高考英语语法专题讲解——情景交际 21页

高考英语语法专题讲解（情景交际）（一）高考英语情景交际考点：交际最基本的要求是：委婉、有礼、得体、连贯、符合文化习惯。一、问候：(介绍、告别)中西对比在日常交谈中，英国人彼此见面常常喜欢以“Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.Hello/Hi.”打招呼；并且喜欢以谈论天气(Niceday,isn’tit?)作为交谈的开始；美国人见面常常问身体等；而中国人却常问“吃过饭了吗?”基本用语a.见面问候：Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.Hello/Hi.b.代向某人问候：Bestwishes/regardsto...=giveone"sregardstosb=giveone"sbestwishestosb=giveone"sbestlovetosb=giveone"sbestregardstosb.c.替某人向……问好:say“Hi”/“Hello”tosbfromsb=giveone"sregardstosb.Pleaseremembermeto....回答用语:----Iwill.Thanks.d.Howdoyoudo?(初次见面通常用语)---Howdoyoudo?Howareyou?(比较熟悉的人之间用语)---Fine,thankyou,andyou?/Verywell,thankyou.Howareyougettingalongwith...?(你近来...可好?)--Everyisfine!Howareyoudoing?(您工作还顺利吧?)---I"mjustgreat!Howiseverything?(一切还好吧?)---Very(quite)well，thankyou!Howisyourvacation/holiday(s)/ChristmasDay/weekend?(假期怎么样?)---Notbad!What"sup?(近来可忙?)---Couldn"tbebetter,thankyou!What"sgoingon?(近来可好?)---Justsoso.（一般;还可以）注意要点1.“Hello”既可用于问候，有时也用于引起对方注意，打电话或叫人，多在熟人之间使用，而“Hi”的用法比“Hello”更随便，口语中多见。2.Hello！和Hi！是互相熟悉的人之间的招呼语，比较随便，一天中任何时候都可以用。有时，后面还可加上对方的名字，以示亲热。Goodevening!一般用于晚上(通常是九点以前).需要注意的是，不可用Goodday来打招呼。Goodmorning！省略good时，也可用来打招呼，但一般用于比较熟悉的人之间。3.“Howareyou?”则用于询问对方身体情况答语可根据实际情况，如：“Fine/Verywell，thankyou.”注意:(very)good不能用来表示身体健康.假如身体确实不太舒服并想让对方知道，不妨说Nottoowell,I"mafraid.4.对于不认识的人，想要他/她停下的说法：Hey,Sir/Madam!Justamoment,Sir/Madam.5.与英美人见面寒暄时，不应问及他(她)的年龄、婚否、收入等个人隐私情况。★介绍基本用语a.ThisisMr/Mrs/Miss/Ms/Comrade....MayIintroduceyouto...?I’dlikeyoutomeet....b.Howdoyoudo?Nice/Glad/Pleasedtosee/meetyou.Nicemeetingyou…c.Mynameis....I’ma(student/teacher,etc.).MayIknowyourname?Margaret,canyouintroducemetoher?Letmeintroduceyoutoothers.MeetmysisterCathy.Bill,thisisTom.Hi,I"mSusan,thisismycallingcard.注意要点“Nicetomeetyou.”与“Nicetoseeyou.” 有一点区别。前者的意思是初次见面（认识你很高兴）被人介绍相识后的寒暄用语。后者与前者在意思上相同，但是用于熟人之间（一段时间未见面后再次相遇）两者回答用语与问候语相同。Nicetomeetyou.主要表示初次见面时的问候，而Nicemeetingyou.则是初次见面分手时的用语。难点：“Nicetomeetyou.’’为初次见面时的礼貌用语;”Nicemeetingyou.’’为初次见面后的告别语。★告别中西对比客人要走,中国人会极力留客;留不住也会送客很远很远;嘴里说:“慢走!”,客人要走,英美人决不留客,通常一句“Good-bye!”出门一概不理!对于客人到访,时常要表示感谢:Thankyouforcoming.基本用语1.直接的告别话语有：Goodbye!(Byebye!Bye!)Seeyou(tomorrow)!Seeyoulater!Solong!Farewell!Goodnight.2.委婉的告别辞有：I"dliketosaygoodbyetoeveryone.I"mcallingtosaygoodbye.I’mafraidImustbeleaving/offnow.Ithinkit’stimeforustoleavenow.3.其他带有祝愿以及叮嘱等的告别辞有：I"lllookforwardtoseeingyousoon.Let"shopewe’llmeetagain.Hopetoseeyouagain.Dropinanytimeyoulike.注意要点a.Goodnight./Night!只限于晚上告别或上床睡觉时使用。b.Haveaniceday！限于白天告别时用(如早餐后家人互相道别)。c.告别前通常要说一两句客套话，如：I"mafraidImustbeoff(going)now.长久告别时，还可同时表达希望今后多联系(Keep/Getintouch)，要对方保重身体(Takecare)，问候对方家人(Pleasesendmybestwishes/regardstoyourfamily.)等。d.难点：“Seeyou.”道别时用语.同Good-bye.但有别于Yousee,“你知道”.如:Yousee,everythinghastwosides.而Takecare也是道别是用语,但表示“多保重”二、邀请（约会）中西对比西方人在发出“邀请”前常有一个引子，尤其在客气的场合，如可先这样问一下对方是否有空：Areyoufreethisevening?而Wouldyouliketo...和I"dliketoinviteyouto...的句式较为客气，带有商量、询问的口气，多用于不知对方能否接受邀请的场合。a.接受他人邀请时通常还要表示一下感谢。常用:Yes,I’dloveto.Yes,it’sverykind/niceofyou;Yes,withpleasure.b.如果是稍有保留地接受，可这样说：IwillifIcan.It"sverykindofyoutoinviteme,butI"mnotsureifIcancome.c.拒绝他人的邀请一般不直接说No,而要婉言谢绝（通常会说明理由），并要声明自己是愿意接受“邀请”的，但因某种原因不能接受，并表示歉意或感谢。常用：I’dliketo,butI’mtoobusy./I’msorryIcan’t,but…Ireallyenjoyit,butI’vegottogonow.IwishIcouldacceptyourinvitation,butI’mafraidIdon’thavetimetogo.Thankyouforyourkindness,butI’vegotanappointmentatthattime.基本用语a.Will/Would/Can/Couldyoucometo...?Wouldyouliketo…I"dliketoinviteyouto...&b.Yes,I"dlove/beglad/happyto(...).Yes,I"dliketo./I"llbegladto.Ofcourse.I"llbeglad to.Ohyes,thankyou.Yes,it"sverykind/niceofyou.OK.Thankyouverymuch.Yes,great.Sure,whynot?Sure.That"sagoodidea.Yes,withpleasure.c.I"dloveto,but....I"msorry,butIcan"t.★约会:基本用语a.Areyou/Willyoubefreethisafternoon/tomorrow?Howabouttomorrowmorning/afternoon/evening?Shallwemeetat4:30at...?b.Yes,that’sallright.Yes,I’llbefreethen.c.No,Iwon’tbefreethen.ButI’llbefree....d.Allright.Seeyouthen.交际例句1.--AreyoufreenextWednesdayevening?Iwanttogotothecinemawithyou?--Yes,I"dliketo.2.--Whenshallwemeet,todayortomorrow?--Idon"tmind.EithertimeisOK.3.--Areyoufreelatertoday?--Sorry,I"mfreeeverydayexcepttoday.4.--Areyoufreethisafternoon?--Ohno.Willthiseveningbeallright?5.--Wouldyouliketojoinus?(喜欢和我们一起吗?)Shallwedance?(我们可以跳个舞吗?)三、感谢和应答:中西对比1.在英语文化中人们常常通过赞扬来鼓励某些合乎自己心意的行为，像Youdidagoodjob!Welldone,everyone.Youlooknice.That"sabeautifulshirtyou"rewearing.Youareveryclever.而对他人的赞美，最普通、常用的答语是“Thankyou.”而在中国的文化中，人们面对夸奖，常说“您过奖了”、“哪里，哪里。”（“Where,where?”）以表示谦逊。2.