．ShoulditrainedB．WereittorainC．IfitwouldrainD．Haditrained29、Look,here.A．Mr.BrowncomesB．doesMr.BrowncomeC．comesMr.BrownD．Mr.Brownhascome30、Oftenusgoodadvice.A．didshegiveB．shedidgiveC．shegaveD．shehasgiven31、NotuntilIbegantoworkhowmuchtimeIhadwasted.A．didn’tIrealizeB．didIrealizeC．Ididn’trealizeD．Irealize32、Littleabouthisownsafety,thoughhewasingreatdangerhimself.A．doeshecareB．didhecareotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料C．hecaresD．hecared33、beganournewlesson.A．ButB．ThusC．SuchD．Sothat34、Bynomeanslookdownuponthepoor.A．weshouldB．weshouldnotC．doweD．shouldwe35、Onlywhen30yearsoldtolearnEnglish.A．washe,didhebeginB．hewas,hebeganC．washe,hebeganD．hewas,didhebegin36、Notoncetheirplan.A．didtheychangeB．theychangedC．changedtheyD．theydidchanged37、“It’sveryhottoday.”“.”A．SoitisB．SoisitC．SodoesitD．Soitdoes 38、Afishneedswaterandwithoutwateritwilldie.A．SodoesamanB．SowillamanC．SoitiswithamanD．Soisitwithaman39、Theyarrivedatthefarmhouse,infrontofwhich.A．satasmallboyB．asmallboysatC．issittingasmallboyD．asmallboysitting40、Societyhaschangedandinit.A．sohavethepeopleB．sothepeoplehaveC．thepeoplehavesoD．havethepeoplesoⅡ、改错41、Onlywhenwashe50yearsolddidhebegintolearnFrench.42、LittlesheknewTomwaswasbadlyill43、Turntotherightandthereareyou.44、Andallaroundthefoxinacirclewasdogs.45、—YoucanlearnEnglishwell.—Socanwe.46、Idareclimbthistalltree,butdoyou?47、Notoncehekepthispromise.48、Manyatimehehasgivenussomegoodadvice.49、SuchanoisetherewasthatIcouldn’tworkintheroom.50、Onlydoesmymotherunderstandme.第十三章虚拟语气类别用法例句If引导的条件从句与现在事实相反从句动词：过去式（be用were）主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.从句动词：had+过去分词IfIhadbeenfree,IotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料与过去事实相反主句动词：should/would/could/might+have+过去分词wouldhavevisitedyou.与将来事实相反从句动词：过去式/should+动词原形/were+不定式主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.其它状语从句asif引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式Theyaretalkingasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.inorderthat/sothat引导的状语从句中动词用can/could/may/might/would等+动词原形Turnonthelightsothatwecanseeitclearly.宾语从句demand,suggest,order,insist后接的从句中动词为should+动词原形Hesuggestedthatwenotchangeourmind.wish后的从句中分别用过去式，过去完成式和should/would+动词原形表示与现在，过去和将来情况相反IwishIcouldbeapopsinger.主语从句在Itisnecessary/important/strangethat…,Itissuggested/demanded/ordered/requestedthat…等从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形Itisstrangethatsuchapersonshouldbeourfriends.其它句型中Itistimethat…句型中动词用过去式或should+动词原形It’shightimethatweleft.wouldrather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.Ifonly句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强烈的愿望Ifonlyourdreamhadcometrue!【专项训练】1、Itisimportantthatacollegestudentaforeignlanguage.A．willmasterB．masterC．mastersD．wouldmaster2、Itisstrangethatshewithoutsayingaword.A．shouldhavegoneoutB．wentC．shouldgooutD．goesout3、IfmylawyerherelastSaturday,hemefromgoing.A．hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedB．hadbeen,wouldpreventC．were,wouldpreventD．were,wouldhaveprevent4、——“Heisabraveman.”——“Yes,IwishIhiscourage.”A．haveB．hadC．willhaveD．mayhave5、Ifitrain,thecropswouldbesaved.A．shouldB．willC．isgoingtoD．wastootherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料6、Heorderedthatthemedicinebyaspecialplane.A．wassentB．wouldbesentC．shouldsendD．besent7、Ifyouthemedicine,youbetternow.A．took,wouldfeelB．hadtaken,feltC．hadtaken,wouldfeelD．took,wouldhavefelt8、Sheismysister,butsheoftenactsasifmymother.A．isB．wasC．wereD．hadbeen9、Iwenttobedearlylastnight,butIwishIso.A．didn’tdoB．hadn’tdoC．haven’tdoneD．couldn’tdo10、I’dratherhetomorrowafternoon.A．willcomeB．comesC．comingD．came第十四章并列句知识要点：1、熟悉并掌握并列句的结构和常用的并列词的用法；2、注意while,when和for等作并列连词的用法。什么叫并列句：由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫并列句。并列句的基本句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料注意：（1）yet和still是连接副词，也叫半连接词。它们是副词。又起连接作用，但不如and,but,or等强，用了yet或still，前面还可加and或but。Heistired,(but)stillhewillmakeanotherexperiment.他很累，但他仍然要做另一个实验。Igotupveryearly,(and)yetIfailedtocatchthefirstbus.我起得很早，然而还是没有赶上头班车（2）while意义相当于atthesametime表示相反和对照，常用来连接两个意义对立的分句。Ilikefootball,whilemysisterlikesbasketball.我喜欢足球，而我姐姐喜欢篮球。when=andthen,justthen或atthattime,duringthetime.Wewerereadytorushaway,whenthesnakemoved.我们正准备离开，这时蛇移动了。while和when作为并列连词使用时常是放在第二个分句前边，并有逗号和第一分句隔开。3、for表示附加或推断的理由、原因。therefore比so更正式，andso比较口语化。