2015高考英语语法精讲精练 专题十一 特殊句式倒装、强调、主谓一致等常考点 14页

专题十一　特殊句式(倒装、强调、主谓一致等)常考点近几年，高考中有关特殊句式注重考查知识之间的交叉，因此，也加大了在语境中综合考查语法知识的力度。在考查强调句的同时，把定语从句、省略句以及强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句等融合到一起，考查学生综合把握语法知识的能力。　　强调句①构成和判断：“Itis/was＋被强调的部分(时间状语/地点状语/原因状语/方式状语/名词/代词/从句)＋that(指人可用who)＋句子的其余部分”。如：Itwasbecausehewasillthathewasabsent.②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的强调句。如：Was_itonthestreetthat_youmetTom?What_was_it_thatmadehimupset?Doyouknowwhat_it_was_that_made_him_upset?[注]强调句型用于宾语从句时应用陈述语序。③notuntil的强调句，其结构为“Itis/wasnotuntil＋被强调部分＋that＋句子剩余部分”。如：ItwasnotuntilIcamebackthatheleft.④强调谓语用“does/do/did＋动词原形”。如：Hedidcomebackyesterday.①Inmyopinion，Mr.White________goodtohisstudentsinhisclassatpresent.A.doesdoesB.doesdidC.doesdoD.diddo②—Whatdidshewanttoknow，Tom?—Shewondered________wecouldcompletetheexperiment.A.whenwasitB.itwaswhenthatC.itwaswhenD.whenitwasthat③Itwasonthefarm________theyvisited________theygottoknow.A.where；thatB.which；whenC.that；thatD.which；which④—________thathemanagedtogettheinformation?—Oh，afriendofhishelpedhim.A.WherewasitB.WhatwasitC.HowwasitD.Whywasit⑤Itwasabout600yearsago________thefirstclockwithafaceandanhour handwasmade.A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.when【答案】①C　②D　③C　④C　⑤A　　it用法①指代上文的同名同物。如：Thereisnomorethanonecopyleft.Willyoubuyit?②作形式主语和形式宾语。如：Itisimpossibletogetthereintime.IoweittohimthatIcansucceed.Weshouldbringittohisattentionthatheshouldworkhard.③like/dislike/hate/appreciate/prefer/want/stand/...＋it＋从句④dependon/relyon＋it＋从句；seeto＋it＋从句⑤用于固定短语或句型中。如：getit/makeit/catchit/forgetit/it"sworthit/Ican"thelpit/assb.putit/meanit。⑥指代时间、天气、距离、温度或在打电话、有人敲门等情形时。①Idislike________whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.thisD.them②Itworriedherabit________herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for③Youmustseeto________allthechildrenarebeingtakengoodcareof.A.thatB.itC.itthatD.whether④________isourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger，moreprosperouseconomy.A.AsB.ThatC.ThisD.It【答案】①A　②B　③C　④D　　倒装句①表方式或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，主语是名词时要全部倒装，且不用进行时倒装。若主语为人称代词则不倒装。如：Incametheteacher.老师进来了。Inhecame.他进来了。②分词、形容词放在句首全部倒装。如：Hangingonthewallaretwopictures.③“Only＋副词/介词短语/状语从句”放在句首时倒装(在强调句中不可倒装，not until也是如此)。如：Onlythendidherealizehewaswrong.Onlywhenyouworkhardwillyousucceed.④否定词和否定短语(innocase，undernocircumstances，onnoaccount，innoway，onnocondition，bynomeans，atnotime)放在句首时倒装。如：Hesaidthatundernocircumstanceswould_he_give_up．⑤Hardly/Scarcely...when...＝Nosooner...than用过去完成时，主句倒装。如：Hardlyhadthefootballgamebegunwhenitstartedraining.＝Nosoonerhadthefootballgamebegunthanitstartedraining.⑥notonly...but(also)．..中notonly后的句子需倒装。如：Notonlyistheyoungmancleverbutalsoheishardworking.⑦表示“A...B也(不)．..”，用so，neither/nor倒装。