高中英语语法非谓语动词之动词不定式讲解及习题 16页

动词不定式一．动词不定式的时态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式（not）todo(not)tobedoing(not)tohavedone(not)tohavebeendoing动词不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后谓语动词的动作发生时，动词不定式的动作正在发生动词不定式的动作发生在谓语动词动作或特定时间之前动词不定式的动作在谓语动词动作之前，且一直在持续练习：1.I’mveryhappy(hear)thattheGermanteamwonthematch.2.Sheissaid(study)inFrance.据说她正在法国留学。3.Hepretended(sleep)whenhisyoungerbrothercamein.当他弟弟进来时，他假装在睡觉。4.Whenyoucalledmeup,Ihappened(prepare)dinner. 你给我打电话时，我正好在做饭。1.Youarelucky（get）ticketstothefootballmatch.你买到了足球赛门票，真幸运。2.Heappears(wait)hereforalongtime.他似乎在这里等了很久。（仍然在等待）单选1.Weagreedherebutsofarshehasnotturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet2.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsideredthefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented3.Tomhappenedwhentheyspokeillofhim.A.passingbyB.tobepassingbyC.topassingbyD.tohavingpassedby4.Thedoctorwarnedthepatientnottoeatsugar.I’msorrytoldyouaboutit.A.tohavenotB.tonothaveC.nottohaveD.nothaving5.ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiNa,whowassaidamiracleinthetennis. A.makingB.havingmadeC.tohavemadeD.make6.Thepolicearenowsearchingforawomanwhoisreportedtosincetheearthquakehitthearea.A.havebeenmissingB.missC.bemissedD.havemissed二．动词不定式的被动语态一般式完成式tobedonetohavebeendone不定式动作发生在谓语动作之后或同时发生不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前1.Sheasked(send)toworkinTibet.她要求被派到西藏去工作。2.Ingeneral,peopledonotlike(makefunof).一般说来，人们都不喜欢被他人取笑。3.Thebookissaid(translate)intomorethan30languages.据说这本书已被翻译成了30多种语言。4.Thecompanyrequireshim(go)abroadforfurtherstudy.5.Theboyfeltannoyed(interrupt)whenhewasplayinggames. 注意：动词不定式主动形式表示被动意义的常见情形1.名词/代词+be+easy/difficult/fit+动词不定式2.Therebe+名词+todo这周有很多家庭作业要做。3.Sbhave/get/want/need+宾语+todo我有一些椅子要修。4.give/show/buy/lendsbsthtodoHewillshowyouthewaytotake.Pleaselendhimsomebookstoread.5.betoblameforThefirmwastoblamefortheaccident.单选1.Themessageisveryimportant,soitissupposedoutassoonaspossible.A.tobesentB.tosendC.beingsentD.sending2.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.SheappearsEverything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold3.Whenelephantseathugequantitiesofleavesandgrasses,otheranimalshavetroublefindingenoughfood. A.tobeeatenB.eatingC.toeatD.beingeaten4.Inmanypeople’sopinion,theCEOofthecompany,thoughrelativelyyoung,ispleasant.A.todealwithB.dealingwithC.tobedealtwithD.dealtwith5.Thefluisbelievedbyvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.A.causeB.beingcausedC.tobecausedD.tohavecaused6.Itisunclearwhetherfaultydesignorpoorconstructionwasforthecollapseofthebuilding.A.blamingB.blamedC.beingblamedD.toblame三．动词不定式作主语1.Itbe+形容词（difficult/easy/hard/important/impossible/interesting/necessary）+forsb+不定式2.Itbe+形容词(careful/clever/wise/impolite/nice/right/wrong/bad/kind)+ofsb+不定式3.Itbe+名词(pleasure/pity/crime/shame/honour)+不定式4.Ittakes(sb)time+不定式练习： 1.basicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.A.KnownB.HavingknownC.ToknowD.Beingknown2.Accordingtothedoctor,wouldbegoodforyoutohaveaholiday.A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it3.It’sstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisoneasecurityofficer.A.employedB.employingC.toemployD.employs4.takesconfidencetomakeanewstart——there’sadarkperiodin-betweenwhereyou’areneitheronethingnortheother.A.ThatB.ThisC.OneD.It5.Ittookalongtimefortheconnectionbetweenbodytemperatureandillness.A.tomakeB.tobemadeC.makingD.beingmade6.Althoughregularexerciseisveryimportant,it’sneveragoodideatooclosetobedtime.A.toexercisingB.toexerciseC.exercisingD.exercises 四，动词不定式作宾语1.agree/decline(谢绝，婉拒)/refuse/offer/promise/choose/decide/determine/intend（打算）/manage（设法）/expect/wish/tend（趋向，倾向）/mean（打算）/pretend（假装）/afford……+不定式2.动词后接不定式和动名词的区别stoptodostopdoingremembertodorememberdoingforgettodoforgetdoingtrytodotrydoinggoontodogoondoingallowsbtodoallowdoingregrettodoregretdoingmeantodomeandoing3.有些动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语时，意思差别不大，如like/love/begin/start/prefer/continue/hate/intendtodo/doing4.feel/find/make/think/believe/considerit+adj./n.+不定式5.advise/decide/discuss/learn/know/show/tell+疑问词+不定式6.①介词but/except/besides+todo②介词but/except/besides前面有实义动词do及其各种形式时，but/except/besides+do(to省略)Theyoungmanhadnochoicebut(go)abroadforfurtherstudyatthattime. WhatcanMarydobesides(try)tosellherhouse?Heusedtodonothingbut(lie)inbed,listeningtotheradio.Shewantsnothingbut(drink)acupoftea.单选1.Davidthreatenedhisneighbourtothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.A.tobereportedB.reportingC.toreportD.havingreported2.ThecitizensweretoldfirecrakersaftertheSpringFestival.A.notsetoffB.don’tsetoffC.notsettingoffD.nottosetoff3.Inthewest,peoplemakearuletosendChristmaspresentstotheirrelativesandfriends.A.thisB.thatC.itD.one4.Wefeelourdutytomakeourcountryabetterplace.A.itB.thisC.thatD.one5.Thetwogirlsaresoalikethatstrangersfinddifficulttotellonefromtheother.A.itB.themC.herD.that6.Theteacheraskedussomuchnoise.A.don’tmakeB.notmake C.notmakingD.nottomake7.ThechairmanthoughtnecessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.A.thatB.itC.thisD.what五．动词不定式作表语（表示目的和结果）和定语1.系动词+表语系动词：beseem、appear2.动词不定式一般作后置定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。(1)thefirst/thesecond/thelast/thebest/theonlything+不定式（后置定语）（2）Thereisnothingtoworryabout.ThecityIchosetoliveinwasShenzhen.Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.单选1.Myfive-yearplanisintodifferentmarketsandopenupanentitythatfocusessolelyonnonprofitorganisations.A.expandB.toexpandC.tobeexpandingD.tohaveexpanded2.TherearestillmanyproblemsbeforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.A.solvingB.solved C.beingsolvedD.tobesolved3.ThateconimicboomledtoLuandabeingnamedthemostexpensivecityintheworld.A.toliveinB.toliveC.livingD.livingin4.——Thelastonepaysthemeal.——Agreed!A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving六．动词不定式作状语1.动词不定式作目的状语Hedrewamaptoshowushowtogettohishouse.Toaccomplishthetaskontime,wehavetoworkdayandnight.为了加强语气，在动词不定式前面可以加inorder/soasHeranveryquicklysoasto/inordertocatchthelastbus.注意：soasto引出的目的状语不能放在句首；inorderto引出的目的状语既可以放在句首也可以放在句子后部。2.动词不定式作结果状语1.only/never+动词不定式：强调结果和失望的情绪。Theyhurriedtotherailwaystation,onlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.Hewentofftothewar,nevertoreturnalive.2.Sbbe+对人进行表扬或批评的形容词（right/polite/crazy/ geneous/kind/nice/greedy/silly）+动词不定式练习：1.Herushedbacktocollecthiscameraafterthequake,onlythatthebuildinghadcollapsed.A.findingB.havingfoundC.foundD.tofind2.thedifficultmathsproblem,IhaveconsultedProfessorRussellseveraltimes.A.WorkingoutB.WorkedoutC.ToworkoutD.Workout3.——Ihopetotakethecomputercourse.——Goodidea.moreaboutit,visitourwebsite.A.TofindoutB.FindingoutC.TobefindingoutD.Havingfoundout4.Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,onlyitdidn’tfit.A.tofindB.foundC.findingD.havingfound5.Groupactivitieswillbeorganisedafterclassthechildrendeveloptheteamspirit.A.helpingB.havinghelpedC.helpedD.tohelp 6.Whenyouareoutinnature,itisimportanttospeaksoftlyfrightentheanimalsaway.A.sonotastoB.soastonotC.soasnottoD.notsoasto七．动词不定式作补足语1.allow/ask/advise/beg/cause/drive/encourage/expect/forbid/force/get/order/permit/persuade/teach/tell/want/warn/wishsbtodosth2.感官动词（feel/hear/watch/see）、使役动词（let/have/make）sbdosthSbbemadetodosth练习1.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning2.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenherupfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow八．疑问词（who/whom/what/which/when/how/where）+动词不定式注意：why后面不直接加动词不定式练习1.He’salreadyanxiousabouttodoifAmyleavesthe company.A.whatB.whereC.whichD.who2.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhatinmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expect3.——Canyougiveussomeadviceonwhatnext?——Ofcourse.A.doesB.todoC.tobedoneD.doing4.AllIcanthinkaboutistogetthemoneytosavemydaughter’slife.A.whatB.whyC.howDwhich5.There’resomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan’tmakeupmymindtobuy.A.whatB.whichC.howD.where6.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows.A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit高考链接2015高考21._____theearlyflight，weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.A.CatchingB.CaughtC.TocatchD.Catch 2015模拟海淀一模29.Mikewillbecomethefirstpersoninhisfamily______collegeeducation.A.finishedB.havingfinishedC.finishingD.tofinish朝阳一模22.Inordertokeepfit,theoldmanmakesitarule_____forawalkaftersuppereveryday.A.goingB.togoC.goD.gone西城一模26．Mygrannydoescrosswordpuzzleseachday______hermindsharp．A．tokeepB．keptC．havingkeptD．tobekept东城一模33．—Goodnews!There"sasupermarketinthisareanextmonth!—Cool!Itwillbeconvenientforuswhenit"sopenA．buildingB．builtC．havingbuiltD．tobebuilt海淀二模28.—WhydoyouwanttogototheStates?—____,sir.A.Totravel　B.Travelling　C.Travelled　D.Travel西城二模22.Workingasamanager,Rebeccafoundithard______betweenworkandherfamily.A.balancingB.tobalanceC.tohavebalancedD.havingbalanced朝阳二模22._____thetripfromAlaskatoArgentinabybike,GreggandBrooksworkedandsavedmoneyforyears.A.TopayforB.PayingforC.PaidforD.Payfor东城二模23.Sparingnothoughtforherownsafety,shedivedintotheriver______thechild.A.savingB.beingsavedC.tosaveD.tobesaved2016年高三期末海淀区32.Whensomeoneturnsawayhisbody,itmeansimpatienceandadesire____aconversation.A.toescapeB.escapedC.escapingD.havingescaped西城区21.Lizdecidedtohangafewpicturesonthewall_______theroom.A.decoratedB.decoratingC.todecorateD.decorate 书是我们时代的生命——别林斯基　　　　书籍是巨大的力量——列宁　　　　书是人类进步的阶梯———高尔基　　　　书籍是人类知识的总统——莎士比亚　　　　书籍是人类思想的宝库——乌申斯基　　　　书籍——举世之宝——梭罗　　　　好的书籍是最贵重的珍宝——别林斯基　　　　书是唯一不死的东西——丘特　　　　书籍使人们成为宇宙的主人——巴甫连柯　　　　书中横卧着整个过去的灵魂——卡莱尔　　 　　人的影响短暂而微弱，书的影响则广泛而深远——普希金　　　　人离开了书，如同离开空气一样不能生活——科洛廖夫　　　　书不仅是生活，而且是现在、过去和未来文化生活的源泉——库法耶夫　　　　书籍把我们引入最美好的社会，使我们认识各个时代的伟大智者———史美尔斯　　　　书籍便是这种改造灵魂的工具。人类所需要的，是富有启发性的养料。而阅读，则正是这种养料———雨果