【专项训练】：一、用适当的并列连词填空：1、Hecouldn’tknowthetruthaboutme,hewouldn’ttreatmelikethis.2、Thebellisringingthelessonisover.3、Althoughhewasill,hekeptonworking.4、Ican’tmakeupmymindwewillgotoShanghaiwewillstayinourcity.5、Hedoesn’ttalkmuch,hethinksalot.6、Itmusthaverainedlastnightthegroundisstillwet.7、ThepresidentwillvisitthetowninMayhewillopenthenewhospital.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料8、JanewasdressedingreenMarywasdressedinblue.9、hedidnotspeakdistinctlyIdidnothearitclearly.10、Heisclever,,heoftenmakesmistakes.11、didwewritetoherwecalledupher.12、Hehasn’tanymoneyI’mgoingtolendhimsome.13、Thechildwassick;he,,didn’tgotoschool.14、Marywasneitherhappy,wasshesad.15、Putonmoreclothes,you’llcatchcold.二、选择最佳答案：16、Somearereadingmagazines,othersareplayingcards.A．orB．forC．soD．while17、Wemustgetupearlytomorrow.we’llmissthefirstbustotheGreatWall.A．soB．orC．butD．however18、——Idon’tlikechickenfish.——Idon’tlikechicken,Ilikefishverymuch.A．and,andB．and,butC．or,andD．or,but19、Wewanthighspeedgoodquality.A．both,andB．either,orC．neither,norD．not,butalso20、Inspringitishotcoldhere.A．both,andB．either,orC．neither,norD．notonly,but21、doeshewriteswell,healsospeakswell.A．Notonly,butB．Not,butC．Either,orD．Both,and22、Useyourhead,you’llworkitout.A．soB．orC．andD．for23、Iwanttobuythejacket,Ihavenotenoughmoneywithme.A．butB．soC．orD．for24、youIamgoingtohelpTom.A．Either,orB．Not,butC．Notonly,andD．Each,and25、Thesoldierwaswounded,hepushedon.A．forB．andC．soD．yet26、——DoyouknowJimquarrelledwithhisclassmate?——Idon’tknow,.A．nordon’tIcameB．nordoIcareC．Idon’tcareneitherD．Idon’tcarealso27、Heisateacher,asingeraswell.A．butB．orC．norD．and28、shouldamanhavecourage,heshouldhavewisdomandknowledge.A．Notonly,butB．Neither,norC．Either,orD．Both,and29、WehavestudiedEnglishforonlyoneyear,wecanperformEnglishshortplaysalready.A．yetB．forC．andD．or30、Shehadescaped,theringhadfallenoffandbeendamagedinthegreatheatofthefire.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料A．soB．orC．butD．and31、Theworkwasdifficult,,hefinishedinontime.A．butB．howeverC．otherwiseD．therefore32、Theskywascloudlessthesunwasshining.A．butB．andC．forD．so33、manytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.A．HavingbeentoldB．ThoughhehadbeentoldC．HewastoldD．Havingtold34、IwaswalkingalongthestreetIheardsomeonecallingmyname.A．whenB．whileC．andD．for35、Tobehealthy,youmusthaveamealtoobigtoosmall.A．either,orB．neither,norC．notonly,butalsoD．not,but36、BothJaneandEllen,Mary,arestudyingatthesamecollege.A．tooB．andC．aswellD．aswellas37、HehasneverstudiedEnglishbefore,weshouldgivehimmorehelp.A．andB．orC．thereforeD．but38、Iseeyourpointofview;,Idon’tagreewithyou.A．orB．butC．soD．still39、Theymuststayinthewatertheywilldie.A．butB．soC．otherwiseD．and40、Weplayedoutsidetillsunsetitbegantorain.A．whenB．whileC．yetD．so三、改错：41、Althoughhehasgreatlearning,buthealwaysworksfarintothenight.42、Becausetheboyisverynaughty,soI’mangrywithhim.43、Notonlyhehimselfworkshardbutheoftenhelpsothers.44、Itmusthaverainedmuchoflate,becausetheriverissohigh.45、Theydidn’ttellmewhetherIshouldwritetohimnorwhetherIshouldseehimpersonally.46、Iftherewerenoplants,wewouldhavenoanimalsornomeat.47、NowofcourseIdon’twanttosayanythingbadaboutanyonehoweverhaveyounoticedhisstrangemanners?48、“I’mmorethankfultoyou,sir,thanIcansay”Isaid,“andbutImustmakethingsclear.”49、Heneitherknowsnorcaresforwhathappened.50、Hedidnotlikeyoursuggestion,andbutheraisednoobjection(反对).第十五章重要句型1.Itwasnotuntilmidnightthathefinishedhistask.2.NotuntilhecamebackfromabroadwasIabletoseehimagain.3.Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.4.Hewalkedaroundthehouse,guninhand.5.Mayyoubeingoodhealth!otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料6.Wishyouapleasantjourneybackhome!7.Theprofessorwasahumorousmanwithbignoseanddeep-seteyes.8.Whatsurprisedmemostwashisimaginationandpatience.9.Helayonthegrass,withhiseyeslookingattheskyandhishandsunderhishead.10.SittingunderthetreeareMr.Greenandhisfirstteacher.11.Onthewallhangtwopicturesoffamousscientists.12.Lookingbackuponthosepastyears,hecouldn’thelpfeelingveryproud.13.Nosooner(Hardly)hadhearrivedatthetheatrethan(when)theplaystarted.14.Youngasheis,hehaslearnedadvancedmathematics.15.HowIregretthehourswastedinthewoodsandfields!16.Therestandsabeautifulvaseinthecorneroftheroom.17.Tenmilesnorthofthetownliesapaperfactory.18.Theregoesthebell.19.Nowherehastheworldeverseensuchabirdashere.20.Itisnousecryingforhelp.21.IfonlyIhadbeenyourstudentinthemiddleschool!22.Itisbelievedthatsuchathingwillnothappenagain.23.OnlywhenheexplaineddidIrealizethereasonforthis.24“Heworksparticularlyhard.”