观庙高中英语语法学案五 动词的时态和语态 18页

Painpastispleasure.(过去的痛苦就是快乐。)观庙高中英语语法学案五动词的时态和语态Guolei2013-9-11【考点透视】动词的时态和语态是历年高考的重点，而且测试的难度也在逐年加大。在单项填空题中，每年考查动词时态的题不少于两道，动词的语态常和时态放在一起考查。高考命题者常从三个角度进行命题：一是直接给定时间状语。考生能直接根据所给时间状语作出选择；二是给定时间状语，但所给时间状语有着较强的干扰性和迷惑性，考生不能直接根据时间状语作出选择；三是题干中不提供任何时间状语，而给出一个上下文情景或一个结构较为复杂的句子，考生必须仔细分析语境，才能作出正确判断。教学目标：了解几种常考时态的基本用法，并能够在真实的情景中灵活使用各种时态进行日常交际。教学重点：一般过去时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、过去完成时、一般将来时、将来完成时的基本用法。教学难点：1.搞清楚几组动词时态的区别：过去进行时和一般过去时时，一般过去时和过去完成时，现在完成时的区别。2.各种时态以及含情态动词的被动形式和应用。动词的时态和语态动词的时态在主动语态中，高中英语中常见的有12种时态。各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式见下表：一般进行完成完成进行现在过去将来/一.一般现在时：1.表示现在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态：Everyevening,aftersupper,hesitsdownwithacupofcoffeebeforethetelevision.Eachpersonneedswaterandadietofhealthyfood.2.表示真理，事实或自然规律：Theearthmovesroundthesunin365days.Themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.3.表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belongseem等。如：Iknowwhatyoumean.Smithownsacarandahouse.4.表示按规定、计划、安排或时间表将要发生的情况：come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等Whendoesthetrainleave?ThetimeformLiverpoolarrivesat11:15.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时18 表示将来的概念。引起时间状语从句的连词有：when,after,before,until,assoonas；引起条件状语从句的连词有：if,unless;so(as)longas。Iwillnotstopmyfightagainstslaveryuntilallslavesarefree.但要注意由if引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。Ifyouwillacceptmyinvitationandcometoourparty,myfamilywillbepleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。二.现在进行时：1.表示说话时正在进行的动作：Tom,I’mspeakingtoyou.Areyoulistening?2.表示目前这个阶段正在进行着的动作：Thepopulationoftheworldisincreasingrapidly.3.表示说话人厌恶、批评，不喜欢等感情色彩，常与always，constantly,forever等连用：Sheisalwaysleavingthingsabout.Theyalsohavebadteeth,becauseofthesugarwhichtheyarealwayseating.4.表示近期即将发生的动作：TheyareleavingforTibetnextMonday.注：状态性动词不用进行时态(1)be和have或者含有be和have意义的动词。(2)feel,sound,smell,taste等连系动词。(3)hear,see,find等表示结果的动词。(4)like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need等表示心理或情感状态的动词。注：进行时态的两种概念现在进行时和过去进行时都具有两种不同的时间概念：瞬间概念和阶段概念。①现在进行时的瞬间概念就是“说话的时候”。表示瞬间概念时，现在进行时的时态特点是，动作已经开始，正在过程中，但尚未结束。Ourcountryisgettingstrongerandstronger.I’mgettingonwellwithmyEnglish.过去进行时的瞬间概念通常用表示“点时间”的时间状语表达出来。Iwasdoingmyhomeworkthistimeyesterday.MotherwascookingwhenIcamehome.②阶段概念的时间状语是“段时间”，表示在一段时间内一直在做的动作，至于动作是否结束则不是说话者所关心的。Heiswritinganewnovelthesedays.（没有干其他的事情）Theworkerswerebuildingabridgelastyear.三.现在完成时：1.表示过去开始持续到现在的状况或完成的动作，通常与yet,already,bythistime,just,ever,never,now,before, severaltimes,since,uptonow,sofar,recently,lately,foralongtime,inthelast/pastfewyears等连用：Ithasrainedeverydaysofarthismonth.Mr.BallhasjustcalledonMrs.Zhutogiveheramessage.2.表示已有的经历，往往强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：Whohastakenmycamera?Iputithereamomentago.3.在时间、条件状语从句中代替将来完成时：18 Don’tgooutuntilyouhavewashedyourclothes.PleasegivethebooktoLilyifyouhavefinishedreadingit.4.下列句型中常用现在完成时Itis(hasbeen)+一段时间+since从句This(That/It)isthefirst(second…)timethat+完成时This(That/It)istheonly…+that+完成时This(that/It)isthebest/finest/mostinteresting…+that从句+完成时四.现在完成进行时：表示由过去开始，延续到现在并且可能还会继续进行的动作。一般可以翻译成“一直。。。”，常与thewholeday,allmorning或for和since连用：Peoplehavebeentalkingofitalotrecently.Pippa’sparentshavebeenwaitingforthem.Thesoldiershavebeenstrugglingagainsttheflooddayandnightforaweek.五.一般过去时：1.表示在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday,lastyear,lastnight,theotherday,justnow,then,ago,in1989,atthattime等连用：Whenandwheredidyoushootthatbear?TheinterviewwentwellandItoldthecompanyaboutmyexperiencesandansweredtheirquestionsashonestlyasIcould.2.表示过去的习惯性动作、过去反复发生的事：Inthosedayshetookhiswifeandchildrentothecinemaatleastonceaweek.3.句中没有时间状语时，可依据上下文进行推测：—Haven’tyougraduatedfromcollege?—Yes,IstudiedFrenchfortwoyears.4.表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but,and,when,assoonas,immediately,themoment,theminute。Themomentshecamein,shetoldmewhathadhappenedtoher.Heboughtawatchbutlostit.▲常用一般过去时的句型：Whydidn’tyou/Ithinkofthat?Ididn’tnoticeit.IforgottotellyouIhadbeentherewithmybrotherbefore.Ididn’trecognizehim.六．过去进行时：1.表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生：ShewasflyingtoParisthistimelastMonday.2.表示过去某个动作正在进行时，另一个动作（突然）发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中：Wewereplayingfootballwhenitbegantorain.当我们正在踢球的时候，突然下起了雨。七.过去完成时：1.表示在过去某一活动以前已经完成了的动作。简单地说，过去完成时所表示的时间就是“过去的过去”，常与for,since,already,after,never,before,bythetime等连用：Theperformancehadstartedbeforewefoundourseats.Shehadtypedallthelettersbythetimeherbossarrivedattheoffice.2.表示动作或某事继续到过去某时已有一段时间：Hehadbeenillforaweekwhenhewassenttothehospital.Bytheendoflastyear,shehadtaughtinthisschoolfor30years.18 3.表示过去未实现的希望或计划，常与hope,expect,suppose,mean,think,want等连用：Shehadthoughtofpayingusavisit,butthebadweathermadeherchangeherplans.▲“时间名词+before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词+ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。如：Hesaidhisfirstteacherhaddiedatleast10yearsbefore.XiaoHualeftschool3yearsago.▲表示“一……就”的几个句型：Hardly/Nosooner/Scarcelyhad+主语+过去分词+when/than/before+一般过去时。如：Wehadnosoonerbeenseatedthanthebusstarted.=Nosoonerhadwebeenseatedthanthebusstarted.八．过去完成进行时：表示从过去某时起持续到过去另一时间的动作，可能刚刚终止，也可能继续下去。与现在完成进行时用法相似，只是以过去时间为着眼点。HehadbeenworkingthereforthreeyearsbeforehemovedtoLondon.九．过去将来时：表示过去某个时候将要发生的事或计划、打算要做的事。Hetoldmethathisfatherwasinhospitalandthathewouldgotoseehimafterwork.Theyexplainedthattheywouldbuildadamtocontrolflood.十．一般将来时：1.表示预见或说话人说话的时刻才考虑到的，还可以表示客观规律必然发生的事情：TherewillbeanewmovieshownattheGlobeCinematonight.GothroughthegateandyouwillfindtheentrancetoBearCountryontheotherside.Let’sgotogetherthen.Iwillmeetyouatthetheatreatsix-thirty.注：如果不是表示将来的时间，而是表示“意愿、坚持、推论”等，will也可用于条件句。IfyouwilllearnEnglish,I’llhelpyou.你若愿意学习英语，我将帮助你。Ifyouwillkindlywaitamoment,I’llaskhimtogotherewithyou.你若耐心等一会的话，我将叫他和你一起去那儿。如果条件从句表示将来发生的动作或状态，主句中常用will，从句用一般现在时表示。IfyougotoEngland,youwilllikethefoodthere.2.begoingtodo表示按照计划，打算或安排要做的事，主语是人；表示已经有迹象将要发生的事，主语是物：I’mgoingtostayhereuntiltomorrownight.Lookattheseblackclouds.—It’sgoingtorain.I’mafraidI’mgoingtohaveabadcold.注：一般来说，“意图”是事先经过考虑的，用begoingto表示；反之则用will。will还多用于对话中，即一方听了对方的话后所作出的反应。A.They’regoingtomeetattheschoolgate.B.——Pleasebringmeacupoftea.     ——I’lldoitinaminute.3.be动词和come,leave,reach,return,go,startout,meet,open,die,arrive等瞬间动作表示“来去”“出发”“到达”等的词语和表示未来的时间副词连用，表示近期将发生的动作：—Whenwilltheyleave?—Theyareleavingverysoon.AuntLucyisreturninghomefromNewZealandnextweek.Isanybodyseeingyouoff?4.beaboutto表示马上发生，“就要”，“即将”，不能和atonce,immediately和具体时间的词语连用，常用于beabouttodo…,when…：18 Theplaneisabouttotakeoffwhenthepolicereceivedaphonecall,sayingthatabombmighthavebeenplantedonit.5.betodo表示按照计划或安排将要发生的动作，或表示职责、意图、约定、可能性等，还可以表示转述第三者的话，与第二人称连用：Youaretobebackby11o’clock.Wearetomeetatthezoo.—Ishestudyingforanexamination?—Yes,he’stotakeitnextweek.十一．将来进行时：1.表示将来某一时刻进行的动作或某一时段内持续的动作：Daniel’sfamilywillbeenjoyingtheirholidayinHuangshanthistimenextweek.2.表示现在进行的动作，但这个动作会持续到将来：Paulisstillinthelab.Ithinkthathewillbedoingtheexperimentuntiltomorrowmorning.3.表示将来自然而然会发生的事，而非安排：TheweatherreportsaysthatitwillbesnowingwhenwearriveinWuxiCitytomorrowafternoon.4.表示委婉地或有礼貌地询问，请求对方或别人计划要做的事：Willyoubeplayingbasketballthisweekend?Ifyouwill,couldIjoinyou?十二．将来完成时：1.表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，往往对将来某一时间产生影响，经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用，也可与before或bythetime引导的现在时的从句连用：BythetimeyougethomeIwillhavecleanedthehousefromtoptobottom.Weshallhavelearned12unitsbytheendofthisterm.Bythetimehegraduatesfromthecollege,hewillhavelearnedthreeforeignlanguages.2.表示推测，相当于musthavedone：Youwillhaveheardofthis,Iguess.Iamsurehewillhavegottheinformation.【相关知识及运用】1.一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时的区别：上述三个时态在使用中容易混淆是因为他们有相近的地方，这个相近之处就是“过去”。现在完成时和过去完成时的概念都同“过去”有关，彼此之间的混淆便由此产生。只有抓住他们的不同，才能熟练地将这三种时态区别开。①一般过去时只用以陈述过去发生过的事情。InapoordistrictinParis,intheyear1775,therewasawineshop,theownerofwhichwasMonsieurDefarge.向读者陈述1775年所发生的故事的地点、人物等有关信息。②现在完成时表达的动作虽然发生在过去，但说话时要强调的是这个过去的动作与现在有关系，语意的重心着眼于现在。这种过去的动作同现在的联系有两种情况：a)过去的动作对现在仍具有影响。----Wouldyougotoseethefilmwithmethisevening?----Sorry,Ihaveseenitbefore.haveseenthefilm的动作肯定发生在过去，对现在的影响是“我不想和你去看了”。b)过去的动作延续到现在。表示这种延续时经常会用到for、since一类时间状语。IhaveworkedinBeijingsinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.(从毕业一直延续到现在)18 WehavelivedinBeijingforabout20years.(20年前发生的“live”，一直延续到现在)③过去完成时必须有一个过去的动作作为参照点，由此发生了同一般过去时混淆的问题。过去完成时是一种相对的时态，它必须有一个过去的动作为参照，比这个过去的参照动作更早的动作才能用过去完成时。如果没有这个过去的参照的动作，就没有过去完成时，即使是一亿年前的动作也是一般过去时。WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadbegun.gottothecinema是过去的动作，hadbegun则发生在gottothecinema之前。注：某些固定句型中的固定时态This/That/Itisthefirsttime+从句（）It’s/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句（）Hardly/Nosoonerhadsb.donewhen/than+从句（）Itwillbe+一段时间+before从句（）Itwas+一段时间+before从句（）It’stime+从句（或）wouldrather+从句（/）2.一般过去时与过去进行时的区别：①过去进行时表示动作的未完成性、持续性，着眼于动作的过程；一般过去时表示动作的完成，即动作发生过，且已结束，着眼于结果。ShewaswritingareportlastnightandIdon’tknowifshehasfinishedit.(表示昨晚一直在写)Shewroteareportlastnight.（表示昨晚写了，并且写好了）过去进行时与always,forever等词连用表示一定的感情色彩。②Hewasalwaysthrowingthingsabout.(表示不满或讨厌)注：时态的呼应在复合句，从句（主要是宾语从句）中的时态，常受主句谓语动词的影响，这就叫做时态的呼应，时态的呼应一般有如下的情况。1.如果主句的谓语动词为现在时态，其从句中的谓语动词应该用什么时态就用什么时态，SheknowsyouhavebeeninBeijingforfiverears.2.如果主句中的谓语动词为过去时态，从句中的谓语动词就要用过去时态，但要注意到下列情况：①如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作与主句中的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，从句中须用一般过去时或过去进行时。Shesaidshewasbusythen.②如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句中须用过去完成时。Ididn’tknowthatshehadbeentoLondontwice.③如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之后，从句须用过去将来时。Theydidn’tknowwhentheywouldhavearest.④如果从句中说明的是一种普遍真理现象，虽然主句的谓语动词为过去时态从句中仍要用一般现在时。WhenIwasalittlechild,myfathertoldmethattheearthisround.⑤如果从句中有表示具体过去时间的状语，虽然其谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句仍用一般过去时；18 但如果该状语表示的时间不具体，则从句仍要用过去完成时。Tomesaidhewasbornin1975.动词的语态语态是表示主语、谓语和宾语之间相互关系的动词形式。在英语中有主动语态和被动语态之分。主动语态所表达的主、谓、宾之间的关系是：主语发出或执行谓语动作，谓语动作的对象或承受者为宾语。即主语同谓语具有语意上的逻辑关系，谓语同宾语具有语意上的逻辑关系。被动语态所表达的关系是：动作的承受者做句子的主语，这时句子的主语和谓语之间具有逻辑上的动宾关系。被动语态的基本形式：助动词/情态动词/be+过去分词口语只也有用get/become+过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）在被动语态中，各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式见下表：一般进行完成现在过去将来（1）使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。Myfriendgavemeaninterestingbookonmybirthday.Aninterestingbookwasgiventome(bymyfriend)onmybirthday.Iwasgivenaninterestingbook(bymyfriend)onmybirthday.②主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。Thebossmadehimworkalldaylong.Hewasmadetoworkalldaylong(bytheboss)③短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。Thechildrenweretakengoodcareof(byher).Yourpronunciationandspellingshouldbepaidattentionto.④情态动词和begoingto、beto、besureto、usedto、haveto、hadbetter等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be+过去分词。⑤当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如：Peoplesayheisasmartboy.Itissaidthatheisasmartboy.Heissaidtobeasmartboy.PeopleknowpaperwasmadeinChinafirst.ItisknownthatpaperwasmadeinChinafirst.PaperwasknowntobemadeinChinafirst.类似句型有：Itissaid/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thoughtthat…（2）不能用被动语态的几种情况。①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中如comeup,runout（用完）,giveout（耗尽）,goout（熄灭）,comeout（出版）,cometolight,belongto,breakout,loseheart,dieout,own,have,possess,happen,occur等。②表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、looklike、consistto等。③表示归属的动词，如have、own、belongto等。④表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。⑤宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。⑥宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。18 ⑦有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。（3）主动形式表被动意义。①当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词与well,smoothly,easily等连用时，说明主语内在的“性能”“特点”，用主动代替被动；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.这种布易洗Thesenovelswon’tsellwell.这些小说不畅销。Mypenwritessmoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。Thedoorwon’tlock.门锁不上。Thefishsmellsgood.鱼闻起来香。②当breakout、takeplace、shutoff、turnoff、workout等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。Theplanworkedoutsuccessfully.Thelampsonthewallturnoff.③want,require,need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。④beworthdoing用主动形式表示被动含义。⑤在“be+形容词（forsb）+todo”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。Thiskindofwaterisn’tfittodrink.Thegirlisn’teasytogetalongwith.另外：betoblame(受谴责)，betorent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。（4）被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。①beseated坐着Heisseatedonabench.（Heseatshimselfonabench.）坐在凳子上。②behidden躲藏Hewashiddenbehindthedoor.(Hehidhimselfbehindthedoor.)他藏在门后。③belost迷路④bedrunk喝醉⑤bedressed穿着Thegirlwasdressedinaredshortskirt.（5）被动语态与系表结构的区别被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如：Thebookwassoldbyacertainbookstore.(被动语态)Thebookiswellsold.(系表结构)动词do的时态、语态形式变化对照表主动语态被动语态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去将来时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时▲动词的时态考点▲考点1.一般现在时与现在进行时Planningsofarahead______nosense—somanythingswillhavechangedbynextyear.(2011·全国新课标卷23)18 A.madeB.ismakingC.makesD.hasmade考点2.现在完成时与一般过去时ItisthemostinstructivelecturethatI______sinceIcametothisschool.(2011·湖南卷30)A.attendedB.hadattendedC.amattendingD.haveattended考点3.过去进行时与一般过去时—Thatmusthavebeenalongtrip.—Yeah,it______usawholeweektogetthere.(2011·北京卷27)A.takesB.hastakenC.tookD.wastaking考点4.过去完成时与一般过去时BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland,hisson______fromcollege.(2011·辽宁卷34)A.graduatedB.hasgraduatedC.hadbeengraduatingD.hadgraduated考点5.现在完成时与现在完成进行时—Youlooksotired,whathaveyoubeendoing?—Wehavebeendiscussingtheproblembutwe______aconclusionyet.A.haven"tdrawnB.havebeendrawingC.didn"tdrawD.weren"tdrawing考点6.一般将来时与将来进行时—Ihearyou______inapub.What"sitlike?—Well,it"sveryhardworkandI"malwaystired,butIdon"tmind.(2011·江苏卷21)A.areworkingB.willworkC.wereworkingD.willbeworking▲动词的语态考点考点1.两种特殊的被动语态1.双宾语动词的被动语态Shewas______thebikefor25dollars，butshewouldn"ttakeit.A.providedB.suppliedC.offeredD.gave英语中有些动词可以有两个宾语，如：give,buy,bring,show,pass,offer,lend,leave,tell,write,sing,teach等，这些动词用于被动结构时，可以将其中任何一个宾语变为主语，而另一个宾语仍保留在谓语后面。如：Heboughtmemanybooks.→Iwasboughtmanybooks.或Manybookswereboughtforme.2.短语动词的被动语态—WhydoesLinglinglooksounhappy?18 —She______byherclassmates.A.haslaughedB.haslaughedatC.hasbeenlaughedD.hasbeenlaughedat短语动词是由“动词+介词”，“动词+名词+介词”等结构构成的动词短语，在被动语态结构中，不能漏掉其后的介词。在“动词＋名词＋介词”这类动词短语的被动结构，“名词＋be＋动词过去分词＋介词”也是高考热点。如：takecareof→carebetakenof;makegooduseof→goodusebemadeof;takeadvantageof→advantagebetakenof。考点2.主动表被动的若干情形—Shallwegofishingtomorrow?—Soundsgreat,butwithsomuchhomework______，Ireallycan"taffordthetime.A.doneB.todoC.beingdoneD.doing考点3.不及物动词和有些及物动词(短语)无被动语态Greatchanges______inthecityandalotoffactories______.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.aretakenplace;aresetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup考点4.作状语的动词被动语态Iftheywinthefinaltonight,theteamaregoingtotouraroundthecity______bytheirenthusiasticsupporters.(2011·浙江卷19)A.beingcheeredB.becheeredC.tobecheeredD.werecheered考点5.作后置定语的动词被动语态TheTownHall______inthe1800"swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.A.completingB.completedC.havingbeencompletedD.tohavebeencompleted考点6.“get/become及其他系动词＋过去分词”表示被动，构成系表结构Theygot______afterreturningfromthebigpartylastweek.A.separateB.separatingC.separatedD.toseparate考点7.形式被动意义表主动的短语一般都由“be＋v.ed＋介词或少量的不定式”组成，如befacedwith(面临)，bedeterminedtodo(下决心干)，becaughtin(遇上),bedevotedto(致力于),beknownfor(因……出名)，belostin(陷于，埋头于)等等。在句中作状语时只需去掉be。______toachievehighgradesinthefinalexamination,hetriedtostudyharderandharder.A.BeingdeterminingB.DeterminedC.TodetermineD.Determine考点8.带复合宾语的动词被动语态结构18 Themissinggirlwaslastseen______underthebigtree.A.readB.toreadC.readingD.tobereading考点9.当句子的谓语为say,believe,report,expect,think,know,consider,suggest等动词时，被动语态有两种形式①谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补，②用it作形式主语，真正主语在后面用主语从句来表示。类似句型有：Itissaid/reported/believed/known/suggested/considered/hoped/thought…that…ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofBoltattheBird"sNest,whowasreported______theworldrecordintherunningraces.A.breakingB.havingbrokenC.tohavebrokenD.tobreak◆高考真题1.【2011全国卷】Planingsofaraheadnosense—somanythingswillhavechangedbynextyear.A.madeB.ismakingC.makesD.hasmade2.【2011全国卷】Iwasn’tsureifhewasreallyinterestedorifhepolite.A.wasjustbeingB.willjustbeC.hadjustbeenD.wouldjustbe3.【2011全国卷】WhenAlicecameto,shedidnotknowhowlongshethere.A.hadbeenlyingB.hasbeenlyingC.waslyingD.haslain4.【2011全国卷II】Ifyoudon"tlikethedrinkyoujustleaveitandtryadifferentone.A.orderedB.areorderingC.willorderD.hadordered5.【2011北京卷】ExperimentsofthiskindinboththeU.S.andEuropewellbeforetheSecondWorldWar.A.haveconductedB.havebeenconductedC.hadconductedD.hadbeenconducted6.【2011北京卷】Tominthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.A.worksB.workedC.hasbeenworkingD.hadbeenworking7.【2011北京卷】——Thatmusthavebeenalongtrip.——Yeah,itusawholeweektogetthere.A.takesB.hastakenC.tookD.wastaking8.【2011北京卷】——BobhasgonetoCalifornia.——Oh,canyoutellmewhenhe?A.hasleftB.leftC.isleavingD.wouldleave9.【2011天津卷】Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilmsallovertheworld.A.haveproducedB.havebeenproducedC.areproducingD.arebeingproduced10.【2011天津卷】Onhernextbirthday,Annmarriedfortwentyyears.A.isB.hasbeenC.willbeD.willhavebeen11.【2011上海春招】I’msureyouwilldobetterinthetestbecauseyousohardthisyear.A.studiedB.hadstudiedC.willstudyD.havebeenstudying12.【2011上海春招】Alotofpeopleoftenforgetthatoralexamstotestourcommunicativeability.A.designB.aredesignedC.aredesigningD.arebeingdesigned13.【2011山东卷】WhenIgotonthebus,IIhadleftmywalletathome.A.wasrealizingB.realizedC.haverealizedD.wouldrealize14.【2011山东卷】Shewassurprisedtofindthefridgeempty;thechildeverything!A.hadbeeneatingB.hadeatenC.haveeatenD.havebeeneating15.【2011江苏卷】——Ihearyouinapub.what’sitlike?——Well,it’sveryhardworkandI’malwaystired,butIdon’tmind.A.areworkingB.willworkC.wereworkingD.willbeworking16.【2011江苏卷】——Tommyisplanningtobuyacar.——Iknow.Bynextmonth,heenoughforausedone.A.savesB.savedC.willsaveD.willhavesaved18 17.【2011福建卷】Lastmonth,theJapanesegovernmentexpressedtheirthanksfortheaidtheyfromChina.A.receiveB.arereceivingC.havereceivedD.hadreceived18.【2011安徽卷】——Ididn’taskforthenamelist.Why______onmydesk? ——Iputittherejustnowincaseyouneededit. A.doesitlandB.hasitlandedC.willitlandD.haditlanded19.【2011浙江卷】Themanagerwasworriedaboutthepressconferencehisassistantinhisplacebut,luckily,everythingwasgoingonsmoothly.A.gaveB.givesC.wasgivingD.hadgiven20.【2011四川卷】Allvisitorstothisvillagewithkindness.A.treatB.aretreatedC.aretreatingD.hadbeentreated21.【2011四川卷】——Whatamistake!——Yes.Ihisdoingitanotherway,butwithoutsuccess.A.wassuggestingB.willsuggestC.wouldsuggestD.hadsuggested22.【2011重庆卷】Thatpieceofmusicsoundsquitefamiliar.Whothepianoupstairs?A.hasplayedB.playedC.playsD.isplaying23.【2011重庆卷】LookattheprideonTom’sface.Hetohavebeenpraisedbythemanagerjustnow.A.seemedB.seemsC.hadseemedD.isseeming24.【2011陕西卷】Hisfirstnovelgoodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.A.receivesB.isreceivingC.willreceiveD.hasreceived25.【2011湖南卷】——John,whatinyourhand?——Look!It’sabirthdaygiftformygrandma.AhadyouheldBareyouholdingCdoyouholdDwillyouhold26.【2011湖南卷】In1492,ColumbusononeoftheBahamaislands,buthemistookitforanislandoffIndia.A.landsB.landedC.haslandedD.hadlanded27.【2011湖南卷】ItisthemostinstructivelecturethatIsinceIcametothisschool.A.attendedB.hadattendedC.amattendingD.haveattended28.【2011湖南卷】Inthenearfuture,moreadvancesintherobottechnologybyscentists.A.aremakingB.aremadeC.willmakeD.willbemade30.【2011辽宁卷】I"llgotothelibraryassoonasIfinishwhatI.A.wasdoingB.amdoingC.havedoneD.hadbeendoing31.【2011辽宁卷】BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland,hissonfromcollege.A.graduatedB.hasgraduatedC.hadbeengraduatingD.hadgraduated32.【2011江西卷】Wearrivedatworkinthemorningandfoundthatsomebodyintotheofficeduringthenight.A.brokeB.hadbrokenC.hasbrokenD.wasbreaking33.【2012全国卷II】–DidyouaskSophiaforhelp?–I___needto–Imanagedperfectlywellonmyown.A.wouldn’tB.don’tC.didn’tD.won’t34.【2012全国卷II】Themanager___theworkershowtoimprovetheprogramsince9a.m.A.hastoldB.istellingC.hasbeentellingD.willhavetold35.【2012安徽】Inordertofindthemissingchild,villagersalltheycanoverthepastfivehours.A.didB.doC.haddoneD.havebeendoing36.【2012安徽】Gracedoesn’twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifshethere,shewouldn’tbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.A.livesB.wouldliveC.havingaskedD.weretolive18 37.【2012安徽】Walmart,whichisoneofthelargestAmericansupermarketchains,someofitsstoreopen24hoursonMondaysthroughSaturdays.A.keepsB.keepC.havekeptD.hadkept38.【2012安徽】Afterschoolwewenttothereading-roomtodosomereading,onlytobetoldthatit.A.wasdecoratedB.haddecoratedC.hadbeendecoratingD.wasbeingdecorated39.【2012重庆】-Kevin,youlookworried.Anythingwrong?-Well,I____atestandI’mwaitingfortheresult.A.willtakeB.tookC.hadtakenD.take40.【2012重庆】Foodsuppliesintheflood-strickenarea______.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere’snoneleft.A.haverunoutB.arerunningoutC.havebeenrunoutD.arebeingrunout41.【2012全国】"Lifeislikewalkinginthesnow",Grannyusedtosay,"becauseeverystep”A.hasshownB.isshowingC.showsD.showed42.【2012全国】Ihadbeenworkingonmathforthewholeafternoonandthenumbers_______beforemyeyes.A.swimB.swumC.swamD.hadswum43.【2012北京】Bythetimeyouhavefinishedthisbook,yourmeal______cold.A.getsB.hasgotC.willgetD.isgetting44.【2012北京】Georgesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthe______.A.wouldn’tB.didn’tC.hasn’tD.hadn’t45.【2012北京】—Haveyouheardaboutthatfireinthemarket?—Yes,fortunatelynoone_____.A.hurtB.washurtC.hashurtD.hadbeenhurt46.【2012北京】Ourfriendship_____quicklyovertheweeksthatfollowed.A.haddevelopedB.wasdevelopingC.woulddevelopD.developed47.【2012北京】Don’thandlethevaseasifit____madeofsteel.A.isB.wereC.hasbeenD.hadbeen48.【2012福建】—Whendidthecomputercrash?--Thismorning,whileI______thereadingmaterialsdownloadedfromsomewebsites.A.havesortedB.wassortingC.amsortingD.hadsorted49.【2012陕西】–CanIcallyoubackattwoo’clockthisafternoon?--I’msorry,butbythenI_____toBeijing.Howaboutfive?A.flyB.willflyC.willbeflyingD.amflying50.【2012山东】AfterJackhadsentsomee-mails,he______workingonhisproject.A.hadstartedB.hasstartedC.startedD.starts51.【2012山东】Themanagerwasconcernedtohearthattwoofhistrustedworkers_____.A.willleaveB.areleavingC.haveleftD.wereleaving18 52.【2012湖南】Don’tworry.Thehardworkthatyoudonow______laterinlife.A.willberepaidB.wasbeingrepaidC.hasbeenrepaidD.wasrepaid53.【2012湖南】Closethedooroffearbehindyou,andyou______thedooroffaithopenbeforeyou.A.sawB.haveseenC.willseeD.areseeing54.【2012湖南】“Themoment_____soon,”hethoughttohimself,waitingnervously.A.cameB.hascomeC.wascomingD.iscoming55.【2012湖南】–Irememberyouwereatalentedpianistatcollege.Canyouplaythepianoforme?--Sorry,I____thepianoforyears.A.don’tplayB.wasn’tplayingC.haven’tplayedD.hadn’tplayed56.【2012天津】Thelettersfortheboss_____onhisdeskbuthedidn’treadthemuntilthreedayslater.A.wereputB.wasputC.putD.hasput57.【2012天津】Thethreeofus________aroundEuropeforaboutamonthlastsummer.A.traveledB.havetraveledC.hadtraveledD.travel58.【2012江西】—Look!Somebody______thesofa.—Well,itwasn’tme.Ididn’tdoit.A.iscleaningB.wascleaningC.hascleanedD.hadcleaned59.【2012辽宁】Ifeelsoexcited!AtthistimetomorrowmorningI_____toShanghai.A.willbeflyingB.willflyC.havebeenflyingD.haveflown60.【【2012辽宁】Mum,IwaswonderingifyoucouldlendmeafewdollarsuntilI____onFriday.A.getpaidB.gotpaidC.havepaidD.hadbeenpaid61.【2012四川】—DidyoucatchwhatIsaid?—Sorry.I______atextmessagejustnow.A.hadansweringB.haveansweredC.wouldanswerD.wasanswering62.【2012四川】Theyarelivingwiththeirparentsforthemomentbecausetheirownhouse____.A.isbeingrebuiltB.hasbeenrebuiltC.isrebuiltD.hasrebuilt63.【2012浙江】Peterhadintendedtotakeajobinbusiness,but_______thatplanaftertheunpleasantexperienceinCanadain2010.A.hadabandonedB.abandonedC.abandonD.willabandon64.【2012浙江】—Alvin,areyoucomingwithus?—I’dloveto,butsomethingunexpected_______.A.hascomeupB.wascomingupC.hadcomeupD.wouldcomeup65.【2012江苏】ThemanagerissaidtohavearrivedbackfromPariswherehe_____someEuropeanbusinesspartners.18 A.wouldmeetB.ismeetingC.meetsD.hadmet66.【2012江苏】Thepresidenthopesthatthepeoplewillbebetteroffwhenhequitsthanwhenhe____.A.hasstartedB.startsC.startedD.willstart67.【安徽卷】I’mcallingabouttheapartmentyou______theotherday.Couldyoutellmemoreaboutit?A.AdvertisedB.hadadvertisedC.areadvertisingD.willadvertise68．【北京卷】Shakespeare’splayHamlet______intoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.A.hadbeenmade.B.wasmadeC.hasbeenmadeD.wouldbemade69.【北京卷】---DoyouthinkMomandDad______late?A.wereB.willbe---No,SwissAirisusuallyontime.C.wouldbeD.havebeen70.【北京卷】Hurryup!MarkandCarl______us.A.expectB.areexpectingC.haveexpectedD.willexpect71.【北京卷】---Sowhatistheprocedure?---Alltheapplicants______beforeafinaldecisionismadebytheauthority.A.interviewB.areinterviewingC.areinterviewedD.arebeinginterviewed72.【福建卷】Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,____toperformattheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo.A.wereinvitedB.wasinvitedC.havebeeninvitedD.hasbeeninvited73.【福建卷】Thegirlhasagreatinterestinsportand____badmintonclassestwiceaweekoverthelastthreeyears.A.tookB.istakingC.takesD.hasbeentaking74.【湖南卷】“Whatdoyouwanttobe？”askedMrs.Crawford.“Oh，I________president，”saidtheboy,withasmile.A．havebeenB．amC．wasD．willbe75.【湖南卷】Aroundtwoo"clockeverynight,Suewillstarttalkinginherdream.Itsomewhat________us.A．bothersB．hadbotheredC．wouldbotherD．bothered76.【湖南卷】Ifnothing________，theoceanswillturnintofishdeserts.A．doesB．hadbeendoneC．willdoD．isdone77.【湖南卷】—Haveyouheardabouttherecentelection?A．wouldbeB．is—Sure,it________theonlythingonthenewsforthelastthreedays.C．hasbeenD．willbe78.【湖南卷】—Idon"tunderstandwhyyoudidn"tgotothelectureyesterdayafternoon.—I"msosorry,ButI________myhomework.18 A．haddoneB．wasdoingC．woulddoD．amdoing79.【江苏卷】Generally,students’innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothers______essentialtotheirdevelopment.A.IsB.areC.wasD.Were80.【江苏卷】—CouldIuseyourcartomorrowmorning?—Sure.I______areportathome.A.willbewritingB.willhavewrittenC.havewrittenD.havebeenwriting81.【江苏卷】“Neverforasecond,”theboysays,“______thatmyfatherwouldcometomyrescue.”A.IdoubtedB.doIdoubtC.IhavedoubtedD.didIdoubt82【江苏卷】—Whataboutyourself-drivetripyesterday?—Tiring!Theroadisbeingwidened,andwe______aroughride.A.hadB.haveC.wouldhaveD.havehad83.【江西卷】I________tovisityoulaterthatday,butIhadtophoneandcancel.A.comeB.cameC.amcomingD.wascoming84.【辽宁卷】Hewasunhappywhenhesoldhisguitar.Afterall,he_____itforaverylongtime.A.hashadB.hadhadC.hasD.had85.【辽宁卷】Atnotime_____therulesofthegame.Itwasunfairtopunishthem.A.theyactuallybrokeB.dotheyactuallybreakC.didtheyactuallybreakD.theyhadactuallybroken86.【辽宁卷】Weareconfidentthattheenvironment______byourfurthereffortstoreducepollution.A.hadbeenimprovedB.willbeimprovedC.isimprovedD.wasimproved87.【山东卷】Ididn’tthinkI’dlikethemovie,butactuallyit_____prettygood.A.hasbeenB.wasC.hadbeenD.would88.【山东卷】---Ohno!We’retoolate.Thetrain_____.----That’sOK.We’llcatchthenexttraintoLondon.A.wasleavingB.hadleftC.hasleftD.hasbeenleaving89.【陕西卷】OnMondaymorningsitusually______meanhourstodrivetoworkalthoughtheactualdistanceisonly20miles.A.takesB.istakingC.tookD.willtake90.【陕西卷】Jim___alatenightfilmathomewhen,rightinthemiddleofathrillingscene,thetelevisionwentblank.A.watchedB.hadwatchedC.waswatchingD.wouldbewatching91.【上海卷】Bobcalledtotellhismotherthathecouldn’tenterthehouse,forhe______hiskey18 atschool.A.hadleftB.wouldleaveC.wasleavingD.hasleft92.【上海卷】Theschoolboardismadeupofparentswho______tomakedecisionsaboutschoolaffairs.A.hadbeenelectedB.hadelectedC.havebeenelectedD.haveelected93.【四川卷】Hurryup,kids!Theschoolbus________forus!A.waitsB.waswaitingC.waitedD.iswaiting94.【天津卷】Thewatersupplyhasbeencutofftemporarilybecausetheworkers______oneofthemainpipes.A.hadrepairedB.haverepairedC.repairedD.arerepairing95.【新课标II卷】We______veryearlysowepackedthenightbefore.A.leaveB.hadleftC.wereleavingD.haveleft96.【新课标I卷】Ifwe_________nowtoprotecttheenvironment,we’lllivetoregretit.A.hadn’tactedB.haven’tactedC.don’tactD.won’tact97.【新课标I卷】WhenIfirstmetBryanIdidn’tlikehim,butI________mymind.A.havechangedB.changeC.hadchangedD.wouldchange98.【浙江卷】Duringthelastthreedecades,thenumberofpeopleparticipatinginphysicalfitnessprograms______sharply.AwasincreasingB.hasincreasedC.hadincreasedD.willbeincreasing99.【重庆卷】IfeltverytiredwhenIgothome,andI______straighttobed.A.goB.wentC.hadgoneD.havegone100.【重庆卷】AMidsummerNight"sDreamattheTheatreRoyalon19thJune,andthentoursthroughoutScotland.A.OpensB.isopenedC.willopenD.willbeopenedHewhogainstimegainsall.18 18