英国人收到礼物时，通常都会当着送礼人的面打开礼物，同时会说一些喜欢或赞美的话以表示谢意，送礼人此时常常附和说:“I"mgladyoulikeit.”而中国人往往说一些谦让的话“您太客气了。”“您这样做太破费了。”等。若用此表达方式对待英国人，对方肯定会觉得你不喜欢或对他的礼物不屑一顾。3.在西方,别人给你做事、帮忙，别人向你问候或祝贺，别人给你鼓励或赞扬时,不能直接说No，而应该说Thankyou。4.当别人问你要不要喝茶或吃点什么东西时，你若要喝或吃应说Yes,please，若你不想吃或喝应说No，thankyou．或No，thanks．5.没得到或不需要对方的帮助可以说:Thankyouall/justthesame.Thankyouanyway。基本用语a.Thankyou(verymuch)./Thanks(alot)./Manythanks./Thanksfor....It"sverykindofyouto….b.Notatall./That"sallright./You"rewelcome./That"sOK．/It"sapleasure/(It"s)Mypleasure。Don"tmentionit.I"mgladyoulikeit.It"sreallynothingatall.感谢：Thankyou.Thanks.It’sverykind/niceofyou.回答：Notatall.It’s/That’sallright.You’rewelcome.It’sapleasure.Mypleasure.That’sOK.Don’tmentionit.难点：“Mypleasure.’’同”It’sapleasure.’’是感谢应答语译作“不用谢’’;而”Withpleasure.’’是请求应答语译作“乐意效劳,非常愿意’’★祝愿、祝贺和应答:中西对比A.对于他人的祝愿、祝贺，英美人表示感谢(Thanks)。B.和大家同庆同欢乐,回答用:Thesametoyou/You,too.C.I’mgladtohearthat.用于向对方主动告知的喜事表示祝贺或“附和”.D.西方人喜欢收到礼物时当场打开并大加赞赏说：Wonderful！/Beautiful！/Whatanicepresent!/Howniceagift！并表示感谢! E.允许去玩乐说:Haveanice/good/pleasant/wonderfultime./Havefun!玩得开心点!尽情去玩吧!F.为人送行用:Haveagoodtrip./Haveapleasantjourney./Goodluckwithyourtrip!Goodtriptoyou!Nicejourneytoyou!祝旅途愉快！祝一路顺风！基本用语1.Bestwishestoyou!Iwishyougoodhealth.Goodluckandsuccesstoyou!Wishyousuccess!Mayyousuccess/succeed!2.MerryChristmas!Happybirthdaytoyou!/HappyNewYear!3.Congratulations(on…)!Welldone!Goodluckwith…/Goodlucktoyou!4.Enjoyyourvacation!EnjoyyourstayinChina.注意要点祝愿:Goodluck!Enjoyyourself!Havefun!Congratulations.应答:Thankyou.Thesametoyou.You,too.难点:Welldone!干得好，真棒！用以赞扬对方做得好。Congratulations！祝贺对方已取得成功。“Goodluck！‘’祝愿对方交好运，反语为：Badluck!或Justmyluck!”Havefun!’’祝愿对方玩得开心,同Enjoyyourself.四、道歉、遗憾和应答(责备和抱怨;提醒)中西对比中国人喜欢反复强调自己的谦意，并喜欢用“非常抱歉”、“深表歉意”等表示程度倾向的语句，而英美人士则不同，对于因客观原因而造成的过失或差错，不必主动工过分向对方表示歉意。如一定要向对方道歉，说声sorry即可，一般不用very,terribly,truly等表示程度的词。因为在美国，过分的道歉或自责反而显得不太诚恳，令人感到虚假或另有用心。对于不能去做或已经发生的不幸的事情,西方人表示遗憾说:Whatapity/shame!表示同情说:I"msorrytohearthat.Badluck!基本用语1.(I"m)Sorry./I"msorryfor/about…/I"msorrytodosth./I"msorrytohavedonesth…2.Excuse/Pardonme(for…)3.Pleaseforgivemefor...(请原谅…)4.sb.beafraidthat…5.Whatapity/shame!/It"sapitythat…A.Itisnotimportant.That"sOK.That"sallright.It"squiteallright.Nevermind.Itdoesn"tmatter(atall).Notatall.It"snothing./That"snothing.(没关系)Pleasedon"tworry.It"snothingtoworryabout.Nottoworry.Don"tmentionit.Itdoesn"treallymatter.Pleasethinknothingofit.Let"sforgetit./Noharmdone.B.That"snotyourfault.It"snotyourfault.Itwasmetoblame.(这是我的错)Itwasallmyfaulttohavedone...(这都是我的错…)That"sokay.Don"tletitbotheryou.(没事，别想的太多了)Wereallydidn"tmeanthatatall.(我们真的没有那样的意思)注意要点Excuseme通常用于下列情形：需要打断别人谈话或工作时；有求于他人时；因故需要暂时离开时；就某事表示不同意见时；自己的言行将会影响他人时。（即：说或做可能令人不悦的事情之前使用以引起别人注意）。注意:打扰别人，意为“劳驾”；请求别人让路；向别人问路，打听消息，意为“对不起，请问…”。回答时说:“Yes?”； Sorry用于说话人做了错事或无意中与别人发生冲撞时于事后向他人表示歉意；也可表示因不能满足他人要求或请求而表示歉意。“Ibegyourpardon.”用来表示听话人未能听清楚他人所说的话，而希望说话人重复所说的话时的礼貌用法，“没听清话语,而要麻烦再说一遍.”。I’msorrytohearit/that.则是对说话者本人或近亲属已经发生的不幸,进行安慰。道歉：Whatapity/shame.I’msorry.应答：It’s/That’sallright.Itdoesn’tmatter.Nevermind.Forgetit.That’sOK.难点：“Forgetit.’’共有三种意义:①休想，不可能。YouexpectTomtocomeearlier.Forgetit,healwayscomeslate.②没关系，别在意。I’mterriblysorryforhavingbrokenyourmirror.Forgetit.③别提它了，表不原重复所说之话。Whatwereyousayingjustnow?Ididn’thear.Oh,nothing,forgetit.Getit.明白了Makeit.干成,做成.Takeit.拿去吧。★责备和抱怨中西差异西方人说话比较直率。对于别人的打扰，自己受到的不公平待遇会以“提醒”、“明确表示”等方式说出来，但是不会不留面子。一般对责备与抱怨，人们通常的反应是表示抱歉(I’msorry)与愿意接受。基本用语A.英语中责备与抱怨的话通常有：Whatonearthisthematterhere?(到底发生了什么事?)I"mafraidIhaveacomplainttomakeabouttheservice.(我对你们的服务有意见。)Yououghttobeashamedofwhatyou"vedoneonme.(你应为你对我所做的事感到羞愧。)Whyonearthdidyousaysuchasillythingtome?(你对我说这种蠢话究竟是什么意思?)Yououghttobecarefulenoughnexttime.(你下次再不能这样粗心了。)It"snoniceofyoutobehavelikethat.(你那样做太不像话。)Iamashamedofyou.我为你感到羞耻。Youcan"tdothattome.你不能这样对我。Whycan’tyoudosomethingaboutit?Howdareyoudothat?你怎幺敢这样做？Can"tyousee?你难道没看见吗？Whatdoyoumeanbydoingso?你那样做是什幺意思？Whatonearthisthematter?究竟发生了什幺事情？Whydidn"tyoutellmethetruthearlier?Didn"tItellyoutobehereontime?难道我没叫你准时到这里吗？B.I’msorrytohavesaidthat,but....It"smyfault，Iamtoblame.这是我的过错,我该罚。It"snoneofyourbusiness.你不要多管闲事。★提醒：基本用语Don’tforgetto....Don’tyourememberthedayswhen...?MakesurethateverythingisOKnow.Imustremindyouof…Becareful!考点：Mindyourstep/head!Wetfloor!、Lookout!、Becareful!、Don’ttouch!、Takecare!难点：“Lookout!’’警告对方有危险,英语解释为warnsomebodytheyareindanger."Takecare”警告对方做事要小心,英语解释为warnsomebodytodosomethingcarefully,还可作道别时用语,译为“请多保重’’.与look相关的交际用语还有:Justhavealook.随便看看.Lookwhatyou’vedone!看看你干了些什么!