“Sohedoes,andsodoyou.”25.NotonlyAlicebutalsoJaneandMaryaretiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.26.SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplepersonofgreatachievements.第十六章动词搭配1.addto增加，增进add…to把…加进…addup相加addupto总计，所有这一切说明otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料1)Idon"tthinkthesefactswill________anything.2)Fiftynewbookshavebeen________thelibrary.3)Themusic_________ourenjoymentofthefilm.4)Youmusthavemadeamistakewhenyou_______thebill________.(addupto,addedto,addto,added…up)2.breakawayfrom打破，脱离，挣脱，改掉breakdown出毛病，身体(精神)衰弱，分解，拆开breakoff暂停，中断breakin强行进入，插话breakinto闯入breakintopieces成为碎片breakout爆发breakup捣碎，驱散，瓦解，学期结束，拆散breakthrough突破1)Thecriminalmanagedtobreak_____________thepoliceandranintothewoods.2)Whenheheardthenews,hebroke_______andcried.3)Don"tbreak________whileothersarespeaking.4)Whydon"tyoubreak________forafewminutesandhavesomecoffee?5)Whendoesschoolbreak________?6)Afterharvestwebreak_________thesoilwithatoolpulledbytwooxen.(awayfrom,down,in,off,up,up)3.bringup抚养，呕吐，提出bringabout造成bringout拿出，出版bringin引入，引进，挣钱bringback使回想起bringdown使下降，使倒下1)Theshopkeeperbroughthisprice_________toonlyfivedollars.2)Theschoolhasbrought_________newforeignteacherstoteachoralEnglish.3)Thesongbrought___________happymemoriesofourschooldays.4)Doyouknowwhatbrought___________thismisunderstanding?5)Thekindoldmanagreedtobring__________theyoungorphan.6)Wedecidedtobringthematter___atthenextmeeting.7)Thewindbrought_______alotoftreeslastnight.8)Nextmonththeywillbring________aneweditionofthebook.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料(down,in,back,about,up,up,down,out)4.callon号召，拜访（某人）callat拜访、参观（某地）callfor去叫某人,要求,需要callup使回忆起,征召入伍callin召集，请某人来callout大喊，高叫calloff取消，不举行1)Doctorsareoftencalled_____inthemiddleofthewar.2)Pleasewaitformeathome.I"llcall_______youatyourhouseatseventonight.3)Thetrainscalls_______severalbigcitiesbetweenBeijingandGuangzhou.4)Hecalledhername__________,butshedidn"tanswer.5)Thesportsmeetwascalled____onaccountoftherain.(in,for,at,out,off)5.comeabout发生，出现comedown下跌，落，降，传下来comein进来comeinto(sight/being/existence/use/notice/effect)comeon来临/快点comeout出版，结果是comealong一道来，赶快cometo达到(anend/anagreement/astop)苏醒，合计，总共是comeover走过来comeup发芽，走近comeacross偶然碰到comeback回想起comefrom来自，源自1)Icome_________thebookIlentyoulastmonth.2)Howdiditcome_________thatyoubothgotlost?Ithoughtyouhadamap.3)Itsuddenlycame_________tomewhereIhadseentheboybefore.4)Come__________now,orelseweshallbelate.5)Hecame__________melikeatiger.6)Thepriceofpetrolhascome_________sincethebeginningofthisyear.7)Thewordcame__________usemanyyearsago.8)Whentheexaminationresultcame_________,hehadalreadygotajob.9)Thebillcame__________overathousanddollars.10)Isowedtheseedsoveramonthago,buttheyhaven"tcome__________yet.(for,about,back,on,at,down,into,out,to,up)6.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料cutacross抄近路cutdown砍倒，削减cutoff切断，割掉，断绝关系cutup连根拔除，切碎through剪断，凿穿cutout删（省）掉，戒掉cutin插嘴1)Don"tcut___thistree.Itwillbeveryshadyinsummer.2)Youmustcut________thenumberofcigarettesyousmoke,oritwillcauseillness.3)Wedecidedtocut_________themoor（旷野）tothevillage.4)Cuttingthetree____meanscuttingthetreeintopieces.5)Theelectricitywascut___________whentheladyrefusedtopaythebill.6)WewerehavingapleasantconversationwhenTomcut__________.（down,down,across,up,off,in）7.dieof(disease/hunger/grief/oldage)死于（疾病，饥饿，寒冷，情感原因）diefrom死于（意外事故、情形）dieaway渐渐消逝dieout绝种diedown(炉火)渐熄dieoff逐一死去8.fallbehind落后falloverone"sfeet跌跤falldown掉下，跌倒fallback撤退，后退1)Babiesoftenfall_____whentheyarelearningtowalk.2)Ourteamseemstohavefallen__________theothers.3)Assoonastheenemiesfell__________,thepeoplereturnedtotheirvillage.4)Shefell__________thebenchandhadherlegbroken.（down,behind,back,over）9.goinfor从事，喜爱，参加gothrough通过，经受goover复习，检查goup（价格）上涨，建造起来goafter追捕，追赶goagainst违反goahead先行，开始吧，问吧，说吧goaway离开goby时间过去godown下沉，降低，（日、月）西沉otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料goon(with)继续进行gowith相配，陪同gowithout没有，缺少goout外出，熄灭goallout全力以赴gooff爆炸，进行，变坏，断电，停止供应gobackon背约，食言gobeyond超出1)Manynewfactorieshavegone__inthepastfewyears.2)Rentshavegone__________greatlyrecently.3)Manyyearshavegone___________sincewefirstmet.4)Let"scontinueourjourneyuntilthesungoes_______.5)Hisactionswent___________thewillofthepeople,6)Ican"tdoit,foritgoes___________myduty.7)Over100studentswent____________thisentranceexamination.8)Thebombwent____________andkilledtenpeople.9)Thebuyerwent___________thecarcarefullybeforereachingadecision.10)Thistiedoesn"tgo___________myblueshirt.11)Ifyouthinkyoucansolvetheproblem,go______.12)Manystudentswent__________playingbasketball.