高中英语语法通霸2016-定语从句的用法讲解与专项练习题 18页

定语从句的用法讲解与专项练习题及答案第1讲关系词的选择技巧第十二章定语从句考点1.相关概念A.主句、从句、关系词例句：ThisistheboywhowonthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeechCompetition.主句：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。(例句中，Thisistheboy.是主句。)定语从句：相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词（有时修饰整个主句，相当于主句的一个定语。）(例句中，whowonthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeechCompetition是定语从句，修饰theboy。)先行词：先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。(例句中，theboy是先行词。)关系词：关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。(例句中，who是关系代词。)关系词的三个作用i.作定语从句的一个句子成分。ii.起着连接主句和从句的作用（参看P.10Error!Referencesourcenotfound.）。iii.代指被修饰的先行词。（例句中，who作定语从句的主语，同时起着连接作用，在意思上，指代的是前面的先行词theboy。）B.关系代词i.指人时可以用who,也可用that。Doyouknowtheboywho/thatismydeskmate?Themanwho/thatwaskilledintheaccidentisTom’suncle.ii.指物时可以用which,也可用that。Ilikevisitingplaceswhich/thatarenotfaraway.Howdoyoulikethefilmwhich/thatwasshownlastSunday.iii.whose可以指人也可以指物。Hewasapainterwhosepictureswerenotwell-knowninhislifetime.Thetreewhoseleavesareredwasplantedlastyear.iv.关系代词作宾语时可以省略。Ilikethemealthat/which/()wehadlastnight.Doyouknowtheboywho/whom/that/()wetalkedaboutjustnow?注：（）表示关系代词省略C.关系副词关系副词在从句中只能作状语。when指时间，where指地点，why指原因，how不能作关系词。如：①Wewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextweekwhentheweathermaybebetter.②Hehasreachedthepointwhereachangeisneeded.③Thatisnoreasonwhyyoushouldleave.④ThisisthewayhowIdidit.(how不能作关系词)基础过关1.用合适的关系词完成句子。①Theman______/______washereyesterdayisapainter.②Theman______/______/______/______IsawiscalledSmith.③Achild______parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.④I’dlikearoom______windowlooksoutoverthesea.⑤Aletter______/_____iswritteninpencilishardtoread.⑥Theletter______/______/______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.⑦Thatistheboy______/______/______/______youarelookingfor.⑧Doyouknowthereason______hewaslateforthemeeting？⑨Thisistheschool______Iusedtostudy.⑩Istillremembertheday______wemetforthefirsttime.2.用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词。主句：___定语从句:（）先行词：先行词关系词：例：Thisisthebook(thatIhavebeenlookingfor).①Themoviethatwesawlastnightisveryexciting.②Haveyouboughtthebookwhichwetalkedabout？③Istillrememberthedaywhichwespenttogetherlastweek.④Hestilllivesinthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.⑤TheboywhosefatherisapolicemanspeaksEnglishmostfluentlyinourclass.⑥ThegirlwhoyoumetwasJohn’ssister.⑦Thereisnoreasonwhyweshouldn’tbefriends.⑧Theyarrivedintheearlymorningwhentheskywasstilldark.⑨Thedaysweregonewhenwehadtotravelonhorses.⑩Isthisthehospitalwhereyouwereborn?考点2.关系词的选择技巧A.选用哪个关系词，关键是看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分：主句和从句。关系词是定语从句的一个成分。选用关系词，要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是什么词性。①HeworkedinthefactorywhichproducesTVsets.②Heworkedinthefactorywherehisfatherhadworked.③Iliketheschoolwhichisneartomyhome.④Iliketheschoolwheremysisterstudies.在句①和句②中，先行词前都有in,但关系词有用which也有用where的；在句③和句④中，先行词都是theschool, 第十二章定语从句但关系词有用which也有用where的。因此，我们可以看出，对关系词起决定性作用的并不是先行词。在句①和句③中，关系词在定语从句中都是作主语，因此用的都是关系代词which；在句②和句④中，关系词在定语从句中都是作状语，因此都是用关系副词where。我们可以看出，用哪个关系词，主要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。A.选用关系词的方法：一“找”二“还”三“替换”1.找：就是先把句子分为主句和从句两部分，再找出先行词和关系词。（参看本章第1讲）2.还：根据先行词提示的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原为完整的一句话。（可以添词）3.替换：用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分，作主语和宾语用关系代词，作状语用关系副词。（时间状语用when，地点状语用where,原因状语用why）（同初中时做的“对画线部分提问”相似，该用what的时候用which/that即可）例如：①Thisistheschool______Ioncestudied.②Thisistheschool______isthemostfamousinthecity.③Iamstudyingataschool______myfatherteachesEnglish.找：（略）还原：根据先行词的提示，这三句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为：Ioncestudiedattheschool.Theschoolisthemostfamousinthecity.MyfatherteachesEnglishattheschool.粗斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分。替换：根据“对画线部分提问”的规则，1.和3.用where,2.本该用what,在定语从句中该用what的要换为which/that。因此，答案为：1.where；2.that/which；3.whereB.关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首【2009江西】ThehouseIgrewup______hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.A.initB.inC.inthatD.inwhich答案与分析：A没有关系词，不能连接两句话；C介词后不能用that；D关系词一般不位于句末；而B可以看作是关系代词作宾语、放在句首并且省略了。因此选B。利用一“找”二“还”三“替换”的方法选择关系词1.Isthisthereason______heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.thatB.whatC.howD.why2.Isthisthereason______hewassocarelessinhiswork?A.thatB.whatC.howD.why3.Thereason______hedidn’tcomewas______hewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what4.Helivesinavillage______isnotfarfromthecity.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.whose5.Helivesinthevillage______hewasborn.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.whose6.Inanhour,wetraveltoplaces______couldhavetakenourancestorsdaystoreach.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what7.Inanhour,wetraveltoplaces______wecanrelaxandgetrefreshed.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what8.I’llneverforgetthedays______wespenttogether.A.thatB./C.whenD.AandB9.【2014湖南】Iamlookingforwardtotheday______mydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.A.asB.whyC.whenD.where10.Ifwewanttohaveabrightfuture,wemustlearntoactinways______donotdoharmtootherlivingthings.A.inwhichB./C.howD.that11.Isthisthefactory______colorTVsetsareproduced?A.whenB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhich12.Isthisfactory______colorTVsetsareproduced?A.whichB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhich13.Thisisthefactory______producescolorTVsets.A.whereB.theonewhereC.thatD.inwhich14.【2010天津】—CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?—Youshouldtrythebarber’s______Igo.It’sonly15.A.asB.whichC.whereD.that15.【2011陕西】Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,______weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that16.【2011福建】Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents______allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who17.【2012江西】By16:30,______wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.A.whichB.whenC.whatD.that18.【2013山东】Finallyhereachedalonelyisland______wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whomI.单句改错1.【2010重庆】Firstly,afriendissomeoneyoucanshareyoursecrets.2.【2010重庆】Afterhearingyoursadstories,hewillsaysomewordsthatisniceandwarm.3.【2006江西】Ireadyoure-mailtomyparentsandshowedthemthephotoyousentittome.4.Ioftenthinkofthedayswhenwespentontheislandtogether.5.Thisisthemuseumwhereyouvisitedtheotherday.6.HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai,whereIlefttenyearsago?II.语法填空（每空至多填三词）7.【2014新课标Ⅰ】Maybeyouhaveahabit______is 第十二章定语从句drivingyourfamilycrazy.1.【2014广东】Thenextday,mybrotherandIwenttothebeach______wewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.2.【2014湖南】Peopleshouldnotdothings______willdisturbtheirneighborsunnecessarily.3.【2014安徽】Theexactyear______AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.4.【2015课标Ⅰ】I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver______arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.5.【2015广东】Whenharvestcamearound,hewasalreadysellingherbs,vegetablesandcottoninthemarket______peoplefromthetownmetregularly.I.写作技能提升6.【2012上海】在展览会上，公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。(demonstrate)7.这本书对我帮助很大，特别是在好印象是必须的工作中。（helpgreatly,expression,amust）8.我认为学生应当参加社区活动，在活动中他们可以为成长获得经验。（involveoneselfin,communityactivities,gainexperience）9.我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的日子。第十二章定语从句第1讲只能用that不能用which的情况第十二章定语从句考点1.先行词是anything,something,nothing,everything等不定代词时1.Heneverreadsanything______isnotworthreading.A.whichB.asC.whoD.that2.【2010全国2】Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething______wassomeoneelse’sfault.A.whoB.thatC.asD.what考点2.先行词是all,much，little,none或先行词被all,much,little,no,any修饰时3.Thereisnotmuch______canbedone.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how4.Thereisnodifficulty______can’tbeovercomeintheworld.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what5.【2014陕西】Pleasesendusalltheinformation______youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.A.thatB.whichC.asD.what6.Youcantakeanyseat______isfree.A.thatB./C.whichD.it考点3.先行词被最高级、序数词以及thefirst,thelast,thevery,theonly,thesame修饰时7.Themostimportantthing______weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing______Ihavesaid.A.which;thatB.that;whichC.which;whichD.that;that8.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.A.thatB.itC.whichwho9.Thisistheveryfilm______I’velongwishedtosee.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom10.Thisisthelasttime______Ishallcomeheretohelpyou.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what11.It’sthethirdtime______latethismonth.A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrivedC.thatyou’vearrivedD.whenyou’vearrived考点4.先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词用that12.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist______wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that13.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons______theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what考点5.关系代词在从句中作表语或therebe结构中的实意主语时,that可指人或物，且通常省略(概括为：在从句中位于be后。此条仅作了解)Hestilltalksliketheman（that）hewastenyearsago.他谈起话来仍像十年前一样。Thetrainisthefastesttrain（that）therehaseverbeen.这列火车是有史以来最快的火车。14.Sheisnolongerthesweetgirl______sheusedtobe.A.whatB.whoC.whenD.that考点6.当先行词前面有which，who等疑问代词时，为避免重复，用关系代词that同理，当先行词是that,those时，常用关系代词which或who。如：What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?15.Whoistheperson______isstandingatthegateofBeijingTourismTower?A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whom16.Who______hascommonsensewilldosuchathing?A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that17.Those______notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.A.learnB.whoC.thatlearnsD.wholearn考点7.注意：关系副词不受这些规则的影响只是在选用关系代词时才使用这些规则。如：18.【2010福建】StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet______lifehasdevelopedgradually.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose19.Thisisthesamehouse______hergrandfatherwasborn.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose 第十二章定语从句I.单句改错1.Isthereanythingwhichbelongstoyou?2.Boththegirlandherdogwhichwerecrossingthestreetwerehitbyacomingcar.3.Alltheappleswhichfelldownwereeatenbythepigs.II.语法填空（每空至多填三词）4.Thesepeopleoncehadfameandfortune;nowall______islefttothemisutterpoverty.5.Ilikethesecondfootballmatch______washeldlastweek.thatIII.写作技能提升6.【2010湖北】母亲对我所做的一切如此自豪，她奖赏我去北京旅游一趟。（soproudof,all,reward,trip）7.这个就是我一直在寻找的那本书。(theverybook)8.【2004上海】我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。(…it…,cooperate,stickto)9.在那边扫地的那个女的是谁？(Who,sweepthefloor)10.她已不再是过去的她。11.如果有你一个人不能克服的困难，你可以向你的父母或朋友求助。（anydifficulty,overcome,turnto第十二章定语从句第1讲其他有关关系代词选择的规则第十二章定语从句考点1.只用which,who,whom不用that的情况A.关系代词直接放在介词后面时，要用which，不用that；要用whom，不用who。1.【2011湖南】JuliewasgoodatGerman,FrenchandRussian,allof______shespokefluently.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.that2.【2008湖南】Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,______arebeyondourcontrol.A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.mostofwhatD.mostofthat3.Thisisthemuseum______wesawanexhibitiontheotherday.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat4.【2012上海】Haveyousentthank-younotestotherelativesfrom______youreceivedgifts?A.whichB.themC.thatD.whomB.引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which,who,whom,不用that，也不能省略。（参看P134第6讲）5.【2010全国1】Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool,______isnamedafterhisgrandfather.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that6.【2012全国Ⅱ】Thatevening,______Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when考点2.whose可指人也可指物若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换;若指人，一般不与ofwhom互换1.Helivesinahouse.Itswindowfacessouth.→Helivesinahousewhosewindowfacessouth.Helivesinahouse.Thewindowofitfacessouth.→Helivesinahouse,thewindowofwhichfacessouth.→Helivesinahouse,ofwhichthewindowfacessouth.2.Heisthefarmer.HissonisstudyinginQinghuaUniversity.由于我们一般说hisson，不说thesonofhim,因此我们只能说:HeisthefarmerwhosesonisstudyinginQinghuaUniversity.而不能说：Heisthefarmer,thesonofwhomisstudyinginQinghuaUniversity.7.Isawsometrees______theleaveswereblackwithdisease.A.whereB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.whose8.【2010陕西】Theoldtemple,______roofwasdamagedinstorm,isnowunderrepair.A.whereB.whichC.itsD.whose9.【2014山东】Acompany______profitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.A.whichB.whoseC.whoD.why10.【2013福建】Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose______liveswereaffected.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which考点3.当先行词为one,ones,anyone,everyone,none,all(指人)时，关系代词常用whoAnyonewhoisagainstusisourenemy.任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.所有听到这个故事的人都很惊讶。考点4.what不能作关系代词；one作同位语11.Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,______Iwillalwaystreasure.A.thatB.oneC.itD.what12.Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,______hewantedtobe.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which13.ForTimthiswasthebeginningofanewlife,______hethoughthewouldneversee.A.whatB.thatC.oneD.it14.【2010山东】Helpingothersisahabit,______youcanlearnevenatanearlyage.A.itB.thatC.whatD.oneI.单句改错1.【2013海南/新课标Ⅱ】Havingteainthelateafternoon 第十二章定语从句providesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.1.Sheshowedmethedictionary,onthatshespentmostofhermoney.I.语法填空（每空至多填三词）2.MissSmithisastrictbutgoodteacher,______whooftencaresaboutourlifeandstudyatschool.3.【2009安徽】Manychildren,______parentsareawayworkinginbigcities，aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.4.Theoldmanhastwosons,bothof______arelawyers.5.【2015四川】Thebooksonthedesk,______coversareshiny,areprizesforus.II.写作技能提升6.【2013湖北】上学时我遇到过很多老师，其中两位对我影响很大。(throughthecourseof,meet,twoof,influence)7.参观你所在的城市是一次难忘的经历，一次我将永生珍视的经历。（visitingyourcity,experience,one,treasurefortherestofmylife）8.那些树，树枝几乎秃了，都有数百年了。（branches,bare,hundredsof）第十二章定语从句第1讲as,but,than用作关系代词第十二章定语从句考点1.as引导限制性定语从句例题：Ihadneverheardsuchaninterestingstory______youtoldmeyesterday.A.thatB.whichC.asD.that/which有些同学可能选择D，这说明有关定语从句的基本知识学得不错，但知识还是有漏洞。要记住：如果先行词被such,thesame,so+形容词+a/an，as+形容词+a/an修饰时，这时关系词我们要用as。此时，as同that,who,which,whom一样，是关系代词，代指thesame,so,such和as引导的短语，常译作“正如，像”，在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语和表语。A.先行词被such修饰时，构成“such…as…”。It’ssuchaheavystoneasnobodycanmove.那是一块重得没人能移得动的石头。（as作宾语）Don’ttrustsuchmenaspraiseyoutoyourface.不要相信那种当面吹捧你的人。(as作主语)B.先行词被thesame修饰时，构成“thesame…as…”。Wehavearrivedatthesameconclusionastheyhave.我们已得出和他们同样的结论。(as作主语)ThisisthesamewatchaswaswornbyJohn.这与约翰戴的那块表一样。(as作主语)C.在“as…as…”句型中，第一个as后面跟名词时。它可以看作是“as+形容词+as”的一种变化形式。Heisasgoodashisbrother.他和他弟弟一样好。这句话还可以表达为：Heisasgoodaboyashisbrother.It’saspleasantafilmasIhaveeverseen.(as作宾语)这是一部和我以往看的同样好的电影。（参看P.42Error!Referencesourcenotfound.）D.在“so+形+冠+n.+as”句型中(Heissogoodastudentaseveryteacherlikes.)它可以看作是先行词被such修饰时关系代词用as（第一种情况）的一种变化形式。Heissuchagoodstudentaseveryteacherlikes.他是一个每个老师都喜欢的这样一个好学生。用so可以表达为：Heissogoodastudentaseveryteacherlikes.（参看P.42Error!Referencesourcenotfound.）考点2.thesame…as与thesame…thatthesame…as指同一类，thesame…that指同一个。Iboughtthesamecarasyours.我买的那辆汽车和你的一模一样。Thisisthesamebag(theverybag)thatIlostyesterday.这就是我昨天丢失的那个包。考点3.such…as和such….that的区别（该用定语从句还是用结果状语从句）such…as“像……样的”，as引导的是定语从句，as作句子成分；such…that“如此……以至于”，that引导的是结果状语从句,that不作句子成分。判断办法：如果后面成分完整，用that来引导结果状语从句；如果后面句子成分不完整，则用as来引导定语从句。Itwassodifficultaproblem______nooneworkeditout.（成分完整，结果状语从句,填that）译为：这道题如此难以至于没有人算得出来。Itwassodifficultaproblem______nooneworkedout.（成分不完整，定语从句,填as）译为：这是一道没有人能算出来的难题。练习1.Heissuchalazyman______nobodywantstoworkwith______.A.as;himB.that;/C.as;/D.whom;him2.Itwasn’tsuchagoodpresent______hehadpromisedme.A.thatB.asC.whichD.what3.Weshouldreadsuchbooks______willmakeusbetterandwiser.A.whenB.asC.whoseD.what4.Thisissuchaheavybox______Ican’tmoveit.A.asB.thatC.whichD.whose5.LasttermourEnglishteachersetsodifficultanexaminationproblem______noneofusworkedout.A.asB.thatC.whichD.whose6.Popmusicissuchanimportantpartofsociety______ithaseveninfluencedourlanguage.A.asB.thatC.whichD.where7.Themanshowedussoheavyastone______noonecanlift.A.thatB.asC.whichDand 第十二章定语从句1.Ireceived______niceagift______mymotherpromised.A.thesame;asB.as;asC.such;asD.thesame;that2.Iwanttousethesametools______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which3.Tomdidnottakeawaythecamerabecauseitwasjustthesamecamera______helostlastweek.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.as考点1.but用作关系代词（选学内容）but既可指人，也可指物，常在定语从句中充当主语。but本身含“否定”的意思，其作用相当于“that／which／who．．．not”。它前面的主句通常有“否定”的词（如：no，not，little，few，hardly等）。(为了快速培养语感，也可把but意译为“除了”)。①Thereisnomotherbutlovesherownchildren.（＝Thereisnomotherthat／whodoesnotloveherownchildren.）没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。②Thereareveryfewbutadmirehistalents.（but=whodon’t）很少有人不赞赏他的才干。③Thereisnorulebuthasexception.凡规则都有例外。考点2.than用作关系代词（选学内容）than在定语从句中作关系代词，在从句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语，但仍以充当主语为多。在定语从句中，它与关系代词that所起的语法作用是差不多的，只是在翻译或解释时，要比that多一层比较的意味。另外，由than含有比较意味可知，该类定语从句的先行词前通常要有形容词的比较级形式。如：①Youmakemoremoneythanisintendedtomake.你挣得的钱比预计的要多。②Thereweremorecasualtiesthanwasreported.伤亡人数比报道的要多。③Newspapersandothermediadomorethansimplyrecordwhathappens.报纸和其他媒体做的不仅仅是记录发生的事情。I.单句改错1.Heisn’tsuchamanthatheusedtobe.2.Heisnotsuchamanwhowouldleavehisworkhalfdone.3.Itwassodifficultaproblemthatnooneworkedout.II.语法填空（每空至多填三词）4.Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice______peopleexpected.5.Ihaveboughtthesamedress______sheiswearing.III.写作技能提升6.起初，我认为李老师有点怪，因为他总是问一些没人能回答的问题。（kindofodd,suchquestionsas）7.他不是一个把今天能做的事拖到明天做这样的一个人。（suchaman,putoff…untiltomorrow）8.在我生日那天，我收到了像母亲承诺的那样好的一件礼物。（receiveasgoodagift）9.我在他的书包里发现了我前几天丢的那支钢笔，这支笔是我朋友送给我的生日礼物。我怒不可遏了。（thesame,agiftfrom,containmyanger）10.