五、禁止和警告基本常识日常生活中，人们经常会碰到“禁止”“警告”的场合，如在博物馆里的NoTouch（请勿触摸展品）；影剧院里、公共汽车上的NoSmoking（不许抽烟）；公园里座位旁边的WetPaint（油漆未干）；交通要道处的NoParking（禁止停车）等。在正式场合，提醒对方注意，语气一般较为婉转，如：Pleasebesuretocomeearliertomorrow. 当对方处于危险状态而没有注意到时，你应该及时提出警告以防不测。如情况危险，就用简短有力的祈使句。如：Takecare!/Watchout!/Becareful!/Stop!接受了别人的警告必须向对方表示感谢并简要说明理由,甚至道歉。禁止和警告通常是在一种紧急的语境中发出的，而且语言要简洁，因此祈使句是常见的表达方式。禁止和警告这一功能有时相当于威胁，但口气强弱有所不同。表示禁止时常用：Youmustn"t/Youcan"t(不行)。表示警告时常用和：Takecare./Becareful!/Lookout!/Mindout!小心Watchout!当心!等。基本用语Youcan"t/Mustn"tdo……Ifyou……,youwill……Youhadbetternotdo….Don"tsmoke.Nonoise,please.No+doing…Besurenottodo…Lookout!(紧急)/Takecare!(提醒注意)/Becareful!Lookoutfor…/Becarefulwith…Makesureyoulockthedoorwhenyouleave!Mindthewetpaint!Mindyourownbusiness!别管闲事！Watchoutwhereyouarewalking.Noway./OK，Iwill./Sorry，Iwon"t.交际例句1.--Don"tclimbthatladder!It"sbroken.--OK.Thankyou.2.--Lookout!There"sacarcoming.--Oh,thankyou.3.--Youmustn"tplayonthestreet.It"sdangerous.--No,wewon"t.4.--Don"ttouchthemachinewhenitisworking.--No,Iwon"t.Thankyou.5.--Youarenotallowedtosmokehere.--Oh,I"msorry.六、请求、允许（提出帮助;提出建议和忠告、）:基本用语a.May/Can/CouldI...?IwonderifIcould/can....DoyoumindifIdo..?/WouldyoumindifIdid…?b.Yes/Sure/Certainly.Yes,(do)please.Ofcourse(youmay).Goahead,please.(有请!)That"sOK/allright.Notatall.Withpleasure.很乐意.c.I"msorryyoucan"t.I"msorry,but....You"dbetternot.Allright./OK.▲对Would/Doyoumindif…的回答。(首先要根据情况回答“是否介意”。如果真的介意,都要委婉拒绝。不介意的答语：No,ofcoursenot./Certainlynot./No,goahead./Notatall.介意的答语：I"msorryyoucan"t./Sorry,butit"snotallowed./You"dbetternot.Iwouldratheryoudidn"t…/I"mafraid…▲对IwonderifIcould/can的回答：允许Sure,goahead./Yes,pleasedo./Yes.Ofcourse.Certainly.不允许I"msorry,but…/I"mafraidnot./No,pleasedon"t./You"dbetternot.交际例句1.--Pleaseletmehelpyou.--No,thanks.Icancarryit.2.--CanIseeyourlicenceplease?--OK. 3.--MayIcallyouJames?--Ofcourse,ifyouwish.4.--CouldIborrowapenplease?--Ofcourse.Withpleasure.5.--Excuseme.MayIuseyourdictionary?--Yes,hereyouare.6.--MayIaskyouseveralquestions?--Yes,ofcourse.注意要点请求:May/Can/CouldI…？Would/DoYoumind…？应答肯定：Yes/Sure/Certainly.Yes,please.Ofcourse(not),youmay/can.Takeyourtime.Yes,helpyourself.Goahead,please.Notatall.That’sOK/allright.Notintheleast.Notabit.否定：I’dratheryoudidn’t.You’dbetternot.I’msorryyoucan’t.难点：“Takeiteasy.’’安慰对方不要生气、紧张不安,即totellsomeonetobecomelessupsetorangry;”Takeyourtime.’’同nohurry.安慰对方不要急,慢慢来,即todosomethingslowlywithouthurrying;“Sure,goahead.’’当然可以,干吧、做吧、说吧等,即totellsomebodytheycandosomething;”Yes,helpyourself.’’同意对方使用,让对方自己动手取,英语解释为takesomethingyouwantbyyourself.Notintheleast.一点也不.如:--Ihopeyoudon’tmindmyturningontheradio.--Notintheleast.请求和应答请求：Can/Could/Wouldyouplease…?应答:No/Lessnoise,please.Whatfor?难点：与what相关的交际应语:“whatfor?’’相当于“why?’’表’’为什么’’,还可表示’’为何’’,即forwhatpurpose;“Guesswhat!’’‘’你猜猜发生了什么事?’’用于说出令人感到惊讶的事情前;而“What’sup?’’表示“What’shappening?’’译作:有啥事?“Sowhat?’’表示“是••••••又怎么样’’;’’那有什么了不起’’“与我有什么关系’’“What’swrong?’’表焦虑;“Whatashame!’’表遗憾;“Whatisit?’’是什么;“Whatabout…?’’表劝告或建议;“Whatasurprise!’’表惊讶.★提供（帮助等）和应答基本常识1.发现陌生人或不太熟悉的人有困难，一般用下列句子主动提供帮助。CanIhelpyou?/WhatcanIdoforyou?/IsthereanythingIcandoforyou?Doyouwantmetocallyouadoctor?/Letmecarrytheluggageforyou.Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?2.如果是熟悉的人或朋友，可直接问对方需要什么帮助。Wouldyoulikemetogetyouabook?/Doyouwantmetocallyouataxi?Ifyoudon"tmind,I"llgoandbuythemforyou./Here,takemyumbrella.3.不需要别人帮助时，还是得先表示谢意。Pleasedon"tworry.Icanmanageitmyself.Pleasedon"tbother.Thankyouallthesame.No,thanks.基本用语1.Can/Could/ShallIhelpyou?2.Wouldyoulikemeto…?3.Doyouwantmeto…?4.Wouldyoulikesome……?Thanks.Thatwouldbenice/fine./That"sverykindyourhelp./Thankyouforyourhelp.Yes,please./Here,takethis/my…（接受帮助）No,thanks/thankyou.No,thanks/thankyou.Icanmanageitmyself.Thankyouallthesame.That"sverykindofyou,but…★提出建议和忠告中西差异以建议或者劝告的形式要某人做一件事，不同于直接命令，因为说话人只是提出建议，而把做与不做的决定权留给听话人。对于他人提出的建议和忠告，若认为可以接受，要表示赞赏或感谢。 对于他人提出的建议和忠告,我们不能使用汉语式的表达“我同意”（Iagree。）因为，英语中的Iagree（withyou）一般用来表示“同意对方的观点、看法等”。基本用语1.Iadviseyou(not)todo…/you"dbetter(not)do…/Isuggestthatyou(should)do…/Whynotdo…/Whydon"tyoudo…;How/Whataboutdoing…/Shallwe…?/Let’s…2.Yes,Isupposeso./Yes,Icertainlywill./Yes,butdon"tyouthink…?That"sgreat.Goodidea./That"sagoodidea./Whynot?3.That"simpossible,butthankyouallthesame.这不可能，但还是要谢谢你的。It"snotourfault.I"mafraidIcan"tdothat.这不是我的错，恐怕我作不了主。I"mafraidIcan"tfollowyouradvice./I"mafraidnot.七、表达感情：基本用语A.Expressinganxiety(焦虑)1.What"swrong?/What"sthematter(withyou)?/Isthereanythingthematter?2.Oh,whatshallI/wedo?3.Oh,whatshallI/wedo?Wewereallanxiousabout....B.Expressingsurprise(惊奇)1.Really?//Isthatso?(是真的吗?)Ohdear?/MyGod!(哦,我的天)2.Goodheavens!MyGoodness!/Goodness!/ThankGoodness!(“庆幸”自己没遭遇不幸)3.Icanhardlybelievemyears.难点：Guesswhat!“你猜猜发生了什么事！”用于说出令人感到惊讶的事情前。What?则表对方介绍一种情况，说话者觉得难以置信，希望对方重复部分内容。Nowonder.表因果，前一原因导致后来结果，译作“难怪，不足为奇’’。Howcome?“怎么会呢？”表惊讶。如：Howcomeyouarestillhere?Ithoughtyouhadleft.How’sthat?询问对方是否满意,译作“怎么样？’’如：Comeup!How’sthat?Canyouseeitclearernow?还表示”“那是怎么回事?如：I,msorryIcan’tgowithyou.How’sthat?Haven’twefixedit?考点：That’snice/wonderful/great/lovely!Hownice/wonderful!I’mglad/pleased/happyto…难点：I’mgladtohearthat.此句是考查热点，表高兴或喜悦。如：--Ihadareallygoodweekendatmyuncle’s.--Oh,I’mgladtohearthat.C.Expressingpleasure(喜悦)1.I"mglad/pleased/happyto…2.That"snice/wonderful/great.3.Hopefullytomorrowwillturnfine.八、肯定与不肯定（同意和不同意、可能与不可能）中西对比对某件事情的真实性是否肯定，是否有把握，在英语中常用sure,certain,doubt等词或may,might,must等情态动词表达。may,might具有试探性，must表示一种逻辑推断的必然。此外，为了增强客气的口吻，表示不肯定时可以伴随一些表示遗憾、担忧或歉意的表达方式。基本用语a.I’msure(ofthat).I’msure(that)...Itiscertainthat…(不能说itissurethat…)b.I’mnotsure(ofthat).I’mnotsurewhether/if....Idoubtif....Thereisnodoubtaboutit.Ihavenodoubtaboutit对此事我敢肯定。Notahope.不可能。Nochanceatall.一点也不可能。outofthequestion.不可能Yes,certainly./No,certainlynot./Yes,itsure/certainlyis./No,itcertainlyisn"t.注意要点v考点：Perhaps/Maybe.It’shardtosay.Ihavenoidea.Itdepends.It’suptoyou.Nochance.NotasfarasIknow.That’sright.v难点：Itdepends.“视情况而定’’，表目前尚不确定，待情况发展而定。Ihavenoidea.” 不清楚、不知道’’，表说话者对此事不曾知晓。如：--HasBobfinishedhishomework?--Ihavenoidea.It’suptoyou.“你看着办吧’’，表说话者无所谓或无权作出决定，靠对方自己作出决定。★同意与不同意:中西文化对比同意和不同意是肯定和否定的另一种形式，但表达的不是某个事实的正确与否，而是对它的判断和意见。西方人如果对一令人不愉快的意见表示同意时，可能加上一些表示遗憾之类的词语更为合适。对某件事的真实性是否有把握，可以用委婉的语气进行推测。基本用语a.表同意:Certainly/Sure/Ofcourse.Noproblem.Yes,please.Yes,Ithinkso.That’strue.Allright/OK.Good!/Excellent!/That"sfine!Whatagoodidea!That’sagoodidea....It’sagoodideathat....I/Weagree(withyou).That"stherightthingtodo!b.不同意:No,Idon’tthinkso.I’mafraidnot.I’mafraidI(really)can’tagreewithyou.It"snotverynice.Idon"tthinkthatisagoodidea.Doyouthinkthatisagoodidea?Personally,Ifeelthatit"sunwise.Whataterribleidea.Whataterriblethingtodo!c.Noway!Exactly(说得对.正是)交际例句1.--Ithinktheshopisclosedatthistimeofday.--No,Ithinkit"sopen.2.--Ithinkforeignlanguagesaremoreinterestingthanscience.--Ireallycan"tagreewithyou.Ipreferscience.3.--IthinkIshallreadabookinstead.--Goodidea.That"smuchbetterthanwatchingabadTVProgramme.4.--IthinkChineseismorepopularthananyothersubject.--Maybe.ButIpreferart.5.--Don"tthinkinChinesewhenyou"respeakingEnglish.--Youarequiteright.注意要点同意：Certainly/Sure/Ofcourse/Exactly.Noproblem.Yes,please.Yes,Ithinkso.AllrightOK.It’sagoodidea.Soundsgood.Icouldn’tagreemore.Iwill.Withpleasure.Sure,goahead.Yes,helpyourself.Idaresay,.Ishouldthinkso.Ifyoulike,Whynot?Soitis.不同意：No.Idon’tthinkso.I’mafraidnot.Noway.Farfromit.Forgetit.Nochance.难点：Noway.没门儿：Nochance.决不可能，即说话者确信某事不可能发生；Icouldn’tagreemore.我非常赞成或我再同意不过了。比较级用于否定句中表最高级。又如：Itcan’tbebetter/worse.Farfromit.远不是，差得远呢，表远非达到某种程度，视具体语境，译法灵活。如：Doyouthinkheisagoodworker?Farfromit.“Iwill.’’表允诺、同意，译作”我会的’’。如：--Doyouremembermetoyourwife?--Iwill.Ishouldthinkso.表强烈赞成,译作“当然’’.Ishouldthinknot.与之相反译作”当然不’’。如:--I’mnotgoingouttonight.--Ishouldthinknot,you’realwaysbusy.★可能与不可能： 基本用语a.Hecan/may....Itispossiblethat....Itislikelythat....b.Hemaynot....Sb.isnotlikelytodo/that…(不能说:sbispossibletodo/that…).c.Itlooksasif/thoughitmightrainlater.Itappearstomethatwe’llhavetogoonfoot.d.We’llprobablydo…./Idoubtif….e.That’s/It’squiteimpossible/It’sveryunlikely.That’shardlypossible.That’llneverhappen./Probablenot.f.Perhaps/Maybe.It"suptoyou.(由你决定)Itdepends.(看情况再说)It"shardtosay(难说).Ican"tdecide.(我拿不定主意)。九、征求或表达意见（预见、猜测和相信；意愿与希望）：中西文化差异在表明自己对事物的判断时，好坏要明确，是非要分明。尤其在对方干得比较出色时，要多加鼓励。如：Welldone!Goodjob!Quiteperfect!等。如果要陈述自己的某些观点时，英语中一般要使用一些较委婉的短语，如：Inmyopinion(依我看)；AsIseeit(在我看来)；SofarasIknow（据我所知）；Personallyspeaking(就我个人而言)等。在中国的文化背景里，陈述自己的看法、观点之前，常常这样说：依本人之愚见、我谈一点不太成熟的看法、跟大家交换一点肤浅的认识、我发言的目的是抛砖引玉等。如果直译过去，西方人会大吃一惊，他们认为：既然是“未成熟的”、“肤浅的”，为何不以后再谈，现在不是没必要吗？既然是砖，又何必要抛呢？因此。在跨文化交际中，切忌用词的过分谦虚或委婉。基本用语1.Whatdoyoufeellikedoing?Ifeellike…2.Personally,I’drather(not)+原形动词/I’mreadytodo很乐意干……3.Whatwouldyouliketodo?I’dliketo…4.—Whatdoyouplantodo?—I’mplanningtodo…/Iwant(intend,wish,plan)todo…5.Whatisyouropinionof…?=Whatdoyouthinkof…?=Howdoyoulike…?=Howdoyoufind…?你觉得……怎么样？(用于询问对人或事物的喜欢程度、态度、看法等)6.Yes,Iquiteagreewithyouaboutthat.Youarequiterighthere.Ihavenoobjection.Thereisnodoubtaboutit.Ithinkthisonewilldo.Iratherdoubtthat.(我非常怀疑。)Idon"tquiteagreewithyou.I’magainstit.(我不十分同意你的意见，我反对。)That"swhereIdisagreewithyou.Myownviewexactly.(这正好是我的观点。)Idon"tthinkit"sverypractical.(我不认为这很实际。)7.Ibet.我敢断定。It"shardtosay.这很难说。Ican"tdecide.我拿不定主意。▲口语中，在上下文明确时，常用省略句表达自己的意见。如:肯定:Ibelieveso.否定:Ibelievenot./Idon’tbelieveso。类似用法的词还有：suppose,think,fear,expect,imagine等注意对比：hear,hope,beafraid否定形式只有：Ifearnot.Ihopenot.I’mafraidnot.没有:Idon’thopeso.★预见、猜测和相信:基本用语1.Iguessthat……/Ibelieve……/Itseemsthat……/Itseemstosbthat……/Itlooksasif……Itlooksasthough……2.Shemusthavedone……当时她一定是……/Itcertainlyis./Ibelievewhatyousaid.DoyouthinkI"dbelieveastorylikethat?/Howisthatpossible?You"renotserious,areyou?Youmustbejoking./Don"tbesilly./Ithinkit"shardtobelieve. 交际例句—Isthattrue?—Maybe,I"mnotsure.—Willhecome?—Perhapsnot.—Canyouplaybasketballwithmenow?—I"mafraidnot.I"llhavetofinishmyhomeworkfirst.—MayIborrowyourbike?—Certainly./Sure.—Canyoudance?—Icertainlycan./Isurecan.★意愿和希望基本常识◆Whatwouldyoulike…一般用于服务员询问客人想吃点什么，主人询问客人想吃点什么，或在商店购物时，售货员询问顾客想要买什么。◆Whatwouldyouliketodo?表示询问对方想要做什么。基本用语a.I’mgoingto....Iintend/mean/planto....I’dliketo....I(donot)want/hopeto....Ifeellikedoing(goingoutforawalk).I’mreadyto....Iwouldrathernottellyou.b.Iwant/hope/wishto....Iwishthat....Iwouldliketo....意愿预见v考点：Ihopeso/not.Iwouldrathernottellyou.Ibelieveso/not.Iguessso/not.v难点：I（don’t）guess/believe/think/supposeso/not.但不可说Idon’thopeso.十、职责：(求救)基本用语在提示对方的职责中常用情态动词must,should,need,haveto,hadbetter,oughtto,don"thaveto以及besupposedtodo,benecessarytodo等。Pleaseleaveitalone.请别理它。—MustIbepresentatthemeetingat7o"clock?我必须7点到会吗？—No,youneedn"t.Youmaycomeataroundeight.不，不必要。你可以8点左右来。—DoIhavetoreturnthedictionarybeforeFriday?周五前我必须归还词典吗？—No,youdon"thaveto.不，没必要。★求救:基本用语a.Help!Thief!b.What’sthematter?十一、打电话中西对比1打电话人自我介绍：用英语打电话时，开头打招呼的第一句话通常是Hello，然后便自报姓名，再告知想与谁通话。Hello!(it’s)Mike(here)./Hello!ThisisMike(speaking).2打电话人要某人接电话-：需要证实对方的身份时，不能说Areyou...?或Whoareyou?May/Can/CouldIspeaktoKate,please?/IsthatKate?/IsKatein/athome?/Who"sthat?3本人接电话：Hello,8244011./Goodmorning.ThisisKate(speaking)./Yes,speaking.a接电话时，第一句招呼语可以是Hello,也可以视情况说Goodmorning!紧接着再报自己的电话号码或姓名,也可报单位名称。不打招呼，直接介绍自己，再问对方是谁也可以。b问对方是谁时可以这样说：Who"scalling?/Whoisthatspeaking?/IsthatMikespeaking/calling?4代接电话人叫某人接电话时：先对打电话的人说:Holdonplease./Justaminuteplease.然后叫人接电话:Youarewantedonthephone./　　There"sacallforyou./Foryou.基本用语1.Can/Could/Wouldyouringup/call/callup…?2.Theline"sbusy.Ican"tgetthrough.I"lltryagainlater.3.CanItakeamessage(foryou)?Will/Wouldyougiveamessageto…,please?4.Canyouask…toringmeback,please?I"llask…tocallyouback.5.He/Sheisn"thererightnow. 打电话考点：Isthat…speaking？Holdon,please。Justaminute，please.Hello,whoisit/that〈speaking〉？Hello，thisis…speaking。There’snoPippahere.Speaking.难点：熟练掌握打电话用语.指对方时用指示代词that/it.指说话者本人时用指示代词this.打电话用语还有:Areyouthere?你还在接听吗?Supposeyouringmeup.你给我打电话好吗?等等.十二、问时间和日期(谈论天气)基本用语1.Whatdayis(it)today?2.What"sthedatetoday?/Whatdateisit？3.Excuseme,whattimeisitbyyourwatch?4.It"sMonday/Tuesday…It"sJanuary10th.交际例句1.--Hi,Mary.Whattimeisitnow?--It"saboutthree.2.--Whatdayisittoday?--It"sWednesday.3.--Excuseme.Couldyoutellmewhattimetheplaneleaves?--Certainly.Itleavesattenintheevening.4.--What"sthetime?Mywatchhasstopped.--Letmesee.It"sfivetoten.5.--Excuseme.Haveyougotthetime?--Yes,it"ssixtwenty.6.--Excuseme.Couldyoutellmethetime?--Ohsorry,Idon"thavemywatchwithme.★谈论天气（Talkingabouttheweather）基本用语a.What’stheweatherliketoday?How’stheweatherin.../today?---It’sratherwarm/cold/hot...today,isn’tit?---Yes,itis./Yes,isn’tit?(注意答语)b.It’sfine/cloudy/windy/rainy....It’sgettingcold/warm....It’sabeautifuldaytoday.交际示范1.--It"safinedayforawalk.--Yes,theairisniceandclean.2.--Ohdear!It"sverycoldtoday.--Yes,youneedtowearwarmerclothes.3.--What"stheweatherliketoday?--It"sfine.4.--What"stheweatherlikeinyourcountrynow?--It"sveryhot.5.--Lovelyweather,isn"tit?--Yes,isn"tit?6.--Imissedtheweatherreportthismorning.Didyouhearit?--Yes.Itsaidpartlycloudytoday,withastrongwindfromThenorthwest.十三、语言困难（Languagedifficulties）基本用语1.没听清楚请求重复:Pardon?/Ibegyourpardon?/Sorry.Wouldyoupleasesaythatagain?/Wouldyoupleasesaythatmoreslowly?Wouldyoumindrepeatingthat?Whatdoyoumeanby…inChinese?2.询问是否听清楚:Isthatclear?/HaveImademyselfclear?/DoyouseewhatImean?3.澄清错误:I’msorryI’vemadeamistake.I’msorry,Ishouldhavesaid…WhatImeanis…That’snotwhatImeant.I’lltrytoexplainthatagain.交际例句1.--Idon"tquitefollowyou,MrGreen.Willyoupleasesayitagain?--OK.2.--DoyoufollowwhatI"msaying?--Sorry,Ican"tfollowyou./Ididn’tquitecatchyou.3.--Ibegyourpardon.Willyousayitagain?--Allright.4.--Willyousayitagainmoreslowly?Ican"tfollowyou.--OK.5.