(up,up,by,down,against,beyond,through,off,over,with,ahead,infor)10.getdown下来，记下，使沮丧getdownto致力于，专心于geton进展，进步，穿上，上车getoff脱下,下车getin收集，插（话）getaway逃跑，逃脱，去休假getover忘记，越过，克服，从疾病中恢复getalongwith进展，相处getup起床getthrough打通电话，完成，通过getround消息传开getclosetosth.接近，几乎getinto(trouble)getto(know)getback取回，收回getout1)ShespokesofastthatIcouldn"tget____whathesaid.2)Wewillfindwaystoget_________difficulties.3)Thestoryhasgot__________,andeveryoneknowsaboutit.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料4)WhenIget_________withthereport,I"llgotothecinema.5)Afteradeliciousmealthetwomengot__________tobusiness.6)Don"talwaysget__________awordwhenothersarespeaking.7)Ittookmealongtimetoget___________suchanunpleasantexperience.(down,over,round,through,down,in,over)11.giveaway赠送，泄露，出卖giveout发出，疲劳，分发，公布giveoff发出（光、热、气体）givein(tosb.)屈服giveup放弃，让（座位）1)Hisaccentatlastgavehim__________.2)Theliquidgave________astrongsmell.3)Theheadmastergave___________thenamesoftheprize-winners.4)Thesoldiersgave_________thetowntotheenemies.5)Whowillhelpmetogivethebooks___________?6)Don"tbelieveinthosewhogivehisfriends________.7)Afteralongwalk,mystrengthgave____________.(away,off,out,up,out,away,out)12.handin交上，提交handout分发handdown流传，遗传13.hangabout闲逛hangup挂电话14.holdback阻止，隐瞒holdup举起，使停顿holdon别挂电话，等，坚持holdout持续，坚持，伸出holddown控制，镇压1)I"msureheisholdingsomething_________.2)Shemanagedtohold______heremotionuntilherguestshadleft.Thenshecried.3)Tellhimtohold________amoment.I"llcomesoon.4)Ourfoodsupplywon"thold_________formorethanafewdays.5)Thetrainwasheld________asaresultofthefloods.6)Thesemeasureshelpedtohold___________thecity"spopulation.7)Hold___________yourleftarm,please.(back,back,on,out,up,down,up)otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料15.keepup(courage,English,spirits)保持，keepupwith跟上keepoff(grass)不接近，离开keepawayfrom避开，不接近，离…远远的keepoutofkeepto(rules,promise)坚持，遵守keepon继续，坚持下来keepback阻止，留下，隐瞒，扣下keepfrom克制，阻止1)Theangryladytoldthestrangerstokeep________fromher.2)Icanhardlykeep________mytearsafterhearinghiswords.3)Onlypridekepther__________burstingintotears.4)Icanscarcelykeep__________askinghimwhathehasdone.5)"Don"ttouchme,"screamedthewoman,"Keep__________!"6)Keep_________untilyousucceed.7)Keep_________yourcourage,andyou"llsucceedintheend.8)Thethickcoatcankeepthecold___________.9)Alwaystrytokeep___________theruleswhenyouplayagame.10)Ican"tkeep________witheverythingyou"redoing.(away,back,from,from,off,on,up,out,to,up)16.knockat/on敲knockinto撞到某人身上knockdown撞倒knockoutof把…敲出knockover撞倒knockoff停止工作，休息1)Theboxersoonknockedhisopponent_________.2)Theofficestuffknocks_________atsixeveryday.3)Tryknocking__________thewindowandseeifthereisanyoneindoors.4)Hewassoabsorbedinhisbookthatheknocked__________thecarparkedthere.(down,off,on,into)17.leavefor离开前往leaveout删去，遗漏leavebehind遗留,忘记拿走leaveto留给，遗嘱赠于leaveover遗留，剩下，延期1)"Whosenamehasbeenleft__________?"demandedtheteacher.2)Whenhedied,heleftallhisproperty_____hisniece.3)Hesuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthisumbrella___________.4)Don"tleavethismatter_________untiltomorrow.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料5)Leavesomemeat___________fortomorrow.6)Thosearequestionsleft_________byhistory.(out,to,behind,over,over,over)18.lookup查找，向上看lookthrough翻阅，浏览lookon旁观lookon…as看作lookinto调查lookafter/at/for照顾/看/寻找lookout(for)当心lookabout/around/round四下查看lookdownupon瞧不起lookbackupon回忆，回顾lookab.upanddown仔细打量某人lookabintheface/eyes直视某人1)Ispenttwohourslooking______thestudents"papers.2)Look_______!Thereisabigholeinfront.3)Hetookpartinthegame,andtherestofusjustlooked______andcheeredforhim.4)Theoldmanlooked_____uponthedaysofhisyouth.5)Shewassosnobbish（势利）thatshelooked__________uponallhisneighbours.6)Thepolicepromisedtolook__________thecaseassoonaspossible.7)Helooked__________butsawnobody,andhelistenedbuthearnothing.(through,out,on,back,down,into,about/around/round)19.makeup编造，配制，打扮，组成makeupfor弥补makeinto/of/from制成makeout弄懂，发现，看出,填写，开列（清单）makefor走向，驶往，促使1)Canyoumakethislengthofcloth__________asuit?2)Iaskedthedriverifhewasmaking___________London?3)Myfathermade__________acheckformetobuythecamera.4)Wemustmaketheloss_________nextweek./Hetriedhardtomake________forthedamagehehaddone.5)Hemade__________astory,whichIfoundhardtobelieve.6)Someoneiscoming,butIcan"tmake___________whoitis.(into,for,out,up/up,up,out)20.passaway去世passby经过passdown(on)…to传给otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料passthrough经历passover漠视，忽视1)Theoldclockhasbeenpassed________tomefrommygrandfather"sgrandfather.2)Themanpassed___________lastweekinpeace.3)Wearepassing____________difficulttimes.4)Thesecretarypassed___________thedetailsinthefirstpartofhisreport.(down,away,through,over)21.payback还钱，报复payfor付钱，为…受到惩罚，因…得到报应payoff还清1)Howmuchdidyoupay__________thedictionary?2)Youshouldpay_________themoneyyouborrowedfromme.3)I"llpayhim____________forallhiscrimes(罪行)againstme.4)Someday,you"llpay__________whatyouhavedonetoday.5)Hasshepay____________thedebtyet?（for,back,back,for,off）22.pickup拾起，获得(information)，接人，站起，收听，自然习得(language/knowledge)，恢复重获(pickuphealth)pickout挑选，辨认，看出1)Ipickedtheinformation__________whilewaitinginthequeue.2)Myfriendhasarrangedtopickme_________at6:00.3)Thepatienthaspicked_________healthduringthelasttwoweeks.4)Shepicked_______themostexpensivepairofshoes.5)Ican"tpickJohn___________inthecrowd.6)CanIpick__________VOAwiththisshort-waveradio?Hefelldownsuddenly,butpickedhimself___________quickly.1)(up,up,up,out,out,up,up)pickcotton/flower/leaves/words选词23.putup搭起，张贴，举起，安装，投宿，安排住下putupwith忍受putout伸出，扑灭putoff推迟putinto放进，翻译putaway放好，存钱putdown记下，平息puton穿戴，上映，增加(putonweight/speed)putforward提出，提前putthrough接通电话putaside放到一边putback放回1)Heput_________halfhiswageeveryweek.2)Thegovernmentsoonput__________therevolt（暴乱）.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料3)Putyourwatch__________.It"sslow.4)Heput__________hishandformetoshake.5).Pleaseputme__________toExtension（分机）2.6)Weput___________fornightatthevillageinn.7)Heisveryproud,andheoftenput_________airs.（摆架子）8)Wehadatelephoneput_____________inouroffice.9)Ican"tput__________withyourlaziness.(away,down,forward,out,through,up,on,up,up)24.pulldown拆掉，推翻pullon匆匆穿上/off脱pullin进站pullout取出,(火车)离站pulldown往下拉,拆毁pullover驶到一边pullthrough恢复健康,渡过难关,脱离险境pullup（使）停住1)Thetrainslowlypulled__________anddisappearedinthedistance.2)Alltheoldhousesherehavenowbeenpulled______,andnewonesaretobebuilt.3)Thecarpulled_________whenIblewthehorn.4)Thedoctorthinksthemanwillpull__________.5)Thedriverpulled________atthetrafficlights.(out,down,over,through,up)25.pushover推倒，刮倒pushahead(on,forward)继续前进，坚持下去pushthrough排除困难办好谋事，努力设法通过，挤过1)We"vedecidedtopush__________withourplantobuildanewroad2)Manytreeswerepushed__________inthehurricane.3)Theyweredeterminedtopushthenewrules________atanycost..4)Takecarenottopushthebaby_________.5)Theypushed___________thecrowdandatlastreachedus.(on,over,through,over,through)26.runacross偶然碰到runafter追逐，追捕runaway逃跑runfor竞选runinto偶然碰到（困难）遇见（人），相撞runoutof用完1)Ifyoudrivesofast,you"llrun_________someonesomeday.2)Iran__________afriendofmineintheexhibition.3)Ourwaterhasrun__________.Canyoufillupsomemorebottles?4)Whydoyoualwaysrun__________adventure?otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料5)Hedidn"twanttorun___________presidentthatyear.6)Inthatwayyouwillonlyrun__________difficulties.(into,across/into,out,after,for,into)27.seeoff送行seethrough看透，识破seeto照料，照管28.sendfor派人去请sendoff送行sendout发出（光亮）等sendup发射29.setup建立setoff出发，触发，引起setout动身，着手(todo)，陈述setabout开始着手(doing)settowork(n.)开始做setback拨回，使推迟1)Ishallsetmywatch___________byfiveminutes.2)Weset__________readingthetextaloudimmediatelythebellrang.3)Weset_________atdaybreakyesterdayandwe"vebeentravellingeversincethen.4)Iset__________toadvisehimnottodrink.5)Whatwerethereasonsheset___________inhisreport?6)Thepresidentset__________aspecialgroupofsoldierstoguardhim.7)Theunpopularlawset_________aseriesofprotests.（抗议）(back,about,off/out,out,out,up,off)30.takeoff脱掉，起飞takeon呈现雇佣takeaway拿走takein吸收，领会takeup从事，占用（时间空间）takedown记录，取下takeback收回takefor误认为takealong随身带takeover接管takeout1)Itake_________allIsaidabouthisdishonesty.2)Hewenttotheshelfandtook__________abookofpoems.3)AtfirstItookhim_________adoctor.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料4)Icanseethatmostofyouhavetaken________everythingthattheteachertaught.5)Billhasnowtaken__________hisfather"sbusiness.6)Myjobtakes__________mostofmytime.7)Thebosstook____________twentypeopleforhisnewcompany.