英语是如此有用的一门语言，世界上许多人都在学它。（souseful,learnit）第十二章定语从句第1讲关系副词第十二章定语从句关系副词有when,where,why三个，在定语从句中一般作状语；how不能作关系副词。考点1.关系副词在定语从句中常作状语1.【2015陕西】Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetime______heshouldbeabletobeindependent.A.whichB.whereC.whomD.when2.【2009重庆】Lifeislikealongrace______wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.A.whyB.whatC.thatD.where3.【2012浙江】Weliveinanage______moreinformationisavailablewithgreateasethaneverbefore.A.whyB.whenC.towhomD.onwhich4.【2013四川】Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironment______theylive.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where考点2.theway作先行词首先要确定theway在定语从句中作什么成分。如果theway在定语从句中作主语或宾语，要选用关系代词。①Idon’tliketheway______willcosttoomuchmoney.②Theway______hethoughtoftosolvetheproblemwasnotpractical.在句①中，theway在定语从句中作主语，因此要填关系代词that/which。在句②中，theway在定语从句中作宾语，因此也要用关系代词：that/which/省略。如果theway在定语从句中作状语(定语从句还原后是intheway)，关系词用下面三种情况的任一种：inwhich；that；省略。Theway______heansweredthequestionwassurprising.A.howB.thatC.inwhichD./E.B/C/D定语从句恢复为完整的一句话后为：Heansweredthequestionintheway.intheway在定语从句中作状语，因此选E。5.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich 第十二章定语从句1.Thisistheonlyway______youcanfind.A.thatB./C.inwhichD.A,BandCE.AandB2.Idon’tliketheway______hespoketohismother.A.thatB./C.inwhichD.A,BandC考点1.situation,case,point,business等作先行词，关系副词常用where3.【2009浙江】Ihavereachedapointinmylife______Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.A.whichB.whereC.howD.why4.【2003上海】Icanthinkofmanycases______studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.A.whyB.whichC.asD.where5.【2008江西】Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaders______consumercomplaintshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw.A.whereB.whenC.whoD.which6.【2004湖南】Iworkinabusiness______almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.A.howB.whichC.whereD.that7.【2009福建】It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituation______theycanseethemselvesdifferently.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where考点2.occasion(时机)作先行词时关系副词用whenItwasarare-indeeduniqueoccasionwhenIwasabletoputRitchieright.考点3.when引导非限制性定语从句8.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesefootballfansthisyear,______forthefirsttimeinyearstheirteamwontheworldcup.A.thatB.whileC.whichD.when9.Therainbowcan’tbeseenatnoon,______thesunishighinthesky.A.whileB.whenC.soD.that10.Weplayedinthegardentillsunset,______itbegantorain.A.whenB.afterC.whileD.thenI.单句改错1.【2006安徽】Mostpubliclibrariesalsohaveareading-room,thatyoucansitatthedeskandreadthedailynewspapers,magazinesandotherbooks,butyouarenotpermittedtotakethemout.2.We’rejusttryingtoreachapointwhichbothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.3.Therearesomereasonsfortheydothis.4.IhopeIcanbeadmittedtoagoodcollege,whichIwillhaveachancetoimprovemyEnglishfurther.II.语法填空（每空至多填三词）5.【2014上海】Aftergraduationfromuniversity,Ihadbeenunabletosecureapermanentjobinmysmalltown.SoIdecidedtoleavehomeforNewYork,______Imighthaveabetterchancetofindagoodjob.6.【2013福建】Asstudents,therearemanywaysin_____youcanservethecommunity.7.【2008湖北】ThecityIgrewupisveryhotanddampinsummer.8.【2015天津】Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere______hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.III.写作技能提升9.现在我们已经到了一个对我们未来非常重要的时刻，我们应当全身心地学习。（point,becriticalto,suppose,devote…to）10.有许多案例，学生课堂不听讲，最后以辍学告终。（case,dropoutof）11.一方面，我钦佩他的才能，但另一方面，我不喜欢他对待别人那种方式。（gift,theway,treat）12.我英语差的原因是我对英语不感兴趣。（thereason,beinterestedin）13.正常情况下，我们10点到家，这时大多数人已经睡着了。（normally,gotosleep）第十二章定语从句第1讲限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，起“指定是哪一个”的作用，去掉后句意不完整是对先行词的补充说明，删除后句子意思仍完整译法上翻译成先行词的定语，“……的……”通常翻译成主句的并列句关系词的使用上A.作宾语时可省略；B.可用that;C.可用who代替whom；D.可用whyA.不可省;B.不用that;C.不用who代替whom;D.why要换为forwhich第十二章定语从句考点1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别A.限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，与先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词、 第十二章定语从句关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。如：①Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）②Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）③Ilostmymoneythatday,forwhichIhadtowalkhome.(非限制性，forwhich不能换为why，which代指前面“Ilostmymoneythatday.”这句话)④Hemetwithaprettygirlinthepark,whomhefellinloveatfirstsight.(非限制性，whom不能换为who)A.当先行词是专有名词或由物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。如：①CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。②Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.我的房子，去年买的，带着个漂亮的花园。③Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。练习翻译下列句子，注意体会限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句在表达意思上的区别。1.Hehasabrotherwhoisaphysicist.Hehasabrother,whoisaphysicist.2.HereturnedallthebookswhicharewritteninEnglish.Hereturnedallthebooks,whicharewritteninEnglish.3.Themanwholivesnextdoorisadoctor.Mysister,wholivesnextdoor,isadoctor.4.Astudentwhostudieshardwillmakegoodprogress.Thestudent,wholivesfarfromschool,isthecaptainoftheirfootballteam.考点1.as,which引导的非限制性定语从句A.as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面、中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开；但which所引导的非限制性定语从句不能放在句首。Asisknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclass.(as指代整个句子，作主语，置于句首)Heopposedtheidea,ascouldbeexpected.(as指代整个句子，作主语，置于句末)Taiwan,asyouknow,isapartofChina.(as指代整个句子，作宾语，置于句中)HehastoworkonSunday,whichhedoesn’tlike.(which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面)B.as引导非限制性定语从句，常带有“正如”。当从句为否定时不能用as。Shefailedtheexamagain,aswasunexpected.×Shefailedtheexamagain,whichwasunexpected.√C.as,which可指代整个主句，也可指代主句的一部分。Hewasveryhappy,ascouldbeseenfromthelookonhisface.(as指代前面整个主句)Heclaimedhecouldspeakthreeforeignlanguages,whichisnottrue.(which指代“hecouldspeakthreeforeignlanguages”，指代前面一句话的一部分)D.asisoftenthecase是常用说法，意为“像往常那样；正如经常发生的那样”，只能用as，不能用which。1.【2010四川】Aftergraduatingfromcollege，Itooksometimeofftogotravelling,______turnedouttobeawisedecision.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where2.Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,______hefoundajobinabigcompany.A.afterthatB.afterwhichC.afteritD.afterthis3.Youwereveryimpolitetohim,for______youshouldmakeanapologytohim,Ithink.A.thisB.whichC.whatD.that4.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,______wasbeyondhiswildestdream.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it5.【2009全国II】Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown,______wasverykindofhim.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it6.【2012北京】Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,______heoftenwas，hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when7.【2012福建】Theairqualityinthecity,______isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.A.thatB.itC.asD.what8.______mightbeexpected,theresponsetothequestionwasverymixed.A.AsB.ThatC.ItD.What9.【2013陕西】______isoftenthecasewithchildren,Amywasbetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.A.ItB.ThatC.WhatD.As10.TheBeatles,______manyofyouaretoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.A.whatB.thatC.howD.asI.单句改错1.【2005安徽】HenryRoycedidnotlikehiscar,thatranbadlyandoftenbrokedown.2.【2004重庆】Ihadtolookupthesameword  manytimes,forwhichwasquitetroublesome.3.Whichisnatural,hemarriedMary.4.Thereisnosimpleanswer,whichisoftenthecaseinscience.II.语法填空（每空至多填三词）5.【2009福建】Ifpossible（可能）,wemayleavethemaloneforsometimebeforereadingagain,______willhelpagreatdeal.6.【2010湖北】______wehavestressedmanytimes,“servethepeople”isourfirstpolicy.7.【2015江苏】Thenumberofsmokers,______isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.8.【2015福建】ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,______showsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.III.写作技能提升9.我发现一个老人躺在马路上，我乘出租车立即把他送到了医院，这就是那天上午我迟到的原因。（findsomebody 第十二章定语从句doing,take…to,which）1.正如一句谚语所说，“AllworkbutnoplaymakesJackadullboy.”如果没有一个强壮的身体，一个人会一事无成。（saying,asoundbody,achieve）2.正如图表所显示的那样，这个城市的空气质量在过去两年越来越糟。（asisshowninthechart,theairquality）3.在汉语演讲比赛中我获得了一等奖，这我做梦也没有想到。（winthefirstprize,Chinesespeechcompetition,beyondmywildestdreams）4.在我国，许多学生上不起大学，李华就是这种情况，但这些人却花这么多钱买奢侈品。（can’taffordtoattendacollege,asisthecasewith,wastemoneyon,luxury）非限制性定语从句在写作中非常好用，可以把琐碎的要点连成一个高级的句子来。尝试用非限制性定语从句翻译下面句子。5.我们的学校，位于内乡西北角，有34年历史。（belocatedin,haveahistoryof）6.我们学校里的老师，大多数都是三十多岁，把他们一切都奉献给了我们。（inone’sthirties,devoteoneselfto）7.我们学校的领导，都年轻有为，他们也都是教学方面的专家，还经常到外地学习先进的教学和管理经验。(youngandsuccessfulintheircareers,expert,advancedtheoriesinteachingandmanagement)8.我们学校有四千多学生，大多数都能用心学习。(themajorityof,putone’sheartinto)9.我为我们的学校而感到自豪。我相信，在这里，如果我们好好学习的话，一定会考上名牌大学。(beproudof,thereisagoodchancethat,beadmittedto)第十二章定语从句第1讲介词＋关系代词第十二章定语从句考点1.关系代词直接跟在介词后时，只可用whom或which,不可用who,that(参看P.131)考点2.fromwhere,sincewhen为“介词＋关系副词”结构，可以引导定语从句如：Westoodatthetopofthehill,fromwherewecanseethetown.1.Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,______kiteflyingspreadtoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.A.fromthatB.fromwhereC.fromthereD.fromhere2.【2007山东】Thebookwaswrittenin1946,_________theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatcharges.A.whenB.duringwhichC.sincethenD.sincewhen考点3.像lookafter,lookfor等固定短语动词在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。如：Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.3.Thisisthebaby______tomorrow.A.afterwhomIshalllookB.whomIshalllookafterC.whoseIshalllookafterD.afterwhomIshalllookafter考点4.部分与整体用ofsomeofus,manyofthem4.【2008四川】Formanycitiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadoutfurther,______NewYorkisanexample.A.forwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich5.【2012四川】Inourclassthereare46students,______halfwearglasses.A.inwhomB.inthemC.ofwhomD.ofthem考点5.介词的选择：看前看后看意思A.看与先行词的搭配6.Thebicycle______heoftenridesneedsrepairing.A.onwhichB.inwhichC.bywhichD.withwhich7.Theworld______ismadeupofmatter.A.inthatweliveB.onwhichweliveC.whereweliveinD.welivein8.【2008上海】Wewentthroughaperiod______communicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.A.whichB.whoseC.inwhichD.withwhichB.看谓语的搭配9.Thetwothings______theyfeltveryproudareJim’sgoldwatchandDella’shair.A.aboutwhichB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.forwhich10.Heisamanofgreatexperience,______muchcanbelearned.A.whoB.thatC.fromwhichD.fromwhom11.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson______shecouldturnforhelp.A.whomB.whoC.towhomD.fromwhom12.【2009陕西】Guncontrolisasubject______Americanshavearguedforalongtime.A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhichC.根据句子意思13.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,______hecouldsee______wasgoingoninsidethehouse.A.which;whatB.throughwhich;whatC.throughthat;whatD.what;that14.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m.,______manypeoplehavegonehome.A.whosetimeB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhichtime15.【2008上海春】Villagersheredependonthefishingindustry,______therewon’tbemuchwork.A.whereB.thatC.bywhichD.withoutwhich 第十二章定语从句I.单句改错1.【2008重庆】ItisalsoawindowwhichwecanlearnaboutAmericansociety.2.Thepeninwhichheiswritingismine.II.语法填空（每空至多填三词）3.【2010上海】Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy______whichwemayreturninthenearfuture.4.Sheshowedmethedictionary______whichshepaidalotofmoney.III.写作技能提升5.【2009湖北】学习策略，老师们都很重视，还没有引起学生足够注意。（Learningstrategies,attachgreatimportance,drawattention）6.当我初到这里的时候，我几乎没有朋友；当我遇到麻烦的时候没有人可以求助。（hardly,noone,turnto…forhelp,meetwith）7.我们登到了山顶，从那里我们可以一览全城风光。（fromwhere）8.【2015上海】在你生命中，如果有一个人你需要对他说对不起，那么就去向他道歉吧。(saysorryto,apology)第十二章定语从句第1讲同位语从句和定语从句第十二章定语从句例题：Hetoldmethenewsthismorning______hisfatherhadcomeback.A.whichB.thatC.whichorthat答案是B。那么A为什么不可以呢？要弄明白这个问题，就要搞清楚定语从句和同位语从句的区别。同位语从句和定语从句很相似，但还是有区别的，区别主要在以下三方面：A.从词类上区别同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词；而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词，主句的一部分或是整个主句。如:①Wearenowlookingintothequestionwhetherheisworthtrusting.我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题。（同位语从句）②Wordcamethathehadbeenabroad.据说他已经出国了。（同位语从句）③Ourteamhaswonthegame,whichmadeusveryhappy.我们队赢了,这让我们很高兴。（定语从句）B.从性质上区别定语从句对其先行词起修饰或限制作用，功能上相当于形容词；而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释，是名词的具体内容，属于名词性从句的范畴。如：①Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。（同位语从句，说明news到底是一个什么消息）②Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。（定语从句,指他告诉我的消息）③ImadeapromisethatifanyonesetmefreeIwouldmakehimveryrich.我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有。（同位语从句,补充说明promise的内容）④Themothermadeapromisethatpleasedallherchildren.妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺。（定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语）C.引导词上的区别i.引导词that引导定语从句时，作从句的一个成分，有时可用which替换，作宾语时常常省略；而that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用which来代替。例：判断下列句子是同位语从句还是定语从句。①Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.我们应派几个人去帮别的小组的命令昨天收到了。②Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。解析：①是同位语从句，是对order的具体解释，that虽不作成分，不能换为which,也不能省略。②是定语从句，是名词order的修饰语，that在从句中作received的宾语，可以换为which，也可以省略。ii.how,whether,what虽不能引导定语从句，却可引导同位语从句；who,whose,whom,which,when,where,why除引导定语从句外，也可引导同位语从句。（参看P.141Error!Referencesourcenotfound.）iii.定语从句的引导词反映的是先行词的意思，而同位语从句的引导词在意思上和前面的词没有联系。①Thereasonthathegaveforhiscominglatewasnottrue.②Thereasonthathisalarmclockwasbrokenwasnottrue.在①中，that的意思是reason,在定语从句中作give的宾语。在②句中，that只起连接作用，不含有thereason的意思。iv.在定语从句中，关系副词可以换为“介词+关系代词”，而引导同位语从句的连接副词却不能换为“介词+连接代词”的形式。①Thesuggestionwherehestressedtheimportanceofexercisingwasverypractical.②Thesuggestionwhereweshouldexerciseregularlyisverypractical.在上面的句①中，where可以换为inwhich；在句②中，where不能换为inwhich。 第十二章定语从句例：判断下列句子是同位语从句还是定语从句。①Thatquestionwhetherweneedithasnotbeenconsidered.②Ihavenoideawhathashappenedtohim.③Ihaven’tansweredthequestionhowIwilldealwithit.④TheschoolwhereBobstudiesisinthemiddleofthecity.⑤Thedecisionwhenweshouldgetstartedhasn’tbeenmade.解析：①、②、③是同位语从句，它们是在说明前面词的内容,whether,what和how不能引导定语从句。④是定语从句，where反映的是先行词的意思，可以换为inwhich。⑤是同位语从句。从句是在说明decision的内容。when并没有反映thedecision的意思。when也不能改为atwhichtime。练习1.Thenews______hehasbeenelectedpresidentoftheUnitedStatesistrue.A.thatBwhichC.whatD.where2.Thenews______youtoldmeyesterdayistrue.A.thatBwhenC.whatD.where3.【2006重庆】Nobodybelievedhisreasonforbeingabsentfromtheclass______hehadtomeethisuncleattheairport.A.whyB.thatC.whereD.because4.Isthisthereason______heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.thatB.whatC.howD.why5.Galileocollectedthefacts______provedtheearthandalltheotherplanetsmovearoundthesun.A.thatB.whichC./D.AandB6.Galileodiscoveredthefact______theearthandalltheotherplanetsmovearoundthesun.A.thatB.whichC./D.AandB7.【2006安徽】Awarmthoughtsuddenlycametome______Imightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother’sbirthday.A.ifB.whenC.thatD.which8.【2004上海】Astorygoes______ElizabethⅠofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that9.Thereismuchchance______Billwillrecoverfromhisinjuryintimefortherace.A.thatB.whichC.untilD.if10.【2009浙江】—Isthereanypossibility______youcouldpickmeupattheairport?—Noproblem.A.whenB.thatC.whetherD.what11.Threedayslater,wordcame______ourcountryhadsentupanotherman-madesatellite.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where12.【2009重庆】Weshouldconsiderthestudents’request______theschoollibraryprovidemorebooksonpopularscience.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.whereI.单句改错1.【2007天津】However,Iwasluckyenoughtohaveateacherwhodidn’ttakemybadgradesasajudgmentofmyabilities,butsimplyasanindicationhowIshouldstudyharder.2.【2007全国Ⅱ】Myschoolisorganizingabasketballteamandthere"sjustachancewhichIcanjoinit.II.语法填空（每空至多填三词）3.Hemadeadecision______hehadtoworkhardfromthenon.4.Hemadeadecision______annoyedhisparents.5.【2009四川】Newscamefromtheschooloffice______WangLinhadbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.III.写作技能提升6.我已经自己许下承诺，毕业前我再也不玩电脑了。（makeapromiseto,graduation）7.当你不久就将回国的消息传来，我们真的很难过。(sad,wordcame)8.有谚语说“熟能生巧”，因此如果你想学好英语，你必须在它上面多花费时间。（asayinggoesthat）9.我相信如果你尽力而为，有很大的可能性你最后会成功的。（agreatchance）第十二章定语从句第1讲定语从句与易混句型第十二章定语从句考点1.定语从句与同位语从句(参看P137第8讲)考点2.定语从句与独立主格结构（参看P.120Error!Referencesourcenotfound.）考点3.定语从句与强调句型（参看P.181Error!Referencesourcenotfound.）考点4.定语从句与地点状语从句例题：①Rice doesn’tgrowwell______thereisnotenoughwater.A.whereB.inwhich有的同学认为两个答案都对，解释说where可以换为inwhich。而正确答案只能是A，因为在这里where引导的是地点状语从句而不是定语从句。在定语从句中关系副词where可以换为“介词＋关系代词”，而在状语从句中则不能这样换。辨别方法：定语从句有先行词而状语从句没有先行词。试比较：②I still remember the farm______myparentsworkedtenyearsago.A.whereB.onwhich 第十二章定语从句本题A，B两个答案都行，因为本句where引导的是定语从句，先行词是thefarm。1.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s______youleftit.A.thereB.whereC.therewhereD.wherethere2.Whenyoureadthebook,you’dbettermakeamark______youhaveanyquestions.A.atwhichB.atwhereC.theplaceD.where3.【2006四川】—Mom,whatdidyourdoctorsay?—Headvisedmetolive______theairisfresher. A.inwhereB.inwhichC.theplacewhereD.where 4.【2006天津】Ifyouaretraveling______thecustomsarereallyforeigntoyourown,pleasedoastheRomansdo. A.inwhichB.whatC.whenD.where 考点1.定语从句与并列句例：A.themB.theyC.whom①Hehasthreedaughters,none of______isanengineer.②He has three daughters,but none of_____isadancer.③Hehasthreedaughters;______aredoctors.并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或分号连接，这时就不必再用关系词了；而定语从句中，关系词起着连接作用，不必要再用and,but，so等连词。（参看“两个主谓结构时”P.10Error!Referencesourcenotfound.）答案：①C②A③B5.【2013浙江】Thechildren,______hadplayedthewholedaylong,werewornout.A.allofwhatB.allofwhichC.allofthemD.allofwhom6.Ihavefivefriends,butnoneof______arebusiness-men.A.thatB.whomC.theyD.them7.Ihavefivefriends,______arebusinessmen.A.thatB.whoC.theyD.them8.【2012山东】Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof______havebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.A.themB.thatC.whichD.what9.Theyoungmothersawherbabyfalltotheground,______broughtherhearttohermouth.A.itB.andthatC.andwhichD.that10.Theybelievedthatthespiritsarewiththebodyofthedeadpersonforthreedays;______thereisalwayssomeonetostaywiththedeadperson.A.duringthistimeB.duringwhichtimeC.duringwhichD.duringwhenI.单句改错1.Anaccidenthappenedtherewherewehadmetyesterday.2.Hehasmanyfriends,mostofthemdon’tworkhard.II.语法填空（每空至多填三词）3.Thehousestood______therehadbeenarock.4.Ihavevisitedalotofplaces,butnoneof______canmatchyourcity.III.写作技能提升5.她买了许多衣服，大多数都很贵。（mostof）6.去年夏天，我们去了海南岛，我们一直都想去那里。（where）第十二章定语从句第1讲定语从句的其他常见考点第十二章定语从句考点1.分隔定语从句定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。如：Hewastheonlypersoninthiscountrywhowasinvited.定语从句与先行词theonlyperson被inthiscountry分隔。1.【2011上海】You’llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation______youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as2.【2011天津】Thedaysaregone______physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.which3.【2012江苏】Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,______urgentlyneededcleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.what考点2.oneof,theoneof,theonlyoneof例题：选用is、are填空①Tomisoneofthestudentswho______goodatplayingfootball.②Tomistheonly/veryoneofthestudentswho______goodatplayingfootball.③Tomistheoneofthestudentswho______goodatplayingfootball.在①中，定语从句的先行词是thestudents,这些学生都擅长踢足球，而Tom是他们中的一个,因此who代指的是thestudents,因此填are。在②中，Tom就是那些学生中唯一擅长踢足球的那一个。擅长踢足球的只有一人，因此，who代指一个人，后面填is。此时，先行词是theone。此时，theone有两个定语，ofthestudents和后面的定语从句。第③句同第②句差不多。擅长踢足球的还是只有一人，因此，先行词是theone，要填is。因此，我们可以发现这样的规律：oneof后跟名词复数时,后面定语从句的先行词是of后面的名词复数，从句谓语用复数；theoneof/theonlyoneof后跟名词复数时，定语从句 第十二章定语从句的先行词是theone/theonlyone，从句谓语用单数。1.【1994上海】Sheisoneofthefewgirlswho______inthekindergarten.A.iswellpaidB.arewellpaidC.ispayingwellD.arepayingwell2.Itisoneofthebestbooks______.A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenB.thathaseverbeenwrittenC.whichhavebeenwrittenD.whichhasbeenwritten3.Jackwastheoneofmyclassmateswho______invitedtoattendthecontest.A.hadB.haveC.wasD.were4.Thisistheveryoneofthemostinterestingfilms______shownlastweek.A.whichwasB.thatwasC.whichwereD.thatwere5.【2010全国Ⅱ】Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe’stheonlyoneofthewomenwho______eveningdress.A.wearB.wearsC.haswornD.haveworn考点1.isthisschooltheone与isthistheschool看下面两题：①Isthisschool______wevisitedthreeyearsago?A.theoneB.whichC.thatD.where②Isthistheschool______wevisitedthreeyearsago?A.theoneB.whereC.inwhichD./要简化难题，可把疑问句恢复成陈述句。在第一句中，恢复陈述句，is要放到school的后面。如果放到this的后面的话，就构成了thisisschool,而school作为可数名词单数是不能单独使用的，前面要用冠词或物主代词或指示代词。（参看P.27Error!Referencesourcenotfound.）答案：AD6.Isthisfactory______someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone7.Isthisthefactory______heworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.how考点2.关系词的省略（仅供了解）A.关系代词作宾语时的省略当关系代词在非限制性定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词宾语，且关系代词不直接位于介词后面时，可以省略。如：Isthereanything(that)youwant?想要什么东西吗?Whoistheman(that,who,whom)youweretalkingto?刚才和你讲话的人是谁?但是，如果是直接用于介词后作宾语或位于非限制性定语从句中，则不可省略。如：ThisistheroominwhichIlive.这是我住的那间房间。HemetMaryattheparty,whomhemarriedaweeklater.B.关系代词在从句中作表语或therebe结构中作实意主语用关系代词that,that可指人或物，且常省略。如：Theoldmanisnottheman(that)hewas.这个老人已不是以前那个样子了。ThewisdomshegavemehashelpedshapethepersonIamtoday.她给我的智慧把我塑造成现在的样子。Thisisthefastestcomputer（that）therehaseverbeen.这是有史以来运算最快的计算机。C.关系副词when的省略用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能省略，但若用于day,year,time,themoment等少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如：Thatwastheyear(that)Ifirstwentabroad.就是那一年我第一次出国了。I’llneverforgettheday(that)wemet.我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天。Doyoustillremembertheday(when)wefirstmet?你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗？D.关系副词where的省略用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省略，但若用于place,somewhere,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere等几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如：Thisistheplace(where)wemetforthefirsttime.这是我们第一次见面的地方。Doyouhaveanywhere(that)Icanliedownforanhour?你有没有一个什么地方可以让我躺一个小时？E.关系副词why的省略关系副词why通常只用于thereason后引导定语从句，且通常可换成that或forwhich，均可省略。如：That’sthereason(why,forwhich,that)hecame.这就是他来的原因。Givemeonereason(why)weshouldhelpyou.给我举出一个我们应当帮助你的理由。I.单句改错1.Hewastheonlyoneofthecandidateswhowereabletocarryouthispromises.2.Isthisschoolwhichheoncestudied?II.语法填空（每空至多填三词）3.【2014湖北】He’stheonlystudentintheclassthat______beenselectedtotakepartintheModelUnitedNationsconference.4.【2013江苏】ThepresidentoftheWorldBanksayshehasapassionforChina______,heremembersstartingasearlyashischildhood.III.写作技能提升5.他是那些学生中唯一一个连续三次获得一等奖的学生。（theonlyone,winthefirstprize,inarow）6.我的家乡已不再是十年前的那个小村庄了，那时到处都是破旧房子，人们食不果腹。（myhometown,thelittlevillage,when,oldhouses,hardlyfeedthemselves）7.她有一种能为学生们创造一种气氛的天赋，这种气氛可以使他们彼此自由交流。（haveagiftfor,atmosphere,allowsb.to,communicate）第十二章定语从句8. 第十二章定语从句 第十二章定语从句答案第一章定语从句第十二章定语从句第1讲关系词的选择技巧1.①who/that②who/whom/that/不填③whose④whose⑤that/which⑥that/which/不填⑦who/whom/that/不填⑧why⑨where⑩when2. ①Themovie(thatwesawlastnight)isveryexciting.②Haveyouboughtthebook(whichwetalkedabout)?③Istillremembertheday(whichwespenttogetherlastweek).④Hestilllivesinthehouse(whosewindowsfacesouth).⑤Theboy(whosefatherisapoliceman)speaksEnglishmostfluentlyinourclass.⑥Thegirl(whoyoumet)wasJohn’ssister.⑦Thereisnoreason(whyweshouldn’tbefriends).⑧Theyarrivedintheearlymorning(whentheskywasstilldark).⑨Thedaysweregone(whenwehadtotravelonhorses).⑩Isthisthehospital(whereyouwereborn)?1.A2.D3.A4.A5.B6.C7.A8.D9.C10.D11.D12.B13.C14.C15.B16.A17.A18.C1.secrets后加with；with的宾语是关系代词，省略了。2.is改为are；that代指的是words，所以要用复数。3.去掉it；it变为关系代词省略了，不能再要it。4.把when去掉或者改为that/which；关系词作spent的宾语，所以要用关系代词或省略。5.把where去掉或者改为that/which；关系词作visited的宾语，所以要用关系代词或省略。6.where改为which；关系词作left的宾语，所以要用关系代词。7.that/which；在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词。8.where；关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词。9.which/that；在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词。10.that/which/不填；作spent的宾语，用关系代词。11.that/which；先行词是mountaintopsanddarkwaters。12.where；先行词是themarked。13.Attheexhibition,thecompany’ssalesmanagerdemonstratedthenew(typeof)electronictoys(which/that)childrenwerelookingforwardto.14.Thebookhashelpedmegreatly,especiallyatworkwhereagoodimpressionisamust.15.IthinkStudentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.16.Iwillneverforgetthedays(that/which)wespenttogether.第2讲只能用that不能用which的情况1.D2.B3.A4.A5.A6.A7.D8.A9.B10.A11.C12.D13.B14.D15.B16.D17.D18.B19.B1.that改为which；先行词是不定代词anything。2.which改为that；先行词有人有物。3.which改为that；先行词有all修饰。4.that；先行词是all。5.that；先行词有序数词修饰。6.MymotherwassoproudofallthatIhaddonethatsherewardedmewithatriptoBeijing.7.ThisistheverybookthatIhavebeenlookingfor.8.Ifindit(is)hardtocooperatewiththosewhoalwayssticktotheirownopinions.9.Whoisthewomanthatissweepingtheflooroverthere?10.Sheisnolongerthewoman(that)sheusedtobe.11.Ifthereisanydifficulty(that)youcan’tovercomealone,youcanturntoyourparentsorfriendsforhelp.第3讲其他有关关系词选择的规则1.C2.B3.C4.D5.A6.B7.B8.D9.B10.A11.B12.D13.C14.D1.that改成which；which代指dinner，非限制性定语从句。2.that改为which；介词后面只能用which不能用that。3.one；作teacher的同位语。4.whose；作定语用whose。5.whom；介词of后用宾格。6.whose；whose作关系代词时可以指人也可指物。7.Throughthecourseofmyschooling,Imetmanyteachers, 第十二章定语从句twoofwhominfluencedmegreatly.(influence)1.Visitingyourcityisanunforgettableexperience,oneIwilltreasurefortherestofmylife.2.Thosetrees,whosebranchesarealmostbare,areallhundredsofyearsold.第1讲as,but,than用作关系代词1.C2.B3.B4.B5.A6.B7.B8.B9.C10.D1.that改为as；先行词有such修饰，用关系代词as。2.who改为as；先行词有such修饰，用关系代词as。3.that改为as，或者在out前加it。前者是改为定语从句，后者是改为结果状语从句。4.as；成分不完整，是定语从句。5.as；前面有thesame修饰，表示相似。6.Atfirst,IthoughtMr.Liwaskindofodd,becausehewasalwaysaskingsuchquestionsasnoonecouldanswer.7.Heisn’tsuchamanasputoffwhathecandotodaytilltomorrow.8.Onmybirthday,Ireceivedasgoodagiftasmymotherhadpromised.9.IfoundinhisschoolbagthesamepenthatIlosttheotherday,whichisaspecialgiftfrommyfriend,andIcouldn’tcontainmyanger.10.Englishissousefulalanguagethatmanypeopleintheworldarelearningit.第2讲关系副词1.D2.D3.B4.D5.A6.E7.D8.B9.D10.A11.C12.D13.D14.B15.A1.that改为where；非限制性定语从句，在从句中作状语。2.which改为where；在从句中作状语。3.for后加which或把for改为why；后面是定语从句。4.which改为where；在从句中作状语。5.where；在从句中作状语。6.which；先行词是theway。7.inwhich/where；在从句中作状语。8.where/inwhich；先行词是atmosphere。9.Nowwehavecometoapointwhichisverycriticaltoourfuture,wherewearesupposedtodevoteourselvestostudying.10.Therearemanycaseswherestudentswhodon’tlistencarefullyinclassendupdroppingoutofschool.11.Ontheonehand,Iadmirehisgifts,butontheotherIdon’tlikethewayhetreatsothers.12.ThereasonwhyIamweakinEnglishisthatI’mnotinterestedinit.13.Normally,wegethomeat10p.m.,whenmostpeoplehavegonetosleep.第3讲限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1.他有一个当医生的兄弟。（不止一个兄弟，其中一个是医生。）他有一个弟弟，是个医生。（只有一个弟弟。）2.他把所有的英文书都归还了。（还有别的书没归还）他把所有的书都归还了；这些书都是英文书。3.住在我隔壁的那个人是个医生。我姐姐是个医生，住在我的隔壁。4.努力学习的学生会取得进步。这个学生是他们校足球队的队长，他住得离学校很远。1.B2.B3.B4.A5.A6.B7.C8.A9.D10.D1.that改为which；非限制性定语从句只能用which。2.去掉which前的for；which本身都起着连接作用。3.Which改为As；which引导非限制性从句时不能放在句首。4.which改为as；asisoftenthecase固定用法。5.which；代指前面一句话。6.As；代指后面一句话，作stress的宾语。7.as；as有“正如”之意。8.which；which代指前面描述的事情。9.IfoundanoldmanlyingonthegroundandItookhimtohospitalinataxiimmediately,whichwaswhyIwaslatethatmorning.10.Asasayinggoes,“AllworkbutnoplaymakesJackadullboy.”Withoutasoundbody,onecannotachieveanything.11.Asisshowninthechart,theairqualityofthecityhasbecomeworseandworseinthepasttwoyears.12.IwonthefirstprizeintheChinesespeechcompetition,whichwasbeyondmywildestdreams.13.Inourcountry,manystudentscan’taffordtoattendacollege,asisthecasewithLiHua,butthesepeoplewastesomuchmoneyonsomanyluxuries.14.Ourschool,whichislocatedinthenorthwestofNeixiang,hasahistoryofthirty-fouryears.15.Theteachersofourschool,mostofwhomareintheirthirties,havedevotedalltheirlivestous.16.Theleadersofourschool,whoareyoungandsuccessfulintheircareers,oftengotootherschoolstolearnadvancedtheoriesinteachingandmanagement,althoughtheyareexpertsthemselves.17.Therearemorethan4,000studentsinourschool,themajorityofwhomputtheirheartsintotheirstudies.18.Iamproudofourschool,whereIamsureifwedoour 第十二章定语从句best,thereisagoodchancethatwecanbeadmittedtooneofthemostfamousuniversitiesofourcountry.第1讲介词+关系代词1.B2.D3.B4.C5.C6.A7.D8.C9.B10.D11.C12.C13.B14.D15.D1.which前加through或from；根据句意。2.in改为with；writewithapen。3.to；returnto再回到。4.for；paymoneyforsth.5.Learningstrategies,towhichteachersattachgreatimportance,havenotyetdrawnenoughattentionofstudents.6.WhenIfirstgothere,Ihadhardlyanyfriends,andtherewasnoonetowhomIcouldturnforhelpwhenImetwithtrouble.（或therewasnooneIcouldturntoforhelp）7.Weclimbeduptothetopofthehill, fromwhere wecouldhaveagoodviewofthewholetown.8.Ifthereissomeoneinyourlifetowhomyouneedtosaysorry,goaheadandmakeanapology.第2讲同位语从句和定语从句1.A2.A3.B4.A5.D6.A7.C8.D9.A10.B11.C12.A1.how改为that；indication指示，表明，后跟同位语从句。2.which改为that；后面是机会的内容，同位语从句。3.that；decision的内容，是同位语从句。4.that/which；定语从句，that/which指代先行词。5.that；是news的同位语从句，说明news的内容。6.IhavemadeapromisetomyselfthatIwillneverplaycomputergamesbeforegraduation.7.Wewerereallysadwhenwordcamethatyouwouldgobacktoyourcountrysoon.8.Asayinggoesthatpracticemakesperfect,soifyouwanttolearnEnglishwell,youmustspentmoretimeonit.9.Ibelieveifyoudoyourbest,thereisagreatchancethatyou’llsucceedintheend.第3讲定语从句与易混句型1.B2.D3.D4.D5.D6.D7.B8.C9.B10.A1.there去掉；there不是名词，不能跟定语从句。2.them改为whom，或者在most前加and/but；没连接。3.where；where引导地点状语从句。4.them；前面有连词but，因此是并列句。5.Shebuysalotofclothes,andmostofthemareveryexpensive.(…,mostofwhichareveryexpensive)6.Lastsummer,wewenttoHainanIsland,wherewehadlongwantedtogo.第4讲定语从句的其他常见考点1.A2.A3.B4.B5.A6.C7.B8.B9.D10.B1.were改为was；先行词有theonly修饰，定语从句谓语用单数。2.which改为where；where引导表语从句，……的地方。3.has；先行词有theonly修饰。4.which；先行词是passion，关系词作starting的逻辑主语。5.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohaswonthefirstprizethreetimesinarow.6.Myhometownisn’tthelittlevillageitwas(isn’twhatitwas)tenyearsago,whentherewereoldhouseseverywhereandpeoplecouldhardlyfeedthemselves.7.Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudentswhichallowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.第十二章定语从句 第十二章定语从句