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初一英语语法归类(人教版)一.词汇⑴单词1.介词:in,on,under,behind,near,at,of1).in表示"在……中","在……内"。例如:inourclass在我们班上inmybag在我的书包里inthedesk在桌子里intheclassroom在教室里2).on表示"在……上"。例如:onthewall在墙上onthedesk在桌子上ontheblackboard在黑板上3).under表示"在……下"。例如:underthetree在树下underthechair在椅子下underthebed在床下4).behind表示"在……后面"。例如:behindthedoor在门后behindthetree在树后5).near表示"在……附近"。例如:neartheteacher"sdesk在讲桌附近nearthebed在床附近6).at表示"在……处"。例如:atschool在学校athome在家atthedoor在门口7).of表示"……的"。例如:apictureofourclassroom我们教室的一幅画amapofChina一张中国地图2.冠词a/an/the:冠词一般位于所限定的名词前,用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式,即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前,如abook;an用在以元音音素开头的字母前,如anapple.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand
a或an与可数名词单数连用,泛指某类人或某物中的一个。Thisisacat.这是一只猫。It"sanEnglishbook.这是一本英语书。Hisfatherisaworker.他的爸爸是个工人。the既可以用在可数名词前,也可以用在不可数名词前,表示某个或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。Who"stheboyinthehat?戴帽子的男孩是谁呀?------Whatcanyouseeintheclassroom?------Icanseeabag.------Where"sthebag?------It"sonthedesk.-------你能在教室里看到什么呀?------我能看见一个书包。------书包在哪呀?------在桌子上。3.some和any①在肯定句中用some.例如:Therearesomebooksonthedesk.桌子上有一些书。Lucyhassomegoodbooks露西有一些好书。②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如:Isthereanyinkinyourpen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗?Doyouhaveanybrothersandsisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗?Thereisn"tanywaterintheglass.杯子里没有水。⑵记住它们的特殊用法。①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中,这一点我们不久就会学到。例如:Wouldyouliketohavesomeapples?你想吃苹果吗?②any也可用于肯定句中,表示"任何的"。例如:Anyoneofuscandothis.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。some和any的用法是经常出现的考点,希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand
4.familyfamily看作为一个整体时,意思是"家庭",后面的谓语动词be用单数形式is;如把family看作为家庭成员时,应理解为复数,后面的谓语动词be应用are。Myfamilyisabigfamily.我的家庭是个大家庭。Myfamilyareallathomenow.我的家人现在都在家。Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。house指"家"、"房屋",侧重居住的建筑本身。Hisfamilyareallworkers.他的家人都是工人。MyhomeisinBeijing.我的家在北京。Heisn"tathomenow.他现在不在家。It"sapictureofmyfamily.这是一张我全家的照片。5.little的用法alittledog一只小狗,alittleboy一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。*但little还可表示否定意义,意为"少的",加不可数名词。Thereislittletime.几乎没时间了。Thereislittlewaterinthecup.杯中水很少。⑵词组onthedesk在桌子上behindthechair在椅子后underthechair在椅子下面inherpencil-box在她的铅笔盒中nearthedoor在门附近apictureofaclassroom一个教室的图片lookatthepicture看这张图片theteacher"sdesk讲桌amapofChina一张中国地图familytree家谱haveaseat坐下,就坐thisway这边走二.日常用语1.Comeandmeetmyfamily.2.Goandsee.Ithinkit"sLiLei.3.Gladtomeetyou.4.Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?Icanseeaclock/somebooks.5.Canyouseeanorange?otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand
Yes,Ican./No,Ican"t.6.Where"sShenzhen?It"snearHongKong.7.Letmesee.(口语)让我想想看。see在这是"明白、懂了",不可译作"看见"。例如:8.Pleasehaveaseat.seat表示"座位",是个名词。haveaseat表示"就坐",也可以说takeaseat,和sitdown的意思相同。三.语法1.名词所有格名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系,通常用名词所有格的形式,意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式:(1).一般情况下在词尾加""s"。例如:Kate"sfatherKate的爸爸mymother"sfriend我妈妈的朋友(2).如果复数名词以s结尾,只加"""。例如:Teachers"Day教师节Theboys"game男孩们的游戏(3).如果复数名词不以s结尾,仍加""s"。例如:Children"sDay儿童节Women"sDay妇女节(4).表示两个或几个共有时,所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如:LucyandLily"sroomLucy和Lily的房间KateandJim"sfatherKate和Jim的爸爸动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加""s",而常常用介词of的短语来表示。amapofChina一幅中国地图thenameofhercat她的猫的名字apictureofmyfamily我的家庭的一张照片thedoorofthebedroom卧室的门2.祈使句祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语,读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌,常在句首或句尾加please。在句尾时,please前多用逗号。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand
(1).祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。Goandsee.去看看。Comein,please.请进。(2).祈使句的否定形式常用don"t于句首。Don"tlookatyourbooks.不要看书。Don"tplayontheroad.不要在马路上玩。3.Therebe的句子结构Therebe是一个"存在"句型,表示"有"的意思,肯定句的形式为:Therebe+名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。如:Thereisaneraserandtwopensonthedesk.桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。Therearetwopensandaneraseronthedesk.桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。(1)therebe的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。否定形式为:Therebe+not+(any)+名词+地点状语。Thereisnotanycatintheroom.房间里没猫。Therearen"tanybooksonthedesk.桌子上没书。(2)therebe句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Bethere+(any)+名词+地点状语?肯定回答:Yes,thereis/are.否定回答:No,thereisn"t/aren"t.---Isthereadoginthepicture?画上有一只狗吗?---Yes,thereis.有。---Arethereanyboatsintheriver?河里有船吗?---No,therearen"t.没有。(3)特殊疑问句:Howmany...arethere(+地点状语)?"某地有多少人或物?"回答用Therebe...There"sone./Therearetwo/three/some...有时直接就用数字来回答。One./Two...---Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroom?教室里有多少学生?---There"sonlyone./Therearenine.只有一个。/有九个。(4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+地点状语?Howmuchwateristhereinthecup?杯中有多少水?Howmuchfoodisthereinthebowl?碗里有多少食物?[名师辅导]初一英语语法概括otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand
一、词法 1、名词 A)、名词的数 我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下: 一)在后面加s。如:fathers,books,Americans,Germans,apples,bananas 二)x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如:boxes,glasses,dresses,watches,wishes,faxes 三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es如:baby-babies,family-families,duty-duties,comedy-comedies,documentary-documentaries,story-stories 2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days,boy-boys,toy-toys,key-keys,ways 四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios,photos,但如是辅音加o的加es:如:tomatoes西红柿,potatoes马铃薯 五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves,shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselves 六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish,sheep,deer鹿子,Chinese,Japanese 七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants,shorts,shoes,glasses,gloves,clothes,socks 八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察,class班,同学,family家,家庭成员 九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:actionmovie-actionmovies,penpal-penpals;但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:mandoctor-mendoctors,womanteacher-womenteachers 十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼fishes鱼的种类,paper纸papers报纸,卷子,论文,work工作works作品,工厂,glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯,眼镜,orange桔子水oranges橙子,light光线lights灯,people人peoples民族,time时间times时代,次数,chicken鸡肉chickens小鸡 十一)单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如:Is(I’s),Ks(K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs,VCDs,SARsotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand
十二)特殊形式的有:child-children,man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,mouse-mice,policeman-policemen,Englishman-Englishmen B)名词的格 当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下: 一)单数在后面加’s。如:brother’s,Mike’s,teacher’s 二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers’Day教师节,classmates’;Children’sDay六一节,Women’sDay三八节 三)由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如:MikeandBen’sroom迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike’sandBen’srooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间) 2、代词 项目人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词 人称主格宾格形容词名词性 第一人称单数Imemyminemyself 复数weusouroursourselves 第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself 复数youyouyouryoursyourselves 第三人称单数sheherherhersherself hehimhishishimself itititsitsthisthatitself 复数theythemtheirtheirsthesethosethemselves 3、动词 A)第三人称单数 当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下:otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand
一)一般在词后加s。如:comes,spells,waits,talks,sees,dances,trains 二)在x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如:watches,washes,wishes,finishes 三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies,hurry-hurries,try-tries 2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays,says,stays,enjoys,buys 四)以o结尾加es。如:does,goes 五)特殊的有:are-is,have-has B)现在分词 当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下: 一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling,sing-singing,see-seeing,train-training,play-playing, hurry-hurrying,watch-watching,go-going,do-doing 二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing,wake-waking,take-taking, practice-practicing,write-writing,have-having 三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show–showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting,run-running,get-getting, let-letting,begin-beginning 四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying位于 4、形容词的级 我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下: 一)一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest,shorter–shortest, taller–tallest,longer–longest,nicer-nicest,larger-largestotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand
二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewerfewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er/est。如:big-biggerbiggest,red-redderreddest,hot-hotterhottest 三)以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如:happy-happierhappiest,sorry-sorriersorriest, friendly-friendlierfriendliest(morefriendlymostfriendly),busy-busierbusiest,easy-easiereasiest 四)特殊情况:(两好多坏,一少老远) good/well-betterbestmany/much-moremostbad/ill–worseworst little-lessleastold-older/elderoldest/eldestfar-farther/furtherfarthest/furthest 5、数词(基变序,有规则;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾,变为i,eth跟上去。)first,second,third;fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth;seventh,tenth,thirteenth,hundredth; twenty-twentieth,forty-fortieth,ninety-ninetieth 二、句式1.陈述句 肯定陈述句a)Thisisabook.(be动词) b)Helooksveryyoung.(连系动词) c)Iwantasweatlikethis.(实义动词) d)Icanbringsomethingstoschool.(情态动词) e)There’sacomputeronmydesk.(Therebe结构) 否定陈述句a)Thesearen’ttheirbooks. b)Theydon’tlooknice. c)Katedoesn’tgotoNo.4MiddleSchool. d)Katecan’tfindherdoll.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand
e)Thereisn’tacathere.(=There’snocathere.) 2.祈使句 肯定祈使句a)Pleasegoandasktheman. b)Let’slearnEnglish! c)Comein,please. 否定祈使句a)Don’tbelate. b)Don’thurry. 3.疑问句 1)一般疑问句a)IsJimastudent? b)CanIhelpyou? c)Doesshelikesalad? d)DotheywatchTV? e)Isshereading? 肯定回答:a)Yes,heis. b)Yes,youcan. c)Yes,shedoes. d)Yes,theydo. e)Yes,sheis. 否定回答:a)No,heisn’t. b)No,youcan’t. c)No,shedoesn’t. d)No,theydon’t.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand
e)No,sheisn’t. 2)选择疑问句Isthetablebigorsmall?回答It’sbig./It’ssmall. 3)特殊疑问句 ①问年龄HowoldisLucy?Sheistwelve. ②问种类Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?Ilikeactionmoviesandcomedies. ③问身体状况Howisyouruncle?Heiswell/fine. ④问方式Howdo/canyouspellit?L-doubleO-K. Howdowecontactyou?Mye-mailaddressiscindyjones@163.com. ⑤问原因Whydoyouwanttojointheclub? ⑥问时间What’sthetime?(=Whattimeisit?)It’saquartertotena.m.. Whattimedoyouusuallygetup,Rick?Atfiveo’clock. Whendoyouwanttogo?Let’sgoat7:00. ⑦问地方Where’smybackpack?It’sunderthetable. ⑧问颜色Whatcolorarethey?Theyarelightblue. What’syourfavouritecolor?It’sblack. ⑨问人物Who’sthat?It’smysister. Whoistheboyinblue?Mybrother. Whoisn’tatschool?PeterandEmma. WhoareLisaandTimtalkingto? ⑩问东西What’sthis/that(inEnglish)?It’sapencilcase. Whatelsecanyouseeinthepicture?Icanseesomebroccoli,strawberriesandhamburgers. 11问姓名What’syouraunt’sname?HernameisHelen./She’sHelen.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand
What’syourfirstname?Myfirstname’sBen. What’syourfamilyname?Myfamilyname’sSmith. 12问哪一个Whichdoyoulike?Ilikeoneinthebox. 13问字母Whatletterisit?It’sbigD/smallf. 14问价格Howmucharethesepants?They’re15dollars. 15问电话号码What’syourphonenumber?It’s576-8349. 16问谓语(动作)What’shedoing?He’swatchingTV. 17问职业(身份)Whatdoyoudo?I’mateacher. What’syourfather?He’sadoctor. 三、时态 1、一般现在时表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时,它有: Be动词:She’saworker.Issheaworker?Sheisn’taworker. 情态动词:Icanplaythepiano.Canyouplaythepiano?Ican’tplaythepiano. 行为动词:Theywanttoeatsometomatoes.Dotheywanttoeatanytomatoes? Theydon’twanttoeatanytomatoes. Ginahasanicewatch.DoesGinahaveanicewatch?Ginadoesn’thaveawatch. 2、现在进行时表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态,结构为sbbev-ingsth+其它. I’mplayingbaseball.Areyouplayingbaseball?I’mnotplayingbaseball. Nancyiswritingaletter.IsNancywritingaletter?Nancyisn’twritingaletter. They’relisteningtothepopmusic.Aretheylisteningthepopmusic?Theyaren’tlisteningtothepopmusic.otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand
八年级英语语法[名师辅导]初一英语语法概括七年级英语语法英语教学2009-10-0312:43阅读164评论0字号:大大中中小小一、词类:1、动词:行为动词、be动词、情态动词。(1)行为动词原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing,具体判断方法如下:(2)be动词a、Am--wasIs--wasAre--were口诀:我用am,你用are,is用在他她它,所有复数全用are。b、肯定和否定句Iam(not)fromLondon.He/Sheis(not)ateacher.Myhairis(not)long.Hereyesare(not)small.c、一般疑问句AmI…?Yes,youare.No,youaren’t.Areyou/they…?Yes,we/theyare.No,we/theyaren’t.Isthecatfat?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.is、am、are为一类,一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中。was和were为另一类,一般用于一般过去时。(3)情态动词can、must、should、would、may。情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响)2、名词这里强调两点:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is或者was。如何加后缀:a.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-bedsb.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watchesc.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberriesd.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knivese.不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese3、形容词(包括副词)形容词表示某一事物或的特征,副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词只有两种形式:原形和+er。未作比较的情况下就用原形,比较时就+er。两个重要特征:as……as中间一定用原形,有than的时候一定+er。4、人称代词和物主代词人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性(短)名词性(长)形容词性(短)名词性(长)第一人称Imeweusmymineourours第二人称youyouyouyouyouryoursyouryours第三人称hehimtheythemhishistheirtheirssheherherhersitititsitsotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand
人称代词:有主格和宾格之分。一般动词前用主格,动词后用宾格。物主代词:有两类:形容词性物主代词(短的)和名词性物主代词(长的)一般看后面有没有名词,如有,就用形容词性物主代词(短的);如无,就用名词性物主代词(长的)。5、数量词我们学过两类:基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少,而基数词用于表示次序,常在日期中出现。序数词的前面一般都加the。6、冠词有a、an、the。a和an的区别:an用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母aeiou)前,a用于辅音音素前。二、否定句:be动词(am、is、are、was、were)+not、情态动词(can、must、should)+not、助动词(do、does、did)+not如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句:1、看句中有无be动词,如有,直接在be动词后+not。2、看句中有无情态动词,如有,直接在情态动词后+not。3、如上述二者都没有,就应用助动词+not。分四个步骤:(1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上去,位置在主语(某人或某物)后,动词前。(2)确定助动词用do、does还是did,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does,动词用过去式的助动词就有did。(3)在助动词后加not。(4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。强调一点,有some的要考虑是否要用any。三、一般疑问句。如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句:1、看句中有无be动词,如有,把be动词提到句首即可。2、看句中有无情态动词,如有,把情态动词提到句首即可。3、如上述二者都没有,就应把助动提到句首。分四个步骤:(1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上去,位置在主语(某人或某物)后,动词前。(2)确定助动词用do、does还是did,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does,动词用过去式的助动词就有did。(3)把助动词后提到句首。(4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。强调一点,有some的要考虑是否要用any。四、特殊疑问句。表示疑问,有疑问词(在开头),回答有很多种可能。常用疑问词:疑问词意思用法otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand
When什么时间问时间Whattime什么时间问具体时间,如几点钟Who谁问人Whose谁的问主人Where在哪里问地点Which哪一个问选择Why为什么问原因What什么问东西、事物Whatcolour什么颜色问颜色Whatabout。。。。怎么样问意见Whatday星期几问星期几Whatdate什么日期问日期Whatfor为何目的问目的How。。。。怎样问情况Howold多大年纪问年纪Howmany多少数量(可数名词)问数量Howmuch多少钱;多少数量(不可数名词)问多少钱或数量(不可数)Howabout。。。。怎么样问意见Howoften多久问频率Howlong多长时间问时间长度Howfar多远问多远;多长距离五、祈使句表示请求或命令别人做某事或不要做某事。肯定祈使句一定是以动词原形开头(有时有please),否定的祈使句一定是don’t加动词原形开头(有时有please)。把祈使句改为否定句只需在动词前加don’t即可。六、时态1、一般现在时(1)一般现在时中的be动词:一般用原形:amisaream用于第一人称单数(I);is用于第三人称单数(hesheit和其他人名或称谓,如:Benhissister等);are用于第二人称单数(you)和所有复数(包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you;第三人称复数they和其他复数,如thechildren、hisparents等)。(2)一般现在时中的动词:第一种情况:主语是第三人称单数(hesheit和其他,如Helen、hercousin等),动词后一般加s或es。第二种情况:主语不是第三人称单数,动词都用原形。(4)一般现在时判断依据(如何判断一个句子是一般现在时):△be动词是am、is、are△动词用原形或加s、es△没有时间状语或有usually、often、everyday、sometimes等不是具体的时间2、一般过去时(1)一般过去时中的be动词:一般用过去式:waswereotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand
was用于第一人称单数(I)和第三人称单数(hesheit和其他人名或称谓,如:Ben、hissister等);were用于第二人称单数(you)和所有复数(包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you;第三人称复数they和其他复数,如thechildren、hisparents等)。(2)一般过去时中的动词:一般只有一种情况:+ed这里强调一点,和一般现在时不同的是这里不管主语是第几人称,也不管是单数和复数都加ed。(4)一般过去时判断依据(如何判断一个句子是一般过去时):△be动词是was、were△动词加ed△有表示过去的时间状语八年级英语语法英语教学 2009-10-0312:44 阅读274 评论1 字号:大大 中中 小小一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,nextyear,nextmonth,nextweek,in100years等。 begoingtodo(动词原形)结构:表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如:Itisgoingtorain. willdo结构表示将来的用法: 1.表示预见 Doyouthinkitwillrain? Youwillfeelbetterafteragoodrest. 2.表示意图 Iwillborrowabookfromourschoollibrarytomorrow. Whatwillshedotomorrow?基本构成如下:一般疑问句构成:otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand
(1)will+主语+do…?WillSarahcometovisitmenextSunday? (2)therebe结构的一般疑问句:Willthere+be…? Willtherebefewertrees?Yes,therewill./No,therewon"t 否定句构成:will+not(won"t)+do Sarahwon"tcometovisitmenextSunday. 特殊疑问句构成: 特殊疑问词+will+主语+…?WhatwillSarahdonextSunday? 根据例句,用will改写下列各句 例:Idon"tfeelwelltoday.(bebettertomorrow) I"llbebettertomorrow. should的用法should用来提出建议和忠告,后边加动词原形,否定句直接在should后边加not.例如:Ithinkyoushouldeatlessjunkfood. 我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。 Shedrivesalotandsheseldomwalks.SoIthinksheshouldwalkalot. 她经常开车,很少走路。所以我认为她应该多走路。 Studentsshouldn"tspendtoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames. 学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机游戏。 学习向别人提建议的几种句式: (1)Ithinkyoushould… (2)Well,youcould… (3)Maybeyoushould… (4)Whydon"tyou…?otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand
(5)Whataboutdoingsth.? (6)You"dbetterdosth.过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或者过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作。 1.构成 was/were+doing,例如: IwaswatchingTVat9o"clocklastnight. at9o"clocklastnight是时间点 Theywereplayingfootballallafternoon. allafternoon是时间段 2.过去进行时的标志词 at8o"clocklastnight,thistimeyesterday等。例如: Iwashavinglunchathomethistimeyesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。 Atthattimeshewaswritingabook. 那阵子她在写一本书。(表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。)间接引语形成步骤: (1)不要逗号,冒号,引号 (2)要考虑到人称的变化(人称的变化与汉语是一致的) (3)要考虑时态的变化 (4)要考虑时间状语、地点状语和语示代词的变化。 1.直接引语变成间接引语时,几个主要时态的变化规律otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand
直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时?2.直接引语变成间接引语时,一些词汇的变化规律直接引语1.am/is2.are3.have/has4.will5.can6.may间接引语1.was2.were3.had4.would5.could6.might if引导的条件状语从句结构:if+一般现在时,主语+将来时含义:如果……,将要……例如:Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou. 如果你请求他,他会帮助你。Ifneedbe,we"llworkallnight. 如果需要,我们就干个通宵。语法复习:小升初英语语法复习要点归纳英语教学2009-10-0312:46阅读111评论1字号:大大中中小小一、名词复数规则 1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds 2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watchesotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knives5.不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese 二、一般现在时 1.一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作,也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。 2.一般现在时中,没有be动词和情态动词,主语为第三人称单数的肯定句,动词要按规则加上s,主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句,动词用原形。 3.在一般现在时中,句中有be动词或情态动词时,否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not,一般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。4.在一般现在时中,句中没有be动词或情态动词时,主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加does+not(doesn’t),一般疑问句在句首加does,句子中原有动词用原形;主语为非第三人称单数,否定句用do+not(don’t),一般疑问句在句首加do,句子中动词用原形。动词+s的变化规则 1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks,milk-milks 2.以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:study-studies三、现在进行时 1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing. 3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。 4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 动词加ing的变化规则 1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking 2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making,taste-tastingotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand
3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running,stop-stopping 四、begoingto 1.begoingto表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。 2.肯定句:begoingto+动词原形,如:Jimisgoingtoplayfootball.否定句:benotgoingto+动词原形,如:Jimisnotgoingtoplayfootball.一般疑问句:把be动词调到句首,如:IsJimgoingtoplayfootball?特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+goingto+动词原形?如:WhatisJimgoingtodo?疑问词当主语时:疑问词+be+goingto+动词原形?如:Whoisgoingtoplayfootball? 五、一般过去时 1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。 2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:⑴am和is在一般过去时中变为was。(wasnot=wasn’t)⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(werenot=weren’t)⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。 3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句:didn’t+动词原形,如:Jimdidn’tgohomeyesterday.一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如:DidJimgohomeyesterday?特殊疑问句:⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如:WhatdidJimdoyesterday?⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?如:Whowenttohomeyesterday? 动词过去式变化规则: 1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled,cook-cooked 2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted 3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped 4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied 5.不规则动词过去式:am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-satotherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand