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外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 情态动词和虚拟语气 【考点分析】 情态动词 1.考查情态动词的基本用法 ①shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见;用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等;may表示“允许、可以”,语气比较委婉。 ②must用于疑问句,表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩,意思为“偏偏,偏要”,mustn’t表示禁止,是说话人强有力的劝告。cannot表示“不可能”;neednot表示“不必要”;maynot表示“可能不,可以不”。 ③needn’t表示“没有必要” ④would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向 ⑤表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作,只能用was/wereableto,而不能用could;could还可以表示过去的某种能力 ⑥考查情态动词用作答语的情况 2.考查情态动词+动词不定式一般式表推测的用法 ①肯定的推测一般用must,should,may(might)或could(不用can),其中,must的语气最强,译为“肯定”、should的语气次之,译为“很可能”、“应该”;按常理推测的may(might),could语气最弱,译为“也许”。 ②否定的推测:语气不很肯定时,常用maynot,mightnot或couldnot,译为“可能不”“也许不”;否定语气较强时,则用can’t,译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”,表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩 ③疑问句中推测往往用can或could 3.考查情态动词+动词不定式的完成式表推测的用法 4.考查情态动词+动词不定式完成式的其他用法 ①should(oughtto)+不定式的完成式:本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定形式表示某中行为不该发生却发生了。 ②needn’t+不定式的完成式:本来不必要做的而实际上又做了 ③could+不定式的完成式:本可以做而实际上未能做,含有遗憾的意味
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 虚拟语气 1.虚拟条件句的基本结构及其用法①与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句②与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句③与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句 2.虚拟语气的活用 ①时间错综虚拟结构 ②省略if的虚拟结构 ③并列连词或副词暗示的虚拟结构 ④介词或介词短语暗示的虚拟结构 ⑤asif/asthough方式状语从句中的虚拟语气 ⑥名词性从句中的虚拟语气 ⑦分词短语暗示的虚拟结构 ⑧上下文语境中的虚拟结构 【知识点归纳】 I.情态动词 1.表示“能力、许可”的can/may ①表示能力的情态动词用can/could Acomputer_____thinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo. A.can’tB.couldn’tC.maynotD.mightnot ②表示许可时用may/might,can/could都可以,但在问句中用could…? 或might…?以使口气委婉客气,其回答一定要用can或may,以使回答口气明确(must表示一定,必须,mustn’t表示禁止,不许可) —CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?—Yes,you______ A.willB.couldC.mayD.might
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com Johnny,you_____playwiththeknife,you_____hurtyourself. A.won’t/can’tB.mustn’t/mayC.shouldn’t/mustD.can’t/shouldn’t ③在肯定句中could不可以用来表示过去某一特定场合的能力,而要用was/wereableto。 如不可以说:Theycouldjumpintotheseabeforetheboatwasblownup 而要说:theywereableto/managedtojumpinto… Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_____getout. A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto 但在否定句中could/was(were)ableto可以通用: Icouldn’t/wasn’tabletoseehimyeaterday. ④表示许可时用may/can都可以。只不过用may时较侧重讲话人的许可,而can较侧重客观情况的许可,must则表示必须做某事。 2.表示“推断、判断”的can,may,must ①在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能。在含义上must语气最为肯定,may表示的是事实上的可能性: Peter______comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet. A.mustB.mayC.canD.will 而can表示的是逻辑上的可能性:Maryisinpoorhealth.Shecanbeillatanytimes. ②在否定句中只能用can和may。此时can’t用以代替mustn’t,语气比maynot更强。can’t中文可以翻译为“不可能”、maynot中文可以翻译为“可能不”。 Michael______beapoliceman,forhe’smuchtooshort. A.needn’tB.can’tC.shouldD.may ③在疑问句只能用can,不能用may和must Hemaybeverybusynow.Canhebeverybusynow? Hemustbeverybusynow.Canhebeverybusynow?
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 3.表示“请求、提议”(用在疑问句中)的can和could,这时could比can语气更婉转 Can(Could)yougivemealifttothestation? 你(您)能不能让我搭你(您)的车去车站呀? 4.表示“惊讶、怀疑”(用在疑问句中)的can和could,这时could比can语气更婉转 Whocanitbeatthistimeofday?这个时候到底会是谁呢? 5.构成下列特殊句式的can ①cannot/cannever…too…cannot…enough“无论怎么……也不为过分,越……越好,非常……” Sinceitisagoodthing,wecannotdoittoosoon. 既然是好事情,我们越早开始做越好。②can’thelpdoing…,cannothelpbutdo…,cannotbutdo…“禁不住,不由得,不得不”IcannothelpadmiringthepicturewheneverIlookatit.每当我看到这幅画时,我都禁不住要鉴赏它。 Whenaclosefrienddies,youcannotbutfeelsad. 亲密的朋友去世时,你会不由得感到悲伤。 6.表示祝愿、祝福的may,此时句子用倒装语序 Mayhelivetoanoldage!愿他长命百岁!MayGodbewithyou!愿上帝保佑你!7.shall/should用于人称意义Shall第一、三人称征求对方的意见第二、三人称说话人给对方的警告、命令、允诺、威胁用于法律、法规等条文中应……,须……,得…… Whatshallwedothisevening? 注意:may用于征求对方的许可,而shall用于征求对方的意见或指示: MayIhavealook?我能看一看吗? ShallIhavealook?需要我看一看吗?
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkharder.(警告) HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.(允诺) Heshallbepunished.(威胁) Thefineshallbegivenincash.罚款须以现金缴纳。should意义①(表义务、责任的)应该②(表预期的)应该会,想必会,一定……会把③(表惊讶、遗憾的)竟然、居然④(与疑问词连用,表意外、惊讶、纳闷等的)究竟是,到底⑤(用于表示命令、建议、请求等词后面的that从句中,且should可以省略)应该,必须 ①Youshouldapologizetohim. ②Thephotosshouldbereadyby12:00. ③I’msurprisedthatyoushouldspeakinsuchaway. ④WhoshouldccomeinbutmyoldfriendBetty.我当究竟是谁进来了呢,原来是我的老朋友贝蒂呀。 ⑤Isuggestedthathe(should)changehismind. Mysuggestionwasthathe(should)changehismind. 注意:oughtto表示“应该”(与should同义,只是语气稍重一些),也可表示推测。 Yououghttotakecareofhim. Heoughttobehomebynow. 8.will/would ①请求、建议,would比will委婉客气 Wouldyoupassmethebook? ②表示意志、愿望和决心 Iwillneverdothatagain. Theyaskedusifwewoulddothatagain ③可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向 Duringthevacationhewouldvisitmeeveryweek Thewoundwouldnotheal. ④表示估计或猜想 Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome. Whatwouldshebedoingthere? 9.dare和need ①need作为情态动词只有一种形式,只用于否定句和疑问句。 ②dare作为情态动词用时有两中形式:dare和dared两个词形。 除了可以用于否定句和疑问句外,还可以用于条件从句或表示怀疑的句子中。 Ifhedarecome,Iwillkickhimout. Idon’tknowwhetherhedaresay. Note:Hedoesn’tdare(to)answerthequestion.
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com Doesshedare(to)enterthedarkroom? 10.情态动词+havedone的用法 ①could+havedone:本可以做而实际上未能做 Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidn’ttryyourbest. ②cannot+havedone:表示对过去行为的否定推测 Hecannothavebeentothattown. ③can+主语+havedone:表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定 Canhehavegotthebook? ④might(may)+havedone:对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测 Hemaynothavefinishedthework. Ifwehadtakentheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedearlier. (Mood:might>may,possibility:might ⑤must+havedone:对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。其否定式为:cannothavedone Youmusthaveseenthefilm. Youcannothaveseenthefilm. ⑥needn’t+havedone:本来不必要做的而实际上又做了 Youneedn’thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain. 注意:didn’tneedto(haveto)do:没有必要做而实际上也没有做 Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mysisterdidit2hoursago. ⑦should(oughtto)+havedone:本来应该做而实际上又没有做。 其否定形式表示某种行为不该发生却发生了。 Youshouldhavestartedearlier,butyoudidn’t. Sheshouldn’thavetakenawaymymeasuringtape,forIwantedtouseit. 注意:本结构还可以表“推测”的意思 Heshouldhavefinishedtheworkbynow. 到现在他应该已经做完那项工作了。 11.其它情态动词 ①haveto haveto表示“必须,不得不”,在这个意义上与must很接近,但must表示的是说话人的主观看法,而haveto表示的却是客观需要.haveto比must有更多的形式。 TheTVsetisbroken.Ihavetobuyanewone. Thestudentswillhavetoknowhowtousethecomputers. 注意:在回答must的问句时,否定式常用neednot(needn’t)或don’thaveto表示“不必”。而不用 mustnot,因为mustnot表示“不可以”。 ②usedto 表示过去的习惯动作或状态(现在已不复如此) —Didyouusetogotheretoseeyourbrother?/Usedyoutogotheretoseeyourbrother? —Yes,Idid(usedto)./No,Ididn’t(usedn’t). 注意:would也可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向,但是不涉及到现在。 ③hadbetter 表示“最好(做……)” Wehadbettergonow.
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com其否定式为hadbetternot II.虚拟语气 (一)一般虚拟结构类别用法例句If引导的条件从句与现在事实相反从句动词:过去式(be用were)主句动词:should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.与过去事实相反从句动词:had+过去分词主句动词:should/would/could/might+have+过去分词IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.与将来事实相反从句动词:过去式/should+动词原形/were+不定式主句动词:should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping. 注意:主句中的should只用于I、we,但在美国英语中,should常被would代替;从句中的should可用于各种人称,且不可以被would所代替。 (二)混合虚拟结构 1.不同时间的虚拟 Ifhehadlistenedtome,hewouldnotbeintroublenow.(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反) Ifhehadtoldmeyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反) IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.(从句与现在事实相反,主句与过去事实相反) Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.(从句与过去事实相反,and后面的主句与现在事实相反) 2.虚拟与陈述的混合 Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewasn’tcarefulenough. Youshouldhavecomeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago. (三)特殊句式虚拟结构 1.省略连词if。在书面语中,如果虚拟条件从句中有were,had或should,可以把if省略,把这几个词放到主语之前,构成主谓倒装。 Shouldhecome(Ifheshouldcome),tellhimtoringmeup.他要是来了,让他给我打个电话。 WereIyou(IfIwereyou),Iwouldnotdoit.我要是你,就不做这事。 2.suggest,order,propose,request,require,demand,advise,insist+宾语从句(should)do Hesuggestedthatwe(should)savemoneyforthefuture. Theundergraduateinsistedthathe(should)gotoworkinthesouth. 注意:当suggest表示暗示,insist表示坚持观点,事实时,后接的宾语从句应当用真实语气。 Hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecision.
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com Heinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoesgoodtopeople’shealth. 3.Itissuggested/advised/ordered/requested/required…+that从句(should)do Itisproposedthatmorestudentsshouldgotouniversity. 4.Myadvice/suggestion/request/requirement/order/proposal…+is+表语从句(should)do MyadviceisthatyoushouldpractisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible. Theorderfromthecommanderwasthatthetroopsshouldsetoffforthefrontimmediately. 5.Hissuggestion/advice/request/requirement…+同位语从句(should)do+is.. Therequestthattheyshouldgetmoreisreasonable. 6.Itisnatural/necessary/strange+that从句(should)do表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。 It’sstrangethatheshouldhavemissedthetrain.(表竟然) Itisimportantthatweshouldlearnfromothers.(表理应如此) Itisapitythatheshouldnotgowithus.(表惊讶、不满) 7.wish+thatclause(did/were与现在相反) wish+thatclause(would/could/might+do与将来相反) wish+thatclause(haddone与过去相反) IwishIcouldgowiththemtomorrow. IwishIhadnevermethim. 8.Itis(high/about)time+从句(did或shoulddo) Itis(high/about)timewewenthome. 9.wouldrather+clause(did与现在或将来相反);(haddone与过去相反) Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow. Iwouldratheryouhadn’ttoldherthenews. 10.省去条件从句或主句:表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略,但其含义仍可以推知。 ①省去条件从句 Youcouldhavewashedyourclothesyourself.你本可以自已洗衣服的。 省去了"Ifyouhadwantedto")(事实是:你自己没洗衣服,因为你不想洗。) ②省去主句(常用以表示愿望)Ifonly+clause(did/were与现在相反)/(would/could/might+do与将来相反)/(haddone与过去相反)“要是…….就好了“ Ifmygrandmotherwerewithme!如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!(事实是:祖母已不在世。) Ifonlyshehadnotleft!如果她没走就好了!(事实是:她已经走了。) Ifonlyhewouldcometomorrow! IfonlyIhadtakenheradvice! IfonlyIweretenyearsyounger! 注意:onlyif是“只要”的意思,从句中用陈述语气。 11.asif+clause(did/were与现在相反)/(would/could/might+
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.comdo与将来相反)/(haddone与过去相反) ShetreatsKateasifshewereherowndaughter. Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears. 12.wouldlike/was/weretohavedonesomething Iwouldliketohaveattendedtheparty,butoneofmyfriendscametoseeme. 13.butfor+名词 Butforyourhelpwecouldn’thavesucceededintheexperiment. 14.注意虚拟条件从句的特殊形式 Withoutelectricity,humanlifewouldbequitedifferenttoday. Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun"sheat,theearthatnightwouldbefreezingcold. 15.注意转折语气连词引导的虚拟语气 Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehewouldhavescoredagoal. ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsIshouldhavewrittenitdownforher. Thecaptainkeptcalmintheterriblestorm,otherwisetheaccidentwouldn"thavebeenprevented. Yesterday,Janewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,shemighthavesaidsomethingshewouldregretlater. 16.注意分词和独立结构引导的虚拟语气 Givenmorethantwohours,wecouldhavedonetheworkbetter. Nothavingfinishedthework,hecouldn"thaveseenthisfilm. 【高考预测】 1.Whydidn"tyoutellmetherewasnomeetingtoday?I_____allthewayhere_____theheavysnow. A.needn"thavedriven;throughB.can"thavedriven;across C.mustn"thavedriven;throughD.shouldn"thavedriven;cross 2.—Mum,it’snoneofmybusiness.Why_____Icare? —Justbecausesheisyoursister. A.canB.shouldC.willD.may 3.—Ididn’tknowyouweregoodfriends. —You_____.Ihaveknownhersinceshemovedhere.Youwerestudyingabroadthen. A.mayhaveB.needn’thaveC.couldn’thaveD.musthave 4.—Theconcertwaswonderful! —Really?HowIwishI______tothetheatrewithyouyesterday! A.hadgoneB.mightgoC.wereabletogoD.wouldgo 5.Thetwostrangershavebeentalkingintheparkforalongtimeasthoughthey______oldfriends. A.areB.shouldbeC.wereD.wouldbe 6.______theheavyrain,we______thetown. A.Butfor;shouldhavereachedB.Becauseof;wouldhavereached C.Duringtheperiodof;wewouldreachD.Inspiteof;weshouldhavereached 7.—IfWilliam_______,he_______thatgreenpeach. —Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalintime.
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetaken C.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken 8.—IsitgoodtolookupeverynewwordwhenIcomeacrossitinreading? —No.You______becauseyouarelikelytoguessthemeaningfromthecontext. A.can’tB.mustn’tC.don’thavetoD.oughtnotto 9.—______Iuseyourcomputertosendane-mail? —Yes,you______.Butyoumustn’tkeepittoolong.I’llsurftheInternetaftersupper. A.Could;couldB.Could;mustC.Can;canD.Could;can 10.Whenhelivedthere,he______gotothatbookshopatthecornerwithhisgirlfriendafterworkeveryday. A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might 11.—Ihearyou’vegotasetofAustraliancoins.______Ihavealook? —Yes,certainly. A.DoB.MayC.ShallD.Should 12.—Whathappenedtotheyoungtreesweplantedlastweek? —Thetrees______well,butIdidn’twaterthem. A.mightgrowB.needn’thavegrownC.wouldgrowD.wouldhavegrown 13.What______hadBobwalkedfarther,asfarastheriverbank? A.wouldhappenB.couldhappenC.wouldhavehappenedD.needn’thavehappened 14.Hurryup,Tom.It’shightimewe______tothetheater. A.willB.shallC.aregoingtoD.went 15.—Doyouthinkhewilldomeafavor? —AsfarasIknow,heisthelastonetohelpothers.He______bepreparedtogiveyouahand,though. A.mightB.mustC.canD.should 16.EventhoughI’dhurtmyleg,I______swimbacktotheriverbank. A.couldB.mightC.hadtoD.wasableto 17.—Itisrathercoldhere.Shallwelightafire? —No,we______becausethingsareeasytocatchfire. A.won’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t 18.—Wouldyouhavetoldhimtheanswerhaditbeenpossible? —Iwouldhave,butI______sobusythen. A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.wouldbe 19.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe______thesewatchesand______free. A.stole,setB.hadstolen,besetC.steal,besetD.hadstolen;mustbeset 20.I______youraddress,otherwiseI______youlongbefore. A.hadforgotten,hadvisitedB.forgot,havevisited C.forgot,wouldhavevisitedD.haveforgotten,wouldvisit 21.I______youabeautifulpresentforyourbirthday,butIwasshortofmoneyatthattime. A.wouldbuyB.hadboughtC.wouldliketohaveboughtD.musthavebought 22.—Doyoufeellike________thereorshallwetakeabus? —I’dliketowalk.Butsincethereisn"tmuchtimeleft,I"dratherwe________
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.comataxi. A.walking,hireB.towalk,hireC.towalk,hiredD.walking,hired 23.—MissWhitehasdecidedtoexploreintheforestbyherself. —She________askherboyfriendtoifshe________gowalkingintheforest. A.needn"tto,darestohttp:/B.doesn"tneed,dares C.neednotto,daretoD.needn"t,dare 24.Hisfailureintheexamsuggestedthathe__________theteacher’sinstructions. A.can’thavefollowedhttp:/B.needn’thavefollowed C.mustn’thavefollowedD.shouldn’thavefollowed 25.I_________you,butIdidn’tthinkyouwouldlistentome. A.couldhavetoldB.musthavetoldC.shouldtellD.mightrell 26.—MsLinlooksratherakindlady. —Butinfactsheiscoldandhardonus.You_______believeit!http:/ A.shouldn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t 27.Themanager’shealthwasgettingworseandworsebecauseofheavyburden,sothedoctorstrongly recommendedthatheaholiday. A.tookB.wouldtakeC.musttakeD.take 28.—It’ssocold!Whynotclosethedoor? —Sorry.It.I’llhaveitrepairedsoon. A.won’tshutB.won’tbeshutC.hasn’tshutD.isn’tshut 29.Iwouldn’tmarryPatevenifshethelastwomanonearth. A.isB.wasC.hadbeenD.were 30.Manystudentswilltakepartintheschoolsportsmeetingthisweek,soshesuggestedthattheclassmeeting_______heldonSaturday. A.notbeB.nottobeC.benotD.benotto 31.________theproblem,hewouldn"thavecommittedthosemistakes. A.IfheunderstoodB.HadheunderstoodC.WhenhehadunderstoodD.Ifhewouldunderstood 32.—Butthosearesize44.Youmightneedasmallersize. —Yes,I______abitofweight.Ihavebeentryingtoloseweight! A.willhavelostB.shouldhavelostC.mayhavelostD.can’tlose 33.—AreyougoingtoLloyd’sbirthdaypartyonFriday? —Onlyifit______,hesaidhewashavingapicnicparty. A.wouldn’trainB.doesn’trainC.won’trainD.hadn’trained
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 34.IfSanluGroup__________melaminetothemilk,thebabies________toomuchfromkidneystones. A.didn’tadd;wouldnotsufferedB.hadn’tadded;wouldn’thavesuffered C.hasn’tadded;wouldn’thavesufferedD.hadn’tadded;wouldhavesuffered 35.—Theresearchonthenewbirdfluvirusvaccineischallenginganddemanding.Whodoyouthinkcandothe job? —____mystudentshaveatry? A.ShallB.WillC.CouldD.Should 【参考答案】 1-5ABCAC6-10ABCDA11-15BDCDA16-20DCCBC 21-25CDDAA26-30BDADA31-35BCBBA 非谓语动词 【知识点归纳】 I.概述 1.基本形式的变化: 不定式:时态主动态被动态一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing完成式tohavebuilttohavebeenbuilt Johnsaidthathehadruninordertocatchthebus.(一般式的主动态) Hehatedtobemisunderstoodbyothers.(一般式的被动态) Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.(进行式) Heintendedtohavetoldyouthat.(完成式主动态) Thisworkofartseemedtohavebeencreatedseveralcenturiesago.(完成式的被动态) v-ing形式时态主动态被动态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone 注意:不及物动词没有被动式 动名词
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com Iamsureofhiscomingintime.(一般式主动态)(=Iamsurethathewillcomeintime) Heisproudofbeingselectedasmonitor.(一般式被动态)(=Heisproudthatheisselectedasmonitor.) I’mconfidentofhishavingpassedtheexam.(完成式主动态) (=Iamconfidentthathehavepassedtheexam.) Hecomplainedofhavingbeencheatedbyothers.(完成式被动态) 现在分词 Hesatinachair,readinganovel.(一般式主动态) Beingexhaustedbywork,hefellasleepquickly.(一般式被动态) Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentplaying.(完成式主动态) Allthishavingbeensettled,hewenthome.(完成式被动态) 2.所做成分项目/成分主语表语宾语宾补定语状语动词的ing形式现在分词△△△△动名词△△△△不定式△△△△△△过去分词△△△△ 注:现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分。 II.基本知识 1.动词不定式在句中充当的成分 ①作主语。 Toseeonceisbetterthantohearahundredtimes. Tomakemoneyisnottheonlypurposeofourlife.赚钱不是我们生活的唯一目的 在很多情况下,常用it来充当动词不定式的形式主语。 ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishverywell.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。 ②作动词的宾语,常用在以下动词后: help,hope,ask,refuse,decide,promise,wish,pretend,expect,arrange,learn,plan,demand,dare,manage,agree,prepare,fail,determine,offer,choose,desire,elect,long,(happen,seem) Hemanagedtopasstheexam.他成功地通过了考试。 Hepromisedtobehereatnine.他答应9点钟到这儿。 Ididn’texpecttoseeyouhere.我没有料到在这儿见到你。 在某些复合宾语中,用it做形式宾语,而把不定式放到后面去。 Heconsidereditbettertoleavenow.他认为最好现在就离开。 Ifounditimpossibletofinishtheworkontime.我发现准时完成这项工作是不可能的。 ③作定语(常置于名词之后)。 由only,last,next序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语;不定式还可用作名词
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 代词的的宾语(ability,anything,attempt,chance,curiosity,desire,decision,determination,effort,failure, intention,need,nothing,opportunity,place,plan,promise,reason,right,something) Sheisalwaysthefirststudenttoarriveatschool. Heisalwaysthelastonetoleavetheoffice.他总是最后一个离开办公室。 Idon’tthinkheisthebestmantodothejob.我想他不是做这项工作的最佳人选。 Ihavenodesiretotravel. You’llfindsomethingtointerestyouhere. 注:动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词,而不定式与其修饰的动词之间有动宾关系,这个不定式后就应有必要的介词。 Ihaven’tdecidedwhichhoteltostayat. Ifoundnoonetoplaywith. ④作状语 Iwalkedslowlyontheiceinordernottofalldown.(不至于跌倒)(表目的) Theyliftedarockonlytodropitontheirownfeet.(表结果) Hetriedonlytofail.(结果没有成功) Shewashappytohearthenews.(表原因) 不定式常用于修饰下列形容词: able,afraid,angry,anxious,apt,careful,careless,certain,clever,considerate,delighted,difficult,eager,easy,fit,frightened,happy,interesting,likely,lucky,quick,ready,reluctant,right,sorry,surprised,sure,thoughtful,thoughtless,unable,unwilling,wrongetc. Frenchisdifficulttolearn.法语难学。 I’msorrytointerruptyou,butIhaveto. ⑤作独立副词成分。 Tospeakfrankly,Idon’tlikeyourattitude. ⑥与疑问词连用。疑问代词who,what,which和疑问副词when,where,how等后加动词不定式,构成不定式短语,可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。 Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.什么时候出发还没有定。 Theproblemishowtogetthereontime.问题是怎样才能准时到达哪儿。 注意: ①在有些动词后常用疑问词+动词不定式的结构。这类动词有:know,ask,tell,show,wonder,consider,understand,learn,instruct,guess,see,explain,discover,imagine,think,hear等。 Hedidn’tknowwhattodonext. Ihaven’tdecidedwhethertogotoJapan.我没有决定是否到日本去。 ②不定式的复合结构 由for+名词或代词+动词不定式构成的复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、状语等。 ItisnecessaryforyoutofinishtheworkbeforeFriday.你们有必要在星期五前做完这项工 Hisideaisforustotravelindifferentcars.他的主意是让我们乘不同的车去旅游。
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 由of引出的不定式复合结构,经常与以下形容词连用:brave,careless,,clever,courageous,foolish,good,honest,kind,nice,rash,right,rude,stupid,silly,thoughtful,thoughtless,wrong,wise等。 It’skindofyoutosayso. It’sbraveofyoutogointotheburningbuildingtosavethebaby! 你真勇敢,冲进着火的大楼里救这个婴儿 ③不带to的动词不定式 ▲在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略to的动词不定式,如let,make,have,hear,see,feel,smell,hear,watch等。 Theteacheroftenmakesmerewritethecomposition.老师常常让我把作文重写。 将该句转换成被动语态:Iamoftenmadebytheteachertorewritethecomposition. Iheardhersaythatshewasfedup. ▲在下列结构后常用不带to的动词不定式:hadbetter,wouldrather,cannotbut,cannothelpbut,donothingbut等。 I’dbettergonow,orI’llmissthetrain. Theycannotbutaccepthisadvice.我只好接受他的建议。 ▲在except,but之前有动词do作实义动词,则except,but后一般接不带to的动词不定式,反之则接带to的动词不定式。 Wehavenochoicebuttowait.我们除了等待别无选择(我们只好等待)。 Thereisnochoicebuttogothere. Thereisnothingtodobutto(to可省略)readabook. ▲在why,whynot结构中,紧接其后的动词不定式不带to Whyarguewithhim? Whynotsendthosebooksback?为什么不把那些书送回去? 2.动名词在句中充当的成分 ①作主语 Askingforhelpissometimesnecessary.请求帮助有时是必要的。 Eatingtoomuchisnotgoodforyourhealth.吃得太多对你的健康不利。 Teachingofferssomethingbesidesmoneyandpower. ②作补语、表语 Seeingisbelieving. Wecallsuchanactcheating.我们称这样的行为为作弊/欺骗行为。 ③作以下及物动词及词组的的宾语 建议冒险去献身:advise,suggest,risk,devoteoneselfto 忍受期待不停顿:bear/stand(忍受),lookforwardto,stop 放弃延期悔失去:giveup,delay,putoff,regret,miss 坚持欣赏(想)要(实)践(完)成:keep(on)/insiston/stickto,enjoy/appreciate,feellike,practice,finish 注意原谅避反对:payattentionto,excuse,escape,avoid,objectto 考虑要求不自禁:consider,require,cannothelp 允许习惯不介意:forbid;permit,be/getusedto/beaccustomedto,mind 值得开始想动名:beworth,setabout,imagine Themotherdidagreetolettheboyriskswimmingacrosstheriver.冒险游过河
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com Hiswifedoesn"tallowsmokinginsidetheroombutallowshimtosmokeoutsidetheroom 他的妻子不允许在室内抽烟,但是允许他在室外抽。 Alloftheminsistedonmystayingwiththemafewdayslonger. 他们所有的人都坚持要我再跟他们多呆几天时间。 I"mlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon. Beingillforafewdays,shedoesn"tfeellikeeatinganything.不想吃任何东西 另在want,need,require等动词后,常用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思(主语与动名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系)。 Myhairneedscutting.(=Myhairneedstobecut.) ⑤作定语 它与被修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系,通常只表示用途或与所修饰的名词有关的动作。 Thefactorybuiltaswimmingpoollastyear.游泳池 Ourteacherusesaverygoodteachingmethod.教学方法 ⑥作同位语 Hishobby,makingmodelairplanes,isveryinteresting. 注意: ①动名词的复合结构 动名词的复合结构由物主代词或名词所有格+动名词构成。如果不是在句子开头,这种结构常可以由名词的普通格或人称代词宾格+动名词构成,在句中可作主语、宾语等。例如: Doyoumindmyclosingthedoor?Doyoumindmeclosingthedoor? Myclosingthedoormadehimangry. Ican’tstandLaoChang’stalkinglikethataboutothercomrades. ②动名词的某些固定结构 ▲Itis+nouse,nogood(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,abore...)等名词+doingsth. Itisnousecrying.哭没有用。 Itisnogoodobjecting.反对也没有用。 Itisawasteoftimetryingtoexplain.设法解释是浪费时间。 ▲Itis+useless+doingsth. Itisuselessspeaking.光说没用。 ▲Thereisno+v-ing“…是不可能的”。 Thereisnoknowinghowoldsheis.(=Itisimpossibletoknowhowoldsheis.) Thereisnotellingwhereshe’sgone.(=Itisimpossible/difficulttoknowwhereshe’sgone.) ▲makeapointof+doing“认为…是必要的” OurfamilymakeapointofgoingtochurcheverySunday.(=OurfamilymakeitaruletogotochurcheverySunday.) ▲beonthepointof+doing“濒临,将要…” Hewasonthepointofleaving. ▲on(upon)+doing“一…就…” Onhearingthenews,Ichangedmyplans.(=AssoonasIheardthenews,Ichangedmyplans.)
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com ▲go+doing(大部分指运动和游戏) Hewentshopping/hiking/swimming/fishingetc. ▲动名词短语常用在以下结构中 havedifficulty(in)+doingsth havetrouble(in)+doingsth havefun(in)+doingsth/ haveagoodtime(in)+doingsth/haveahardtime(in)+doingsth ▲feellike+名词“想要”=wouldliketo+原形动词 Doyoufeellikegoingtoamovie?你想看电影吗? Idon"tfeellikereadingtonight.今晚我不想读书。 3.分词在句中充当的成分 ①作定语。作定语的分词如果是单个分词,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面。在用作定语时,分词在意思上接近一个定语从句。 Theboringsnowmadetheboredboysgohome.(=Thesnowwasboring,sotheboysweeboredandwent home.) Chinaisadevelopingsocialistcountry.发展中的社会主义国家 Themanwritingtheobituary(讣告)ismyfriend. (=Themanwhoiswritingtheobituaryismyfriend.) Thebrokenglassscatteredontheground.破杯 注:现在分词与过去分词都可作定语,但现在分词表达的是正在进行的事情,有主动意义;而过去分词表示的是已完成的事情,有被动意义。 ②作表语、宾语补足语。能带分词作宾补的动词常见的有see,hear,keep,find,notice,watch,think,want,smell,observe等。 Thestoryisboring. Ifoundhimreadinganovel.在读小说(现在分词作宾语补足语)
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com Ifoundhimsurroundedbyagroupofchildren.一群孩子包围着(过去分词作宾语补足语) ③作状语。分词作状语可以表示时间,原因,条件,结果,伴随情况。 Havingreadalltherequiredpapers,heansweredthequestionsfluently.(时间) Beingshortofmoney,Idecidedtoapplyforthework.(原因) Seriouslyinjured,Allenwasrushedtothehospital.(原因) Ifgoingtherebyplane,we’llhavetopaytwiceasmuch.(条件) Unlessaskedtoanswerquestions,thepupilswerenotsupposedtotalkinMrsSmith’sclass.(条件) Thefarmerusedanewinsecticide,thusraisingtheaverageyieldby15%.(结果) Hesatinarockingchair,watchingTV.(伴随) 注意:分词的特殊结构 ①独立主格 有时分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致,这时分词须带上自身的主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构。这种结构在句中多作伴随状语。亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。 Thatbeingthecase,we’dbettermakesomechangesintheplan. Weatherpermitting,wewillgoout.==ifweatherpermits Theteacherhavingfinishedthelesson,thestudentslefttheclassroom. ②“with或without+名词或代词+分词”的复合结构 常用作补充说明或表示伴随情况。例如:Hefellasleepwiththelampburning. ③某些固定结构 generally/franklyspeaking…,judgingfrom/by…中,分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致,这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词。 Judgingbyhisdress,hecomesfromawealthyfamily.从他的衣着判断 Franklyspeaking,Idon"tlikehimatall.坦率地说
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com ④catch+宾语+doing Icaughtthemstealingmyapples.我抓住他们偷我的苹果。 Ifshecatchesmereadingherdiary,she"llbefurious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记,她会愤怒的 注:有些现在分词可以作介词用:如concerning,considering,regarding,respecting等。 Consideringhisage,heistall.考虑了他的年龄 Ihavenothingtosayconcerninghisspeech.关于他的演讲 III.非谓语动词比较 1.做主语和宾语时的比较 一般来说,不定式和动名词成份相同时,表示客观性、一般性行为多用动名词表示,而表示一次性、具体性行为则多用不定式。 Lookingafterchildrenisherjob.照看小孩 Tocleantheclassroomishisjobtoday.打扫教室 Ilikeswimming,butIdon"tliketoswimtodaybecauseIdon"tfeelwell. 注意下列重点内容: ①begin和start本身为进行时,或后面动词为心理变化意义的动词时,须接不定式 Whenwecamein,theywerebeginningtohavesupper. Afterhisexplanation,Ibegantounderstandit/realizethatIwaswrong. ②有些词后面既可以接不定式.亦可接动名词,但其意义有很大区别,须特别注意 A.remember,forget,regret接动名词,表示完成意义(=havingdone),接不定式,表示将来意义 PleaseremembertobringmethebookIwantnexttime. Irememberseeingher(=havingseenher)somewherebefore. Don"tforgettowritetomesoon.
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com Ineverforgetvisiting(=havingvisited)themforthefirsttime. Iregretmissingthatgoodfilmlastweek.(后悔) Iregretnottaking(nothavingtaken)youradvice. IregrettosayIcan"ttakeyouradvice.(遗憾=besorry) B.mean:meantodo=wanttodo打算,想要…… meandoing:意味着,就是 IamsorryIdidn"tmeantohurtyourfeelings, Imeanttocallonyou,butIwassobusy. Learningaforeignlanguagedoesn"tmeanjustworkinginclass. C.stop:stoptodo停下来,要干另一件事(不定式作目的状语) stopdoing停止做(动名词作宾语) Aftersometime,theystoppedwalkingandhadarest. Afterwalkingsometime,theystoppedtohavearest. D.try:trytodo,努力,试图干…… trydoing:试着干…… Hesearchedeverywhereandtriedtofindhiskey. Hecametothecityfromthecountrysideandtriedtofindajob. Themotherisoutandtheboyhadtotrycookingforhimself. Theytriedtosucceedandtrieddoingtheirexperimentsagainandagain. E.want,need,require接动名词表示被动意义,接不定式就要i用被动式,这时主语与动名词之间为动宾关系。 Theseyoungtreesrequirelookingafter(=tobelookedafter). Thematterneedsthinkingover(=tobethoughtover). F.goon:goontodo继续干和原来不同的另一件事(不定式作目的状语)
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com goondoing继续干原来同一件事(动名词作宾语) Afterasmoke,hewentontellingusthatinterestingstory. Afterwritingthecompositionhewentontoworkouthismathsproblems. G.动词advise,allow,permit,forbid后面接单宾语时用动名词,接复合宾语时用动词不定式。 Doctorsadvisegivingupsmokingtobenefitone"shealth.(放弃) Thedoctoradvisedhimtogiveupsmokingsoastoimprovehishealth.(放弃) Shedoesn"tallow(permit)smokinginherroom.(允许) H.beconsideredtohavedone被认为已经做了…… consider…tobe认为是…… considerdoing考虑做某事 I.be(get)usedtodoing习惯于…… beusedtodo被用来做…… J.can’thelpdoing情不自禁做…… can’thelptodo不能帮助做…… 2.做宾补时的比较 不定式可以表示一次性、具体性行为,以及将来意义的行为。现在分词可以表示当时正在发生的进行意义的行为,亦可表示-个持续时间的延续性的行为动作。过去分词可以表示完成意义的行为或状态,及物动词的过去分词亦有被动意义,不及物动词的过去分词仍是主动意义。 WhenIcamein,Isawherdancinghappily. IoftenhearhersingsongsinEnglishinherroom. Theyhadthelightsburningallnightlong. IsawLiPingpassbyandenterthenextroomjustnow. Themotherwillhavethedoctorexaminehersonagain. TomorrowI"llhavemyhaircut. WhenIgothomeIfoundthewindowbrokenandthethiefgoneawayalready. Whentheyreturnedtotheirhometown,afteranabsenceoftwentyyears,theyfoundeverythingchanged. 3.做表语时的比较 不定式和动名词做表语解释主语内容,且可以和主语颠倒,意思仍然通顺,回答what的问题。它们有时存在经常性和一次性行为的区别,分词做表语表明主语的性质、特征和状态,不能和主语颠倒,可以回答how的问题。 Herjobiscleaningoffices.(Whatisherjob?)(=Cleaningofficesisherjob.) Ourjobtodayistocleantheoffice.(=Tocleantheofficeisourjobtoday.) Thenewsisveryexciting.(Howisthenews?) Theyareverytiredafteralongwalk. Thedoorislockednow. Thechildrenarewelldressedthesedays. 4.做定语时的比较
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 不定式做定语与先行词有动宾、主谓和解释先行词内容等关系。在时态上常是将来意义,现在分词做定语是现在时或进行时态意义;过去分词做定语则是完成时态意义。此外,不定式做定语时只能后置,不可前置,而单个分词做定语可前置,分词短语做定语则须后置。动名词做定语,须前置,且要重读,它表明先行词的用途。而分词做定语表明先行词的性质、特征和状态。 aswimmingboy=aboywhoisswimmingaswimmingpool=apoolforswimming theboilingwater=thewaterthatisboiling drinkingwater=waterfordrinking TodayIhavealettertowrite. Pleasefindamantohelpus. ItisagoodchancetopracticeyourspokenEnglish.练习你的口语 IlikereadingbookswrittenbyLuXun. ThewomanstandingoverthereisourEnglishteacher.站在那边的 Thehousetobebuilt(=whichwillbebuilt/whichistobebuilt)nextyearwillbeournewlibrary. Thehousebeingbuilt(=whichisbeingbuilt)nowwillbeournewlibrary. Thehousebuilt(=whichwasbuilt)lastyearisournewlibrarynow. 5.做状语时的比较 不定式和分词做状语各有不同分工。动词不定式多做目的、结果和原因状语,且多放在句末;分词 可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式状语,多置于句首,做伴随状语,多放在后面。分词用于godoing结构中作目的状语。 ①目的状语:通常有不定式表示,由于不定式的客观性和将来性特征。不定式前还可加上inorder,soas来加强说话的口气。但soasto通常不用于句首。 TheSmithshavegonetoLondontospendtheirholidays. Icamehere(inorder/soas)tohearthereport. Inorderto(不用soasto)seebetter,wetookfrontseats. ②时间状语:分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句。现在分词作时间状语一般位于句首,表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生,有时现在分词前可以加上时间连词。如果分词动作发生在谓语动词之前,用现在分词的完成体形式。过去分词作时间状语与谓语动词构成同时性和被动意义。分词前有时加上时间连词。 Arriving(=Whenhearrived)atthebusstop,hefoundhissisterthere. Waiting(=WhenIwaswaiting)toseethedoctor,Imetwithafriendofmine. Having(=Whenwehave)madefullpreparations,wearereadyforanexamination. Having(=Whenhehad)finishedhishomework,hewenttobed. Afterfinishinghishomework,hewenttobed. Seen(=Whenthetownisseen)fromthehill,thetownlooksmorebeautiful. Locked(=Whenhewaslooked)upintheroom,hefoundhimselfisolatedfromtheouterworld. Whenaskedtomakeaspeech,hesaidhewasgladtodoso.当请他作演讲时 Oncerecovered,hewillgoallouttodohiswork.一旦康复 ③原因状语:不定式作原因状语往往用于形容词之后,这些形容词通常是happy,sorry,fortunate,angry,glad,ashamed,discouraged,delighted,frightened,shocked等。分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句。一般位于句首。 Iamsorrytohearthatyouarenotwell. I"mverysorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.让你久等了
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com Wearegreatlydelightedtohaveanativeasourguide. Being(=Sincehewas)illalllastyear,helivedinasanatorium. Therebeingnoenoughmoney,hecouldn"tbuythedictionarythathewanted.由于没有钱 Having(=Sincetheyhad)beenaskedtostay,theycouldn"tpossiblyleaverightaway. Moved(=Ashewasmoved)bytheheroicdeedsofthePLAman,heburstintotears. ④条件状语:通常用分词来表示,相当于条件状语从句。一般位于句首。 Turning(=Ifyouturn)totheleft,youwillseethepostoffice. United(=Ifweareunited),westand;divided(=ifwearedivided),wefall. Given(=Ifhehadbeengiven)moretime,hewouldbeabletodobetter. ⑤结果状语从句:不定式作结果状语通常用于so+形容词或副词+asto,such+名词+asto,too…to,enoughto和onlyto等结构。现在分词作结果状语表示谓语动词的结果。 Hearrivedlatetofindthetraingone. Iworkedlateintothenight,onlytofindIhadnotfinishedhalfofthejob. Hewassofriendlyastobealwayshelpfultohisneighbors. Hisissuchasadstoryastoarouseoutsympathy. Iranfasterthanever,reachingtheschoolyardquiteoutofbreath. Themandiedyoung,leavingnothingbutdebt. ⑥让步状语:通常由过去分词来表示,而且前面通常有表示让步意义的though。 Thoughwounded,thesoldiermanagedtogettothevillagesafely. Thoughwarnedofthedanger,hestillwentskatingonthethinice. ⑦伴随或方式状语:分词作伴随状语通常位于句尾,表示谓语动词正在所处主动或被动的状态。 Chinesebusinessmen,taxidriversandstudentstalkwiththemusingEnglish. Shecamerunningtowardsus. Theywalkedalongthestreets,talkingandlaughing. Hewentintothehouse,followedbysomechildren. Hecontinuedtowalkupanddown,lostinthought. IV.关于therebe的非谓语形式 therebe非谓语形式可在句中作主语、宾语、状语和定语 1.作动词宾语时,通常用theretobe结构,而不用therebeing。能这样用的及物动词为:expect,like,mean,intend,want,prefer,hate等,如: Wedon"twanttheretobeanycomradeslaggingbehind.我们不希望有任何同志掉队。 Theyhatetheretobelongqueueseverywhere..他们不愿意处处都要排长队。 Wehavenoobjectiontotherebeingameetinghere.我们并不反对在这里开会。 2.作状语多用therebeing结构,但若置于介词for之后要用theretobe Therebeingnobodyelseathand,Ihadtodobymyself.由于附近没有人,我只得独自干了。(原因状语) It’stooearlyfortheretobeanybodyup.太早了,还不会有人起床。(作程度状语) Therehavingbeennorainforalongtime,thegroundwasverydry. 因为好长时间没下雨了,地面非常干燥。(原因状语)
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 3.作主语时两种结构都可以,但如是用for引导则要用theretobe. Itisnotuncommonfortheretobeproblemsofcommunicationbetweenoldandyoung. 老人与年青人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的。 Therebeingakindergartenoncampusisagreatconveniencetofemaleteachers. 校园内有幼儿园对女教师十分方便。 【高考预测】 1.—Whydon’tyoulikeTom?—Ithinkheisaman_________. A.tobeworkedwithB.workingwithC.toworkwithD.beingworkedwith 2.Hesaidthathe_________whathecould________us,buthewastoobusythen. A.woulddo,helpB.couldhavedone,tohelpC.wouldhavedone,helpingD.coulddo,helped 3.Wouldyoupleasetellmethewaythoughtof_________thegarden. A.takecareofB.totakecareofC.takingcareofD.howtotakecareof 4.—Youlookrathertiredtoday. —______nottomissthe4:20flight,Ididn’tdaretoclosemyeyes. A.RemindingB.Reminded C.BeingremindedD.Havingreminded 5.___________,themonumentcouldberestoredtoitsformerglory. A.IfrepairedwellB.IfrepairingwellC.TorepairwellD.Repairingwell 6.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid_______tothenotice. A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrily C.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing 7.OnAugust12,2009TyphoonMorakotsweptacrossTaiwanisland,_________alotofvillages___________. A.left;damagedB.leaving;damagingC.leaving;damagedD.left;damaging 8.Thefood,____________good,wassoonsoldoutwhenitwastakentothemarket.
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com A.tastedB.beingtastedC.tastingD.havingtasted 9.Walterofferedusaliftwhenhewasleavingtheoffice,butourwork_______,werefusedhisoffer. A.notfinishingB.hadnotbeenfinished C.nothavingfinishedD.notfinished 10.Withtoomanyconstructionprojects_________allthestrengthoutoftheeconomy,peopleofthesmallcountrycomplainedalot. A.suckingB.tosuckC.beingsuckedD.beingsucking 11.TimBemers-Leeisgenerallyconsidered_________theWorldWideWeb,onwhichalltheinformationissharedbyall. A.tohavefoundedB.havingfoundedC.foundingD.tofound 12.Onthebankoftheriver,wefoundhim______onabeach,withhiseyes_______onakiteinthesky. A.seated;fixingB.sitting;fixingC.seated;beingfixedD.sitting;fixed 13.Tigers_____meat-eatinganimals_____meats. A.belongedto;feedonB.belongingto;feedon C.werebelongedto;arefedonD.belongingto;arefedon 14.______fortheseriousaccident,thepresentofShanxiProvincehadtoresign. A.ToblameB.BlamingC.BeingtoblameD.Tobeblamed 15.Withsomebooksheneeded_________,hewentintothebookstorequickly. A.tobuyB.boughtC.tobeboughtD.buying 16.AftertheShenzhouVIcapsule(太空舱)toucheddown,twoastronautssucceededintravelingaroundthe earth,thusagain__________Chinaisaglobalspacepower. A.provingB.toproveC.tohaveprovedD.beingproved
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 17.Therewasanicelittlegiftforeveryone,withasuitablepoem_______toit. A.attachedB.tobeattachingC.toattachD.attaching 18.____byhisparentsforlong,Johnfeelssadintheheartthoughheappears_______bothered aboutit. A.Beingignored;nottobeB.Tobeignored;tohavenotbeen C.Ignored;nottobeD.Ignoring;notbeing 19.Weare_______totalkloudlyinthedormitorywhenothersaretakinganoon-break. A.supposedB.supposingC.notsupposedD.notsupposing 20.Thelatestsurvey,_________bywww.qq.com,foundmorethan12percentofteenagerswanttoworkaspilots. A.tobecarriedoutB.beingcarriedoutC.carriedoutD.havingbeencarriedout 21.TheconstructionofaneconomiczonetothewestcoastoftheTaiwanStraits,_____atpresent,willsurelystimulate(刺激)thedecliningeconomyonbothsidesoftheStraits. A.tobediscussedB.beingdiscussedC.discussedD.discussing 22.Theyoungmansatbackinhissofa,______withwhathehadworkedouttodowiththeremainingwork. A.havingsatisfiedB.beingsatisfiedC.TobesatisfiedD.satisfied 23.Annawasreadingapieceofsciencefiction,completely_____totheoutsideworld. A.havingbeenlostB.tobelostC.losingD.lost 24.—Thepolicehavecaughtthemurderer. —Yes,butherefusedtoadmit________hiswifeonarainynightsevenyearsago. A.tokillB.tohavekilledC.havingkilledD.havebeenkilling
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 25.________totrainhisdaughterinEnglish,heputanadlikethisinthepaper,“_________,anEnglishteacherforaten-year-oldgirl.” A.Determined;wantedB.Determined;wantingC.Determine;wantedD.Determining;wanting 26.—Lucydoesn’tseemtobewhatshewas. —No._________somuchinthewarhasmadehermorethoughtful. A.SeenB.HerseeingC.HavingseenD.Tohaveseen 27.twiceayear,whetheritisacarorabusoratruck,istherulethateverydrivermustobeyinthiscity. A.ExaminingB.ExaminedC.BeingexaminedD.Havingbeenexamined 28.Wehopethebuildingproject_________willbecompletedassoonaspossiblebecausealotofcitizensarecomplainingaboutthenoises. A.tobecarriedoutB.carriedoutC.beingcarriedoutD.carryingout 29.Anewteachnique_________theyieldsasawholeincreasedbyabout30percent. A.hadappliedB.havingappliedC.tohaveappliedD.havingbeenapplied 30.Thelonglastingwar,______withbloodanddeaths,endedinpeople’ssadness,_______noresult. A.filling;reachedB.filled;toreachC.filling;wouldreachD.filled;reaching 31.Thetwooldsisters,_______solong,heldeachotherandburstintotears. A.beingseparatedB.havingbeenseparatedC.havingseparatedD.hadbeenseparated 32.Somepeopleagainsttollbooths(收费站)arguethatroads,once___________,shouldbefree. A.buildingB.builtC.havingbuiltD.beingbuilt 33.Somethingextraordinaryhappenedinthathospital.Aman,________clinicallydead,suddenlycametolife. A.declaringB.beingdeclaredC.declaredD.havingdeclared
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 34._________yourreceipttothecustomerservicedepartmentandtheywillpaythemoneybacktoyou. A.HavingbroughtB.BringC.BringingD.Tobring 35.____itwithmeshouldbeagoodchoice.Trustme. A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave 36.Ireallycan"tunderstand_________herlikethat. A.youtreatB.youtotreatC.whytreatD.youtreating 37._____whathecando.Hemightgetajobtomorrow.Hemightstayoutofworkforweeks. A.Wedidn’tknowB.Hedoesn’tknowC.ThereisnoknowingD.Itwasknownthat 38.Therearealotofstudentsinthereadingroom,mostof_________withtheireyes_________onandtheirheadsbentovertheirbooks. A.whom;fixingB.them;fixedC.whom;fixedD.them;fixing 39.TheboyIconsidered______cheatedinthelastexam. A.tobehonestB.thatishonestC.washonestD.beinghonest 40.Thoughatyphoonisontheway,peoplearestilllookingforward_________theoutdoorconcertbythepopsinger. A.tocancelingB.nottocancelingC.nottocancelD.tonotcanceling 【参考答案】 1-5CBBBA6-10ACCDA11-15ADBCA16-20AACCC 21-25BDDCA26-30BCCDD31-35BBCBB36-40DCBAD 主从复合句(状语从句、名词性从句和定语从句) 【考点分析】 状语从句 1.when,while,as引导时间状语从句的区别; 2.名词词组theminute,themoment,thefirsttime,eachtime,anytime等用作连词,引导的时间状语从句; 3.before,和since引导时间状语从句的用法以及常见的几个句型; 4.till和until的用法;
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 5.although,though,as以及evenif,eventhough引导让步状语从句的用法; 6.结果状语从句中“so…that”与“such…that”的区别; 7.条件状语从句unless,providing/provided,suppose/supposing等引导词的用法; 8.“疑问词+ever”和“nomatter+疑问词”引导从句的用法; 9.incase引导的状语从句; 10.where引导的状语从句; 11.once引导的状语从句。 12.与祈使句、定语从句、名词从句、倒装句以及与强调句型的混合考查。 名词从句 1.that和what引导名词性从句的区别; 2.名词从句的语序和时态; 3.it作形式主语、形式宾语的几种情况; 4.宾语从句的否定转移; 5.whether和if的用法区别; 6.what在名词性从句中的使用; 7.doubt后的名词性从句的使用; 8.Who/whoever,what/whatever等的用法区别; 9.连接词that的省略; 定语从句 1.that与which引导的定语从句的区别; 2.who、whom与whose引导的定语从句的区别; 3.关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句的区别; 4.对“as”引导定语从句的考查; 5.such…as与such…that的区别;thesame…as与thesame…that的区别; 6.对“介词+关系代词”的考查; 7.theway作先行词时,定语从句的引导词作状语用inwhich,that或者省略; 8.含有插入语的定语从句; 9.与并列句、状语从句、同位语从句以及与强调句型的混合考查。 【知识点归纳】 I.句子的种类 复习主从复合句时,我们首先要对句子的种类有所了解,才能更深入地掌握主从复合句的知识。 按用途分种类类型例句陈述句肯定句Weloveourmotherland.我们热爱祖国。否定句Theydon’tgotoworkonSundays.他们星期日不上班。疑问句一般疑问句Areyouaworker?你是个工人吗?Haven’tyouseenthefilm?你没看过这部电影吗?特殊疑问句Whoistheman?这人是谁?WhendoyouwatchTV?你什么时间看电视?Whataretheydoingnow?他们现在正在干什么?
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com选择疑问句Doyouwantteaorcoffee?Eitherwilldo.你要茶水还是要咖啡?哪种都行。DoeshelearnJapaneseorFrench?HelearnsFrench.他学日语还是学法语?他学法语。反意疑问句Theyaregoingtotheairport,aren’tthey?他们要去机场,是吗?Youhaven’tfinishedyourhomework,haveyou?你没做完作业,是吗?祈使句肯定句Besuretogetthereateight.务必八点钟到那儿。否定句Don’tworry.I’llhelpyouout.别担心,我会帮助你的。感叹句what+名词Whatgreatchangeswehavehadtheseyears!这几年我们有了多么大的变化啊!Whatafinedayitis!多好的天气呀!how+形容词或副词Howbraveheis!他多么勇敢呀!Howhardtheyareworking!他们工作多努力呀!how+句子Howtimeflies!时间过得多么快呀!How+adj.+a(an)+n.=Whata(an)+adj.+nHowniceaboy(heis)!=Whataniceboy(heis)!多好的孩子啊!按结构分种类类型例句简单句主+谓Theydisappeared.他们消失了。主+谓+宾Helikesswimming.他喜欢游泳。Wehelpeachother.我们互相帮助。主+谓+间宾+直接宾Itoldmyfriendthegoodnews.我把好消息告诉了我的朋友。Theysentusatelegram.他们给我们拍了电报。主+谓+宾+宾补TheynamedtheboyJack.他们给孩子起名叫杰克。Iwanteverythingreadybyeighto’clock.我要求一切都要在八点前准备好。主+系+表Sheisauniversitystudent.她是一名大学生。Hehasbecomeapilot.他已成为一名飞行员。并列句并列关系and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor,both…and,not…but,Either you do it, or I ask for somebody else to do it. 要么你来做,要么我请其他人来做。 Neither Tom nor Jack has finished the homework. 汤姆和杰克都没有完成作业。 Not couldn’t they complete the task, but the task was too tough. 不是他们完不成任务,而是任务太重了。
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com转折关系but,while(而,尽管)nevertheless(然而;不过)John likes playing basketball, but he didn’t play it yesterday. 约翰喜欢打篮球,但他昨天没打。选择关系or,otherwiseorelse,either…orWemusthurry,orwe’llmissthetrain.我们必须快点,否则会赶不上火车。EitheryoucometomyplaceorIgotoyours.或者你到我这儿来,或者我到你那去。因果关系for,so,thus,therefore,andsoWehadbetterstayathome,foritwasraining.我们最好呆在家里,因为天正在下雨。Hedidn’tworkhard,thereforehefailedintheexamination.他学习不努力,因此这次考试不及格。复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体,从句是全句的一个成分,不能独立。从句有:名词性从句(主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句和同位语从句)状语从句定语从句(详细请看以下内容) II.状语从句 状语从句是每年高考必考的内容,在高考试题中加上其它从句的干扰,以及倒装句,强调句的介入,使得状语从句更为复杂。 1.时间状语从句 由下列连词引导:when,while,as,before,after,once,till,until,since,assoonas,nowthat,hardly…when,scarcely…when,nosooner…than,有一些表示时间的副词(短语)或名词短语也可引导时间状语从句。如:directly,instantly,immediately,bythetime,themoment,thesecond,theminute,theinstant,everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thelasttime等 重点内容如下: ①when,while,as引导的时间状语从句 ▲as表示“当……的时候”,往往和when/while通用,但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。 ShecameupasIwascooking.(同时) Therunnersstartedasthegunwentoff.(几乎同时) ▲when(atorduringthetimethat)既可以表示在某一点的时候,又可表示在某一段时间内,主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。 Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.(指时间点) Whenwewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday.(在一段时间内)
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com Whenwearrivedthere,thefilmhadalreadybegun.(先后发生) ▲while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生,从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示aperiodoftime时,两者可以互换。 Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhile/whenothersareworking. Hefellasleepwhile/whenreading. Strikewhiletheironishot.(不可用as或when,这里的while意思是“趁……”) ②before状语从句的重点句型 ▲……之后……才:ItwasalongtimebeforeIgottosleep. ▲不多久……就:Itwasn’tlongbeforehetoldmeabouttheaffair. ▲不等……就:BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme. ▲刚……就:Hehardlyenteredtheroombeforeheheardthetelephonering. ▲先……再:Youcanhaveafewdaystothinkaboutitbeforeyoumakeyourdecision. ③since引导的从句用延续性动词的过去式(包括过去完成时),则从句的动作已经结束,从句意思是否定的。如果从句的动词是延续性的用完成时态,从句意思是肯定的。 ▲HehasneverbeentoseemesinceIwasill.我病愈后,他一直未来看我。(不在生病了) ▲HehasneverbeentoseemesinceIhavebeenill.我病了,他一直未来看我。 ▲Ihaven’theardfromhimsincehelivedhere. 自从他这里搬走,我就没有收到他的信。(不住在这儿了) ▲Iknowhimverywellsincehehaslivedherenearus.自他住在我们附近以来,我对他很了解。 ▲It’sthreeyearssinceIwasinthearmy.我退伍已三年了。(不在服役了) ▲It’sthreeyearssinceIhavebeeninthearmy=It"sthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy. 我入伍已三年了。 ④如果与till与until从句使用的主句是肯定的,则主句中谓语要用延续性动词如果与其使用的主句是否肯定的,则主句中谓语要用短暂性动词。另till从句不可以置于句首,只有until从句可以放在句首。notuntil放在句首时主句要倒装。 2.原因状语从句 由下列连词引导:as(由于),because(因为),since(既然),now(that)(既然),consideringthat(顾及到),seeingthat(由于)。 IdoitbecauseIlikeit.因为我喜欢我才干。(because不能与so连用) Hecouldn’thaveseenme,becauseIwasnotthere.他不可能见过我,因为当时我不在那儿。 Seeing(that)quiteafewpeoplewereabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff. 由于好些人都没到会,我们决定延期开会 Nowthat/Sinceyouareallhere,let’stryandreachadecision. 既然大家都来了咱们就设法做一个决定吧 Asshewasill,shedidn’tcometotheparty. 由于病了,她没来参加晚会。 Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob. 考虑到他们才刚刚学做,他们干得算很不错的了。
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 重点内容如下: ①because语气最强,用于回答why的提问,可与强调词only,just以及否定词not连用。但不可以与so连用。如Youshouldn’tgetangryjustbecausesomepeoplespeakillofyou.另外注意与not连用时否定的转移。Hedidn’tdosuchathingbecausehewasafraidofhiswife.他并不是因为怕他的妻子才做这样的事。 Cf:Hedidn’tdosuchathing,becausehewasafraidofhiswife.因为怕妻子,他没有做这样的事。 because引导的从句可以被强调: ItwasbecauseshewantedtostudyabroadthatsheenteredforTOEFL ②as语气较弱,since语气也较弱,但比as正式一些,所说明的原因比较明显或是已知的事实,多用于口语中,所以不应该强调。常置于句首。 Asalltheseatswerefull,hestoodthere. Sinceyouaregoing,I’llgo,too. ③for虽解释为“因为”但只是一个并列连词,它引导的是并列句,不是原因状语从句。 Thedaywasshort,foritwasDecember. 3.地点状语从句 由下列连词引导:where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere。 Anywherehewent,hegotwarmwelcome. Thegirltakesthedollwithhereverywhereshegoes. WuhanlieswheretheYangtzeandtheHanRivermeet.武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。 Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者,事竟成。 You’dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions. 哪儿有问题,你最好在哪儿做个记号。(这里where引导的从句不是定语从句) 4.结果状语从句 由下列连词引导:that,so…that,sothat(从句中不带情态动词),such…that,withtheresultthat等。 注意以下几种结构: ①so+adj/adv+that… ②such(a/an+adj)+n+that… ③so+adj+a/an+n+that=sucha/an+adj+n+that… ④somany/much/few/little(少)+n+that… 注意以上结构与定语从句so/such…as的区别。 Thisissuchaninteresting/sointerestingafilmthat/aseveryonewantstoseeit/(it) Hedidn’tplanhistimewellsothat/sohedidn’tfinishtheworkintime. 他没把时间计划好,结果没按时完成这项工作。 Weleftinsuchahurrythatweforgottolockthedoor. 我们走得匆忙,把门都忘了锁了。 Thevillageissosmallthatitcannotbeshowninthemap. 这村子太小,所以这地图上没有。 Jennyissuchaclevergirlthatalltheteacherslikeherverymuch =Jennyissocleveragirlthatalltheteacherslikeherverymuch Jenny是如此聪明的女孩,以至老师们都非常喜欢她。 IhavehadsomanyfallsthatIamblackandblueallover.
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 我摔了许多跤,以至于浑身青一块紫一块 Hehassofewfriendsthatheoftenfeelslonely. 他朋友很少,所以经常感到孤独。 IhadsolittlemoneythenthatIcouldn’taffordalittlepresent. 我当时囊中羞涩连一份小小礼物都买不起 5.目的状语从句 由下列连词引导:sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat等。目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词can,could,may,might,should连用目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词can,could,may,might,should连用。(sothat也可用来引导结果状语从句,但从句中不带情态动词) Let’stakethefrontseats(so)thatwemayseemoreclearly. 我们坐前排吧,这样我们看得更清楚些。 Schoolwasclosedearlyinorderthatthechildrenmightgohomeaheadofthestorm. 早点儿放学是为了让孩子们在暴风雨到来之前回家。 Hetookthenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit. 他把名字写下省得忘了。(该从句中一般用情态动词should+动词原形,或省略should) Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold. 最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。 注意:sothat引导的目的状语从句只能放在主句之后,inorderthat引导的目的状语从句可以放在主句之前或之后。 6.条件状语从句 分为真实条件句和非真实条件句(用在虚拟语气中)。 表示条件的状语从句可以由if(如果),unless(除非),incase(万一),so/aslongas(只要),as/sofaras(就……而言),onconditionthat(条件是……)suppose(假设)supposing(假设)(仅用在问句中) 等词或词组引导。一般情况下当主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时。 As/Solongaswedon’tloseheart,we’llfindawaytoovercomethedifficulty. 只要我们不灰心,我们就能找到克服困难的方法。 Sendusamessageincaseyouhaveanydifficulty.万一你有什么困难,请给我们一个信儿。 Ifyouleaveat6o’clocktomorrowmorning,you’dbettergettobednow. 如果你明早6点钟走,你最好现在就上床。 We’llletyouusetheroomonconditionthatyoukeepitcleanandtidy. 只要你能保持整洁,我们可以让你使用这个房间。 As/SofarasIknow,heisanexpertonDNA.据我所知,他是一个DNA专家。 He’llacceptthejobunlessthesalaryistoolow/ifthesalaryisnottoolow. 他会接受这项工作的,除非薪水太少/如果薪水不太少的话。 Suppose/Supposingwecan’tgetenoughfood,whatshallwedo? 假设我们弄不到足够的食物,那我们怎么办? 7.让步状语从句 由下列连词引导:although,though,as,evenif,eventhough,while,whether…or,whoever,whatever,however,nomatter+疑问词等。
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com Wewon’tbediscouragedevenif(=eventhough)wefailtentimes. 我们就是失败十次也不泄气。 Itwasanexcitinggame,though/althoughnogoalswerescored. 那是一场精彩的球赛,尽管一个球都没进。 Whetheryoubelieveitornot,it’strue.不管你信不信,这是真的。 However(=Nomatterhow)expensiveitmaybe,I’lltakeit.无论它有多贵,我也要买下它。 Don’tletthemin,whoever(=nomatterwho)theyare.不管他们是谁,别让他们进来。 NomatterwhatIsayorhowIsayit,healwaysthinksI’mwrong.无论我说什么或怎么说,他总认为是我错。 注意以下几点: ①although,though引导让步状语从句时,主句前不能用but,但可以加yet,stil。 Herefuseshelpalthoughhehasmanyfriendswhowanttoofferallkindsofhelp. ②as引导让步状语从句时,必须用前置结构,通常是从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在句首,放在句首的名词前的冠词要去掉。 Childas(though)heis,heknowsalot.(注意在child前不要用冠词) MuchasIlikeit,Iwon’tbuy. Tryashewould,hecouldn’tlifttheheavybox. 8.方式状语从句 由下列连词引导:as,asif,asthough,theway等。 Doitthewayyouweretold. 注意以下几点: ①as引导方式状语从句时意义为“按照”,“如同”,前面常用加强语势。 Ididitjustasyoutoldme. ②asif和asthough引导的从句中,谓语常用虚拟语气,有时也用陈述语气。 ③连词while和whereas可表示对比。 Whereasheisratherlazy,sheisquiteenergetic. 9.比较状语从句 由下列连词引导:as…as,notas…as,notso…as,than等(详情请参见【专题三】形容词和副词)。 10.注意状语从句中的省略现象 ①连接词+过去分词
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com Unlessrepaired,thewashingmachineisnouse. ②连词+现在分词 Lookoutwhilecrossingthestreet. ③连词+形容词/其他 常见的有ifnecessary、ifpossible、whennecessary、ifany等。 ④比较状语从句中的省略句。如:Hearrivedhomehalfanhourearlierthan(hehadbeen)expected. III.名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(NounClauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 引导名词性从句的连词可分为三类: ①that(不充当从句的任何成分,无词义。只起连接作用,因此往往可以省略。) whether,if(不充当从句的任何成分,均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性。不可以省略。) asif,asthough(均表示“好像”,“似乎”) ②what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which ③when,where,how,why Whocleanedtheblackboardisnotknownyet.谁擦的黑板还不知道。 Whathesaidisnottrue.他说的不是实话 Thathe’llcometoseeusisreallygreat.他来看我们真是太好啦。 Idon’tknowwhyheisabsent.我不知道为什么他不在。 Thequestioniswhetherhewilljoinusnexttime.问题是下次他是否跟我们一起干。 Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 1.主语从句 ①由从属连词引导的主语从句: Whetherthecountryshouldbuildanuclearpowerstationissomethingwemustdiscuss. 那个国家是否应该建立核电站…… Thatlighttravelsinstraightlineisknowntoall.光以直线传播 ②由连接代词引导的主语从句: Whatweneedismoretime.我们所需要的是…… Whicheverbookyouchoosedoesn’tmattertome.无论你选哪本书…… Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.无论谁来…… ③由连接副词引导的主语从句: Whentheplaneistotakeoffhasn’tbeenannounced.飞机什么时候起飞…… Wherehehasbeenisstillapuzzle.他到过哪儿…… Howmuchwaterisflowingcanbemeasuredeasily.水的流量是多少…… ④关于形式主语it ▲It+be+形容词+that-从句 Itisnecessarythat…有必要…… Itisimportantthat…重要的是…… Itisobviousthat…很明显…… Itislikelythat….很可能 ▲It+be+-ed分词+that-从句 Itisbelievedthat…人们相信…… Itisknowntoallthat…众所周知……
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com (注意该句型的变式:Itisknowntoallthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.=Asisknowntoall,theearthgoesaroundthesun.=Whatisknowntoallisthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.) Ithasbeendecidedthat…已决定…… ▲It+be+名词+that-从句 Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常识 Itisasurprisethat…令人惊奇的是…… Itisafactthat…事实是…… 可应用于此句型的名词还有fact/shame/honor/question/pity等。 ▲It+不及物动词+that-分句 Itappearsthat…似乎…… Ithappensthat…碰巧…… Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起…… Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherhelikesornot. 2.表语从句 可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等等。 Theproblemisthatmillionsofpeopledieofillnessescausedbysmoking. ……数百万人死于由抽烟引起的疾病 Thequestionremainswhetherwecanwinthegame…..我们是否能赢得这次比赛 That’sjustwhatIwant.……我想要的 Thisiswhereourproblemlies.……我们的问题所在 Thedifficultyishowwecanhelpsmokerskicktheirhabit……我们如何帮助吸烟的人…… 注意:
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com ①表语从句的表现形式除了用从属连词,连接代词和连接副词引导以外,还可以由as,asif,asthough引导 Thingswerenotastheyseemed. Itlooksasthoughitisgoingtorain.好象要下雨了。 ②另外还要注意以下常用的两种结构:Thereasonwhy…isthat…(而不用because) It(This,That)isbecause… Thereasonwhyhewasdismissedisthathedidn’tworkhard.他为什么被开除是因为他工作不努力。 Itisbecausethetobaccocompanieswanttoremaininbusiness. 3.同位语从句 同位语从句一般由that,whether等连词引导,常放在advice,doubt,fact,hope,idea,information,message,news,order,possibility,problem,question,reason,truth,word,suggestion.等名词的后面,说明该名词的具体内容。 Thenewsthathehadlandedonthemoonspreadallovertheworld.登陆月球……. Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.……什么时候回来 ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill……Mary也许病了 Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.……是否同意 4.宾语从句 宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语,介词的宾语,某些形容词的宾语以及非谓语动词的宾语。 ①及物动词后的宾语从句: Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport……任何需要帮助的人…… Iwonderwhysherefusedmyinvitation……她为什么拒绝了我的邀请 ②介词后的宾语从句: IalwaysthinkofhowIcanimprovemyspokenEnglish.我总是在思考如何提高我的口语水平。 Theteacherissatisfiedwithwhatshehassaid.老师对他所说的话很满意。 ③某些形容词后的宾语从句: IamsurethatyouwillmakegreaterprogressinEnglishthroughhardwork. ……通过努力工作,你将取得更大的进步 Wearesurprisedthathehasleftwithoutsayinggoodbyetous…….他没有告别就走了
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com ④非谓语动词后的宾语从句: Realizingthatitwasjustadifferenceincustom,theforeignersmiledandsaidnothing OnbeingaskedwhetherhehadhadagoodtimeinAustralia,heanswered“Terrible”. ⑤关于形式宾语it Wemustmakeitclearthatanyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunished. 我们必须清楚任何违犯法律的人都将受到惩罚。 Ifinditnecessarythatweshouldaskhimforhisadvice.我发现我们有必要征求他的意见。 5.名词性从句重难点 ①在名词性从句中,疑问句要用陈述句的语序。例如: ▲Canyoumakesure____thegoldring? A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceput C.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput ▲Youcan"timagine__whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents. A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited ②动词doubt用在疑问句或否定句中,其后宾语从句常用that作连接词;用在肯定句中,连接词用whether或if皆可,而不用that。 Doyoudoubtthathewillwin? Idon"tdoubtthatyourpropositioniswrong. HedoubtwhetherIknowit. ③否定转移问题。 ▲将think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等动词后面跟宾语从句时否定转移 Idon"tthinkIknowyou. 我想我并不认识你。 Idon"tbelievehewillcome. 我相信他不回来。 Wedon"texpecthewillcometonight,willhe? 注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。 Ihopeyouweren"till.我想你没有生病吧。 ▲将seem,appear等后的从句的否定转移 Itdoesn"tseemthattheyknowwheretogo.看来他们不知道往哪去。 Itdoesn"tappearthatwe"llhaveasunnydaytomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。 ④主谓一致问题。 Whathewantedtoseewasanendtoallthearmiesoftheworld. WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks. ⑤语气问题 ▲在含有suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,insist,desire,require,advise等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,that从句常用“should+动词原形”的结构 Isuggestwe(should)setoffatonce.我建议我们应该立刻出发。 ▲在Itis+过去分词+that的主语从句中
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.comdecided,demanded,desired,insisted,ordered,proposed,suggested,recommended,requested,required等。 Itisdesiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadythisevening. ▲在表语从句或同位语从句中 Thesuggestionthatthemayor(should)presenttheprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone. ▲在Itis(was)+形容词+that从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should+)动词原形,表示建议或不满、惊奇等情绪。常用于此类的形容词有essential,important,natural,necessary,possible,strange,等 Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent____atleastaforeignlanguage.(上海1993) A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster ⑥What引导名词从句的特殊含义: ▲Whatwasonceregardedasimpossiblehasnowbecomeareality. (what为“所……的事”,相当于“thethingthat…;allthat…;everythingthat…”) ▲After________seemedaverylongtime,Iopenedmyeyeandfoundmyselfinbed.(MET"93) A.whatB.whenC.thatD.which (what相当于“thetimethat”,表示“……时间”) ▲Heisnotwhathewasafewyearsago.WhoisitthathasmadeFredwhatheisnow? (what表示“……的人”,相当于“thepersonthat…”) ▲WhatisnowtheNorthSaharaDesertwasonceacivilizedworld. (what表示“……的地方”,相当于“theplacethat…”) ▲Ourincomeisnowdoublewhatitwastenyearsago (what表示“……的数目”,相当于“theamount/numberthat…”) ⑦不可省略的连词: ▲介词后的连词不可省略 BeforeIcamedownstairsIhadpreparedmyselfverycarefullyforwhatImustsay. 下楼之前,我已经把我要说的认真准备好了。 ▲引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略 Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.她被选上了,我们很高兴。 Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我们听到消息说我们队赢了。 ▲宾语从句有多个that引导时,从第二个及其后面的that不能省略 Ibelieve(that)youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter. ⑧比较:whether与if均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下,whether不能被if取代: ▲whether引导主语从句在句首 Whethershecomesornotdoesn’tconcernme.她是否来与我无关。 ▲引导表语从句 Hisfirstquestionwaswhethershehadarrivedyet.他问第一个问题就是她来了没有。 ▲引导同位语从句 Answermyquestionwhetheryouarecoming.回答我你是否来的问题。 ▲whether从句作介词宾语
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.我担心是否伤了她的感情。 ▲与ornot连在一起 Idon’tknowwhetherornotheisgoingtoJapan.我不知道他是否去日本。 大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用it充当形式主语。例如: Itisnotimportantwhowillgo.谁去,这不重要。 Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthematch.到底谁赢呢,形势尚不明朗。 IV.定语从句 (一)基本概念 1.由一个句子作定语,修饰句中一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰整个句子或句中的部分内容,这样的从句就是定语从句,被其修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 2.关系词分为两大类,即关系代词和关系副词,其作用一是引出一个定语从句,二是代替其所修饰的先行词,三是在句中充当某个句子成分。 关系词的分类和基本用法 表一分类指代引导词关系代词人who,whom,that,as事物which,that,as人或物(表所属关系)Whose关系副词地点Where时间When原因Why表二关系代词指代例句解释who人ThemanwhohelpedyouisMrWhite.在定从中作主语whomThatistheperson(whom/who/that)youwanttosee.在定从中作宾语,可省略whoseHeisthefatherwhosesonstudiesverywellinourclass.在定从中作定语thatI´mnotthefoolthatyouthoughtmetobe.在定从中作表语asHeissuchalazymanasnobodywantstoworkwith.在定从中作宾语that事物Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomeadvice.在定从中作宾语whichAdictionaryisausefulbookwhichtellsusthemeaningofwords在定从中作主语whoseHelivesinaroomwhosewindowfacessouth在定从中作定语
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.comasItissuchabigstoneasnobodycanlift.在定从中作宾语整句内容Asisknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.在定从中作主语表三关系副词指代例句解释when时间Wouldyousuggestatimewhenwecanhaveatalk?在定从中作状语where地点Thehousewheretheyliveisnotverylarge.在定从中作状语why原因Thisisthereasonwhyhedidnotcametothemeeting.在定从中作状语 (二)定语从句的注意点 本部分的内容比较复杂,为便于考生一目了然,我们试图用表格的形式呈现给考生。 1.that与which,who,whom的用法区别情况用法说明例句只用that的情况①先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代词时②先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时③先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时④先行词既指人又指物时⑤先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时⑥句中已经有who或which时,为了避免重复时①Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows. ②Allthebooksthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout.③ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.④Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.⑤HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.⑥Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?只用which,who,whom的情况①在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom指人②在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能用which指物,whom指人。③先行词本身是that时,关系词用which,先行词为those,one,he时多用who。①Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.②Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.③Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.只用that,inwhich或不用关系词的情况theway做先行词时①Mary,thereisonewaythatyoucouldstopotherstalkingaboutyouandcriticizingyou.②Iwasstruckbythe
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.combeautyofthewayinwhichshestood.③Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_______hesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich2.as、which和that的区别从句区别例句限制性定语从句中名词前有such和thesame修饰时,关系代词用as,不能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.非限制性定语从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如,象”的含义,并可以放在主句前,也可以放在后面,那么用as;而which引导的从句只能放主句后,并无“正如”的意思。Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.thesame...as和thesame...thatthesame...as指同类事物thesame...that指原物That’sthesametoolasIusedlastweek.(同类工具,不是同一把)That’sthesametoolthatIusedlastweek.那就是我上周用过的工具。3.where、when与why引导的定语从句关系副词用法例句where关系副词where引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作地点状语,其修饰的名词必须是表示(具体或抽象的)地点的名词。We’rejusttryingtoteachapoint___bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.A.whereB.thatC.whenD.whichwhen关系副词when引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作时间状语,其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。Therewas________time________Ihatedtogotoschool.A.a;thatB.a;whenC.the;thatD.the;when
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.comwhy关系副词why引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作原因状语,其修饰的名词必须是表示原因的名词。Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewasputintoprison?你知道她坐牢的原因吗? 4.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 当关系代词作介词宾语,且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时,介词可以提前,这样就出现“介词+关系代词”。先行词指物,用“介词+which/whose”,指人则用“介词+whom/whose”,且两个关系代词均不能省略。介词的选择要遵循两个原则:原则内容例句原则一根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedirection__________shehadcome.A.ofwhichB.bywhichC.inwhichD.fromwhich此题考查由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,根据句意用fromwhich表示“所来的那个方向”,故答案选原则二根据先行词而定Therearetwobuildings,_______standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.A.thelargerB.thelargerofthemC.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhichthelargerofwhich指代thelargerofthetwobuildings,which在定语从句中指代building,作介词of的宾语,故答案为。 5.定语从句与先行词被分割开来的现象 定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词;但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分,使它与先行词分隔开来,这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句,在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况,在阅读是要注意识别先行词的修饰对象。现象例句在定语从句加中插入语,常见的有:Ithink,Isuppose,Iguess,Iimagine等。辨别的方法是:去掉插入语后,原句句法结构仍然完整。①---Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?---Right,justtheone________youknowIusedtoworkforyears.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whatwork是不及物动词,先行词one在定语从句中只能作地点状语,Youknow在句中作插入语,所以答案选。②Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,______ofimportancetoscience.
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.comA.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkis这里Ithink是插入语,which引导非限制性定语从句,故选[A]。在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语Therearemanythousandsofstarsintheskythatarelikethesun.在太空中有成千上万的象太阳般的星星。乍一看,that引导的定语从句在名词sky的后面,似乎应该是修饰sky的。但仔细一想,”不对啊,天空怎么能象太阳呢?“,原来that引导的定语从句被inthesky这个地点状语分隔开来,修饰中心词stars。 在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语DoyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace?你还记得吗,十年前的一天下午,我来到你家,找你借了一条钻石项链?whenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace实际上是修饰afternoon而不是修饰years。tenyearsago实际上是定语后置修饰afternoon。 先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。此时,先行词通常是句子的主语,因定语从句较长,主句谓语较短,为使句子平衡,常将定语从句移至谓语之后AnewmasterwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.6.定语从句与其它从句(句型)的区别类别区别例句定语从句与并列句定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于:并列句有像and,but,so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接,这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。①MrLihasthreedaughters,noneof_____isanengineer.②MrLihasthreedaughters,butnoneof_____isadancer.从结构上看,①小题是定语从句,故填whom;②小题有并列连词but,是并列句,故填代词them。
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com定语从句与状语从句定语从句的前面有名词作先行词,而状语从句没有先行词。Thisistheplacewhereweusedtoliveafewyearsago.这是几年前我们居住的地方。(定语从句,先行词为theplace)Let’sgowherewecanfindabetterjob.我们到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。(地点状语从句)定语从句修饰、限制、说明名词,只能放在先行词的后面,而状语从句说明动作发生的情况,并且可以放在主句的前面。Doyouknowthetimewhentheclassisover?你知道下课的时间吗?(定语从句)Itwasalreadyfiveo’clockwhentheclasswasover.=Whentheclasswasover,itwasalreadyfiveo’clock.当下课时己经是5点了。(时间状语从句)When,where和why在引导定语从句时可以用“介词+which”的结构来替换,在引导状语从句时却不行。Thisisthefactoryinwhich(where)hisfatheronceworked.这就是他的父亲曾经工作过的那个工厂。(定语从句)Putbackthebookwhereitwas.把书放回原处。(状语从句)定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当某种句子成分,因此去掉它则从句成分不完整;而结果状语从句中的连接词在从句中不作任何成分,去掉后从句的成分仍然完整。Itissuchaninterestingbookaswealllike.它是我们大家都喜欢的如此有趣的书。(as用作动词like的宾语,它引导的是定语从句)Itissuchaninterestingbookthatwealllikeit.它是一本如此有趣的书,我们大家都喜欢它。(that不充当句子成分,故它引导的是结果状语从句)定语从句与同位语从句定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词,对先行词起修饰、描述或限制的作用,与先行词之间有从属关系。同位语的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词给予补充说明或进一步解释,是前面名词的具体内容,与先行词之间是同位关系。Thenewsthatshehadpassedtheexammadeherparentsveryhappy.她考试及格的消息使她父母亲很高兴。(同位语从句)此句中的同位语从句Thenewsthatshehadpassedtheexam可以改写成表语从句:Thenewsisthathepassedtheexam.Thenewsthathetoldusinterestedallofus.他告诉我们的消息使大家都感兴趣。(定语从句)
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.comThenewsthathetoldus是定语从句,此句不能改写为:Thenewsisthathetold us.定语从句与强调句强调句的结构为“Itis/was+被强调部分+that+从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分,当被强调部分是人时,还可用who代替that。这一句型中,一定不能因为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词就用when或where代替that。①ItisonthemorningofMay1st_____ImetLiangWeiattheairport.②Itisthefactory_____MrWangworks.从结构上看:①小题是强调句,故填that。②小题则是定语从句,用上述方法转换便知thefactory前差个介词in,故填where。 此外还要注意下列两点: ▲定语从句与习惯句型 用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确。 ①Itisthefirsttime_____shehasbeeninShanghai. ②Itwasthetime_____Chinesepeoplehadahardlife. 解析:这里①小题是一个习惯句型,其结构为:Itis/wasthefirst/second...time+that从句。故①填that,其意为:这是她第一次在上海。②小题thetime是先行词,其后是表示时间的定语从句,故填when。 ▲定语从句与简单句 用一个恰当的词完成下列句子,使之完整与正确。 ①Themothertoldthelazyboytowork,_____didn"thelp. ②Themothertoldthelazyboytowork._____didn"thelp. 解析:含有定语从句的复合句与两个单句的主要区别在于:前者有主句,有从句,必须有关系词;而后者则是两个单独的句子,不需要任何关联词。①小题两个句子用逗号连接且没有并列连词,显然应是主从句关系,因此需用关系词which,前面整个句子作先行词;②小题则填It,代替前面的整个句子。解题时,注意标点符号的运用。 【高考预测】 1.______isknowntousallisthatShenzhouVIIhaslaunchedforthefirstspacewalksuccessfully. A.ThatB.WhatC.ItD.As 2.BarackObamadeliveredaspeechto500localyouthsduringhisvisittoChina,manyof_______werefrom FudanUniversityandTongjiUniversity. A.themB.whomC.whichD.those 3.Mostofusstillwonder_______itis_______makesthosehonestpeasantworkers,withoutbeingpaidatall,resignthemselvestothebosses. A.what;thatB./;whatC.that;whatD./;that 4.—Joinusinthepartytonight,wouldyou? —Sorry,I’mafraidIcan’t,______I______thecontentofsomereportswithmyboss. A.for;havediscussedB.because;willbediscussing
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com C.before;discussedD.when;willhavediscussed 5.—I’mgoingtoNewYorkforfurtherstudiesnextterm. —Congratulations!________you’rethere,canyoukeepmee-mailed? A.AsB.WhileC.BecauseD.If 6.ProbablynomanhadmoreeffectsonthedailylivesofpeopleintheUnitedStates________HenryFord________. A.as;wasB.than;wasC.than;didD.as;did 7.Therearealotofstudentsinthereadingroom,mostofwiththeireyesonandtheirheadsbentovertheirbooks. A.whom;fixingB.them;fixedC.whom;fixedD.them;fixing 8.Youngpeoplewhohavegotjobsmayrealizeuniversitylessonscan’tbetheonlypreparationforallofthesituations________appearintheworkingworld. A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what 9.Facedwithchallenges,youshouldbelieveyourcourageis__________makesadifference. A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whatever 10.—Doyouhaveanyideaofrugby? —Abosolutely.Itisasport______playersholdtheballandrunwithit. A.whichB.whenC.whyD.where 11.Whatwasit_________causedthemodemnationstochangetheirmind_________theyshouldhelptopreservetheRoma’shistory? A./;whyB.that;thatC.that;/D.what;that 12.WewenttotheLincolnMemorialyesterday,,notsurprisingly,wascrowdedwithvisitorsfromallovertheworld.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when 13.Itwastheveryplace_________thesoldiersfoughtoversixtyyearsago. A.thatB.whichC.whereD.there 14.Hardly______whenthebussuddenlypulledaway. A.theyhadgottothebusstopB.theygottothebusstop C.didtheygettothebusstopD.hadtheygottothebusstop 15.Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproduced______tractorsin1998astheyearbefore. A.asmanytwiceB.astwiceasmanyC.twiceasmanyD.twiceasmanyas 16.YoucanflytoUKthismorning_____youdon’tmindchangingplanesinHongKong. A.becauseB.providedC.unlessD.sofaras 17.It’sthesameinChina---manypeople,_____somearenotoverweightatall,arealwaysgoingondiets ortakingweight-losspills,______areoftendangerous. A.whose;whichB.ofwhich;whoC.ofwhom;whichD.who;that 18.Is_________48hours_________theman-madesatellite_________ismadeinourcountrytoorbittheplanetaround? A.it;that;whereB.it;when;thatC.itfor;thatittakes;thatD.it;thatittakes;which 19.Is_________48hours_________theman-madesatellite_________ismadein
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.comourcountrytoorbittheplanetaround? A.it;that;whereB.it;when;thatC.itfor;thatittakes;thatD.it;thatittakes;which 20._____occurredtomethatthemurderhappened____arainyday. A.What;inB.What;onC.It;inD.It;on 21.Theoldmanhasasonandtwodaughters,______treatinghimwell,______makeshimsad. A.noneofthem;whichB.andnoneofwhom;that C.noneofwhom;whichD.andnoneofthem;that 22.Manyexpertsholdtheview____teachers’developmentis_____thekeytobettereducationlies. A.which;whereB.which;whatC.that;whereD.that;which 23.WasitinDisneyland,______manycartooncharacterscanbeseen,______thefilmwasset? A.that;whereB.that;whenC.inwhich;whereD.where;that 24.theworldeconomyisindifficulty,wecansee,thepeopleofChinaarefullofhope. A.As;/B.Because;whichC.Though;asD.With;/ 25.Thereason______beinglateforthemeetingwas______hislittlesonfellillthismorning. A.for,thatB.why,thatC.for,becauseD.why,because 26._______shehadtimetorealizewhatwashappening,shewashitonthehead. A.SinceB.BeforeC.WhenD.Until 27.Whatimpressesmemostis______heappearsinfrontofothers,hewearsasincereandcharmingsmile. A.whatB.whichC.thatwhereD.thatwhenever 28.______IfailedinEnglishathirdtime,Ihadnodoubtaboutmygiftforforeignlanguages. A.BythetimeB.UntilC.AfterD.Unless
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 29Inthepastfewyears,“MyHeartWillGoOn”wasapopularsongamongyoungpeople,__________wereoftenheardsingingitatparties. A.whoB.whichC.theyD.that 30.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting______wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.高. A.whetherB.thatC.whichD.what学科网 31.Facedwithtroubleordifficulty,apersontakeshelpthatisavailable. A.whateverB.wheneverC.whereverD.however 32.____youhaveexpressedyourdetermination,youshouldactimmediately. A.NowthatB.EventhoughC.InorderthatD.Until 33.You’dbettergivethetaskto_______youthinkcanfinishitaheadoftime. A.whoeverB.whomeverC.anyoneD.nomatterwho 34.—It’salongtime__________Isawyoulast. —Yes,andwhatapityitisthatitwillbeanotheryear_______weseeeachotheragain. A.before;sinceB.since;whenC.since;beforeD.when;before 35.Japanesescientistssaid“Ourdreamistocreate(clone)amammoth(猛犸),itisabigdream.” A.sinceB.becauseC.thoughD.however 36.Thediseaseoutbreakhadinfected65peoplebylastMonday,19havedied. A.withwhichB.ofwhomC.forwhomD.inwhich 37._________asmallnumberofAustraliansarebittenbyspiderseachyear,mostrecoverwithoutanymedicaltreatment. A.WhileB.UnlessC.WhenD.Because 38.—WillyougotoMary’sbirthdayparty? —No._____invited,Ican’tgo.I’llbetoobusythen.
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com A.IfB.UnlessC.EvenifD.When 39.annoyedhimmostwasthathehadreceivednoapology. A.HowB.WhyC.WhatD.Which 40.—Doyouthinktheweatherwillbeallrightthissummer? —No,_______we’relucky.Thenewspapersaysit’llbeveryhotanyway. A.unlessB.ifC.thoughD.as 41.—WhenshallJanetreturntowork? —_________shehastotallyrecovered. A.IfB.SinceC.WhenD.Until 42.Hehadtoberemindedtwoorthreetimes________hecouldavoidmakingthesamemistake. A.beforeB.whenC.untilD.as 43.Idon"tsayIamagainsttheirplan.Butthetroubleis___theydodoesn"tagreewithwhattheysay.高.考.资.源.A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.ifwhatD.whatif 44.Itwasshortlyafterthatseriousaccidenthappened______allthepeopleinvolvedwerecaughtandquestioned. A.sinceB.thatC.beforeD.when 45.Lucywashavingaholidaywithherfriendinanationalpark____shewasbittenonthefootbyasnake. A.whileB.sinceC.onceD.when 46.____you’vetriedit,youcan’timaginehowpleasantitis. A.UnlessB.BecauseC.AlthoughD.When 47.Thegameisnotverydifficultyouunderstandtheroles. A.untilB.thoughC.onceD.unless
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 48.Theconferenceaimstodevelopbusinessandletpeoplethinkabout______theycanhaveapositiveinfluenceontheplanet. A.whyB.thatC.whatD.how 49.Honestyisakindofqualityandthat’sittakestocommunicatewithotherssuccessfully. A.whatB.whyC.howD.which 50.Itwasthetraining_______hehadatschool_______madehimgoodjumper. A.what;whatB.that;thatC.what;thatD.that;what 【参考答案】 1-5BBABB6-10CBCBD11-15BBCDC16-20BCDDD21-25ACDCA26-30BDBAA31-35AAACC36-40BACCA41-45CABBD46-50ACDAB 特殊句式(强调、替代、省略和倒装) 【考点分析】 强调句 替代 1.do/does/did替代动词; 2.so和not分别代替肯定和否定的从句. 省略 1.主语的省略; 2.谓语或谓语的一部分的省略; 3.宾语的省略; 4.不定式的省略; 5.宾语从句和状语从句中的省略; 6.虚拟条件句中if的省略。 倒装句
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 1.部分倒装; 2.完全倒装 3.常考的几个重要句型: So+be/情态/助动词+主语 Neither+be/情态/助动词+主语 So+adj/adv…+that… Neither…,nor… Notonly…,butalso… Notuntil… 【知识点归纳】 I.强调句 1.Itis(was)+被强调部分+that(who)… 为了强调句子的某一成分(通常是主语、宾语、或状语),常用强调结构: Itis(was)+被强调部分+that(who)… 表示强调的it在这种结构的句子中作主句的主语。 原始句:LastnightIsawafilmintheYouthPalace. 强调主语:ItwasIthat(or:who)sawafilmintheYouthPalacelastnight. 强调宾语:ItwasafimlthatIsawintheYouthPalacelastnight. 强调地点状语:ItwasintheYouthPalacethatIsawafilmlastnight. 强调时间状语:ItwaslastnightthatIsawafilmintheYouthPalace. 一般讲,原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来各种时态,用Itis…that(who)…;如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态,则用Itwas…that(who)…。 另外,还有下面几点需要特别注意: ①在强调主语时,that后的谓语动词要与被强调者保持人称和数的一致
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com ItisIwhoamateacher. ②即使被强调的主语是复数,主句中的谓语动词也用单数 Itistheywhooftenhelpmewithmylessons. ③在强调时间、地点、原因、或方式状语时,不要用when,where,why或how,而用that Itwasbecausehermotherwasillthatshedidn"tgowithus. ④在强调not…until结构中由until短语(或从句)表示的时间状语时,要用固定的强调句型 Itis(was)notuntil...that...。that从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。 Myfatherdidn"tcomehomeuntil12o"clocklastnight. Itwasnotuntil12o"clocklastnightthatmyfathercamehome. ⑤在强调一般疑问句中的某一成分时,主句要用一般疑问句的语序:即把is/was提到it前面。 DidthishappeninBeijing? WasitinBeijingthatthishappened? ⑥特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以强调,其强调结构是“被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+is/was+it+that/who+其它部分?" Wherewereyouborn? Wherewasitthatyouwereborn? ⑦not…until…句型的强调句 句型为:Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+其它部分 原始句:Hedidn’tgotobeduntil/tillhiswifecameback. 强调句:Itwasnotuntilhiswifecamebackthathewenttobed. 注意:此句型只用until,不用till。但如果不是强调句型,till,until可通用;因为句型中Itis/wasnot…已经是否定句了,that后面的从句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句了。 2.谓语动词的强调
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com Itis/was…that…结构不能强调谓语,如果需要强调谓语时,用助动词do/does或did。 Dositdown.务必请坐。 Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.上周他确实给你写了信。 Dobecarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.过马路时,务必(千万)要小心啊! 注意:此种强调只用do/does和did,没有别的形式;过去时用did,后面的谓语动词用原形。 II替代 1.do/does/did替代动词 Ifthat"sthecasethen100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000peoplewouldweighasmuchasthewholeEarth does.(=weighs) Difficultiesstrengthenthemind,aslabourdoes(=strengthen)thebody.劳动锻炼身体,困难锻炼意志。 Afeatherfallsslowerthanastoneonlybecausetheairholdsthefeatherbackmorethanitdoesthestone.(替代) 2.so和not分别代替肯定和否定的从句(常用动词:think,believe,suppose,imagine,expect,guess,beafraid,fear,hope.etc.) —Ishecoming? —Isupposeso./SoIsuppose. 否定:Isupposenot. III.省略句 省略在英语运用中,尤其是在交际对话中普遍存在,因为它可以避免重复,突出关键词语,能做到言简意赅,并使上下文紧密连接。在历年的高考题中也屡见不鲜。省略有词法上的省略,也有句法上的省略。 (一)词法上的省略 1.名词所有格后修饰的名词在以下情况可以省略
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com ①如果名词所有格修饰的名词在前文已出现,则可以省略。 TheseareJohn"sbooksandthoseareMary"s(books).这些是约翰的书,那些是玛丽的书。 ②名词所有格后修饰的名词如果是指商店、住宅等地点时,这些名词也常常省略。 atthedoctor"s在诊所atMr.Green"s在格林先生家 tomyuncle"s到我叔叔家atthebarber"s在理发店 2.冠词的省略 ①为了避免重复 Thelightningflashedandthundercrashed.电闪雷鸣。(thunder前省略了定冠词the) ②在副词的最高级前面的定冠词常可以省略。 Shesingsbestintheclass.她在班上唱歌唱得最好。 ③在某些独立主格结构中。 Ourteachercamein,bookinhand.(=Ourteachercamein,withabookinhishand.) 我们的老师手里拿着一本书进来了。 ④在as引导的让步状语从句中,当作表语的单数名词提前时,不定冠词要省略。 Childasheis,heknowsalot.虽然他还是一个孩子,却懂得很多。 3.介词的省略 ①both后常跟of短语,其后可以接名词复数形式,也可以接代词宾格复数形式。接复数名词时,介词of可以省略,但接代词宾格时,of不能省略。 Both(of)thefilmswereinteresting.这两部电影都很有趣。 Sheinvitedbothofustoherbirthdayparty.她邀请我们俩去参加她的生日派对。 ②在现在完成时表持续和重复的句型中,一段时间前的介词for可以省略。 Theseshoesarewornout.Theyhavelasted(for)alongtime.
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 这双鞋穿破了,已经穿了很长一段时间了。 ③和一些动词搭配构成的短语中的介词,consider...(as)...,prevent/stop...(from)doing..., havetrouble/difficulty...(in)doing...,spend...(in/on)doing...等中的介词可以省略。 Treescanpreventtheearth(from)beingwashedaway.树能阻止泥土被冲走。 Canyoustophim(from)goingswimmingintheriver?你能阻止他下河洗澡吗? Ihavesomedifficulty(in)answeringthequestion.回答这个问题我有点困难。 4.动词不定式中的省略 ①有些动词,believe,find,think,feel,consider,imagine,prove等后作宾补的结构。 tobe+n./adj.中的tobe可以省略。 Iconsiderhim(tobe)lazy.我认为他懒。 Hismotherfoundhim(tobe)acleverboy.他母亲发觉他是一个很聪明的孩子。 ②感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice等以及使役动词let,make,have后作宾补的动词不定式。中的不定式符号to要省略,但变为被动结构时,to必须保留。 Theymadetheboygotobedearly.他们强迫这个男孩早睡。 Theboywasmadetogotobedearly.这个男孩被迫早睡。 注:help后作宾补的动词不定式中的to可以省略也可以保留。 ③在cannotbut,cannotchoosebut,cannothelpbut之后的动词不定式一般不带to;but之前有实义动词do的某个形式do,does,did,done时,也不带to,否则要带to。 Wehavenothingtodonowbutwait.我们现在除了等没有别的事可做。 Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.我不能不钦佩他的勇敢。 Hehasnochoicebuttoacceptthefact.除了接受这个事实他别无选择。 ④在并列结构中为了避免重复。
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com I"mreallypuzzledwhattothinkorsay.我真不知道该怎么想,怎么说才好。 但两个不定式有对照或对比的意义时,则后一个to不能省略。 Icamenottoscoldbuttopraiseyou.我来不是责备你,而是赞美你。 ⑤在why,whynot引导的特殊问句中后跟省略to的动词不定式。 Whytalksomuchaboutit?为什么大谈这个事呢? Whynottryitagain?为什么不再试一试呢? ⑥动词不定式中动词原形部分是否省略,主要看句子前面是否已出现过同样的动词。如果句子前面出现过同样的动词,为了避免重复,句子后面的不定式常省略动词原形,而保留不定式符号to。 Theymaygoiftheywishto(go).如果他们想去,他们就可以去。 Don"tgotillItellyouto.直到我告诉你去,你才可以去。 在一些动词afford,agree,expect,forget,mean,pretend,remember,want,refuse,hope,wish,wouldlike(love),try等后跟动词不定式作宾语,不定式中的to可以承前(后)省略。 —Willyougotothecinemawithme?你愿和我一起去看电影吗? —Well,I"dliketo(gowithyou).我愿意。 Iwoulddoitforyou,butIdon"tknowhowto(doitforyou). 我想为你做这事,但我又不知如何做。 在某些形容词,afraid,glad,willing,happy,eager等后承前省略动词原形,只保留不定式符号to。 —Willyoujoinusinthegame?你愿和我们一起做这个游戏吗? —Sure,I"llbegladto(joinyouinthegame).当然,我愿意。 有些动词,tell,ask,allow,expect,force,invite,permit,persuade,order,warn,wish,wouldlike,forbid等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语、主语补足语时,不定式承前省略动词原形,保留动词不定式符号to。 Hedidn"tcome,thoughwehadinvitedhimto(come).尽管我们邀请他来,他却没来。 注:承前省略的动词不定式如果有助动词have或be,则要保留be或have。
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com —Areyouateacher?你是老师吗?--No,butIusedtobe(ateacher).不,我以前是。 (二)句法上的省略 在一些简单句、并列句和复合句中,可以省略主语、谓语、宾语、表语等某一个句子成分,也 可以省略多个句子成分。 1.简单句中的省略 ①感叹句中常省略主语和谓语。 Whatahotday(itis)!多热的天啊! Howwonderful!多妙啊! ②在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。 —(Willyou)Haveasmoke?你抽烟吗?—No.Thanks.不,谢谢了。 (Isthere)Anythingelsetosay?还有别的要说吗? 2.并列句中的省略 ①如果主语不同,而谓语动词中的一部分相同,则省略谓语动词中相同的那部分。 JohnmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMary(musthavebeen)doingherhomework. 约翰一定在踢球,而玛丽一定在做作业。 ②主语相同,谓语动词也相同,则二者都可以省略。 HissuggestionsmadeJohnhappy,but(hissuggestionsmade)Maryangry. 他的建议使约翰高兴,却使玛丽很生气。 ③主语相同,而谓语不同,则可以省略主语。 OldMcDonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile,but(he)soonreturnedtohisoldways. 老麦克唐纳戒了一阵子烟,可很快又抽上了。 ④在并列复合句中,如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等其它一些成分与第一个并列句相同时,这个that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分。 Jackwillsingattheparty,butIknowJohnwon"t(singattheparty). 杰克将在晚会上唱歌,但我知道约翰不会在晚会上唱歌。 3.复合句中的省略 ▲名词性从句中的省略 ①作宾语的what从句中的谓语动词与主句的相同,则what从句可以省略谓语,甚至主语 Someonehasusedmybike,butIdon"tknowwho(hasusedit). 有人用了我的自行车,但我不知道是谁。 Hehasgone,butnooneknowswhere(hehasgone).他走了,但没人知道他去哪儿了。 ②有时候也可以根据说话的情景来省略主句中的一些成分。 (I"m)SorryI"vekeptyouwaitingsolong.对不起,让你久等了。 ③在某些表虚拟语气的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中,从句谓语动词中的助 动词should可以省略。 It"simportantthatwe(should)speaktotheoldpolitely.我们对老人说话要有礼貌,这很重要。
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com ▲定语从句中的省略 ①在限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词that,which,who(whom)常可以省略。 Theman(who/whom)IsawiscalledSmith.我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。 Whereisthebook(which)Iboughtthismorning?今天上午我买的那本书在哪儿? ②关系副词when,where,why以及that在thetime(day,morning,afternoon,evening,night,week, month,year等)when,theplace(desk,table,room,spot,house,town,country,school等)where,thereasonwhy,thewaythat结构中引导限制性定语从句时,在非正式场合下,可以省略关系副词when,where,why,that。 Ishallneverforgettheday(when)wefirstmet. 我永远也不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。 Thereason(why)hecamesoearlyishisownaffair.他来这么早是他自己的事。 Theway(that)youansweredthequestionswasadmirable.你回答这些问题的方式令人钦佩。 ▲状语从句中的省略 当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致,或状语从句中的主语是it,并且又含有be动词时, 常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。 ①在as,before,till,once,when,while等引导的时间状语从句中。 While(Iwas)waiting,Iwasreadingsomemagazines.我一边看杂志,一边等。 ②在though,although,等引导的让步状语从句中。 Though(theywere)tired,theywentonworking.虽然他们累了,但他们仍继续工作。 ③在if,unless(=if...not)等引导的条件状语从句中。 Youshouldn"tcometohispartyunless(youwere)invited. 除非你被邀请,否则你不应该来参加他的宴会。 ④在as,asif,asthough引导的让步状语从句中。 Hedidas(hehadbeen)told.他按照被告知的那样去做了。 Hepausedasif(hewas)expectinghertospeak.他停下来,好像是在期待她说话。 ⑤在as(so)...as...,than引导的比较状语从句中。 Iknowyoucandobetterthanhe(cando).我知道你能比他做得更好。 Thiscardoesn"trunasfastasthatone(does).这辆小车不及那辆跑得快。 IV.倒装句 “倒装句”主要指的是谓语语序的倒装,当然也有宾语和表语语序的倒装。将谓语的一部分提到主语之前叫部分倒装;将谓语的全部提到主语之前叫全部倒装。 (一)部分倒装 部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词do/does/did等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。部分倒装主要有以下几种情况: 1.句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子。 这类词或短语主要有never,neither,nor,little,seldom,rarely,hardly,scarcely,nosooner,notonly,innoway,atnotime,few,not,no等, NotaworddidIsaytohim. NeverhaveIfoundhimsohappy.
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com LittledoeshecareaboutwhatIsaid. Ican’tswim.Neithercanhe. Nosoonerhadhegonetobedthanhefellasleep. Hardly/Scarcelyhadhegonetobedwhenhefellasleep. 单项选择题: ①Hardly________theairportwhentheplanetookoff. A.IhadarrivedatB.hadIarrivedC.hadIreachedD.Ihadgotto ②—Haveyoueverseenanythinglikethatbefore? —No,________anythinglikethatbefore. A.IneverhaveseenB.neverIhaveseenC.neverhaveIseenD.Ihaveseen ③Sheisnotfondofcooking,________I. A.soamB.noramC.neitherD.nordo (key:CCB) 2.only+状语放在句首,要部分倒装。 Onlybythismeansisitpossibletoexplainit.(介词短语) OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofmath.(副词) Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.(从句) 注意:如果only后面不是状语,则不用倒装。例如:OnlyWangLingknowsthis. 单项选择题: ①Onlyinthisway________makeprogressinyourEnglish. A.youB.canyouC.youbeabletoD.willyouableto ②Onlywhenthemeetingwasover________gobacktomeethisfriend. A.hecouldB.hewasabletoC.washeabletoD.wasabletohe (key:BC) 3.so或so引导的短语放在句首,要部分倒装。 Isawthefilm,sodidshe. Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim. 单项选择题: ①Ilikesportsand________mybrother. A.sodoesB.soisC.socanD.solikes ②ThedoctortoldCharlietobreathedeeplyand________. A.sodidCharlieB.CharliedidsoC.CharliedoessoD.didCharlieso ③Soloudly________that________hearherclearly. A.didshespeak;couldeveryoneB.didshespeak;everyonecould C.shespoke;couldeveryoneD.shespoke;everyonecould ④Ifyoudon’tgotohisbirthdaypartynextFriday,__________. A.sodoIB.sowillIC.nordoID.norwillI (key:ABBD) 4.“Notonly+分句,butalso+分句”句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。 NotonlydoesJohnloveChinese,heisalsogoodatspeakingit. 但notonly...butalso...连接主语时,不倒装。Notonlythemotherbutalsothechildrenaresick. 单项选择题:
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com ________himselfwrong,buthisfriendswerewrong. A.NotwasonlyheB.NotonlyheC.NotonlywasheD.Notonlywas (key:C) 5.Notuntil放在句首,从句不倒装,主句倒装。 Notuntillastweekdidtheyfindthelostbike.(简单句) Notuntilmysonhadenteredtheuniversitydidherealizetheimportanceoftime.(复合句) 单项选择题: ①Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury________knowwhatheatis. A.mandidB.manC.didn’tmanD.didman ②NotuntilIbegantowork________realizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted. A.didn’tIB.didIC.Ididn’tD.I (key:DB) 6.as引导的让步状语从句 Proudasthesenoblesare,he’safraidtoseeme. Tiredashewas,hekeptonrunning. 单项选择题: ________,he’shonest. A.AsheispoorB.PoorisheC.PoorasheisD.Poorasishe (key:C) 7.在以often,well,manyatime,nowandagain 等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构 ManyatimehasJohngivenmegoodadvice. Oftenhavewemadethattest. 单项选择题: Manyatime________swimmingalone. A.theboywentB.wenttheboyC.didtheboygoD.didgotheboy (key:C) 8.在虚拟结构中,条件从句的谓语含有were,had和should这三个词是,可省去if,将这些词移至主语之前。 HadItime(=IfIhadtime),Iwouldgoandhelpyou. WereIyou(=IfIwereyou),Iwouldgoabroad. Shouldhecome(=Ifheshouldcome),tellhimtoringmeup. 9.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。 Mayyousucceed! (二)全部倒装 全部倒装有以下几种情况: 1.Therebe结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有:exist,seem,happen,appear,live,rise,stand等。 Therestoodadogbeforehim. Thereexistdifferentopinionsonthisquestion. 单项选择题: ________abeautifulpalace________thefootofthehill. A.Therestand;atB.Therestands;underC.Standsthere;underD.Therestands;
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.comat (key:D) 2.“Here,There,Now,Then+come(或be等)+主语”结构 说明:本句型中there是副词,应重读,强调地点。而前一句型中的there是引导词,本身没意义。如: Herecomestheoldlady! Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto. Therecomesthebus. Nowcomesyourturn. 除了then引导的句子用过去式以外,其余的均用一般现在时,表示一种生动的描述。其次,如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。 Hereyouare. Thereshecomes. 单项选择题: There________.Andhere________. A.goesthephone;shecomesB.isthephonegoing;isshe C.doesthephonego;doesshecomeD.thephonegoes;comeshe (key:A) 3.表示方向的副词out,in,up,down等置于句首,要用全部倒装。但主语是代词时部分倒装。 IncameMrWhite. Upwentthearrowintotheair. Awaywenttheboy. 单项选择题: ①Out________,withastickinhishand. A.didherushB.rushedheC.herushedD.hedidrush ②________fromthetopofthebuildingwhenthepolicemanpointedthegunathim. A.JumpeddowntherobberB.Jumpedtherobberdown C.DownjumpedtherobberD.Downtherobberjumped (key:CC) 4.表示地点的介词短语(如onthewall,underthetree,infrontofthehouse,inthemiddleoftheroom等)放在句首时,要全部倒装。 Onthetopofthehillstandsapinetree. Infrontoftheclassroomisaplayground. Theyarrivedatahouse,infrontofwhichsatanoldman. 单项选择题: Nearthechurch________cottage. A.wassuchanoldB.hadasooldC.wassucholdaD.issoanold (key:A) 5.其它形式的完全倒装 PresentatthemeetingwasMr.Green,aheadmaster.(形容词短语) Suchwasthestoryhetoldme.(代词)
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com Eastofthecityliesanewrailway.(副词短语) Firsttobecompletedwastheseven-storeyteachingbuilding.(不定式短语) Gonearethedayswhenmyheartwasyoungandgay.(过去分词) Lyingonthefloorwasaboyaged15.(现在分词短语) 6.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。 LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina! 【高考预测】 1.Atnotime,asweknow,______forgetthatsolvingTaiwanIssueisentirelyinternalChineseaffair. A.wecanB.wecouldC.canweD.couldwe 2.Sohard________thathecangotoanidealuniversity. A.studiedTomB.didTomstudyC.doesTomstudyD.studiesTom 3.—Howisthemaninjuredintheearthquake? —Thedoctorsaidif______inaproperway,hewaslikelytobesaved. A.treatedB.treatingC.istreatedD.tobetreated 4.Itwasnotwhathesaidbut______he________saiditthathurtmyfeelings. A.thatB.whatC.howD.whether 5.it’sinthecity_______youaregoingtopayavisitto_______thiskindofbeerisproduced. A./;whereB.where;thatC./;thatD.that;which 6.Peterisnotworkingthisweek.Youcanringhimathome_________. A.ifnecessaryB.ifsoC.iftrueD.ifany 7.—Don’tgotherealoneinsuchlatehours. —Don’tworry.I__________. A.don’tB.won’tC.haven’tD.didn’t 8.oldasthecaris,_____itworksquitewell. A.butB.yetC.soD.however 9.—Hehasperformedverywell. —__________,and_________. A.Sohehas;soyouhaveB.Sohehas;sohaveyouC.Sohashe;sohaveyouD.Sohashe;soyouhave 10.—Inwhichpartoftheplaywas________yourbrotherappeared? —Inthelasttenminutes. A.thatwhereB.thiswhenC.itthatD.itwhere 11.I’dratheryoudidsomehouseworkwhenyouarefree,butyou_________. A.don’tB.didn’tC.wouldn’tD.weren’t 12.—itismanyyearssinceIlastsawyou.Ididn’trecognizeyouatfirst. —I_________,either,ifsomeonehadn’tcalledyoubyname. A.wouldn’tB.wouldn’thaveC.didn’tD.hadn’t 13.________andwewillcompletethetasksenttous. A.AnotherhourB.AnhourlaterC.AfteranhourD.Inanhour 14._________happenedtobenooneinthebuildingwhenthefirebrokeout. A.ItB.ThereC.ThisD.That 15.—Howwastheweatherthem?
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com —Hardly_______offtheplanewhenitstartedtorain. A.IhadsteppedB.hadIsteppedC.IsteppedD.didIstep 16.Notuntilquiterecently_________thatlanguageiscloselyrelatedtoculture. A.herealizedB.didherealizeC.hadherealizedD.hedidrealize 17.It’srequirethatthestudents________mobilephonesintheirschool,soseldom_______themusingone. A.notuse,willyouseeB.shouldnotuse;youwillsee C.don’tuse;willyouseeD.wouldnotuse;youwillsee 18.Itisonlywhenthestressgetsoutofcontrol___itcanleadtopoorperformanceandillhealth. A.whenB.untilC.thatD.before 19.It_______wehavehadachancetodiscussitthoroughly______theproblemwillbesettled. A.wasuntil;whenB.wasuntil;thatC.wasn’tuntil;whenD.wasn’tuntil;that 20.—PeoplesaysyourlittlebrotherhasbeenadmittedintoQinghuaUniversity. —Yes.Never________hecouldachievesomuchsuccess. A.IhadthoughtB.IwouldhavethoughtC.couldIhavethoughtD.willIhavethought 21.—Jack,youpromised! —Well,________.Butitwasyouwhodidn’tkeepyourwordfirst. A.sowasIB.sodidIC.soIwasD.soIdid. 22.Onlybyjointefforts________awarmrelationshipbetweenteachersandstudents. A.wecanenjoyB.canweenjoyC.weenjoyD.wemustenjoy 23.Thethiefhasnotyetturnedout,butwhen_______,I’lltelephonetoyou. A.hedoesB.heisC.theydoD.theyare 24.________thattheycannotbeshowninthemaps. A.SosmallthosepondsandstreamsareB.Sosmallarethosepondsandstreams C.SothosepondsandstreamsaresmallD.Soarethosepondsandstreamsaresmall 25.________,hecansucceedinhisworkifheworkshard. A.AsapersonisfoolishB.Foolishasapersonis C.AsisapersonfoolishD.Asfoolishapersonis 26.—Youshouldhavethankedthehostessbeforeleaving. —Imeant.ButIcouldn’tfindherwhenIwasleaving. A.todoB.toC.doingD.doingso 27.Idon"trememberhowmanyyearsago______peoplebegantogrowcrops. A.itwaswhenB.itwasthatC.wasitwhenD.wasitthat 28.—Wherewasit____theearthquakebrokeoutyesterday?—InanItaliancity. A.whereB.whichC.howD.that 29.Littlethatdangerintheearthquakewhentheywerebusysavingtheirstudents. A.theteachersrealizedB.theteachersdidn’trealize
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com C.didn’ttheteachersrealizeD.didtheteachersrealize 30.Wemustapplywhatwehavelearnedtoourdailyworkbecauseinnocase_______frompractice. A.shouldtheoryseparateB.shouldtheorybeseparated C.theoryshouldseparateD.theoryshouldbeseparated 【参考答案】 1-5CCACC6-10ABBBC11-15ABABB 16-20BACDC21-25DBABB26-30BBDDB 情景交际 几个常考的交际用语 ①Italldepends!(视情况而定); ②whatif(倘若......会怎么样); ③Whatfor?(做什么用,为什么); ④Sowhat?(那又怎么样); ⑤Gotit!(明白了); ⑥Takeyourtime.(别着急); ⑦Takeiteasy.(放松点); ⑧It’supto…(由……决定)。 【知识点归纳】 I.日常交际应答语 1.感谢与应答 感谢 Thankyouverymuch. Thanksalot. Manythanks. 应答 That"sallright. Thanksforhelpingme. You"rewelcome. That"sOK. Notatall. It’smypleausre. Don’tmentionit. It’snothing. Thinknothingofit. Forgetit. 2.道歉与应答
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com 道歉 I"msorry. I"msorrytotroubleyou. I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting. 应答 Itdoesn"tmatter. It"snotimportant. That"s/It’snothing. Notatall. Nevermind. That’sallright. Forgetit. That’sOK. Noproblem. Nottoworry. 3.劝告、建议与应答 劝告和建议 Ithinkyououghtto…我想你应该…… IfIwereyou,I’d…如果我是你,我会…… Itmightbeagoodideaifyou…如果你……这倒是个好主意。 Haveyoueverthoughtof…?你是否想过要……? Irecommendthat……我建议…… Istronglyadviseyouto……我极力主张你…… Youreallyoughtto……你的确应该…… Personally,Ithinkyou’dbetter……依我看,你最好…… Whynotdo……?为什么不……? Whydon’tyoudo……?你为什么不……? Isuggestthat……我建议…… Whataboutdoing……?……怎么样? Howaboutdoing……?……怎么样? Shallwe……?我们去……好吗? Let’s……,shallwe?让我们去……好吗? Youneed(to)……你需要…… 应答 肯定的: Goodidea. That’sgreat. Soundsgreat. Itsoundsgreat. That’sfine. Whynot? 否定的: I’dloveto,but…
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com I’mafraid… It’sanidea,but… 4.请求与应答 请求 MayI...? CanI? CouldI...? DoyoumindifI… 应答 肯定的: Withpleasure. Certainly(Ofcourse) Sure,goahead. Yes,helpyourself. OfCoursenot,goahead(回答DoyoumindifI…的请求) 否定的: I’mafraidnot. Betternot. I’dratheryoudidn’t. 5.应答对方的要求 肯定的: Allright. Iwill. 否定的: Noway. Forgetit. —Doremembertocallmeupwhenyouarrive.—Iwill. —IthinkyoushouldphoneJennyandsaysorrytoher.—Noway.Itwasherfault. 6.邀请与应答 邀请 Wouldyouliketo…? Whydon’twe…? 应答 肯定的: Thatwouldbefine. Tha’sverykindofyou. Allright. Yes,I’dloveto. 否定的:
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com I’dloveto,but… Sorry,Ican’t. I’mafraidIcan’t. 7.祝愿、祝贺与应答 祝愿、祝贺 Goodluck! Bestwishestoyou. Haveanice/goodtime/journey. Congratulations! HappyNewYear! MerryChristmas! Happybirthdaytoyou. 应答 Thankyou! Thesametoyou. You,too. —HappyNewYear!(MerryChristmas!) —Thesametoyou.(You,too.) 8.鼓励、赞扬与应答 鼓励、赞扬 Verygood. Welldone. Wonderful. Excellent. Comeon. Keeptrying. Youcandoit. 应答 Thankyou. OK. I’lltryitagain. 9.提供帮助与应答 主动提供帮助时: CanIhelpyou? WhatcanIdoforyou Wouldyoulikemetohelpyou? Doyouwantmeto… Letme… 需要别人帮助时:
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com Yes,please ThankyouforyourhelpThanks. 不需要别人帮助时: No,thankyouthankyouallthesame. That’sverykindofyou,but… II.情感态度的表达 1.表示惊奇 Really? Howcome?(何以会……?为什么) Whatasurprise! Oh,dear! Goodheavens! 2.表示同情 I’msorrytohearthat. Don’tworry. Whatapity! That’sreallyunlucky. Badluck. Justmyluck. 3.表示安慰 Don’tworry. Don’tbeafraid. Takeyourtime. Takeiteasy. Makeyourselfathome. It’squiteallright. It’llbeOK. 4.表示鼓励 Comeon. Cheerup. Youcandoit. Youwillmakeit. 5.表示同意 Iquiteagree.
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com Icouldn’tagreemore. Exactly. Certainly. Absolutely. Ofcourse. Allright. That’sagoodidea. Noproblem. Ithinkso. 6.表示不同意 Notreally. NotExactly. Idon’tquiteagree. Idon’tthinkso. I’mafraidnot. It’shardtosay. Well,that’sdepend. Noway. Ofcoursenot. 7.表示不在乎 Sowhat? Whocares? III.日常交际问答 1.问候 ①A:Goodmorning/afternoon/evening. Hello/Hi. Howdoyoudo? Nicetomeetyou. B:答语与问候语相同。 ②A:Howareyou? B:Fine,thankyou.Andyou? A:Verywell,thankyou. 2.问时间、日期 A:Whatdayisit?B:It"sMonday. A:What"sthedate?B:It"sJan.10th. A:What"sthetime,please?B:It"sfiveo"clock/halfpastfive...It"stimeto... 3.打电话 Thisis…(speaking).我是……(不说Iam…) Itis…here.我是…… MayIspeakto…,please?请找……接电话好吗?
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com CanIspeakto…,please?请找……接电话好吗? CouldIspeakto…,please?请找……接电话好吗? I’dliketospeakto…,please.请找……接电话好吗? Who’sthat(speaking/calling)?你是谁?(不说Whoareyou?) Isthat…(speaking)?你是……吗? Is…there?……在吗? Is…in?……在吗? Holdon,please.请稍等。 Holdtheline,please.请稍等。 CanItakeamessage?你可以留个口信吗?(对方要找的人不在时) Canyougive/leaveamessage?你可以留个口信吗?(对方要找的人不在时) Can/CouldIaskwhoiscalling?请问您是哪位? MayIhaveyourtelephonenumber?您的电话号码是多少? 4.购物 WhatcanIdoforyou?您要买点什么? CanIhelpyou? 您要买点什么? What’sthepriceof…?……的价钱是多少? Howmuchis…?……多少钱? It’swellworththemoney.很合算。 Haveyougotanythingalittlecheaper?有没有比这便宜点的? Howmuchdoesitcometo?总共多少钱? Howmuchisitaltogether?总共多少钱? Tryitforsize.试试大小。 Willyoushowme…?请拿给我看……? Haveyougotany…?你们有……吗? It’sabittoolarge(small,plain.gaudyetc.)forme. 这对于我来说太大(太小,太素,太花哨等)了。 That’sfine.I’lltakeit.那好,我买了。 That’stooexpensive,I’mafraid.恐怕那太贵了。 Whatcolourdoyouwant?你要什么颜色? Whatsizedoyouwant?你要什么尺寸的? Doyouhaveanyotherkind?你们有别的种类吗? 5.问路 Excuseme.Where’s…?劳驾,……在什么地方? Excuseme.Canyoutellmethewayto…?劳驾,你能告诉我去……的路吗? HowcanIgetto…?我怎样去……? Godownthisstreet.顺着这条街走。 Turnrightatthefirstcrossing.在第一个十字路口向右拐。 Turnleftatthesecondcrossing.在第二个十字路口向左拐。 It’sabout…metresfromhere.离这里大约有……米。 It’sonlyaten-minutewalkfromhere.走十分钟就到了。 Gostraightaheadtillyousee…一直往前走直到你看见…… 【高考预测】 1.—Thisfreegiftdoesn"tlookgood.
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com —_____________,madam,butifyouwantgoodquality,youhavetopayforit. A.NoproblemB.NodoubtC.NooffenceD.Noway 2.—Wasyesterday’spartyagreatsuccess? —______.Tom,whoisagoodmixer,didn’tshowup. A.NotsurprisinglyB.NotnecessarilyC.NotexactlyD.Notreally 3.——CanIgetyouacupofcoffee? ——___________. A.Withpleasure.B.Youcanplease.C.That’sveryniceofyou.D.Thankyouforthecoffee. 4.—I’msoanxiousaboutmydrivingtesttomorrow.Wouldyoupleasegivemesomeadvice? —____.I’msureyouaregoodenoughtopassit.Beconfidentofyourself. A.AbsolutelyB.TakeiteasyC.YouarerightD.Notreally 5.—Youshouldn’thavetakenpicturesbeforethecarvedstones. —___________. A.PardonmeB.Yes,IwillC.NevermindD.Don’tmentionit 6.—PleasetellBrucehehaswonthefirstprizeinthemathscontest. —________!Heneverdidsowellbefore. A.CongratulationsB.GoodluckC.That’srightD.Whatagoodsurprise 7.—Tom,Igotastrangecallthismorning,sayingIhadwonanexpensivecar,whichpuzzledme. —___________ A.Congratulations.B.Youarealuckydog.C.Forgetit.It’stooexpensive.D.Perhapsit’satrick 8.—Don’tyouagreewithwhathesaid? —Yes,!Itcan’tbe. A.approximately;betterB.absolutely;betterC.relatively;worseD.fortunately;worse 9.—I’dliketoinviteyoutomynewhousethisSunday. —________. A.Oh,no.Let’snotB.I’mverysorry,butIhaveotherplans C.I’dratherstayathomeD.Oh,no.That’llbetoomuchtrouble 10.—Sorry,Peter.I’mafraidthatIcan’tgotothecrosstalkshowbyGuoDegangwithyou. —!Whoknowswhenhewillcomeherenexttime? A.TakeiteasyB.WhatashameC.Itdoesn’tmatterD.Doasyoulike 11.—Doyoumindmysmokinghere? —__________! A.No,thanksB.No.GoodideaC.Yes,pleaseD.Yes.Betternot 12.—Tom,wouldyouliketocometoourdinnerparty? —_____. A.Yes,IwouldB.Sure,it’smypleasureC.No,Ican’tcomeD.Yes,withpleasure 13.—MynameisJackSmith.________
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com —Hi!I’mJackson. A.Howdoyoudo?B.Nicetomeetyouagain. C.Howaboutyou?D.Howareyou? 14.—Hergrandpapassedawayyesterday. —______. A.Howdoyoulikeit?B.Hewasakindman.C.Sorrytohearthat.D.Whatshallwedo? 15.—ShallwegotherenextSunday? —________? —Toseethefootballmatch. A.WhatwithB.WhatbyC.WhatforD.Whaton 16.—IsthereanythingIcandoforyou,sir? —_____. A.Perhaps.GoaheadB.No.Takeyourtime C.Yes.You"rewelcomeD.Notnow.Thanksanyway 17.—Sorry,Ican"tgocampingwithyou.Ihavetopreparewellenoughfortheentrance-exam. —________!Wecancamptogethernexttime. A.Don"tsaysoB.CongratulationsC.GoodluckD.Noproblem 18.—I’mgoingtotraveltoSydney.Wouldyoupleasetellmeaboutyourexperiencesthere? —________.Let’sdiscussitoverlunch. A.GoaheadB.ItjustdependsC.That’swonderfulD.Byallmeans 19.—ShallIbeginthelecture? —I’mafraidwehavetowaitforawhile.Johniscomingwithamicrophone. —.Icandowithoutthemicrophone. A.I’msorryB.ExcusemeC.IbegyourpardonD.Nevermind 20.—Willhebebackbytentonight? —No,_____. A.IthinknotsoB.I’mnotafraidC.I’mafraidnotD.Idon’thopeso 21.—Tom,youaresmokingagain? —______?It’snoneofyourbusiness. A.SowhatB.HowcomeC.WhynotD.Whatfor 22.—Youmustobeyeverywordofmine! 一______Idon’t? A.HowaboutB.WhatifC.SowhatD.whatabout 23.—Doremembertochargethebattery12hourswhenyoufirstuseit. —. A.MadeitB.GotitC.UnderstooditD.Rememberedit 24.—Whatkindofdancingdoyoulike? —____________.Ifit’srockmusicI’lldodisco,andifit’sromanticmusicI’lldoballet. A.pardonB.Ican’ttellyouC.ItalldependsD.Notexactly 25.—DoyouthinkIshouldjointhesinginggroup,Mary?
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com —_____.IfIwereinyourshoes,Icertainlywould. A.NoneofyourbusinessB.ItdependsC.WhynotD.Idon’tthinkso 26.—Isthereanythingwrongwithmyheart? —Nothingserious.____________. A.Takeiteasy.B.CheerupC.NowayD.Whatapity 27.—Excuseme,couldyoupleasesparemeafewminutestoexplainthis? —Sorry,butImustgotoameetingnow. —_______________. A.ThanksalotB.WhatapityC.IamsorrytohearthatD.Thanksanyway 28.—WhoseadvicedoyouthinkIshouldfollow? —___________. A.NoproblemB.ComeonC.It’suptoyouD.Well,that’slife 29.—Canyouturndowntheradio,please? —________. A.Oh,IknowB.I"msorry;Ididn"trealizeitwasthatloud C.I"llkeepitdownnexttime.D.Pleaseforgiveme 30.—I’mnotgoodatbasketball,youknow. —_______We’replayingforfun.Justtryandyou’llseeyoucandoit. A.Well,itdepends.B.Takeyourtime.C.Comeon!D.That’sOK. 31.—ShallIgiveyouahandwiththisasyouaresobusynow? —Thankyou._______. A.OfcourseyoucanB.IfyoulikeC.It’suptoyouD.Itcouldn’tbebetter 32.—Ican’tfinishthepaperuntiltomorrow,I’mafraid. —That’sOK,there’s______. A.noproblemB.nohurryC.nodoubtD.nowonder 33.—Wouldyoulikeanothercupoftea? —Thanks,. A.butwhynotB.butI’drathernotC.andI’dlikenotD.andI’drathernot 34.—I’mafraidIcan’tfinishthebookwithinthisweek. —-_______. A.PleasegoaheadB.That’srightC.NotatallD.Takeyourtime 35.—I"mnotgoodatsinging,youknow. —It"sjustforfun. A.Noproblem.B.Comeon!C.Whatapity!D.Cheerup. 36.—MichaelwaslateforMr.Smith’soralclassthismorning. —_____?AsfarasIknow,henevercamelatetoclass. A.HowcomeB.SowhatC.WhynotD.Whatfor 37.—Hi,MrYu,Iwanttobuyapen,butIhappentohavenomoneywithme.Couldyoulendmesome? —__________. A.That’sfineB.NothingseriousC.NevermindD.Noproblem 38.—Couldyoupleasetellmetheanswertothisquestion? —_______________!Itisnotmystyletohelppeoplecheat.
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com A.NoproblemB.NowayC.NotatallD.Nodoubt 39.—Let’sgohikingthisafternoon,Ok? —__________ A.Notatall.B.Nevermind.C.Whynot?D.Whatofit? 40.—Thetoastbreadisreallydelicious.CanIhaveasecondpiece? —_________. A.BehaveyourselfB.HelpyourselfC.DoityourselfD.Goaheadifyoudon’tmind 41.—Whydon’tyoutakeataxithere?It’llsaveyoualotoftime. —_________. A.Thankyouanyway!B.Yes,let’s.C.Goodidea!D.That’sallright. 42.—TheWHOexpertpointsoutthattheH1N1fluremainsaconstantthreattothehealthstateofthewholeworld. —.It’sreallyaseriousproblemfacingus. A.Sorry,butIcantB.No,IagreewithyouC.ItsoundsagoodideaD.Ican’tagreemore 43.—Iwaslateforworkthismorning. —_________Youstartedearly,didn’tyou? A.Whynot?B.Sowhat?C.Howcome?D.Nevermind.. 44.—ShallIbeginthelecture? -Iafraidwehavetowaitforawhile.Johniscomingwithamicrophone. -.Icandowithoutthemicrophone. A.I"msorryB.ExcusemeC.IbegyourpardonD.Nevermind 45.—Howareyougettingonwithyourwork?—. A.ThankyouB.Fine,thankyouC.Quitewell,thankyouD.Whydoyouaskso? 46.—Shallwegooutforadrinktonight?—______. A.YouarerightB.ItmustbefunnyC.ThatsoundsgreatD.Haveanicetime. 47.—WouldyoumindifIopenedthewindow? —______.Infact,Iwasgoingtosuggestyou____it. A.Yes;notdidB.Notatall;doC.Moreorless;didD.Ofcourse;do 48.—Thankyouverymuchforhelpingmeoutoftrouble,Bob. —____________. A.WithpleasureB.Don’tmentionitC.That’srightD.Ihopeso 49.—CanItakeaweek’sholiday,Sir? —_________;wearetoobusyatpresent. A.Don’tworryB.Don’tmentionitC.ForgetitD.Noproblem 50.—Don’tinterruptmewhileI’mexplainingtheproblemstoyou. —______. A.Allright,goaheadB.It’smypleasureC.Ofcourse,withpleasureD.Notatall 【参考答案】 1-5CDCBA6-10DDBBB11-15DDACC16-20DCDDC21-25ABBCC 26-30ADCBC31-35DBBDB36-40ADBCB41-45CDCDC46-50CBBCA
外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com