(back,down,for,in,over,up,on)takechargeof负责,takesth.forgranted想当然,takeholdof抓住,takepridein以………为自豪,taketheplaceof,代替taketurnstodo轮流做,takeoffice就职31.thinkof想起thinkof…as把…看作thinkout想出thinkup想出thinkabout考虑thinkover仔细考虑thinkwellofsb.对某人看法好32.turnoff/on打开turnover翻身，反复考虑，翻（书页），翻转turnout证明为，结果，制造成品turnto转向，求助turndown调低，拒绝turnagainst变得敌视，反对turnaway打发走，驱逐，转过脸去turnback返回，转回去turnround转过身来turnup向上翻，露面，出现，音量调大turnin上缴turnupsidedown把倒置，弄得乱七八糟1)Thechildturned__________itsmotherforcomfort.2)Turn___________andletmeseeyourface.3)Howevermuchheturnedtheproblem________inmind,hecouldfindnosatisfactorysolution.4)TheEnglisheveningpartyturned_________agreatsuccess.5)Thesightoftheaccidentwastoomuchforhertobear,andsheturned_______.6)Thefootballstadiumwasfull,andmanypeoplehadtobeturned__________.7)Thearmyturnedhim___________onaccountof(因为)hispoorhealth.8)Sheturnedthewholehouse___________inhersearchforhermissingpurse.9)Wheredidyourpurseturn____________?Ifounditinthesnow.10)Thevillagerssuddenlyturned__________theforeignerswholivednearby.11)Thefactoryturns____________2000newcarslastyear.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料(to,round,over,out,away,away,down,upsidedown,up,against,out)习题答案及部分解释第一章，名词部分习题解答1，D，根据谓语动词eat可以得知主语为复数，A，B，C三个答案均为单数形式，D答案sheep单数同形D2，C,如果前面是woman或者man作修饰名词时，这个名词的前后两个名词均要变复数,所以可以排除B，根据句意是让他儿子去试一下说明医院需要的是男医生，所以选C3，C，leaf的复数形式是leaves4，B，根据“vegetables”可以排除A，C，potato的复数形式是potatoes5，C,Lily’sandLucy’sbike指的是他们两人的车，是两辆车，故选C6，A，根据句意识我家很穷，因此这里的family指的是家这个整体概念，而不是家庭成员，因此选A7，C，句意是他们决定和他们的妻子去远足，因此妻子在这里要用复数wives8C,notonly….butalso…连接两部分作主语的时候谓语动词采用就近原则9，B10，B，Anumberof+复数名词做主语谓语动词用复数，故选B第二章冠词部分习题解答填空1．a；an；the2．2．a；an。第一个空的a是泛指，第二个空的an是指“一小时”。3．3．An；a。这两个空都是泛指，故都用不定冠词。4．4．The；the；a。前两个空都是特指，故填the；后一个空中的a相当于every或each，threetimesaday意为“一天三次”。5．5．a。gooutforawalk意为“出去散步”。6．6．the7．7．a；The。前者泛指，后者特指。8．8．The；the。第一个空用the表示太阳是世界上独一无二的物体；第二个空用the是因为在方位词的前面一般用定冠词。9．9．The；the，×。第一空用the是因为在河流名称的前面用定冠词；第二空用the是因为在形容词最高级前面用定冠词；第三空“零”冠词是因为专有名词前一般不加冠词。10．a。asecondtime意为“再一次”、“另一次”。thesecondtime意为“第二次”。此句填a是表示动作的重复，而不能用the（表顺序）。11．the；the。第一个the是特指美国的首都。第二个the是在由普通名词构成的专有名词前应加定冠词。12．The。“the＋姓氏的复数”表示“一家人”或“夫妻二人”。由普通名词构成的专有名词前应加the。13．the；×。表示在某一年的季节名称前应加定冠词。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料1．Thea；×；×。在球类名称前不加冠词。泛指的三餐名称前不加冠词。2．a。三餐名称前若有形容词，则可在形容词前加冠词，此处是泛指，故用a。3．×；×；×；×。此句意为“农民养羊是为了产毛和肉吗？”前两个空也可填定冠词，意为：“那些农民养的那些羊是为了产毛和肉吗？”4．the；the。普通名词构成的专有名词前应加the。5．×；the。TV前不加冠词。“早、午、晚”名词前加冠词。6．The；×；×。第一空是特指。日期名词前不加冠词。7．×；a8．×。学科名称前一般不加冠词。9．×；×。gotoschool上学。bybike骑自行车。10．×；×。指示代词不能与定冠词连用。11．×。注意news是不可数名词，故不能加a。II．单选1．B。第一空是泛指；第二空的one是不定代词，用以替代前面的ruler。2．A3．C。这是一句谚语，意思是“一天吃一个苹果，用不着看医生。”4．C。one强调数量，用以回答“Howmany．．．？”问句；第二个空是泛指，故用an。5．A。one虽以元音字母开头，但以辅音音素［w］开头，故填a。6．C。此句意为：“这只老虎来自中国。”7．B。在“太阳、月亮、地球”的前面一般都加定冠词the；atnight“在夜晚”，注意该短语中没有冠词。8,C9．A。“s”虽为辅音字母，但却以元音音素［e］开头，故填an。10．D。第一个空填the，是特指那个“白发老太太”；第二个空不填冠词，是因为在语言名称前面一般不加冠词。English后面如有language，就得说theEnglishlanguage。“在会议上”应为atthemeeting。11．B。theGreatWall长城。12．C。第一个空是泛指，用a；第二个空是河流名称，故用the。13．B。第一个空：“那边的那个妇女”，是特指；第二个空是指那个妇女的身份、职业，是泛指。14．D。第一个空是泛指；第二个空用“零冠词”是因为turn后面的名词前一般都不加冠词。15．D。表示某人的职位时可用“零冠词”。16．B17．A18．A。afterschool放学以后。19．D。thedaybeforeyesterday前天。20．B21．B。第一空泛指，第二空特指。22．A。两个空都是泛指。23．C24．C25．D26．D27．D,intheeastof在某地区（内）的东部。28．A,twoandahalfyears也可说成twoyearsandahalf，意思都是“两年半”。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料29.D30.A,halfanhour半小时，bybus乘公共汽车第三章代词部分习题答案Ⅰ.1—5AAADD6—10ACADD11—15BCABC16—20BBBACⅡ.1.my,them,me2.yours,his,mine3.something,anything4.himselfmyself5.All,BothⅢ.1.areboth2.Nothing3.Everyone,has4.bothsides或each(either)side5.some6.Neitherdid7.alittle,little8.another9.him,he,himself10.Both,andⅣ.1.D2.B3.C4.A5.B6.B7.B8.B9.D10.C11.D12.C13.D14.C15.D16.A17.B18.B19.B20.B第四章形容词副词部分练习题1.选A，too…to…结构除用于“too+形容词或副词+todosth”外，也可用于“too+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+todosth”。2.选B，itcan’tbeworse相当于It’stheworstthingIeverknew。3.选B，average意为“平常的”、“普通的”。4.选B，similar指“相似”，familiar指“熟悉”。5.选A，此处的fool虽为名词，但具有形容词的性质，相当于foolish。6.选B。虽然quite,rather,much均可用于加强语气，但是修饰比较级或副词too(太)时，只能用rather或much，而不用quite。7.选D。第一个look是实义动词(注意与之搭配的介词at)，第二个look是连系动词。8.选C。多个形容词共同修饰一个名词时，它们的位置遵循这样的原则：描绘形容词—大小（长短高低）形容词—形状形容词—年龄（新旧）形容词—颜色形容词—国籍形容词—材料形容词—用途（类别）形容词—名词（动名词）。9.选A。做对此题要注意两点：一是修饰something,anything,nothing等复合不定代词的形容词，应置于被修饰语之后；二是副词enough修饰形容词或副词时也应置于被修饰语之后。