--Willyoupleaserepeatwhatyou"vejustsaid?--OK.I"llrepeatwhatIhavesaid.6.--I"msorry,Idon"tunderstandFrench.DoyouspeakEnglish?--Yes,Ido.十四、身体健康与看医生中西对比西方人听到自己的亲人、朋友或熟人等谈到有关身体健康的问题时，如：“IthinkIhaveabadcold.”如果听话人与说话人是朋友或同事，通常回答:“I"msorrytohear that.”或“You"dbetterseeadoctor.”但如果是说给医生，医生则不能用上述答话，而需用“Takeiteasy.”来回答。基本用语医生用语：1.WhatcanIdoforyou?/Whatwasthematter?/What"sthetrouble?2.Doesithurthere?/It"snothingserious./Letmeexamineyou./Takethismedicinethreetimesaday./AndIadviseyounottodo…3.Drinkplentyofwaterandhaveagoodrest./You"dbetterhaveagoodrest.4.Showmeyourtongue./Stickoutyourtongue./Didyoucoughmuch?/Fortunately,youonlyhavetheflu(流感)./You"llhavetobehospitalized(住院).5.Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?/Well,let"ssee.Openyourmouthandsay“ah”.Keepwarmanddon"tcatchcold./You"llbewellsoon.病人用语1.I"vegotapain(cough,headache,toothache)./Idon"tfeelwell./There"ssomethingwrongwith…./Thisplacehurts./Ifeelagreatpainhere./Ifeeldizzy(头晕)./Idon"tfeellikeeatinganything./Ihaveasorethroat(喉咙痛)andmychesthurts./Itstartedbotheringmeyesterdayafternoon./Ifeelhotandfeverish./I"machingallover./I"vebeenlosingsleep./Mywholebodyfeelsweak./I"velostmyvoice./Myearsareringing,andmycheeksburning./Ifeelapaininmyleftleg.2.Itooksomemedicinelastnight,buttheydidn"thelp./Doctor,pleasegivemeanexamination./I"vehadmytemperaturetaken.Iindeedhaveafever.Iwashotandcoldbyturns.(忽冷忽热)十五、问路基本句型用英语问路、指路的方法。AskingDirections：★Excuseme,Canyoutellmethewayto…?HowcanIgetto…?Whereis…?Whereisthenearest…?Whichisthewayto…?　　GivingDirections：★Gostraightaheadtillyousee…downthisstreettillyougetto…throughthegateandyouwillfindtheentranceto…★It"sabout…yards/metresdownthisstreet.基本用语1.一般先说Excuseme：Whereistheneareststation?Whichisthewaytothestation?CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?Couldyoutellmehowtogettotthestation?Howfarisittothestation?Couldyoutellmethewaytothestation?等。2.常用的提供信息的用语有：Goalong/down，Walkdown/alongthisroad/street…Takethefirst/…turningontheleft(right)Turnright/leftatthefirst……crossing.Goonuntilyoureachtheendoftheroad.It"sbetweenAandB.It"sinfrontof/behind/neartoBYoucan"tmissit.Youcanfindit.等。十六、TakingMeals(就餐)基本用语a.主问客:Whatwouldyoulike(tohave)...?Wouldyoulikesomething(toeat/drink)? Wouldyoulikesomemore...?Howaboutsomemore…?b.主请客:Helpyourselftosome....Letmegiveyou…Makeyourselfathome.c.答语:I"dlike....Cake/Twoeggs...,please.Yes,please.Thankyou.I"vehadenough.I"mfull,thankyou.Justalittle,please.No,thanks.交际句型★Findingatablefordinner找餐桌:Atableforfour,please.请安排一张四人用餐的桌子。★Seatingthediner给就餐者安排座位.1)Couldyoufollowme,please?2)Youcansitwhereyoulike.★Askingifthedinerisreadytoorder询问就餐者是否准备点菜了1)Areyoureadytoorder,sir?2)Can/MayItakeyourordernow?现在可以请您点菜了吗？★Askingwhatthedinerwouldliketohave询问就餐者想吃什么1)Doyouwantanythingtostartwith?开始先来点什么？Andwhattofollow?接下来要什么？2)Anythingelse?别的还要什么？3)Andanyvegetables?要点些蔬菜吗？3)Anythingtodrink?★Findingoutwhattherestauranthastoday了解餐馆今天有什么菜肴1)Couldweseethemenu,please?请给我看看菜单好吗？2)Let"shavealookatthemenufirst.3)Whatdoyouhavetodayforbreakfast?4)What"sspecialfortonight?今晚有什么特色菜？★Orderingameal点菜1)Allright.I"llorderthesame./Sameagainplease.行，我也点同样的菜。2)Andtwocoffeeswithcreamafterthat,please.那以后请来两杯加油咖啡。3)Bringmetwobeers,please.4)Getmesomechickensalad,please.请个我来点鸡肉色拉。5)I"dliketotrythechicken,please.6)Letushaveseafoodforachange.我们来点海味换换口味吧。★Askinghowthedinerwouldlikesomething询问就餐者对菜肴有什么要求1)Doyoulikeyourteastrongorweak?您喜欢茶浓点还是淡点？2)Howdoyoulikeyourcoffee?你喜欢什么样的咖啡？3)Howwouldyoulikethemprepared/done?你喜欢怎么个做法？★Expressinghospitality表示殷勤款待1)Anotherpieceoffriedsteak?再来一块炸牛排好吗？2)Dohavesomemore,there"splentyleft.3)Eatalittlefish,please.4)HavesomeandI"msureyou"lllikeit.★Respondingtohospitality对殷勤款待的应答1)Allright,butonlyasmallpiece.好的，不过只要一小块。2)Idon"tfeellikeany,thanks.3)Iamquitefull./I"vehadmorethanenough./I"vehadtoomuchalready./No,thanks.Ijustcouldn"teatanymore./No,thanks.Idon"tdrinkanywine./No,thanks.I"mgettingfull.★Payingthebill付帐1)CanIhavethebill,please?请把帐单给我好吗？2)Givemethebill,please.请把帐单给我。3)It"smytreatthistime.I"llpay.今天我请客，我来付帐。4)Letmepaythistime.Youcanpaynexttime.5)Let"sgoDutchthistime.这次我们各付各的。6)Waiter!Thebill,please.服务员，结帐。注意要点Helpyourselftosome…I’mfull，thankyou.Justalittleplease.Yes,I’dlikeadrink.Yes，sir？难点:“Yes，sir？’’是应答语,用于应答呼唤或表示在关注倾听对方,不必作出回答,可译作语气词”哎’’而“What?’’则表对方介绍一种情况,说话者觉得难已置信,希望对方重复部分内容,译作”啥’’. 十七、购物基本用语1.WhatcanIdoforyou?2.May/CanIhelpyou?3.Iwant/I"dlike…4.Howmuchisit?5.That"stooexpensive,I"mafraid.6.Howmany/muchdoyouwant?7.Whatcolour/size/kinddoyouwant?8.Whatcolourdoyouprefer,blackorblue?9.WouldyoumindifItrythisoneon?10.Howmuchisitworth?/Howmuchdoyoucharge?Howmuchdoyouaskforit?/HowmuchshallIpayforit?OK.I"lltakeit.(好.我买)（三）交际用语中容易混淆的词语1It’sa/mypleasure.“这是我的荣幸/不客气”，用于别人对你表示感谢时的回答。(=Mypleasure.)Withpleasure.“我很乐意（帮你）”。表示同意对方的请求,并且自己将付出行动。2Helpyourself.“自便!/自己来吧”。表示同意对方的请求,让对方行动。Yes,please.“请!”表示允许对方做请求之事.Goahead.“请…”。表示同意并鼓励对方去做请求之事.Goon.“继续(在进行做或谈论的事)!”Comeon!“来!”“加油”----鼓励对方来参与某事.Hurryup.“赶紧;快点!”----催促对方快点行动.3Goodluck.“祝你好运”，是当对方参加某项活动，如考试、比赛时，向对方表的祝福语。Congratulations!当对方做某事取得了成功或结婚、生子、晋升等时候的用语.Havefun!“玩得开心点！”表示允许对方去“吃喝玩乐”。Bestwishes,一般用于信的结尾处表示对对方的祝愿。(注:当对方出外旅行时常说Good/Nicetriptoyou!“祝你旅途愉快”)4What’s(going)on?“怎么了?这里发生什么事了?”/“有什么节目?上演什么电影?”（询问情况）。What’sfor?表目的和用途,一般翻译成“为了什么？用来做什么;干嘛?”why:表原因,一般都要用because来回答.What’sup?“怎么了?”“有什么事吗?”What"sup?口语中使用广泛，如有人叫住你或登门访问，而你不明白对方的来意时就可以说“what"sup?”（有什么事？有何贵干？）年轻人也常用“what"sup?”来打招呼。比如，Olli碰到一个朋友说“Hey,Olli!”Olli则回答“Hi!Jason,What"sup?”表示“你最近怎么样啊/有什么事吗？”Whatif…“=Whatwillorwouldhappenif...？如果(假如)...将会怎么样？”Sowhat?“那又怎么样的?”(表示出“无所谓”的样子)Whatis...like?“情况怎样”，多指天气或气候。”/“像什么样，什么模样，怎样的”指人或物。”Howis...like?就某人、某地和某物的外观询问对方的看法,可以用来询问变化的事物，如暂时的情况，情绪等,还常用来问候别人的健康。What...looklike?“…外表如何?”(问外表长相.)Ofwhat?“怎么啦?怎么回事?”Howcome?“怎么回事？怎么搞的？为什么？怎么会这样？” 通常用在你觉得奇怪而问为什么的时候。当你不愿回答别人的某个问题时也可说“Howcome？”意思是“Whydoyouaskthat?It"snoneofyourbusiness”。Whynot?“干吗不？/为什么不呢?”,表示同意对方的建议.(注:Goodidea:用于赞同别人的计划或主意.)Whatisitabout?这是关于什么的？（问内容）5Nevermind.“没有关系,不要记在心上”。用于接答歉意.但用Nevermind.作答时有时可表达说话人多少有点不高兴或无可奈何的意味。Notatall.1.用于回答感谢，意为“不用谢；不客气”。2.用于回答带有感谢性质的客套话。意为“没什么；哪里哪里”。如：A：Youareverykind.你真好。B：Notatall.没什么。3.用于回答道歉，意为“没关系”。4.用来表示否定(是No的加强说法)，意为“一点也不：完全不”。如：A：Areyoubusy?你忙吗?B：Notata11．一点不忙。Forgetit!a.“不必在意”“算了吧，忘了吧”用来接受别人做错事的道歉b.“算了吧，想都别想.”用来拒绝对方你认为不合理的请求、建议等。6Allright.用于赞同对方的意见、建议或邀请，译为“好”、“行”，“可以”。也可用于对别人的安慰，表示“没关系”、“不要紧”等意思That’sallright.1.对别人致谢的回答，“不用谢；别客气”。=That"sOK./Notatall./You"rewelcome等.2.对别人致歉时的回答，“没关系；不介意”，=Itdoesn"tmatter.或Nevermind.3.在海关、哨卡等场所，检验人员对出入人员的证件和包裹检查后，发现无可疑情况，常说That"sallright,其含义是“可以；没有问题”。That’sright.“正确；对”，用于表示对某一事物的肯定，即同意对方的观点或意见。在口语中，可直接用right作答。Takeiteasy.“慢点、放松些、沉住气,别紧张,慢慢来.”表示安慰对方“不要过度紧张”。Takeyourtime.“别着急，慢慢来”，表示允许对方“慢慢做,不用着急啊”。7It’suptoyou.“你抓主意!你决定!你说了算!”It(all)depends.“这要看情况而定”8Badluck!“真倒霉！真不走运！”用来同情或安慰对方。Whatapity!“真遗憾！多可惜！”用来感慨“伤心遗憾的往事，或面对眼前可望而不可及的事情”。I’msorrytohearthat.“听到这消息，我很难过。”用来同情或安慰对方说话者。Really?/Isthatso?“真的吗?是吗?”只是用来表示惊奇的情感色彩,并无安慰对方的意思。表示惊奇的还有：9Thankyou.感谢可用于得到别人的帮助、受到别人的赞赏、接受别人的礼物和祝愿以及谢绝别人的好意等多种场合。I’mgladyoulikeit.用来回答“送礼后对方表示的感谢,或吃饭后客人表示的感谢.”I’mgladtohearthat.“听到这消息我很高兴。”用来向对方谈到的喜事表示祝贺.10Doyoureallymeanit?“此话当真?”Ican’tbelieveit.“难以置信”；Ibelievenot.“我相信不是/不会…”Believeitornot.“信不信由你”11Ofcoursenot.“当然不…”Iwouldrathernot“我宁愿不…”12That’ssomething.“太好了，太棒了”，表“ 当你的朋友在某方面取得成功或成就时，向他表祝贺”；That’sthecase.“情况就是这样”.相当于Exactly:“正是如此”.13Mindyourownbusiness!“别管闲事!”(用来警告对方)It’snoneofyourbusiness.“不关你事!”14I’measy.“随便!”15Don’tmentionit.用来答感谢和道歉：—Thankyouverymuch．—Don"tmentionit.别客气。I"msorrytohavetroubledyou.—Don"tmentionit没关系.=Thinknothingofit)（四）情景交际注意点（2）忌上词下用上词下用指的是答句部分延用了题干句子的重点词、信息词，按表层意思似乎合情合理，但往往为错误的“虚像”，需经进一步分析后才能确定正确选项。—IwonderifIcoulduseyourtelephone.—________.（1996　上海27）A.IwonderhowB.Idon’twonderC.Sorry,it’soutoforderD.Nowonder,hereitis2.忌中文思维掌握英汉两种语言和文化之间的相同和相异之处，对于准确解题至关重要。我们解题失误之一是按汉语的表达方式和结构去套英语，去选答案.—Doyouthinkit’sgoingtorainovertheweekend?—_______________．A.Idon’tbelieveB.Idon’tbelieveitC.IbelievenotsoD.Ibelievenot3.忌直接回绝这主要是指在对方要求得到帮助，提出请求或邀请时，回答过于直接，不够委婉，尽管从语义角度分析是没毛病的，但不符合英语国家的交际习惯。应该要注重礼貌和合作优先原则在作否定回答时，为了表示礼貌和委婉，通常要用一些委婉词，如but,I’mafraid,I’msorry,thanks,please,hadbetter等4.忌答非所问a.要掌握常用的功能意念会话项目，特别是一些口语式的固定搭配；b.二、要理解对话交际场合和交际意图，理出答题思路5.要弄清言语含义1）Doyouthinkourbasketballersplayedverywellyesterday?—_________.A.TheywerenotnervousatallB.TheywerestillyoungC.TheyplayednaturallyD.Theycouldn’thavedonebetter2）IthinkyoushouldphoneJennyandsaysorrytoher.—______.Itwasherfault.A.NowayB.NotpossibleC.NochanceD.Notatall（五）分类考点讲解考点1习惯应答类许多情景对话中使用的是英美人的习惯用语。问候、告别、打电话、问路、看病、购物等常见的交际话题均有其较为固定的套语；感谢、道歉、祝愿、请求亦有其固定的应答用语。对于这类题目，我们要遵循他们的习惯进行回答。如：1．常用于感谢的应答用语有：Youarewelcome．/Don’tmentionit．/Itismypleasure(My pleasure)．/Notata11．/That’sallright．/I’mglad(happy)that…/I’mgladyoulike(enjoy)it．2．常用于道歉的应答用语有：Nevermind．/Itdoesn’tmatter．/Notata11．/That’sallright．/Thatisnothing．3．常见的祝愿和祝贺用语有：Goodluck!/Bestwishestoyou．/Haveanicetime．/Wishyouapleasantjourney．/Congratulations!/MerryChristmas!/Happybirthdaytoyou．而应答用语有：Thankyou．/Thesametoyou．/Youtoo．4．接受请求和邀请的应答用语有：Withpleasure．/I’dbehappy(glad)to．/Yes，helpyourself．/Noproblem．/Goodidea/Soundsgood/Whynot?拒绝请求和邀请的应答用语有：Sorry，but…/I’dratheryou…/Thankyou，but…/Noway!/Forgetit。5．其他场景习惯应答用语考生也应注意。问候的应答用语有：Howdoyoudo．/Fine，thankyou．介绍的应答用语有：Veryglad(pleased)toseeyou．接电话的习惯用语有：ThisisLiMingspeaking．道别的习惯用语有：Bye．/Solong．/Seeyoulater．服务人员的应答用语有：Yes，Sir．/Yes，Madame．/Takeyourtime．考点2破交际定势类汉语和英语在交际文化方面有许多共同之处，但也存在诸多差异。这些差异往往是考查的重中之重。我们要力求用英语思维，避免母语交际定势的干扰，要根据英语的文化交际习惯来应答。如：当中国人听到对方夸奖或赞美自己时，习惯上要说些表示谦虚的话；而英美人则不同，他们总是先接受对方的夸奖，再表示谢意。如：一You’vegivenusawonderfulChinesedinner，Mrs．Wang．王太太，您给我们提供了一顿极好的中式晚餐。I’mgladyouenjoyedit．我很高兴你们喜欢。典例：——Thankyouverymuchforthegiftsyousentme.——_________.11.NothanksB.I’mgladyoulikeitC.Pleasedon’tsaysoD.No,it’snotsogood解析：答案为B。本题所提供的情景是一方收到对方送的礼物之后表示感谢，四个选项中只有I"mgladyoulikeit符合西方人表达的习惯。而A、C、D三个选项均带有明显的汉语思维痕迹，极易产生干扰。考点3语言结构类这类题要求考生根据对话情景和所掌握的正确语言结构来做出选择。以习惯用法和变异句(如省略句)居多。如当说话人对刚刚提出的说法或意见持肯定态度时，可以说：Yes，Ithink(suppose，believe)SO．/Yes，I’m"afraidSO．对刚刚提出的说法或意见持否定态度，则说：No，Idon’tthink(suppose)so．/No，Idon’tbelieveso．/No，Ibelieve(suppose)not．/No，Ihopenot．/No，Iamafraidnot．“Doyoumind…?”常用于表示请求对方允许。如果同意，则用“No，goahead．/No，ofcoursenot．/No，notata11．”等来回答；如果不同意，可用“I’msorryIdo．”来回答。考点4情景用语类根据不同的交际情景，说话者会采用不同的交际用语来表达自己的态度和情感。如表示不肯定或没把握，人们会说：Iamafraidthat…/Itdepends．表示不耐烦和催促的用语有：Well，well．/Comeon．/Hurryup!表示惊奇和有把握的用语有：Nowonder…/Nodoubt…如：一Whatdoyouwanttodonext?Wehavehalfanhouruntilthebasketballgame．接下来你准备做什么?在篮球赛之前我们还有半小时。一It’suptoyou．Whateveryouwanttodoisfinewithme．这取决于你。你想做什么我都同意。 （六）分词讲解A．回答感激/致歉回答thankyou回答thankyou和sorry回答sorry1.It"sapleasure.2.Youarewelcome.3.Mypleasure.4.Don’tmentionitNotatall.That‘sallright.That’sOK.It‘snothing.Forgetit.Noproblem.1.Itdoesn‘tmatter.2.Nevermind.B.Nevermind意为“没关系”､“不要紧”,常应用于下列场合:1)回答对方的致歉　—I’msorry.Icameinahurryandforgottobringfood.—Nevermind.Youcanhaveours.2)回答对方的求助｡　—Sorrytotroubleyou.—Nevermind.WhatcanIdoforyou?3)安慰对方｡　—Didyouwatchthebaseballmatchyesterday?—No,Imissedit.BythetimeIgotthere,ithadalreadyfinished.—Nevermind.Itwasaboringmatch.4）用来谢绝别人的提供，意为：不用啦；别费事啦。—CanIhelpyouwithit?要我帮你做这事吗?—Nevermind.别费心啦。C.don’tmentionit1.用来回答感谢或类似于感谢的句子，意为：不用谢；不客气；不要这样说；哪里哪里。A：Thankyouverymuch.B：Don’tmentionit.A：Thefilmwaswonderful.Thankyouforinvitingme.B：Don’tmentionit.I’mgladyouenjoyedit.2.用来回答道歉，意为：没关系。A：IapologizeforwhatIsaid.B：Don’tmentionit.D.Forget(about)it1.用来回答感谢，意为：算不了什么，不用谢了。A：Thanksalot.B：Forgetit.2.用来回答道歉，意为：没关系A：I’msorryforwhatIsaid.B：Forgetit!Idon’trememberanyway.3.表示不想提及或无关紧要，意为：忘了它吧；别提了；别放在心上A：HowmuchdoIoweyou?B：Forgetit.4.表示不愿重复说过的话，意为：没什么；别提了。A：Sorry,whatdidyousay?B：Oh，forgetit.5.表示否定，意为：不行；休想；不可能；别抱什么希望。A：I’lltakethesmalltruck.B：Andleavemetodrivetheotherone?Forgetit.E.notreally1.表示轻微的否定，意为“不很”。A：Doyouwanttocomealong?B：Notreally.2.表示怀疑或不相信，意为“不会吧”“不见得”“不会是真的吧”A：Theygotmarriedlastmonth.B：Notreally. 3.表示语气很强的否定，意为“真的没有”“的确没有”。A：DidyouwatchthenewsonTVlastnight?B：Notreally.F.comeon(1)用来表示请求、鼓励、劝说等，意为：来吧；行啦。Comeon,Bill,youcantellme,Iwon’ttellanybody.(2)用来催促别人快走(做)，意为：快点。Comeon,it’sgettingdark.Comeon,Mr.Wangiswaiting.(3)表示责备或不耐烦，意为：得啦；行啦；够啦。Comeon,don’tsittheredreaming.Oh,Jane,comeon,forgoodness’sake.(4)用于挑战或激怒对方，意为：来吧；好吧；试试吧。Comeon!I’mnotafraidofyou.(5)用于体育竞赛等场合鼓励队员，意为：加油。“Comeon!Comeon!”shoutedtheaudienceagainandagain.（七）语特殊答语1.Noway.没门，决不可能Noproblem.（回答请求）没问题Nocomment.无可奉告Nowonder.难怪2.Forgetit忘掉它吧，算了吧Gotit.懂了，知道了Imeanit.我是认真的That’sit.正是这样，这才是要点3.Withpleasure.非常愿意(It’s)mypleasure.不用谢4.Notlikely!不可能；不行Notintheleast.一点也不Farfromit.一点也不Notreally.不全是，不很；不会吧Notexactly!不很；不完全如此5.Comeon.催促，鼓励；算了吧，得了吧6.Whynot?好哇，干嘛不（同意建议）Helpyourself.随便吃，自己拿，取7.Howcome?怎么会呢？（惊讶）Sowhat?那又怎样？Whatfor?为了什么Whatif?如果。。。将会怎样？8.It’sadeal.成交It’sabargain.便宜货Let’sgoDutch.AA制It’smytreat.我请客9.Ican’tagreemore.完全同意Itdepends.看情况，视…而定(It’s)uptoyou.由你决定Absolutely.完全可以Byallmeans.尽一切可能Goahead.开始吧，请吧10.Takeiteasy.别急，别烦恼Takeyourtime.慢慢来11.It’snothing./Thinknothingofit.没什么（回答感谢）12.Nevermind.不要紧，没关系；不用担心Itdoesn’tmatter.没关系，不生气，不介意13.Metoo.我也是Meneither.我也不是14.It’sapieceofcake.小菜一碟15.Cheerup.振作些16.Cheers./Drinktoone’shealth.（为健康）干杯17.Betterplayitsafe慎重，别冒险18.Youcan’tbeserious!Areyoukidding?开玩笑19.Pardonme.对不起20.Justincase.以防万一21.Yes?我在这儿，有什么事？A:Waiter!B:Yes,sir?真的吗？是吗？（继续）说呀! A:Justthenaheavyrainpoureddown.正在那时，忽然大雨倾盆。B:Yes?是吗？（后来怎样了呢？）对不对？是不是？好不好？如：Let’sgooutforawalk,Yes?出去散步好不好？22.Sofarsogood.目前为止，一切都好23.That’snotlikehim.那不像是他的风格24.It’sbetterthannothing.总比什么都没有好25.Goodluck.祝你好运Justmyluck.真倒霉，真不走运26.Youbet!当然27.Dropmealine.写信给我28.I’llkeepmyearsopen.我会留意的29.You’retheboss.听你的30.IfIwereinyourshoes.处在某人的位置；如果我是你的话