如：HespeaksChinese，andsodoI.Hedoesn"tspeakJapanese，andnor/neitherdoI.⑧so/such...that...(如此……以至于)放在句首时倒装。如：Suchagoodteacheris_hethatwealllikehim.Sogoodis_the_teacher_thatwealllikehim.⑨as表示“虽然”时，用“名词(不带冠词)/形容词/副词/动词原形＋as...”。如：Childasheis，heknowsalot.⑩表虚拟语气中的had，were，should提到主语前。如：Wereittoraintomorrow，Iwouldnotgothere.＝Shoulditraintomorrow，Iwouldnotgothere.HadIattendedthemeetingyesterday，Iwouldhaveseenhim.①OnlywhenIleftmyparentsforItaly________howmuchIlovedthem.A.IrealizedB.IhadrealizedC.hadIrealizedD.didIrealize②________，hisideawasacceptedbyallthepeopleatthemeeting.A.StrangeasmightitsoundB.AsitmightsoundstrangeC.AsstrangeitmightsoundD.Strangeasitmightsound③IhavebeenlivingintheUnitedStatesfortwentyyears，butseldom________solonelyasnow.A.haveIfeltB.IhadfeltC.IhavefeltD.hadIfelt④Sosudden________thattheenemyhadnotimetoescape.A.didtheattackB.theattackdidC.wastheattackD.theattackwas⑤Notuntil________onTV________thattheChineseshipwasrescuedbytheEuropeanUnionTaskForce.A.Iturned；didIknowB.didIturn；didIknow C.didIturn；IknewD.Iturned；Ihadknown【答案】①D　②D　③A　④C　⑤A　　主谓一致①and连接同一个人、同一事物、同一概念时，谓语用单数。如：Thewriterandworkerisintheroom.②动名词、不定式和从句作主语，谓语用单数。如：Educatinggirlsisveryimportant.③度量衡、国家、报刊、组织、书等后的谓语用单数。如：5，000dollarsisalargesumofmoney.④allof.../mostof.../someof.../halfof.../partof.../therestof.../百分数/分数词/……后的谓语用单数或复数取决于所修饰的名词。如：Allofthebookshavebeensoldout.Allofthemoneyhasbeenlent.⑤team/band/class/family/public/population/government/committee等集体名词作主语时，需根据其所表示的意思来确定谓语的单复数形式。如：Thefamilyismadeupoffivemembers.ThefamilyarewatchingTV.⑥“therich/poor/old/young/wounded/dead/living/...(表示“一类人”)＋复数谓语”“thenew/old/beautiful/unexplained/...(表示“抽象概念”)＋单数谓语”。如：Theoldareeasilytakenin.⑦以manya＋n.，morethanone＋n.，each/every/no＋n.(＋each/every/no＋n.)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Manyastudenthasseenthefilm.Eachgirlandeachboyhasabook.⑧“Anumberof...＋复数谓语”“Thenumberof...＋单数谓语”。如：Anumberofstudentsarefondofthebook.Thenumberofstudentsinourclassis50.⑨“Quantitiesof＋单数名词/复数名词＋复数谓语”“Aquantityof＋单数名词＋单数谓语”“Aquantityof＋复数名词＋复数谓语”。如：Largequantitiesofwaterarebadlypolluted.Alargequantityofwaterisbadlypolluted.就近原则(either...or...，notonly...butalso，not...but，neither...nor...，therebe)；就远原则(with，alongwith，togetherwith，aswellas，suchas/like，ratherthan，besides，including，but，except)。如：NotIbutTomandJackareright.NobodybutTomandJackisright.用所给词的适当形式填空： ①Manyastudent________(have)alreadymadesuchaninterestingexperiment.②Theteacherandwriter________(be)deliveringaspeechnow.③Maryalongwithherparents________(be)goingtoattendthemeeting.④Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacher________(be)interestedinthebook.⑤Tenyears________(be)amomentinhistory.⑥Only60percentofthework________(be)doneyesterday.⑦Quantitiesofgoodearth________(be)beingwashedawayeachyear.⑧Morethanonestudent________(have)failedtheexam.【答案】①has　②is　③is　④is　⑤is　⑥was　⑦are⑧has　　反意疑问句①must，may，might，can，could表示推测时，可先将句子改为Iamsurethat句型，反意疑问句部分的动词形式根据besure后的宾语从句的谓语动词形式确定。如：Hemustbeadoctor，isn"the?＝Iamsurethatheisadoctor，isn"the?Hemusthaveseenthefilmlastweek，didn"the?＝Iamsurethathesawthefilmlastweek，didn"the?Youmusthaveheardaboutit.＝Iamsurethatyouhaveheardaboutit，haven"tyou?②当陈述部分带有宾语从句时，反意疑问部分的主语应和主句的主语保持一致。但陈述部分主句的谓语动词是think，believe，suppose，expect，imagine，guess，besure等，且主语为第一人称时，要对宾语从句的主语反问。如：Tomdoesn"tbelieveJanewillsucceed，doeshe?Idon"tbelieveJanewillsucceed，willshe?③在并列句中，要对第二个分句反问。如：Heisadoctorbuthiswifeisateacher，isn"tshe?④祈使句后的附加问句不表示反意，而表示一种语气。其结构为：否定祈使句，＋willyou?肯定祈使句，＋will/won"tyou?Let"s...，＋shallwe?Letus/me/him/...，＋willyou?⑤陈述部分含有seldom，hardly，scarcely，never，few，little，nothing，nobody等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。如：Hecouldhardlybelievehisowneyes，couldhe?⑥陈述部分含有usedto的反意疑问部分用usedn"t或didn"t均可。若含有oughtto时，则用oughtn"t或shouldn"t。如：Thereusedtobeabridgehere，usedn"t/didn"tthere?⑦当主语是everything，anything，something等时，用it反问。当主语是everyone，anyone，somebody等时，用they或he反问。如：Everythingisallright，isn"tit?Everybodyishere，aren"tthey/isn"the? ⑧回答反意疑问句时应遵循的原则：看所提到的事物是否已发生或未发生。如果发生了，用肯定回答，否则用否定回答。如：—Youhaven"tbeenherelong，haveyou？(你在这儿不久，是吗？)—No，Ihaven"t.Iamnewhere.(是的，我是新来的。)⑨therebe结构用there反问。如：Therearetwopeoplewaitingoutside,aren"tthere?That"s...,Thisis...用it反问。如：Thatisabook,isn"tit?完成下列句子：①Don"tforgettoturnoffthelight，________？②HeknowslittleaboutEnglish，________？③Mary，feedthechickens，________？④Hecouldn"thavebeentoldaboutit，________？⑤Bobtoldyouthattherewasnobodyintheroom，________？⑥Everythingisallright，________？Everybodyishere，________？⑦Idon"tbelieveheiswrong，________？⑧—Youwon"tgotohisparty，willyou?—________，ifheinvitesme.【答案】①willyou　②doeshe　③willyou/won"tyou　④hashe　⑤didn"the　⑥isn"tit；aren"tthey/isn"the　⑦ishe⑧Yes　　否定句①不带否定词的否定。如：farfrom(决不；一点也不)＝anythingbut＝notnearly＝notatall＝nowherenearfreefrom...(无……的)HeisthelastpersonIwanttosee(他是我最不想见的人)．②带否定词的肯定。如：Icanhardlywaittoseehim.＝Ican"twaittoseehim.I"veneverheardabettervoice.＝HisvoiceisthebestonethatIhaveeverheard.He"snoricherthanme.＝Heisaspoorasme.There"snothingbutatableintheroom.＝Thereisonlyatableintheroom.③部分否定和全部否定部分否定用notboth/all/every/...＝both/all/every/...not...；全部否定用“neither/none/no＋名词”。如：Allthestudentsdon"tlikethefilm.＝Notallthestudentslikethefilm. Neitherofthemhasacar.④否定省略。如：Ihope/guess/amafraidso.的否定省略为：Ihope/guess/amafraidnot.Ithink/suppose/believe/imagine/expectso.的否定省略为：Ithink/suppose/believe/imagine/expectnot.＝Idon"tthink/suppose/believe/imagine/expectso.①—Wouldyouliketogotothecinemawithus?—Yes，________.Whattimearewegoingtomeet?A.IwouldB.IwouldlikeC.IliketoD.I"dliketo②Itcan"tbeMikewhohasdonesuchafoolishthing.Heis________butafool.A.nothingB.somethingC.everythingD.anything③—Aren"tyoucold?