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  • 2022-06-17 15:32:43 发布

高中英语语法——情态动词总结(附带练习)

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情态动词总结 I情态动词的特征:1.本身有词义。2.不能独立作谓语。2.后接动词原形一起构成谓语。3.不随人称和数的变化。II情态动词各自的基本意义及用法:1.can与could用法对比点cancould1、表“能力”Canyouliftthisheavybox?Icouldn’tunderstandwhathesaidatall.2、表“许可”Youcanuseadifferentmaterialinstead.HesaidIcouldborrowhisbike.3、“怀疑”No,no,itcan’tbetrue.Whatonearthcanthismean?Wethoughtthestorycouldnotbetrue.Howcouldyoubesocareless?4、can与beableto区别1.could代替can,表示语气更为婉转。Eg.CouldIuseyourbike?Yes,Ican2.can(能够)=beableto(仅表能力时),但beableto表示一番努力后,才能做得到,且有更多的时态。2.may与might用法对比点maymight1.表“询问”MayI…?(=CanI…?)MightI…?(=CouldI…?)(但比用may更客气)2.表“允许”Youmaytaketheboythere.Hetoldmehemightcome.(might与told相呼应)3.表“可能”“或许”Shemaynorlikethisplace.I’mafraidhemightnotlikethisplay.注:1.MayI…?的答语。2.may可表示期望或祝愿Mayyousucceed!3.may(might)用于目的状语从句。肯定:Yes,youmay.否定:No,youmustn’t不行(语气强硬)No,youmaynot或No,you’dbetternot.Theemperorgavethemsomegoldinorderthattheymightbegintheirworkatonce.3.must与haveto用法对比点musthaveto1.表“必须”(主观看法)必须;没有过去式,可用于间接引语中。HetoldmeImustdoaccordingtowhathesaid.(客观需要)不得不,有多种时态。It’srainingheavily,wecan’tgonow.2.疑问句MustI…?Yes,youmust.(一定)Doyouhavetogotoday?12 No,youneedn’t./youdon’thaveto.(不必)Yes,wedo.Youdon’thavetoworryaboutthat.4.need与dare用法对比点needdare1.情态v.+动词原形1)否定式2)疑问式Heneednot(needn’t)go.---Needwedoitagain?---No,youneedn’tdoitagain.Hedarenotsayso.Dareshegooutaloneatnight?HowdareyousayI’munfair?Ifhedaredothat,he’llbepunished.Idaresay.(固定用法)2.实义v.+todo1)肯定式2)否定式3)疑问式Heneedstogo.Hedoesn’t(doesnot)needtogo.Doesheneedtodoitagain?No,hedoesn’tneedotdoitagain.Hedarestosay.Hedoesnot(doesn’t)daretosay.Ifyoudaretojumpintothewaterfromhere,sodareI.3.didnotneedtodo表示过去没必要做Shedidn’tneedtoattendthemeetingyesterday,andshestayedwithherchildren.(她没有参加)5.should与oughtto用法对比点shouldoughtto1、表“应该”表劝告、建议Youshouldlistentothedoctor’sadvice.WeshouldlearnfromZhangHua.“有责任有必要”做某事Yououghttofinishyourworkbeforeyougohome.Weoughttohelpeachother.2、表“估计”Theyshouldgethomebynow.“非常可能”的事,可译为“总应该”Ifwestarttoworkrightnow,weoughttofinishitbeforelunch.注:1)should还可在虚拟语气中的使用2)注意:oughtto的疑问式及否定式---Oughthetogo?---Yes,Ithinkheoughtto.---No,heoughtn’tto.否定式:oughtn’ttodo(不说oughttonotdo)反疑问句:oughtn’t______?6.shall与will用法shallwill1.征询对方意见或请求指示,用于第一、三人称:ShallI(we)…?Shallhe(she)…?WhereshallI(we)waitforyou?1.询问对方的意思或向对方提出要求:Willyou(please)…?Won’tyou…?Wouldyouliketo...?(would替代will更客气)Won’tyougoandseethefilm?你不去看电影吗---Yes,IthinkIwill.不,我想去。2.表示说话人的“意愿”有“命令”“警告”“强制”“允诺”“决心”等,用于第二、三人称。YoushalldowhatItellyou(todo).我叫你干什么你就干什么。Everythingshallbedonetosavetheship.一定要竭尽全力来拯救这艘船。2.表示“意志”“意愿”,用于各种人称:Iwon’tdoanythingyoudon’tlike.我不会做任何你不喜欢的事。Would表示过去时间的“意志”“意愿”Shylockwouldnottakethemoneyearlier.夏洛克先前是不肯要钱的。7.usedto与would用法12 usedtowould1.表示过去的动作、状态,重在与现在情况的对比,不一定要有时间状语。Iusedtoplaycardsalot,butnowIseldomplay.Myhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe.1.只表示过去动作的重复,有明确的时间状语。IwouldgotoseemygrandfatheronSundaywhenhewasinthemiddleschool.2.would后只接表动作的动词,不接表认识或状态动词Heusedtobenervousintheexam.2.表示过去的习惯有时可互换:Whenwewereveryyoung,weusedto/wouldgoskatingeverywinter.3.表示过去的次数时,不能使用:(√)WewenttotheGreatWallfivetimeswhenwewereyoung.(X)Weusedtogo/wouldgototheGreatWallfivetimeswhenwewereyoung.注:usedtodo的否定式:usedn’ttodo或didn’tusetodo(usedn’t也可写作usen’t)疑问式:Didyouusetodo?Didn’tyouusetodo?Usedyoutodo?Usedn’tyoutodo?II情态动词表推测:1.大多数情态动词(除表‘能力、许可、意志’外),都可以表示推测,其程度有差异。按可能性程度的高低排列为:must﹥will﹥would﹥oughtto﹥should完全肯定完全可能很可能﹥can﹥could﹥may﹥might可能有可能2.区分情态动词的否定含义:maynot或许不、可能不mightnot可能不can’t不可能mustn’t不许、禁止shouldn’t不应该needn’t不必3.情态动词表推测具体运用:情态动词可以对现在、进行、过去推测。S主+情态动词+be+adj对“性质”“特征”的推测S主+情态动词+be+n对“职业”“事物”的推测S主+情态动词+动词原形对经常性行为的推测S主+情态动词+be+V-ing对进行着的行为的推测S主+情态动词+have+PP对过去的行为的推测情态动词表推测时:1、can只能用于否定句和疑问句2、must只能用于肯定句(它的否定句和疑问句其实就用can来代替了)3、如句中有情态动词+完成时,定是对过去的推测。4、句中如有表示不肯定的话语E.gIamnotsure;Idon’tknow之类,常选may/might的各种形式。4.表示反劝的特殊的表推测形式1).could+have+P.P.表示本来能做到,但事实上没有做到。Hecouldhavefinishedthetaskontime,buttheheavysnowcame.2).couldn’t+have+P.P.表示本来不能做到,但已经做到了。Shecouldnothavecoveredthewholedistance,butinfactshearrivedaheadoftime.3)needn’t+have+P.P.表示本不必做的,但已经做到了。Sheneedn’thaveattendedthemeetingyesterday,butshedid.4.)should/oughtto+have+P.P.Theplantisdead.Ishould/oughttohavegivenot12 表示该做而没有做morewater.5)shouldn’t/oughtn’tto+have+P.P.表示不该做而做了。Yououghtn’tto/shouldn’thavetakenherbikewithoutpermission.5.注意:must只能用于肯定句(它的否定句和疑问句其实就用can来代替了)1.must+have+P.P.表示对过去肯定的推测,“一定是,准是”Theroadiswet.Itmusthaverainedyesterday.2.can+have+P.P.表示对过去的推测(限于问句中)Canshehavesaidso?他可能这样说吗?3.can’t+have+P.P.表示对过去的否定推测Hecannothavesaidsuchafoolishthing.III情态动词表推测的反意疑问句1.情态动词表推测的反意疑问句,简单来说,就是以情态动词后的时态为淮,如句子里有明确的时间状语,则以其为准。2.以must为例:E.g.1.Youmustbehungrynow,aren’tyou?2.HemustbewatchingTV,isn’the?3Tommusthavelivedherforalongtime,hasn’the?4.Shemusthavearrivedyesterday,didn’tshe?注:如选择题中(以Shemusthavearrivedyesterday,didn’tshe?为例)既有didn’tshe又有hasn’tshe则以didn’tshe?为最佳答案。IV情态动词专项练习与解析一()1.You_____returnthebooknow.Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot()2.Whereismypen?I_____it.A.mightloseB.wouldhavelostC.shouldhavelostD.musthavelost()3.IwishI_____youyesterday.A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee()4.Ididn’thearthephone.I_____asleep.A.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeen()5.Ifmylawyer_____herelastSaturday,he_____mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented()6.He_____youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A.mighthavegivenB.mighthaveC.mayhavegivenD.maygive()7.Ifit_____forthesnow,we_____themountainyesterday.A.werenot;couldhaveclimbedB.werenot;couldclimbC.hadnotbeen;couldhaveclimbedD.hadnotbeen;couldclimb()8.Withoutelectricityhumanlife_____quitedifficulttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe()9.Acomputer_____thinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo.12 A.can’tB.couldn’tC.maynotD.mightnot()10.Jenny_____havekeptherword.Iwonderwhyshechangedhermind.A.mustB.shouldC.needD.would()11.We_____lastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead.A.musthavestudiedB.mightstudyC.shouldhavestudiedD.wouldstudy()12.—CouldIborrowyourdictionary?—Yes,ofcourseyou_____.A.mightB.willC.canD.should()13.Tomoughtnotto_____meyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.A.havetoldB.tellC.betellingD.havingtold()14.—Ifhe_____,he_____thatfood.—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken()15.Peter_____comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.A.mustB.mayC.canD.will()16.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI_____forher.A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitout()17.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_____,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome()18.—ShallItellJohnaboutit?—No,you_____.I’vetoldhimalready.A.needn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.shouldn’t()19.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_____.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken()20.It’snearlyseveno’clock.Jack_____behereatanymoment.A.mustB.needC.shouldD.can()21.—Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.—It_____acomfortablejourney.A.can’tbeB.shouldn’tbeC.mustn’thavebeenD.couldn’thavebeen()22.Johnny,you_____playwiththeknife,you_____hurtyourself.A.won’t;can’tB.mustn’t;mayC.shouldn’t;mustD.can’t;shouldn’t()23.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_____getout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto()24.—WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.—They_____bereadyby12:00.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need()25.—IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.—Oh,didyou?You_____withBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayed()26.—Willyoustayforlunch?—Sorry,_____.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.12 A.Imustn’tB.Ican’tC.Ineedn’tD.Iwon’t()27.—AreyoucomingtoJeff’sparty?—I’mnotsure.I_____gototheconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might()28.—Writetomewhenyougethome.—_____.A.ImustB.IshouldC.IwillD.Ican()29.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou,you_____homewithoutaword.A.mustn’tleaveB.shouldn’thaveleftC.couldn’thaveleftD.needn’tleave()30.—IsJohncomingbytrain?—Heshould,buthe_____not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.mustB.canC.needD.may专项练习(二)1.Ididn’tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.She_____atthemeeting.A.mustn’thavespokenB.shouldn’thavespokenC.needn’thavespokenD.couldn’thavespoken2.Oneought_____forwhatonehasn’tdone.A.nottobepunishedB.tonotbepunishedC.tonotpunishedD.notbepunished3.Ifyoureallywantyourselftobeingoodhealth,youmust___always___somuch.A.not;besmokingB.not;havesmokedC.not;tosmokeD.benot;smoking4.Withsomuchworkonhand,you_____toseethegamelastnight.A.mustn’tgoB.shouldn’tgoC.couldn’thavegoneD.shouldn’thavegone5.MostofthestudentsfeltratherdisappointedattheEnglishparty.Theysaythatit______betterorganized.A.hadbeenB.hadtobeC.musthavebeenD.couldhavebeen6.I’msurprisedthathe_____intheexam.A.shouldfailB.wouldhavefailedC.mayhavefailedD.shouldhavefailed7.Thelittlegirl_____therealone.A.notdaregoB.daresnotgoC.darenotgoD.darenottogo8.“Mustwedoitnow?”“No,you_____.”A.won’tB.needn’tC.can’tD.don’t9.Hesaidhewouldrathernot_____itrightnow.A.doingB.todoC.doD.tobedoing10.You_____tothemeetingthisafternoonifyouhavesomethingimportanttodo.A.needn’ttocomeB.don’tneedcomeC.don’tneedcomingD.needn’tcome11.Putonmoreclothes.You_____befeelingcoldwithonlyashirton.A.canB.couldC.wouldD.must12.I_____playfootballthanbaseball.A.wouldratherB.hadbetterC.likebetterD.prefer12 13.Ithoughtyou_____likesomethingtoread,soIhavebroughtyousomebooks.A.mayB.mightC.couldD.must14.Therewasplentyoftimes.She_____.A.mustn’thavehurriedB.couldn’thavehurriedC.mustnothurryD.needn’thavehurried15.Theplantisdead.I_____itmorewater.A.willgiveB.wouldhavegivenC.mustgiveD.shouldhavegiven16.You_____returnthebooknow.Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot17.It’sstillearly,you_____.A.mustn’thurryB.wouldn’thurryC.maynothurryD.don’thavetohurry18.Pleaseopenthewindow,_____?A.can’tyouB.aren’tyouC.doyouD.willyou19.We_____forherbecauseshenevercame.A.mustn’thavewaitedB.shouldn’thavewaitedC.mustn’twaitD.needn’twait20.—MayIstophere?—No,you_____.A.mustn’tB.mightnotC.needn’tD.won’t21.It’safineday.Let’sgofishing,_____.A.won’tweB.willweC.don’tweD.shallwe22.Ididn’tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.She_____atthemeeting.A.mustn’thavespokenB.shouldn’thavespokenC.needn’thavespokenD.couldn’thavespoken23.—Pleasedon’tmakeanoise.—_____.I’llbeasquietasamouse.A.Yes,Iwon’tB.No,Iwon’tC.No,IwillD.Yes,Iwill24.Theyoungmanhasmadesomuchnoisethathe_____nothavebeenallowedtoattendtheconcert.A.couldB.mustC.wouldD.should25.—WhereisJohn?—He_____inthelibrary.A.shouldbeB.mustbeC.canbeD.musthavebeen26.Sincetheroadiswetthismorning,_____lastnight.A.itmustrainB.itmustberainingC.itmusthaverainedD.itmusthavebeenrain27.—Willyourbrotherstayhometonight?—I’mnotquitesure.He_____tothecinematonight.A.mustgoB.cangoC.maygoD.maybegoing28.She’salreadytwohourslate.What______toher?A.canhavehappenedB.mayhavehappenedC.shouldhavehappenedD.musthappen29.Youmustbeawriter,_____?A.mustn’tyouB.areyouC.mustyouD.aren’tyou30.Igotupearlythatmorning,butI_____sobecauseIhadnoworktodo.A.mustn’thavedoneB.didn’tneedtodo12 C.needn’thavedoneD.can’thavedone31.He_____havecomehereyesterday,buthedidn’t.A.couldB.shouldC.oughttoD.alltheabove32.Imissedthelastbus,soI_____gohomeonfoot.A.mustB.havetoC.mayD.hadto33.Heoughttowinthefirstprize,_____he?A.oughtn’tB.shouldn’tC.mustn’tD.bothAandB34.Everyone_____dohisbestforthemodernizationsofourcountry.A.canB.mayC.shouldD.might35.Let’scleanourclassroom,_____?A.willyouB.don’tweC.shallweD.doyou36.Letusplaybasketball,______?A.willyouB.don’tweC.shallweD.doyou37.Heaskedmeforthisbookmanytimes.Pleasetellhimthathe_____haveittomorrow.A.mustB.mayC.shallD.bothBandC38.“Yourphonenumberagain?I_____quitecatchit.”“It’s9568442.”A.didn’tB.couldn’tC.don’tD.can’t39.Mother_____usstorieswhenwewerechildren.A.wasusedtotellB.isusedtotellingC.usedtotellD.usedtotelling40.Shewouldrather_____moremoneyonbooks_____onclothes.A.cost…notB.tospare…don’tC.pay…thanD.spend…than专项练习(三)1.—HasLiLinstarted?Hesaidhewouldjoinintheparty.—He______.Heisamanofkeepinghisword.A.couldhaveleft B.musthaveleft  C.can’tcome  D.won’tbecoming2.—MayIparkmycarhere?—No,you______.Nocarisallowedtoparkhere.A.maynot   B.needn’t    C.mustn’t  D.daren’t3.—Excuseme,couldyoutellmewheretheYajiaSupermarketis?—It’stwoblocksstraightahead.You______missit.A.mustn’t  B.can’t  C.needn’t  D.shouldn’t4.—IsawMr.SunatTongyuStationthismorning.—You______.He’sstillonholidayinHawaii.A.couldn’thave B.mustn’thave  C.shouldn’t  D.needn’t5.—HowaboutpayingavisittoDr.Wang,ourformerChineseteacher?—Goodidea.Iwille-mailhimtodaysothathe______know______toexpectus.A.shall;why  B.could;whenC.would;what  D.will;how6.Everythinghastwosides.Beautifulsongs,sometimes,______bejustnoisetoothers.A.must  B.may  C.should  D.could7.Someone______myumbrella.Ifounditwetyesterday.A.mustbeusing B.musthaveused C.mustuse  D.musthavebeenusing8.—Howdangerousitwas!—Yes,butforthepasser-by’squickaction,thegirl______.A.wasdrowned  B.couldhavebeendrownedC.haddrowned  D.shouldbedrowned9.You______scoldsuchapupilwhoalwayskeepssilentsoseriouslythatyou______hurthim.A.should;can  B.may;will  C.mustn’t;may D.can’t;must10.—WhydoesAliceknowsomuchaboutAngkorWat?—She______havebeenthere,or...12 A.must  B.oughtn’tto  C.may   D.can’t11.—Youmaylaugh,butI’vebeenthinkingofbecomingavegetarian.—Oh,you______becrazy.Youwillbehungryallthetime.A.must   B.may   C.will   D.need12.—What’sthematterwithyou?—Oh,I’mnotfeelingwellinthestomach.I______somuchfriedfishjustnow.A.shouldn’teat  B.mustn’thaveeaten  C.shouldn’thaveeaten D.mustn’teat13.—______hehavebeenchosenascaptainofthefootballteam?—Yes,he______.A.Can;musthave  B.Must;musthave  C.Can;must   D.Must;must14.Mr.Zhang______inShanghaitomorrowmorning.A.canhavearrived  B.willhavearrived  C.mayhavearrived  D.musthavearrived15.MissWangstartedat8o’clock,andshe______betherenow.A.should   B.can   C.can’t   D.need16.—ItmustbeMr.Liwhodidit.—No,it______beMr.Li.A.mustn’t   B.wouldn’t   C.can’t   D.may17.You______finishreadingthebookassoonaspossible.A.may   B.can   C.need   D.should18.—Needyougotoworknow?—Yes,I______.A.must   B.need   C.can   D.dare19.Yourtrousersaredirty.______themforyou?A.ShallIwash  B.WillIwashC.AmIgoingtowash D.AmIwashing情态动词专项练习与解析一【练习解析】1.C从原题中Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike这一信息句可知,“你不必现在还”。2.D从原题中Whereismypen?这一信息句可告诉考生,“笔丢了”,丢的动作是过去发生的。因此用must+havedone表示对过去事实的肯定猜测。3.C原题中的yesterday这一信息词告诉考生,在wish后的宾语从句中,用过去完成时,表示与过去事实相反的愿望。4.B从原题中的Ididn’thearthephone.这一信息可以判断出,用musthavedone表示过去事实的准确的肯定猜测。5.A从原题中lastSaturday这一信息词可知,条件句中用表示与过去事实相反的过去完成时,主句用would+havedone。6.Amighthave+过去分词,在次是虚拟语气,表示“本来可以给你更多的帮助”,而事实则是帮助较少。7.C从原题中的yesterday这一信息词暗示考生,该句应选用与过去事实相反的过去完成时,Ifithadnotbeenfor…“要不是因为……”。8.D原题中的Withoutelectricity相当于一个条件句:Iftherewerenoelectricity,故主句用humanlifewouldbequitedifficulttoday.9.Acan可以表示一种客观上的能力,本句can’t,表示“不能,不会”。10.B从原题总的“Iwonderwhyshechangedhermind”“我不知道为何他改变了主意了。”这句话告诉考生Janny没有守诺言。因此,用should+havedone,表示“过去本应该做某事,而实际上没有做”。11.C可参看10题。意思是:“昨晚本应该学习,但是却去听音乐会了。”12.C12 原题中的could不是过去时,而表示一种委婉、客气的礼貌用语。因此用could提问时,用can回答。同样用would,might提问,用will和may回答。[注意]①—Wouldyouratherdosuchathing?—Yes,Iwould.②—Wouldyoulikesometea?—Yes,Iwould.这两个对话中的wouldrather,wouldlike是惯用法,故不能用will来回答。因为在这两个句型中,will不能去替换would。13.A可参看10、15题。该句意思是:“汤姆本来不该告诉我你的秘密,但他没有伤害你的意思。”oughtnottohavedone=shouldn’thavedone14.B从答语中的Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately这一信息句可提示考生,条件句应填表示与过去事实相反的时态。15.B从原题中的butheisn’tverysureyet这一信息句可暗示考生,Peter当晚来的可能性不大。A是“准来,肯定来”,D是“将要来”。16.C可参看10、11、13题。“本应该”而事实上没有……17.D从原题中Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting和后文shewouldhavemetmybrother这两个信息句可知,if条件句中应填与过去事实相反的过去完成时。可参看6、7、14题。18.A你不必告诉他。因为I’vetoldhimalready这一信息句已暗示考生了。19.C当asif引导虚拟语气的句子是,如果主句与从句中的谓语词所表达的动作同时发生时,asif后接一般过去时。例如:Hewalkedasifhewerelame.如果从句中的谓语动作发生个在主句谓语动作之前,则用过去完成时。例如:Hetalkedasifhehadknownthesecret.不论主句中的谓语是现在时还是过去时。20.C只要考生抓住nearly一词和后文atanymoment(随时的意思)这两个信息词语,就能很快选出C项,表示逻辑推测,意思是“快七点钟了,杰克一会儿就该到了。”21.D根据句意,是对过去情况的推测。“当时决不可能是一次舒服的乘车。”must表示对过去的推测只能用于肯定句。22.Bmustn’t表示“禁止”;may表示“有可能”。句子的意思是:“你不可以玩刀,可能会伤你自己。”23.D该题在考考生could与wasableto之间的区别。Wasableto表示在困难的情况下,经过一番周折而“能……”,并且成功地做了。24.B该题考查情态动词should表推测的用法。Can和might都可以表示可能性,用might则语气更加不肯定。Need表示“需要”、“必需”。Should可以表示推测,结合实际,合乎逻辑,意为“应当”、“该”。根据第一个说话者说的Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon的语境,可以确定正确答案为B。25.A该题在考查“情态动词+不定式的完成式”的用法,从会话的语境看,空白处应填“could+have+过去分词”表示过去本来能做到的事而事实上没有做到。26.B该题考查表示请求的英语口语,用will来向第二人称提问的疑问结构,是表达一种意愿和请求,是以疑问的形式来表达较为婉转的祈使语气,意思是“请你……,好吗?”,对于这种问句的肯定答语可用Sure!Certainly!Yes,ofcourse.I’dbegladto等;否定回答通常是I’msorry,Ican’t.No,I’mafraidIcan’t.I’msorry,but…I‘dliketo,but…等。27.Dmight表示“可能性”。28.C意思是“我会的”。对祈使句的肯定回答。29.Bshouldn’thavedone为本来不该做某事,而事实上做了。30.D用maynot可表示“可能不”。而cannot则表示断然的否定推测“不可能”。A,C意思不符。专项练习二答案与解析1.D.must表示推测时不用于否定句;shouldn’thavedonesth.表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”;needn’thavedonesth.表示“本来不必做某事而实际上做了”;couldn’thavedonesth.表示“不可能做过某事”。根据题意,选D。2.A.情态动词ought后要接带to的不定式,oughttodo的否定式是oughtnottodo,所以答案是A。12 3.A.mustnotalwaysbedoingsth.表示“不要老是做谋事”,含有埋怨、指责、反感等感情色彩。4.D.题中的A项和B项都指现在情况;couldn’thavegone表示“不可能去过”;shouldn’thavegone表示“本不应该去而实际上去了”。根据题意,选D。5.D.couldhavedonesth.表示“本来能够做某事而实际上未能做成”。6.D.should可用于表示惊奇、感叹、不满等感情色彩的句子,如指过去的动作,则要用shouldhavedonesth.Would和may通常不带感情色彩。7.C.题中的dare是情态动词,后接不带to的不定式,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。8.B.must开头的疑问句,否定答语用needn’t或don’thaveto。9.C.wouldrather通常也视为情态动词(组),后接动词原形,其否定形式为wouldrathernot。10.D.need作为情态动词,其否定形式为needn’t;作实义动词时,其否定形式为don’t(doesn’t)needtodo。11.D.must用在肯定句中表推测时,语气比could,would等肯定得多。此处“must+不定式进行式”表“想必正在……”之意。12.A.wouldrather…than…,意为“宁愿(做)……而不(做)……”。13.B.由句意可知,这是对过去发生的事情不太有把握的推测。14.D.needn’thavedone意为“过去不必做而做了某事”。15.D.shouldhavedone表示“过去应该做而没有做某事”。16.C.can’t(不能),mustn’t(不准),maynot(不可以),均不合题意。17.D.don’thaveto=needn’t18.D.will用在第二人称的疑问句中,为询问(或征求)对方的意愿或向对方提出请求之意。19.B.shouldnothavedone表示“过去不应该做而做了某事”,含有“后悔”、“责备”、“劝告”,“批评”之意。20.A.may开头的疑问句,否定答语常用mustn’t。21.D.疑问句中shall用于第一、三人称,用来征询对方的意见。22.D.推测“她不可能在会上发言”,must表示推测时,不能用于否定句中。23.B.will在此处表示“意志(向)”。24.D.shouldnothavedone表示“过去不应该做而做了某事”,含有“后悔”、“责备”、“劝告”,“批评”之意。25.B.mustdo表示对现在的事实进行推测。26.C.musthavedone用于对过去发生的事情进行推测,且较有把握。27.C.表示推测时,must比may语气肯定。28.A.can表推测,只用于否定句和疑问句中。29.D.must表示推测时,其后的反意问句有两种情况:①对现存状态(现在的事实)进行推测时,反意疑问句中动词用其一般现在形式。②对过去发生的事情进行推测时,若有表过去的时间状语,反意问句用动词的过去式。30.C.needn’thavedone表示“过去不必做而做了某事”,若表示“不必做某事(且实际上未做)“则用”didn’t/don’t/doesn’tneedto.”31.D.A表示“本能够”,B,C表“本应该”。32.D.haveto表示客观上要求做某事,must表示主观上认为必须做某事。33.D.oughtto的反意问句应用oughtn’t或shouldn’t开头。34.C.should含“按理应该做……”、“有义务做……”之意。35.C.Let’s中的us一般包括对方在内。36.A.Letus中的us一般不包括对方在内。37.D.may和shall均可表“允诺”。12 38.A.由句后得知句意为“我开始没听清楚对方的电话号码”,为对过去的事实或发生动作的表述。39.C.usedtodo“过去(常)做某事”,beusedtodoing“习惯于做某事”。40.D.wouldrather后接动词原形。Spend…onsth.为常用结构。w.w.w.g.k.x.x.c.o.m专项练习三答案及解析:1.B。从Heisamanofkeepinghisword中可以看出,李林肯定已经出发来参加聚会了,这是对已经发生的事情非常肯定的推测,故用musthavedone。注意must表推测时,不能用于否定句和疑问句中。2.C。此题考查以情态动词提问的一般疑问句的回答。在英语中,以某些情态动词提问的句子,出于礼貌委婉或句意的需要,回答时,要换用另一个情态动词。在回答must开头的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don’thaveto;在回答may开头的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用may,否定回答用mustn’t;在回答need开头的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t。3.B。根据题意,此处需要表示“推测”的否定结构,故can’t为正确答案。4.A。这是一个省略句,couldn’thavedone表示对过去发生的动作的否定推测,意为“不可能……”。5.B。这是一个综合题。本题sothat后的目的状语从句中的谓语动词要用“情态动词(may/might/can/could)+动词原形”。Whentoexpectus表示“我们什么时候可到达”。“疑问词+不定式”结构在句中作know的宾语。6.B。由sometimes可知,此处应用表示可能性不大的情态动词,即may。7.B。由后句可知,这是对过去发生的事情的肯定推测,故B项正确。8.B。butfor的意思是“要不是”,语法功能上等同于if引导的否定虚拟条件句,因前句中Howdangerousitwas可知应与过去事实相反。9.C。mustn’t表示“不准许”,may表示可能性,所以C正确。10.C。句意:她或许到过那里,或者……。or...是重要的信息,说明还有其他的可能性。A的说法太绝对,与or...提供的信息冲突。11.A。must表示的把握最大,may表示有可能,need不表示推测,will表示将来。根据句意可知A正确,表明对对方的不理解和责备,语气比较坚决。12.C。shouldn’thavedone表示“本不该做……,但实际上却做了”。13.A。疑问句中可以用can,肯定句用must。14.B。will+havedone,表示对将来必然进程的猜测。15.A。should表示主观性猜测,译为“应该”。16.C。can’t表示否定的猜测,侧重于主观判断,译为“决不会;不可能”。17.D。should表示劝告某人应该做某事。18.A。need引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答应用must。19.A。ShallI...?是征求对方意见时常用的句型。12