10.选C。wrong修饰nothing，seriously修饰wrong。11.选C。still修饰active，置于其前；而副词enough修饰形容词或副词时应置于被修饰语之后。12.选B。that在此作副词不是代词，用法相当于so。其余三者填入空格处语意不通。13.选B。14.选A。15.选C。第一空填freely，意为“自由地”；第二空填free，意为“免费地”。16.选A。close与closely的区别是：指实际距离近，用close；指抽象意义，用closely。17.选B。首先应弄清secondtonone的意思，照字面理解是“对谁都不是第二”，言外之意就是“第一”，或者说是“最好”。再联系句中的but可知，选项B最恰当。18.选B，由于是两个房间，即是两者比较，故宜用比较级，因此排除C和D；又由于两句之间没有连词，故不宜选A。注：若在空格前加上and一词，则要选A。19.选B。此题关键是要理解Notatall的意思。根据上文语境，Notatall为Iamnotsatisfiedatallwithhisanswer之省略，即表示“我对他的回答一点也不满意”，既然如此，他的回答当然会是Itcouldn’thavebeenworse（不可能更糟）。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料20.选C，句意为“我的算术比琼差，但我的历史比她强”。注意句中的转折连词but及其后的better。21.选A，wecouldn’thavepickedaworstday实际意思是itistheworstdaywe’vepicked。22.选A，abetter为abetterone之省略。另外，abetterone（一个更好的）是与其前文“我知道这不是一个很适合的词”相呼应的。23.选A。根据空格后的than，排除B和D；根据语境，排除C。24.选D。more后不能比较级，故排除A；quite除用于quitebetter外，不用于修饰比较，故排除B；very不用修饰比较级，故排除C。25.选A。若选B或C均不合事实；若选D，不合语法，因为few后要接可数名词的复数形式。26.选B。从句意看，空格处应填比较级bigger，因此排除A和C。选项B与D的区别是，一个用了不定冠词，一个用了定冠词，两者的区别是，不定冠词表泛指，定冠词表特指。27.选D。由于是将有考试与没有考试作比较，所以应用比较级，不用最高级，由此排除A和C。选B的错误在于用了morehappier这样的双重比较级（more后不能再加比较级）。28.选B。修饰as…as的副词应置于该结构之前。29.【答案】B从比较级的结构上，可看出选项C、D错误，应予以排除；根据句子的意义，选项A(与其悲伤，倒不如有一点)意思不完整；因此答案选B，more表示程度。句子的意思是：Lizzie在机场给朋友送别时有些悲伤。30.【答案】D选项A的意思是：然而，而又，也，还；B是：甚至；C是：相反地，更确切地，颇，相当；D是：就，正好，刚好。根据句子意思：如果你明天不能来，那么会议就推迟到下周召开。故答案选D。31.【答案】A考查多个形容词作定语的排序。总括性形容词a11／both／no要放在最前面，而half一般要放在冠词或形容词性物主代词之前。据此，答案选A。32.【答案】D选项A表示某种超出了人们能接受的程度；选项B只能修饰形容词或副词，而不能修饰动词；选项C表示行动的敏捷；选项D表示一个大的范围或方面。根据句子的意思，答案选D，意思是：这个项目之所以取得成功．在很大的程度上是由于当地商人的支持。33.【答案】A根据英语表示数字的大小的习惯，排除选项B、D；根据下manyticketsleft的意思，答案选A。34.【答案】B多个形容词作定语时的位置关系，请看分类说明中的解释(总限观，大形龄，色国材，目的用途名词前)。而large表大小，white表颜色，German表国籍。35.【答案】A多个形容词作定语的位置关系请参看前面的分类说明。ten(数词，表限制)，strong(描绘性形容词，感官)，young(年龄)，Chinese(国籍)，由此，答案选A。36.【答案】A本题考查多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序排列。答案为A。37.【答案】Bpractical：切合实际的。全句意为：当我们计划我们的假日时，妈妈常提出切合实际的建议。故B为正确答案。38.【答案】A根据语境，句子暗含一个比较状语，Mary一直称体重看比前一次重多少，much修饰比较级。39.【答案】Cbut后是个省略句，可补充为：butofcoursehedon’tspeak_____anativespeaker．由此可知，空里需要的是个能修饰动词的副词，故排除A、B。而D应该用比较级。故C为正确答案。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料40.【答案】Atraditional传统的；historic历史的；remote遥远的；initial最初的。由题意可知，A为正确答案。41.【答案】Caccidentally偶然地；purposefully故意地；obviously明显地；formally正式地。由Mostpeople可知，答案为C。42.【答案】B此题考查副词的用法。选项B表“几乎不”；选项A意思是：相当，颇；C意思是：几乎、差不多；而D表不常做。根据前句must可知：此句表示推测，后句表示前句所推测的依据。那么，选项A、C、D均与句子意思不符。因此答案选B。意思是：我肯定发胖了，因为我的裤子几乎穿不进去了。43.【答案】B选项A强调情况、问题的严重性或严肃性；B强调“量”多，次数频繁；C表示方式不好或情况严重；D表示程度差或次数少。根据连接词but，可排除选项A、C；再根据句意，故答案选B。44.【答案】C根据句子中的破折号，排除选项A；根据句子的意思，后一句是对前一句的补充，进一步强调是Everyone，因此答案选c。句子的意思是：所有的人都准时到会了——甚至连Chris这个做任何事都要迟到10分钟的人都准时来了。45.【答案】B这是一个省略句，根据上文，全句应该是：I’veseensomething________．由此可见，本句是用形容词来修饰不定代词。上文的内容notveryfrightening显然是对Paul的安慰，接着提出了一个更可怕的事情，意思是：听起来，那还不很可怕，我见过更可怕的事情呢。46.【答案】B修饰名词worker应用形容词，efficient的比较级是moreefficient。47.【答案及解析】A作状语修饰句子时，用副词形式，排除c、D；enough修饰形容词、副词时，需放在所修饰的词的后面。48.【答案】A考查副词修饰形容词。much可作形容词和副词，当作副词时不可修饰原级形容词，但可修饰副词too；作为副词的too则可修饰原级形容词，即muchtoo+形容词“实在太……；非常……”。而toomuch“太多；过分”可修饰不可数名词、动词或单独使用作表语，两者意义大相径庭。该句用muchtoo修饰heavy，构成too．．．to结构，故选A。译文：阙为箱子太重了，Mien难以一路搬回家，所以只好租了辆出租车。49.【答案】B本题考查as．．．as结构，前一个as是副词，用来修饰形容词；后一个as是连词，用来连接比较状语从句，其正确语序为asbigahouseas。另外注意：same在这里是形容词，不能修饰形容词或副词，所以C、D错误。50，【答案】Dso和such都有“如此”的意思，但so修饰形容词，正确词序是：soanxiousarush。such修饰名词，正确词序是：suchallanxiousrush。51.【答案】D否定词not／no／never+too／enough结构表示“再怎么……也不过分”或“越……越好”。译文：在街上(骑自行车)你越小心越好。52.【答案】B从题意看，look在这里是系动词(看上去，看起来)后应加形容词，四个选项的词性均符合，但good是指人品好坏或东西好坏；strong则表示结实、强壮，与题意不符；healthy“健康的，健壮的”；well可作形容词和副词，作形容词时表示“健康的；气色好”，用于修饰人。53.【答案】A三者或三者以上相比较用最高级，其形式为“the+形容词最高级”。54.【答案】A长、宽、高及年龄等作定语修饰名词时位置可在前也可在后，在前面时要注意加连字符“．”，其中单位名词用单数，其形式为：数字一单位名称单数长、宽、高等。如放在后面，不用连字符，数词大于1要用复数。从题干看，800米远的比赛应为800-meter-long。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料55.【答案】Aaslongas表示时间或物体的长度，或作连词，意思是“只要”：assoonas表示“……•就……”；asmuchas和asmanyas都表示数量多达……，但前者修饰不可数名词或表程度，而后者则修饰可数名词。56.【答案】Bhavebrains意思是“有头脑，有智慧”，根据上下文的意思，下文中的anyoneintheclass与上文中Boris进行比较，选项A不是比较级，而选项D是最高级，因此都应排除；选项C指两者中一个智商更高的人，与题意不符；选项B指三者或三者以上的人中一个智商更高的人，与题意相符。57.【答案】Apresent作形容词的意思是“出席的，在场的”。通常用presentattheparty，presentatthemeeting。译文：参加聚会的人都是他的支持者。58.【答案】A先根据动词的搭配关系，可排除c、D两个选项；选项A可作动词、形容词或副词，作副词时，意思是“近地，靠近，接近”；而选项B也是副词，它是由close+ly而来，意思是“亲密地，密切地”。再根据句子的意思，选出正确答案A。译文：天下着大雨，LittleMary感到很冷，所以她紧紧站在母亲身旁。59.【答案】B从所提供的情境themoreyoulearn，并结合所给的选项可以确定这是“the+形容词(副词)的比较级+陈述句，the+形容词(副词)的比较级+陈述句”句型，表示“越……越……”。