—________.I"mboiling.A.TakeiteasyB.FarfromitC.NotalittleD.That"sallright④WhileIagreewithmostofwhatyousaid，Idon"tagreewith________．A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing【答案】①D　②D　③B　④C　　省略①上下文对话中。如：—Whatmadehimsoupset?—Losinghisbike.②并列句中。如：Onesideoftheboardshouldbepaintedwhiteandtheotherred.③同时省略句子的几个成分，保留副词。如：—Doyoulikethefilm?—Yes，verymuch.＝Really./No，notverymuch.＝Notreally.类似的有：perfectly，absolutely，exactly，very，notexactly，notlikely(＝impossible)．..④不定式的省略(保留to，tobe，tohave，tohavebeen)。如：—Areyouadoctor?—No，butIusedtobe.—Doyousmoke? —No，butIusedto.—Hehasn"tfinishedyet.—Well，heoughttohave.⑤ifnecessary　　如果有必要ifpossible　　如果有可能ifso　　假如这样的话ifnot　　如果不ifever　　如果曾经有过(表示时间)ifany　　如果有一些的话(表示数量)ifanything　　若要说的话Correctyourmistakes，ifany.Heisseldom，ifever，lateforclass.⑥祈使句结构。如：OnemoreweekandI"llfinishthejob.Workhardandyouwillsucceed.⑦“连词＋分词”的省略(前提条件为状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be)。如：Whenfinished，theprojectwillbeagreatsuccess.Whenwaitingforabus，Imethim.用适当的词填空：①—Whendidtheaccidenthappen?—Itwasin1980________hewasinmiddleschool.②—WhatshouldIdowiththepassage?—________(find)outthemainidea.③—It"swiseofyoutocomearoundbutwhy?—________(see)thatitisright.④—Whomdoyouwanttosee?—Theman________(call)himselfMr.Smith.【答案】①when　②Find　③Tosee　④calling　　替代①区别it，one，that，those：it与上文名词是同名同物；one＝a(n)＋上文的可数名词；that＝the＋上文的单数名词，后面常有一个后置定语；those＝theones＝the＋上文的复数名词，后面常有一个后置定语。②替代动词：用does，do，did替代上文同一动词。如：HespendsmoretimewatchingTVthanhedoesreading.③替代句子：用so替代上文的句子。如：Hesmokesalot.Doeshisbrotherdoso? 用适当的词填空：①ThepopulationofChinaislargerthan________ofJapan.②Theradiosinthisfactoryarecheaperthan________inthatone.③IhavenomobilephoneandIwanttobuy________．④Iwanttobuyagiftformymother，________ataproperpricebutofgoodquality.⑤SheplaysthepianobetterthanMary________theguitar.【答案】①that　②those　③one　④one　⑤does　　插入语①副词修饰整个句子：luckily＝fortunately＝happily，sadly，strangely，obviously，briefly...如：Fortunately，peoplehavecometorealizetheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment.②介词短语inconclusion＝inaword＝inshort＝inbrief，inone"sview＝inone"sopinion＝inone"ssight，inotherwords，toone"ssurprise...，(or)rather...③动词不定式：tobeginwith，toconclude，tobeexact，totellthetruth＝tobehonest，nottomention...＝letalone...，tomakethings/mattersevenworse＝what"sworse...④分词：generallyspeaking，strictlyspeaking...⑤句子：thatis＝thatistosay＝namely，hesays/hesaid，itissaid，what"smore，youknow/yousee，I"mafraid，Imean...①Thestudentsarenotallowed，unlesstheyhavespecialpasses，________after10：30p．m.A.tostayoutB.stayingoutC.stayoutD.stayedout②—Iwonderwhyheseldomdonatesanythingtohelpothers.—Oh，hecan"tevensupporthimselfthoughheisworkinghard，________helpingothers.A.apartfromB.inadditiontoC.nottomentionD.inplaceof③Ourmanagerisfarfromsatisfiedwithyou.________，youfailedinthejobinterview.A.IntotalB.IseeC.ImeanD.Inparticular【答案】①A　②C　③C　　感叹句感叹句基本构成：What[＋a(n)]＋形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语！ How＋形容词＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！用what，how填空：①________aninterestingbookitis!②________interestingabookitis!③________interestingbookstheyare!④________greatprogresshehasmade!⑤________IwishIcouldgotospace!【答案】①What　②How　③What　④What　⑤How1.(2014·福建卷)Theclimatehereisquitepleasant,thetemperaturerarely，________，reaching30°Cinsummer.A.ifnotB.ifeverC.ifanyD.ifso2.(2014·湖南卷)It"snotdoingthethingswelike,butlikingthethingswehavetodo________makeslifehappy.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who3.(2014·江苏卷)Theidea“happiness”，________，willnotsitstillforeasydefinition.A.toberigidB.tobesureC.tobeperfectD.tobefair4.(2014·重庆卷)—IspenttwoweeksinLondonlastsummer.—ThenyoumusthavevisitedtheBritishMuseumduringyourstay，________you?A.mustn"tB.haven"tC.didn"tD.hadn"t5.(2014·北京卷)________carefullyifanychangeoccurswhendoingexperimentsinthelab.A.ObserveB.ToobserveC.ObservedD.Observing6.(2013·江苏卷)Generally，students"innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothers________essentialtotheirdevelopment.A.isB.areC.wasD.were7.(2013·江苏卷)“Neverforasecond，”theboysays，“________thatmyfatherwouldcometomyrescue.”A.IdoubtedB.doIdoubtC.IhavedoubtedD.didIdoubt8.(2013·湖南卷)Theuniversityestimatesthatlivingexpensesforinternationalstudents________around$8，450ayear，which________aburdenforsomeofthem.A.are;isB.are;are C.is;areD.is;is9.(2013·全国卷)Itwasonlyafterhehadreadthepapers________Mr.Grossrealizedthetaskbeforehimwasextremelydifficulttocomplete.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what10.(2012·重庆卷)Itwas80yearsbeforeChristopherColumbuscrossedtheAtlantic________ZhengHehadsailedtoEastAfrica.A.whenB.thatC.afterD.since【答案】1.B　2.A　3.B　4.C　5.A　6.A　7.D　8.A9.B　10.B1.Nosooner________atthedeskthanthetelephonerang.A.hadhesatdownB.hesatdownC.hehadsatdownD.didhesitdown2.NobodybutJackandJane________greatprogressintheclassrecently.A.havemadeB.hasmadeC.hadmadeD.made3.Asurveyoftheopinionsofexperts________thatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek________goodforone"shealth.A.show；areB.shows；isC.show；isD.shows；are4.Thewomencarryingbabies，comeinfirst，________？A.willyouB.willtheyC.doyouD.don"tyou5.Sodifficult________ittoworkouttheproblemthatIdecidedtoaskTomforadvice.A.IdidfindB.didIfindC.IhavefoundD.haveIfound6.—Theplaceisn"ttoobad，isit?—No，________itisabittoocrowded.A.butB.forC.andD.as7.________yougetintouniversityinthefuture，youwouldhavetogoandtakethechance.A.WillB.ShouldC.WouldD.Could8.Wasitnotuntil________outofnaturalresourcesthattheybegantopushforotherones? A.peoplehadrunB.hadpeoplerunC.didpeoplerunD.peoplehadbeen9.Whenyou"vefinishedwiththatbook，don"tforgettoputitbackontheshelf，________？A.doyouB.don"tyouC.willyouD.won"tyou10.Thestudentshavebeentoldthatundernocondition________themobilephoneinclass.A.maytheyuseB.theymayuseC.theycoulduseD.wouldtheyuse11.Wasitfromthelake________heoftenwentfishing________hesavedthedrowninggirl?A.that；thatB.where；whereC.where；thatD.that；where12.Johnsonknowsmuchaboutthemovie.Ithinkhemusthaveseenit，________？A.doesn"theB.hasn"theC.don"tID.didn"the13.—Sohard________inthepastfewmonthsthathehasmadegreatprogressinEnglish.—Icanseethat，onlyafewmistakes________inthisexam.A.hasheworked；didhemakeB.hehasworked；hemadeC.hehasworked；hashemadeD.hasheworked；hemade14.—Youmusthavemethimtheotherday，I"mquitesure.—Oh，no，I________．A.didn"tB.haven"tC.hadn"tD.mustn"t15.—Motherhasn"tcomebackyet.—Well，sheought________．A.toB.tobeC.todoD.tohave16.—IhearthatBaiSancan"taffordhisschoolingthisfall.—________，let"sdosomethingforhim.A.IfsoB.WhenpossibleC.Whennecessary D.Whatashame17.—DoyouhaveanyideawhatPauldoesallday?—AsIknow，hespendsatleastasmuchtimeplayingashe________．A.writesB.doeswritingC.iswritingD.doeswrite18.Becarefulwithsuchthings.Ifyou________，you"lldropthem.A.don"tB.aren"tC.doD.won"t19.—It"sagessinceIlastsawyou.Ididn"trecognizeyouatfirst.—I________，either，ifsomeonehadn"tcalledyoubyname.A.didn"tB.hadn"thadC.wouldn"thaveD.wouldn"t20.—Theboysarenotdoingagoodjobatall，arethey?—________．A.IguessnotsoB.Idon"tguessC.Idon"tguesssoD.Iguessnot21.Idon"tthinkTheFlowersofWarbyZhangYimouispopularamongteenagers,________？A.aretheyB.isn"titC.don"tyouD.isit22.Theboywassotiredthatnosooner________hiseyesthanhefellasleep.A.heclosedB.hadheclosedC.didhecloseD.hehadclosed23.________，Ibelieve,andyouwillfindheisveryoutgoing.A.HavingatalkwithTomB.OnetalkwithTomC.GivenatalkwithTomD.IfyouhaveatalkwithTom24.________withhisslippersonwhenheheardtheterriblenoise.A.OutdidtheboyrushB.OutrushedtheboyC.OuttheboyrushedD.Rushedtheboyout25.Little________abouthisownsafety,thoughhewasingreatdangerhimself.A.caredheB.hecaredC.didhecareD.washecared26.Notuntilthepressreportedthepollution________whythewatersupplyhadbeencutoff.A.peopledidknowB.peoplehadknownC.hadpeopleknownD.didpeopleknow27.Itisourdailydecisions,ratherthanourabilities,______showwhatwetrulyare.A.which　　　B.who　　　C.what　　　D.that28.Asisknowntousall,Englishbooksofthiskind______wellinmiddle schools.A.sellB.sellsC.issoldD.aresold29.—Excuseme,sir,________eithersheorIselectedtojointheteam?—Sorry,neithershenoryou________．A.is;areB.am;areC.are;areD.is;is30.—DidyouhearthatLiHuawasrobbedduringhisrecenttriptoSouthAfrica?—Yes,notonly________hismoney,buthewasnearlykilled.A.helostB.didheloseC.hehadlostD.washelost【答案】1.A　2.B　3.B　4.A　5.B　6.A　7.B　8.A9.C　10.A　11.C　12.B　13.D　14.A　15.D　16.A17.B　18.B　19.C　20.D　21.D　22.B　23.B　24.B25.C　26.D　27.D　28.A　29.A　30.B