译文：我认为，教育是关于学习的事，你学得越多，你对生活准备得就越充分。themoreequippedforlm的意思是“对生活有充分的准备”。60.【答案】Dpleased“感到高兴；感到满意”，常用来形容人，bepleasedwithsth；pleasant“令人愉快的”，常用来形容物，apleasantsmell“香味”。61.【答案】Cinfact常用来表示与上文不相符的某件事；luckily常用来表示一种好的结果；unfortunately常用来表示一种不好的结果；naturally表示一种理所当然的结果。根据下文的意思，只有选项C正确。62.【答案】D不论哪种形式的比较级，其修饰词均应放在前面。Morethantwice表示数量，放在as…as结构前的意思是“是……的两倍多”。译文：美国人现在每人所吃的蔬菜是1910年的两倍多。63.【答案】D在as／so…as…结构中，第一个as／so是副词，后接形容同；第二个as是连接词，后接句子。其正确语序为asmuchanartas。译文：人们普遍相信，教学像科学一样是一门艺术。64.【答案】C“the+比较级…，the+比较级．．．”的意思是“越……越……”。由于选项A、B和D的词序都不对，故排除。译文：近年来，旅游公司成功地向我们推销了这样一个观点：我们走得越远，我们的假期过得越好。65.【答案】Asuch与no，some，many，one，two等词连用时的顺序是：no，man),，one等词+such+名词。no等于nota，放在名词前修饰名词，表示否定。选项C若改为notsucha就正确。译文：据我所知，周围没有这样的汽车。答案为A。66.【答案】A根据句意，很多人已在帮着提供罐装食品，however又告诉人们这还不够，意思是说：食品储库需要更多(不仅是cannedfood)，因此要用比较级，more最合适。答案为A。67.【答案】Botherthan多用于否定词之后，等于except、but(表示所说的不包括在内)后边的动词为todo，如前面有do和nothing时，to省略。此句意是：在那种情况下，你除了等待别无它法。68.【答案】D依句意，选出正确答案．应为“简单的”。从surprised可知因对方被如此简单的花招愚弄而感到吃惊。69.【答案】Cstudents为名词作主语。单个形容词作定语，则应放在名词的前面；较长的形容词短语修饰名词时～般要放在后面。enough为副词，放在形容词或副词的后面。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料70.【答案】Despecially特别地。从句意看出应填especially，强调不会说那个国家的语言会感到更加困难。extremely极端地；naturally自然地；basically基本上。71.【答案】A表示数量增加的结构有：another+数词+名词；数词+more／other+名词，意思是：另外，又有。another的意思是“再一，又……”。在一般情况下，another后接单数名词，但如果复数名词前有具体的数字，也可以和another连用。more放在数字前时，正确的形式是molethan，意思是“……多个”。答案为A。72.【答案】Btoonear的意思是“太近了”，说话人的意图是让对方站得比这远一点，所以要用副词的比较级。译文：你站得太靠近镜头了。你能离远一点吗?abitof后接名词。第五章介词部分习题答案1.1-7BAAAAAB　　　　　　　　16.1-4AAAB2.1-3CCB　　　　　　　　　　　　17.1-4CBBD3.1-4BBBB　　　　　　　　　　　18.1-4BBBB4.1-6CADBAD　　　　　　　　　19.1-4ABBB5.1-4BDBA　　　　　　　　　　　20.1-5AADCD6.1-7BABBACA　　　　　　　　21.1-5DCCA7.1-4CBBC　　　　　　　　　　　22.1-7BADBCAA8.1-3BAA　　　　　　　　　　　　23.1-3DCC9.1-4AAAA　　　　　　　　　　　24.1-6CABCAD10.1-4BADC　　　　　　　　　　　25.1-6DCAAAB11.1-3ABC　　　　　　　　　　　　26.1-6AADBBD12.1-4AACB　　　　　　　　　　　27.1-3CAA13.1-3BDB　　　　　　　　　　　　28.1-4BCCB14.1-5BDABA　　　　　　　　　　29.1-6BCACAC15.1-4CDAB第六章动词部分习题答案1—5DDCBA6—10BDCDC11—15CCDBB16—20DCDBD21—25CDCAC26—30DCCDC31—35BDADB36—40CBACA41—45DCCBC46—50ACCDC51—54BBDB第七章情态动词部分练习题答案1—5CADCB6—10ADCDC11—15BDDCD16—20DAACB21—25BACAD26—30CCDBD31—35CDCDC36—42BBDCDBA第八章非谓语动词部分练习题答案1、A2、B3、C4、A5、D6、C7、A8、A9、D10、B11、D12、A13、B14、C15、A16、C17、A18、C19、A20、A21、C22、A23、C24、DotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料25、C26、D27、C28、C29、A30、C31、A32、C33、B34、C35、C36、A37、D38、B39、B40、A41、C42、D43、C44、B45、B46、C47、A48、B49、B50、A51、C52、A53、C54、A55、C56、A57、C58、C59、C60、D61、A62、A63、A64、D65、B66、C67、D68、A69、C70、D71、B72、A73、B74、D75、A76、A77、B78、D79、C80、D第九章，定语从句部分习题答案1B2B3B4D5A6C7C8A9C10C11A12D13C14A15B16B17A18A19D20D21C22B23A24C25C26C27A28D29A30B31D32D33D34A35B36B37A38A39B40A41C42C43C44B45B46C47C48B49A50A51D52D53B54B55A第十章，名词性从句部分习题答案1C2B3D4C5D6A7B8B9A10B11B12C13D14D15B16B17B18B19C20A21B22B23A24C25B26C27D28C29B30A第十一章，状语从句部分习题答案Ⅰ、1、B2、C3、B4、A5、D6、D7、B8、A9、B10、B11、B12、A13、B14、A15、B16、D17、B18、B19、C20、B21、B22、A23、A24、B25、C26、D27、A28、A29、B30、B31、C32、D33、A34、D35、B36、C37、A38、C39、A40、A41、A42、B43、C44、B45、C46、B47、B48、C49、B50、A51、C52、A53、B54、D55、B56、C57、B58、C59、B60、DⅡ、1、even后加if2、when—while3、minute—moment4、whenever—wherever5、if—whether6、when—since7、that去掉或改为when8、though—because9、since—as10、then—when11、ago去掉12、but去掉13、any后加other14、Ö15、order后加that16、wherever—whenever17、第一个comes—willcome（宾从时态不限）18、that—whereotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料19、more去掉20、such—so第十二章，倒装句部分习题答案Ⅰ、1、B2、C3、A4、A5、B6、C7,C8、B9、D10、B11、B12、D13、A14,A15、C16,A17、C18、B19、B20、C21,C22、C23、B24,A25、A26、A27、D28,B29、C30、A31、B32、B33、B34、D35、D36、A37、A38、C39、A40、AⅡ、41、washe—hewas倒装主句不倒装从句。42、Sheknew—didsheknow此句为半倒装句。43、areyou—youare此句为全部倒装句如主语是代词则不倒装。44、was—were主语是dogs。45、sowecan主语we与上一句中的主语you所指相同故不同倒装。46、doyou—dareyou前面句中用情态，后面要呼应。47、hekept—didhekeep48、hehas—hashe49、Ö50、去掉does，将understand改为understands。only后面跟状语倒装，后跟主语不倒装。第十三章，虚拟语气部分习题答案1、B2、A3、A4、B5、A6、D7、C8、C9、B10、D第十四章，并列句部分习题答案一、1、or2、and3、still/yet4、when,or5、but6、for7、when8、while9、Either,or10、however11、Notonly,but12、so13、therefore14、nor15、or二、16、D17、B18、D19、A20、C21、A22、C23、A24、A25、D26、B27、D28、A29、A30、C31、B32、B33、C34、A35、B36、D37、C38、D39、C40、A三、41、去掉but或改为yet42、去掉so43、he前加does；works－work44、because－for45、nor－or46、or—and47、however—but48去掉and49、去forotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand 教学资料50、去掉and或把but改为yet或stillotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand