中考英语语法考点精练(浓缩版)16开 42页

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形似复数，但意义上是单数，它们作主语时，谓语用单数）三、翻译下面短语(名词的所有格)一）1、汤姆的衬衫______________________________2、狗的鼻子_____________________二）1、学生阅览室______________________________2、老师办公室____________________三)1、妇女节__________________________________2、儿童公园_______________________四）1、吉姆和汤姆的房间（共有）_________________________________________________2、吉姆和汤姆的房间(不共有)____________________________________________________五）1、在我叔叔家______________________________2、去医务室______________________3、去理发店__________________________________4、去陈家_________________________六）1、日本的首都____________________________2、公民公园的门口__________________3、这棵树的叶子_______________________________________________________________(注：指时间、距离、地点的无生命的名词也可加’s表示所有格。如：halfanhour‘stalk;tenminutes‘walk;Shanghai‘sfactories)1中考英语语法考点专题训练4、她父母亲的一个朋友__________________________5、我的两本书___________________七）1、两块面包________________________________2、三杯牛奶______________________3、五袋大米___________________________________4、八张纸________________________三、选择题：()1、There____lotsofsugarintheshop.A、areB、isC、were()2、Look,theboy’sclothes_____dirty.A、areB、isC、were()3、Thatpairofglasses_________tooexpensiveformetobuy.A、isB、areC、were()4、Ithinkmaths______noteasytolearn.A、isB、areC、were()5、TomandBob’sroom______bigandbright.A、wereB、isC、are()6、These_________havesavedmanychildren’slives.A.womandoctorsB.womendoctorC.womendoctorsD.womandoctor()7、Thisis_________bedroom.Thetwinsisterslikeitverymuch.A.AnneandJaneB.Anne’sandJane’sC.Anne’sandJaneD.AnneandJane’s()8、---Arethereany________onthefarm?.---Yes,therearesome.A.horseB.duckC.chickenD.sheep()9、---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,________ororange?---Orange,please.A.hamburgerB.chipC. tea()10、---Wherehaveyoubeen,Tim?---I’vebeento______.A.theHenryhouseB.theHenryfamilyC.TheHenry’shomeD.Henry’s()11、---Theyarethirsty.Willyoupleasegivethem______?---Certainly.A.somebottlesofwatersB.somebottlesofwaterC.somebottleofwaterD.somebottleofwaters()12、Mikehurtoneofhis______intheaccidentyesterday.A.toothB.feetC.handD.ear()13、Thereissome_______ontheplate.A.cakesB.meatC.potatoD.pears()14、InEngland,thelastnameisthe_______.A.familynameB.middleC.givennameD.fullname()15、The_______aregoingtoflytoBeijing.A.GermenB.GermanyC.GermanysD.Germans()16、The______hastwo_______.A.boys;watchesB.boy;watchC.boy;watchesD.boys;watch()17、Thelittlebabyhastwo_______already.A.toothB.toothsC.teethD.teeths()18、What’syour_______forbeinglateagain?2中考英语语法考点专题训练A.ideaB.keyC.excuseD.news()19、---It’sdangeroushere.We’dbettergooutquickly.---ButIthinkweshouldlet_______gooutfirst.A.womanandchildrenB.womenandchildC.womanandchildD.womenandchildren()20、Aretheygoingtohaveapicnicon_______?A.Children’sDayB.Childrens’sDayC.ChildrensDayD.ChildrenDay数词熟记：（找规律）firstoneeleveneleventhsecondtwotwelvetwelfthtwentytwentieththirdthreethirteenthirteenththirtythirtiethfourthfourfourteenfourteenthfortyfortiethfifthfivefifteenfifteenthfiftyfiftiethsixthsixsixteensixteenthsixtysixtiethseventhsevenseventeenseventeenthseventyseventietheightheighteighteeneighteentheightyeightiethninthninenineteennineteenthninetyninetiethtenthten1、1——20 之间的基数词，变为序数词时应注意：eight——eighth；nine——ninth；five——fifth；twelve——twelfth(熟记口诀：8加h，9去e加th；5和12变ve为f加th)2、多位数变成序词：twenty—one变为twenty—first；forty—six变为forty—sixth；onehundredandfifty—five变为onehundredandfifty—fifth3、下面的表示都用基数词。1）表示编号用基数词：Lesson2,Page25,Exercise4,Room204,No.103MiddleSchool，BusNo.3282）表示钟点：6：05—sixfive；4：15—fourfifteen；9：30—ninethirty3）表示年：1999—nineteenninety—nine；2002—twothousandandtwo4、下面的表示都用序数词。1）日：三月二日——March2或March2nd，读作Marchthesecond2）世纪：二十世纪——thetwentiethcentury；二十一世纪——thetwenty—firstcentury(注：在20世纪90年代——inthe1990s读作inthenineteennineties)5、表示分数时，分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时，分母加-s。例如：threefourths；onesecond；twofifths一、选择题()1、Thisis________visittoChia.A、secondB、mythesecondC、mysecond()2、Thispictureisquiteold.Wecanstillseeitwasdrawnin______century.3中考英语语法考点专题训练A、sixteenthB、thesixteenC、thesixteenth()3、Theboyalwaysstaytherefor________A、oneandhourB、oneandahalfhourC、oneandhalfhoursD、oneandahalfhours()4、_____GermanscometovisitChinaeveryyear。A、ThousandofB、ThousandsofC、ThousandsD、Twothousands()5、Thisisthekeyto____.A、Room202B、the202RoomC、Room202thD、the202thRoom()6、HestudiesatNo.______MiddleSchool.A、2B、2ndC、2thD、the2()7、Saturdayisthe________dayoftheweek.A、lastB、firstC、sixth()8、About________studentsinourclasscandescribethatplaceinEnglish.A.threefifthsB.threefifthC.thirdfiveD.third-fifths()9、Nine_______poundsaweek?That’sverygood.A.hundredofB.hundredsofC.hundredsD.hundred代词1、1）人称代词单数主格和对应的宾格：I—me,you—you,he—him,she—her,it—it2）人称代词复数主格和对应的宾格：we—us,you—you ,they—them2、1）形容词性物主代词单数和对应的名词性物主代词单数：my—mine,your—yours,his—his,her—hers,its—its2）形容词性物主代词复数和对应的名词性物主代词复数：our—ours,your—yours,their—theis3、1）反身代词单数：myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself2）反身代词复数：ourselves,yourselves,themselves，4、指示代词：this,that,these,those5、不定代词：some,any；many,much；few,little；all,both；either,neither；any,none；other,another；each,every；6、由some,any,every,加body,one,thing构成的复合不定代词：somebody；someone；something；anybody；anyone,anything；nobody；no,one；nothing；everybody；everyone；everything(它们作主语时谓语要用单数)7、特殊疑问代词：what,which,whose,who(可作主语和宾语)whom(只作宾语)一、选择题()1、Iboughtaniceshirtfor_________.A、himselfB、heC、him()2、Tomisafriendof_________.A、meB、mineC、my()3、Shehasn’tbrought_________penwithher.Willyoulendher__________?A、her,yourB、her,yoursC、hers,yours()4、Canyourbrotherlookafter__________?A、himselfB、himC、herself()5、Pleasehelp________tosomechicken,Children.A、yourselfB、yourselvesC、you()6、Thejacketistooshort,pleaseshowme_____________.A、otherB、anotherC、one4中考英语语法考点专题训练()7、Very_______ofthemknewthehotel.A、afewB、fewC、little()8、Heisalwaysreadytohelp____________.A、anotherB、othersC、theothers()9、_________ofthemhasacomputer.A、EachB、EveryC、Both()10、Thereareforty—eightpupilsintheclass,______ofthemareYoungPioneers.A、allB、BothC、None()11、Thereareshopson_____sideofthestreet.A、eitherB、bothC、all()12、GrandpaLintoldmetwostories,but_______ofthemisinteresting.A、bothB、eitherC、neither()13、MrZhangteaches_______English.A、ourB、usC、ourselves()14、Isthere________Icandoforyou？A、somethingB、anythingC、nothing()15、Haveyougot______todorightnow？A、elseanythingB、somethingelseC、anythingelse()16、LeiFeiasked_____forreturnwhenhelpingothers .A、everythingB、anythingC、nothing()17、Heisnotakind—heartedman,_____peoplecangetonwellwithhim。A、FewB、QuiteafewC、little()18、Don’ttellothersaboutthat.Thisisonlybetween__________.A、youandIB、meandyouC、youandme()19、Thelittlegirlcandress_________,thoughsheisyoung.A、herB、sheC、herself()20、Canyoutellme_______sheiswaitingfor？A、whoseB、whoC、why()21、Ihavetwosisters,__________isadoctor,and_______isanurse。A、one,theotherB、another,theotherC、one,theothers()22、Thereare50studentsinourclass,28studentsareboys,_______aregirls。A、theotherB、theothersC、others()23、Mary,pleaseshow________yourpicture.A.myB.mineC.ID.me()24、---What’sonTVtonight?Isthere_________interesting?---I’mafraidnot.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything()25、________ofthemhashisownopinion.A.BothB.SomeC.EveryD.Each()26、---Whereismypen?---Oh,sorry.Ihavetaken_______bymistake.A.yoursB.hisC.mineD.hers()27、TheEnglishnovelisquiteeasyforyou.Thereare______newwordsinit.A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.few()28、---Youwant________sandwich?---Yes,IusuallyeatalotwhenI’mhungry.A.otherB.anotherC.othersD.theother5中考英语语法考点专题训练()29、ThedoctorsandnursesaredoingtheirbesttofightSARS.Theythinkmoreofothersthan_______.A.theyB.themC.themselvesD.theirs()30、---Whichdoyouprefer,abottleoforangeorabottleofmilk?---______________,thanks.I’dlikeacupoftea.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None()31、---CanIcomethiseveningortomorrowmorning?---_______isOK.I’mfreetodayandtomorrow.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None()32、---Howareyougoingtoimprove_______thisterm?---Workharderthanlast term.A.ourselvesB.myselfC.himselfD.yourself()33、Ifyouwanttobookaround-tripticket,you’llhavetopay______$30.A.moreB.otherC.theotherD.another()34、Whotaught_______Englishlastterm?Was_____Mr.Smith?A.you;itB.you;heC.your;itD.your;that()35、Thatwomanhasabaginherrighthand.What’sinher_____hand?A.anotherB.otherC.oneD.theother()36、Wedecidedtogoforafieldtripwithsomefriendsof_______.A.usB.ourC.oursD.ourselves形容词、副词一）下面的形容词、副词变为比较级、最高级。1、cold_______________________slow________________________clever_______________________2、able_______________________simple________________________large_______________________3、dry_______________________heavy_________________________happy______________________4、big_______________________hot_________________________red_________________________sad________________thin_____________________wet__________________二）1、difficult___________________________important_________________2、_3、clearly__________________________________friendly____________________________4、5、6、三）6中考英语语法考点专题训练(older,oldest)(表示年龄)__________________________________old(eldereldest)(表示辈分)___________________________________表示距离)___________________________________________far(furtherfurthest)(表示程度)____________________ _____________________四）基本句型1、as+原级+as,和„„一样„„2、notas/so+原级+as,和„„不一样„„3、比较级+than,比„„更„„4、the+最高级+in/of/among5、比较级+and+比较级,越来越„„6、the+比较级,the+比较级,越„„,越„„(注意：1)比较级前，可以用much/far（„„得多），alittle/bit„„一点)，still（还要，更），even甚至，更„„；还„„)来修饰；2）还可用“名词（或数词）词组+比较级”来表示“比„„相差多少”）五）副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：1)时间副词时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now,today,tomorrow,yesterday,before,late,early等。例如：Heoftencomestoschoollate.Whatarewegoingtodotomorrow?2)地点副词地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here,there,inside,outside,home,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere,down,up,off,on,in,out等。例如：Imetanoldfriendofmineonmywayhome.Hewentupstairs.Putdownyournamehere.3)方式副词方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的副词，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的,有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly,它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：badly,bravely,carefully,proudly,suddenly,successfully,angrily,happily,该划线部分的单词,它们的形容词和副词形式相同)等。例如：Theoldmanwalkedhomeslowly.Pleaselistentotheteachercarefully.Thebirdsareflyinghigh.7中考英语语法考点专题训练Herunsveryfast.4)程度副词程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much,(a)little,abit,very,so,too,enough,quite,rather,pretty, greatly,completely,nearly,almost,deeply,hardly,partly等。例如：Herpronunciationisverygood.Shesingsquitewell.Icanhardlyagreewithyou.5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how,when,where,why等。例如：Howareyougettingalongwithyourstudies?Wherewereyouyesterday?Whydidyoudothat?(2)副词在句中的位置1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。例如：MrSmithworksveryhard.ShespeaksEnglishwell.2)频度副词never,seldom,sometimes,often,usually,always等作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。例如：Heusuallygetsupearly.I’veneverheardhimsinging.Sheisseldomill.3)程度副词very,pretty,quite,rather,enough等一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面,但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如：Itisaratherdifficultjob.Herunsveryfast.Hedidn’tworkhardenough.4)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：Onmywayhome,Imetmyuncle.Thestudentstherehavealotoftimetodotheirownresearchwork.(3)部分常用副词的用法1)very,much这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如：SheisaverynicegirlI’mfeelingmuchbetternow.Much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。例如：Idon’tliketheideamuch.Theydidnottalkmuch.2)too,either8中考英语语法考点专题训练这两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如：Shecandance,andIcandance,too.Ihaven’treadthebookandmybrotherhasn’t,either.3)already, yetalready一般用于语肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如：Hehasalreadyleft.Haveyouheardfromhimyet?Hehasn’tansweredyet.4)so,neitherso和neither都可用于倒装句，但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。例如：MybrotherlikesfootballandsodoI.Mybrotherdoesn’tlikedancingandneitherdoI.一、选择填空()1、Janedancesvery_________.A、niceB、wellC、wonderful()2、Itisraining_________outside.A、hardB、heavyC、big()3、Thereissomething________withthefridge.A、illB、sickC、wrong()4、Wearelivinga________life.A、gladB、wellC、happy()5、Iliketravelling,andmybrother________liketraveling.A、tooB、eitherC、also()6、Wearehavinga__________footballmatch.A、friendB、friendlyC、kind()7、Isyouryoungersister_______togotoschool？A、oldenoughB、notenoughC、enoughold()8、Youmustbe_________whenyoudroveacar.A、carefullyB、carefulC、care()9、Thisisthe______interestingpictureofthefive.A、moreB、mostC、almost()10、whichsubjectdoyoulike__________Chinense,mathsorhistory？A、bestB、betterC、more()11、Thecomputersarebecoming_________.A、usefulerandusefulerB、moreandmoreusefulC、moreusefulandmoreuseful()12、Maryis_______thanIily,butsheis___________asLily.A、short,sostrongB、shorter,asstrongC、shorter,asstronger()13、Jackis________thanhiselderbrother.A、youngerthreeyearsB、threeyearsyoungC、threeyearsyounger()14、Weshoulddoourbesttohelp________.A、ThepoorB、poorC、thepoors()15、Thisisthe_______museumthatIhaveevervisited.A、largeB、lateC、largest()16、Shewastenminutes________forthemeetingyesterday.A、laterB、lateC、latest()17、Thefoodinthisrestauranttastes________.Soweoftengotherefordinner.A、goodB、wellC、badD、badly()18、Thoughhehaslivedinthatbighouse_______foralongtime,heneverfeels____. 9中考英语语法考点专题训练A、alone,lonelyB、alone,aloneC、lonely,aloneD、lonely,lonely()19、Aftertakingthemedicine,hefeelseven________.A、badB、badlyC、worseD、worst()20、ThepopulationofChinaislargerthan________ofanyothercountryintheword.A、thatB、oneC、it()22、_______youeat，_______youwillbe.A、more，fatterB、Themore，fatterC、more,thefatterD、Themore,thefatter()23、Thebookshopis________,Let’sgoandbuysomebooks.A、openB、openedC、closed()24、Iwillbebackas______aspossible.A、quickB、soonC、fast()24、Whata________coughhehas!Heseems_________ill。A、terrible,terriblyB、terribly,terribeC、terribe,terribe()25、Theoldmanlefthissonlotsofmoneyafterhe____________.A、diedB、deadC、death()26、Haveyouseenthatpicture？It’s________one.A、quiteaniceB、aquiteniceC、verya()27、MissZhaoisoneof_________teachersinourschool.A、popularB、morepopularC、themostpopular()28、Weare________thematch.A、sureofwinB、suretowinC、sureandwin()29、JackwillgotoAustraliafor__________studynextyear.A、fatherB、furtherC、thefathesst()30、Childreninthemoderntimesare_________than________inthepast.A、happier,thatB、happy,thoseC、happier,those()31、---Whichis________,thesun,themoonortheearth?---Ofcoursethemoonis.A.smallB.smallerC.smallestD.thesmallest()32、Hehasmade_______progressthistermthanbefore.A.littleB.lessC.fewerD.much()33、---Whatdeliciouscakes!---Theywouldtaste_______withbutter.A.goodB.betterC.badD.worse()34、Bobneverdoeshishomework________Mary.Hemakeslotsofmistakes.A.socarefulasB.ascarefullyasC.carefullyasD.ascarefulas()35、---It’ssocoldtoday.---Yes,it’sthanitwasyesterday.A.morecoldB.morecolderC.muchcolderD. cold()36、LittleTomhasfriends,soheoftenplaysalone.10中考英语语法考点专题训练A.moreB.alittleC.manyD.few()37、Sheisn’tsoatmathsasyouare.A.wellB.goodC.betterD.best()38、Heisenoughtocarrytheheavybox.A.strongerB.muchstrongerC.strongD.thestrongest()39、Iboughtexercise-bookswithmoney.A.afew;afewB.afew;alittleC.alittle;afewD.alittle;alittle()40、Theboxisheavyforthegirlcarry.A.too;toB.to;tooC.so;thatD.no;to()41、Theiceinthelakeisaboutonemeter.It’sstrongenoughtoskateon.A.longB.highC.thickD.wide()42、WuLinranfasterthantheotherboysinthesportsmeeting.A.soB.muchC.veryD.too()43、Thesmileonmyfather’sfaceshowedthathewas______withme.A.sadB.pleasedC.angryD.sorry()44、---Mum,couldyoubuymeadresslikethis?---Certainly,wecanbuy______onethanthis,but______this.A.abetter;betterthanB.aworse;asgoodasC.acheaper;asgoodasD.amoreimportant;goodas()45、---Thisdigitalcameraisreallycheap!---The______thebetter.I’mshortofmoney,yousee.A.cheapB.cheaperC.expensiveD.moreexpensive()46、Englishpeople_____useMrbeforeaman’sfirstname.A.neverB.usuallyC.oftenD.sometimes()47、---Rememberthis,children.______carefulyouare,______mistakesyouwillmake.---Weknow,MissGao.A.Themore;themoreB.Thefewer;themoreC.Themore;thefewerD.Theless;theless()48、Ihave________todotoday.A.anythingimportantB.somethingimportantC.importantnothingD.importantsomething冠词一、熟记下面的短语：1、带a的短语：abitof,afew,akindof,alittle,alotof,amumberof,apairof,apieceof,goforawalk,halfanhour,haveagoodtime,haveameetingrestswimtalkwalk,holdameeting,makeamistake,onceuponatime,takearestseatwalk,takea boatbustaxi.2、带the的短语：allthetime,allthesame,bytheway,gotothecinema,intheend,inthemiddleof,ontheway.3、不带athe的短语：allkindsof,atbreakfast,atfirst,athome,atlast,atleast,atmost,atonce,atschool,atwork,bybuscarplanetrainshipair,gotobedschoolsleep,havebreakfastlunchsupper,havelessonsclasses,havesports,infrontof,makefriendswith,on11中考英语语法考点专题训练foot,ontime,takepartin.(注：inthemorningafternoonevening,ontheleftright,inthemiddleof,thedayaftertomorrow,thedaybeforeyesterday.)二、选择正确的答案()1、Itseemstobe________interestingbook.A、aB、theC、an()2、Billis_________computerengineer.A、xB、aC、the()3、______boyislookingforyou.A、AB、TheC、x()4、Weworkfivedays__________week.A、XB、theC、a()5、Wearegoingtohave________Englishlessontomorow.A、aB、anC、theD、x()6、Showme_______photoofthegirl.A、xB、aC、the()7、_____knifeonthedeskismine.A、xB、AC、The()8、Whereare_______newpens,Jim？A、aB、theC、x()9、LiLeilivesonafarm._______farmisnotfarfromhere.A、AB、xC、TheD、An()10、________sunisbiggerthanthemoon..A、AB、TheC、x()11、Heis________tallestofushere.A、aB、theC、x()12、Walkalongthisroad,andtake________fourthturningontheleft.A、theB、aC、x()13、Howlongis_________GreatWall？A、xB、aC、the()14、Ilikedrinking______________.A、amilkB、milkC、themilk()15、_______Chinaisabeautifulcountry.A、xB、TheC、A()16、MrsBrownwenttoseeher__________doctor.A、aB、xC、the()17、MayIaskyousome________questions?A、aB、anC、x()18、Mymotherandbrotherare_________teachers.A、xB、theC、a()19、Ilike________cakes.A、aB、xC、the()20、Itis______Sundaytoday。A、aB、theC、x()21、Schoolbeginsin_______September.A、xB、theC、a()22、Todayis_______Father’sDay.A、xB、theC、an()23、Itiscoldin______winter.A、theB、aC、x()24、Hewenttoworkwithout________breakfastthismorning.A、a B、xC、the()25、Canyouplay________football？A、xB、theC、a()26、______liketravellingverymuch.A、MrSmithB、MrsSmithC、TheSmiths()27、Whichofthetwogirlsdoyouknow？______taller.A、theB、AC、an()28、Weoftenhavesportsafterclass,andIliketoplay_____basketball.A.aB.anC.theD.不填()29、Thisis_______songI’vetoldyouabout.Isn’tit_______beautifulone?A.the;theB.a;aC.the;aD.a;the()30、ThismorningIhad________eggandabottleofmilkformybreakfast.A.anB.aC.theD./12中考英语语法考点专题训练()31、---Haveyouseen_______pen?Ileftitherethismorning.---Isit________blackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a()32、Thereis_______“h”inthewordhour.A.aB.theC.anD./()33、DidyouenjoyyourstayinXian?Yes.Ihad_______wonderfultime.A.aB.anC.theD./()34、Thereis_______appleandsomepearsonthetable.A.theB./C.aD.an()35、Davidhas_______cat.It’sverynice.A.aB.anC.theD./()36、I’mreading_______novel.Itis_______interestingstory.A.a;anB.a;aC.the;theD./;an介词连词一、常用介词的用法辨析（1）表时间的介词1）at,inon表示时间点用at。例如：atsixo’clock,atnoon,atmidnight。表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。例如：inthenineteenthcentury,in2002,inmay,inwinter,inthemorning,intheafternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。例如：onMonday,onJuly1st,onSundaymorning等。2）since,after由since和after引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如：Ihaven’theardfromhimsincelastsummer.Afterfivedaystheboycameback.3）in, afterin与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如：Hewillbebackintwomonths.Hewillarriveafterfouro’clock.Hereturnedafteramonth.（2）表示地点的介词1）at,in,onat一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：HearrivedinShanghaiyesterday.Theyarrivedatasmallvillagebeforedark.Thereisabigholeinthewall.Theteacherputupapictureonthewall.2）over,above,onover,on和above都可表示“在……上面”，但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如：Thereisabridgeovertheriver.Weflewabovetheclouds.13中考英语语法考点专题训练Theyputsomeflowersontheteacher’sdesk.3）across,throughacross和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Through的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如：Thedogranacrossthegrass.Theboyswamacrosstheriver.Theywalkedthroughtheforest.Ipushedthroughthecrowds.4)infrontof,inthefrontofinfrontof表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；inthefrontof表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以over在„„„„正上方below在„„„„斜下方above在„„„„斜上方between在„„（两者）之间among在„„（三者）之间across横过（从事物表面经过）through穿过，通过（从事物内部经过）like像as当作， 作为14中考英语语法考点专题训练into进入„里面，in在„„里面，outof从„„里面向外四、区别下面的连词一般时进行时because因为“直接原因”while+进行时since既然“明知原因”一般时as由于，因为（常放句首）for因为，“推测原因”if“是否”不可接ornottodo„whether“是否”可接ornottodo„“只可用其一”五、有关连词的几个句型1、assoonas„一„就„2、both„and„和„（两个）都，既„又„3、neither„nor„和„（两个）都，既不„又不„4、either„or„要么„要么„，或者„或者„5、notonly„butalso„不但„而且„6、so„that„如此„以致7、sothat„以便，以致(注：intheend=atlast=finaly在最后；attheend„在„末端；bytheendof„到„末底为止)练习：一、选择题()1、Thebottleisnotempty.It’sfull______air.A、withB、ofC、in()2、ShetooktheNo.28Bus_______theflowermarket.A、toB、atC、into()3、Apoorboy________himcouldn’tgotoschoolintheolddays.A.asB.likeC.about()4、Shefoundajob________adoctor.A、asB、likeC、on()5、Thesungivesuslight_______theday.A、inB、duringC、through()6、Theywillfinishthework_______threedays.A、afterB、inC、before()7、Helivedandworked_______thefarmers.A、betweenB、amongC、in()8、WestudyEnglish________asecondforiegnlanguage.A、likeB、asC、for()9、Wedid______MrHutoldus.A、likeB、asC、what()10、Wedon’tknow______hewaslateforschool.A、whatB、whyC、that()11、Iwonder_____youcanhelpme.A、ifB、whatC、who()12、---WhenwillMrBlackcometoBeijing?---___________September5.A.OnB.ToC.AtD.In()13、Theboysfeltsadastheylost________thegirlsinthetalkshow.A.byB.inC.toD.on()14、---Ilikeridingfast.It’sveryexciting.---Oh!Youmustn’tdoitlikethat,________itmayhavean accident.A.andB.orC.soD.but()15、Johnfellasleep________hewaslisteningtothemusic.15中考英语语法考点专题训练A.afterB.beforeC.whileD.assoonas()16、WetraveledovernighttoParisandarrived_______5o’clock______themorning.A.on;inB.at;inC.at;onD.in;on()17、Where’sLily?Weareallhere_______her.A.besideB.aboutC.exceptD.with()18、Shesentherfriendapostcard_______abirthdaypresent.A.onB.asC.forD.of()19、JackhasstudiedChineseinthisschool_______theyearof2000.A.sinceB.inC.onD.by()20、---Whatisawritingbrush,doyouknow?---It’s_______writinganddrawing.A.withB.toC.forD.by()21、Englishiswidelyused______travellersandbusinesspeopleallovertheworld.A.toB.forC.asD.by()22、______thehelpofmyteacher,Icaughtupwiththeotherstudents.A.UnderB.InC.WithD.On()23、HongKongis______thesouthofChina,andMacaois______thewestofHongKong.A.in;toB.to;toC.to;inD.in;in()24、---You’dbetternotgooutnow.It’sraining.---Itdoesn’tmatter.Mynewcoatcankeep______rain.A.inB.ofC.withD.off()25、Japanlies______theeastofChina.A.toB.inC.aboutD.at()26、——WilltheforeignershaveanyproblemstalkingwithChinesein2008?——Idon’tthinkso.Now______theyoung______theoldcanspeaksomeEnglish.A.either…orB.notonly…butalsoC.neither…norD.both…or()27、Wedidn’tcatchthetrain_______weleftlate.A.soB.becauseC.butD.though()28、Tomfailedintheexamagain_______hewantedtopassitverymuch.A.ifB.soC.thoughD.as()29、Iwon’tbelievethatthefive-year-oldboycanreadfivethousandwords______Ihavetestedhimmyself.A.afterB.whenC.ifD.until()30、Thebookwassointerestingthathehadreaditforthreehours______herealizedit.A.whenB.untilC.afterD. before()31、---Thisdresswaslastyear’sstyle.---Ithinkitstilllooksperfect______ithasgoneoutthisyear.A.sothatB.eventhoughC.asifD.eversince()32、Hurryup,_______youwillmissthetrain.A.andB.soC.howeverD.or()33、Themountainwas______steep_____fewpeopleinourcityreachedthetop.A.so…asB.so…thatC.as…asD.too…to()34、---DoyourememberourpleasantjourneytoXi’an?---Ofcourse.Iremembereverything______ithappenedyesterday.16中考英语语法考点专题训练A.assoonasB.eventhoughC.ratherthanD.asif()35、______youcan’tanswerthisquestion,wehavetoasksomeoneelseforhelp.A.AlthoughB.WhileC.WhetherD.Since动词的种类一、助动词助动词在句中不能单独作谓语。助动词，顾名思义，就帮助作用的动词。它必须与其它动词一一起构成谓语。（英语句子中，如果有助动词，那么句子中必须有动词，或动词原形，或动词ing，或动词的过去式，或动词的过去分词）。1、助动词be1）“be+现在分词”构成进行时（1）is/am/are+现在分词（现在进行时态）（2）was/were+现在分词（过去进行时态）2）“be+过去分词”构成被动语态（1）is/am/are+过去分词（一般现在时态的被动语态）（2）was/were+过去分词（一般过去时态的被动语态）2、助动词have(has)/had1）“have(has)+过去分词”构成现在完成时态2）“had+过去分词”构成过去完成时态3、助动词do(does)/did1）“do（does）/didnot+动词原形”构成一般现在时或一般过去时的否定句。2）“do（does）/did+主语+动词原形”构成一般现在时或一般过去时的疑问句。4、助动词shall（should）/will（would）1）“shall（will）+动词原形”构成一般将来时态。2）“should（would）+动词原形”构成过去将来时态。(注意：be,do,have也可作有意义的动词，（这时它们有实在的意思）。如：Hemedicineyesterday.)一、行为动词行为动词表示某种动作或状态在句中可单独作谓语。如：dance,sing,write,live,remember. 行为动词分及物动词和不及物动词。不及物动词有：end,work,arrive,lie,agree,die,fall,live等二、连系动词连系动词其后接形容词，不能接副词。下面的动词是连系动词：smell，taste，look，seem，feel，sound，turn，become，get，grow，keep等(注：turn只接表示颜色的形容词。)四、情态动词情态动词不能单独作谓语，跟后面的动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词有can，could，may，might，must，need，will，would，shall，should.17中考英语语法考点专题训练注：1.may可表推测“可能”，can’t可表否定推测“不可能”，must可表肯定的推测“一定”。2.haveto(现在)必须,不得不；hasto(现在)必须,不得不(第三人称单数作主语时用它)hadto(过去)必须,不得不3.beableto“能够”它有三种形式：1）is/am/areableto=can“现在能够”2）was/wereableto=could“过去能够”3）will/shallbeableto“将来能够”一、选择正确的答案()1___________youmendyourcar?I__________notstartit.A、Would,wouldB、Must,mustC、Can,canD、May,may()2、You_________gotothedoctoratoncebecauseyou’vegothurtsobadly。A、mustB、mayC、canD、would()3、It’stimeforclass.You___________gotoclassnow.A、mustB、havetoC、hastoD、hasto()4、_______Iopenthewindow,It’ssowarmhere.A、ShallB、WillC、MustD、Would()5、_________youpleasetellmehowtogettothestation？A、ShallB、WillC、MayD、Might()6、You‘dbettergoandaskMrWang,He_____________knowhowtousethecomputer.A、CanB、mayC、wouldD、could()7、Shesaidthatshe________speakalittleEnglishwhenshewasfour.A、canB、mightC、couldD、would()8、What_________youlikeforbreakfast？A、mayB、willC、wouldD、can()9、It’ssolate.MrChen_________beintheoffice.A、mayB、can’tC、mustn’tD、needn’t()10、________Itakethisbookaway？No,you____________.A、May,mustn’tB、May,needn’tC、Can,can’tD、Must,can’t()11、Thepolicemansaid“Thankyou,you____________gonow.”A、mustn’tB、needC、can’tD、may()12、________itbetrue？It’stoostrange.A、CanB、MayC、Must D、Need()13、Sheisveryclever,She______workoutthisproblem。A、couldn’tB、canC、needD、will()14、Theboywassostrongthathe________lifttheheavybox。A、canB、wasabletoC、mayD、must()15、MustIfinishmyhomeworknow？No,you_________.A、mustn’tB、needn’tC、maynot()16、NeedIfinishmyhomeworknow？Yes,you__________.A、mustB、needC、may()17、Heisaway,You_________bewrong.A、mustB、can’tC、can二、把句子变成一般疑问句，否定句，并作回答。1、Ihavetofinishmyhomeworknow.18中考英语语法考点专题训练2、Ihadtofinishmyhomeworkyesterday.一般现在时态1、意义：表示从现在看，经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态。2、基本结构（肯定形式）：用动词的现在式表示，①be动词：a)isb)amc)are②行为动词：a)动词原形b)第三人称单数动词形式（也就是主语是第三人称单数，它的谓语动词形式）要按照下列三种变化规则进行变化：1）一般动词在词尾加s。如come_________,borrow___________.2)以字母o,s,x,ch,sh,结尾的动词加es。如do_________go_________cross__________dress__________miss__________pass________catch_________reach_________teach__________watch__________finish_________fish________push_________wash________wish________3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先改y为i,再加es。如carry_________copy__________cry_______fly____________hurry__________study________try__________worry__________否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don’t,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn’t，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：①把be(is/am/are)动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。3、用法：时间提示词often,usually,sometimes,everyday（week,month,year）等。练习：1、I________(write)tomyparentsonceamonth.2、Mysister_________(read)Englishalouldeverymorning.3、He__________(notlook)likehisfather.4、Myparents________(notlike)talkingtoomuch.5、______he______(have)breadforbreakfasteveryday?6、Tom_________(have)medicinetwiceayear.7、Who________(study)hardestinyour class?8、Iwillgooutforapicnicifit__________(notrain)tomorrow.9、IwillgivehertheletterassoonasI___________(see)her.10、Theteachertoldustheearth________(turn)aroundthesun.一般过去时态1、意义：表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。2、基本结构（肯定形式）：用动词的过去式表示，①be动词的过去式：a)wasb)were②行为动过去式词的：a)不规则动词的过去式（熟记）b)规则动词的过去式，按照下列四种变化规则进行变化：A)一般词尾加ed。如book（预订）_________finish_________B)结尾是e的动词加d。如agree______care______C)双写加ed。如stop________step___________shop______trip________plan_____________beg________fit________travel________quarel________prefer_______19中考英语语法考点专题训练D）改y为i,加ed。如carry______copy_______try________hurry________study______worry_________cry_________fly（不规则）______否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn’t，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。3、用法：时间提示词yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,threedaysago,lastweek(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime等。练习1.Heofen_______(go)foraswimwhenhewasyoung.2.Whenhe__________(begin)toworkatthefactory.,he________(be)onlytwelveyearsold.3.It’stenyearssinceI_________(come)here.4.TheGreens____________(notfly)toAmericalastyear.5.__________you__________(lose)yourhandbagamomentago?现在进行时1.意义：表示现在正在发生或进行的动作或事情。2.基本结构（肯定形式）：is/am/are+doing(动词ing形式)。动词ing形式的构成，按照下列三种变化规则进行变化：1)一般在动词末尾加ing，如go________play________2)去e加ing，如close________dance________(注意特殊的词)agree_______die_______lie______tie_______3)双写加ing，如begin________cut_________________dig_________get________put___________run_________set_______sit_________swim_________win_________forget_____________beg________fit_______grab_________shut____________spit_________trap___________wag________trip________stop_______let_________drop_______step_______hit_______rob________rub_________否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑问句：把is/am /are放于句首。3.用法：时间提示词listen!Look！now,while等。练习1.Listen！He_____________(play)thepianointhenextroom.2.Look!Somegirls______________(dance)overthere.3.Mybrother_____________(watch)TVwhileIamdoingsomecleaning.4.It’sfiveo’clockintheafternoon.Thestudents________________(leave)school.5.WhereisPeter?He_______________(write)alettertohispenfriendinhisroom.6.Youaresobusythesedays,What_________you_________(do)?7.Mary____________(do)somewashingatthemoment.8.Kateissohappytoday.She_________________(sing)inherroom.过去进行时1.意义：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。2..基本结构（肯定形式）：was/were+doing(动词ing形式)否定形式：was/were+not+doing.20中考英语语法考点专题训练一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。3.用法：时间提示词atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。练习：1.Theboy_____________________(do)hishomeworkwhenhisfathercamebackfromwork.2.He__________________________(take)awalkbythelakewhenheheardsomeoneshoutedforhelp.3._____________you_______________(watch)TVatninelastnight?一般将来时态1.意义：表示从现在看来,即将发生的动作或存在的状态。2.基本结构（肯定形式）：其.基本构成有2种形式①am/is/are/goingto+do(动词原形)；②will/shall+do(动词原形)。(shall只用于第一人称I和We)否定形式：①am/is/are/+notgoingto+do(动词原形);②will/shall+not+do(动词原形)。一般疑问句：①am/is/are/放于句首；②will/shall提到句首。3.用法：时间提示词：tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,nextweek,inthreeyears,soon,bytheendof+将来时间,by+将来时间等。(注：1)表示位置移动的动词come,go,leave,start,arrive,stop等动词的现在进行时可表一般将来时；2）be+todo和beabouttodo也可表示将来时)练习1.We___________(help)thefarmerswiththeapple-pickingtomorrow.2.Don’tworry!Theteacher____________(tell)uswhattodowithit.3.Idon’tknowifhe____________(go)there.4.She_______________(go)bybusifitrains.5.——Howsoon____________thetrain___________(arrive)?——Intenminutes.6.___________you____________(visit)yourunclenext month?现在完成时1.意义：1）表示到现在为止已经完成的动作或结束的状态，但句子中没有过去时间状语。2）某种情况从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在，并且有可能继续下去。这种情况句尾常用for„或since短语。2.基本结构（肯定形式）：have/has+done(动词的过去分词).(过去分词是怎样变成的?)否定形式：have/has+not+done(动词的过去分词).一般疑问句：have或has提到句首。3.用法：时间提示词recently，lately，already，just(刚刚)，yet(还，已经)，ever，never，for„，since„，before,，sofar（到目前为止），inthepast„years(在最近的„年里)，eversince(此后一直)等。练习：一.用括号里所给动词的时态填空。1.You’relate,Thefilm_______already________(begin)2.TheymovedtoCanadain1977and____________(live)thereeversince.21中考英语语法考点专题训练3.__________you_______(see)MrSmith?I’mlookingforhimallthemorning.4.Inthepasttenyears,greatchanges___________(take)placeinGuangdong.5.Howlong______you_________(be)inChina?6.Pleasegivethebookbacktomeifyou______________(finish)readingit.7.MissZhouisn’there.She______________(go)tothelibrary.8.Mary________________(be)toEnglandtwice.二.完成句子。1.我来到河口中学17年了。I__________________HeKouMiddleSchool______________________.2.他已经去了北京。He________________________Beijing.3.你曾经去过上海吗?___________________________Shanghai?(注：现在完成时和for/since短语howlong连用时，表示动作或状态从过去一直延续至现在，其谓语动词要用延续性动词，否则用其他词或词语替换。)如：buy——haveborrow——keepdie——bedeadcome/go——beat/inleave/go——beaway(from)open——beopenclose——beclosedjoin——bein/beamemberof…begin——beonfallasleep——beasleep被动语态一.初中阶段，根据时态的不同，被动语态的基本结构有以下几种形式。1.一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词2.一般过去时：was/were+过去分词3.一般将来时：1)will/shallbe+过去分词，2)is/am/aregoingtobe+过去分词4.现在完成时：have/hasbeen+过去分词5.现在进行时：am/is/are +being+过去分词6.过去进行时：was/werebeing+过去分词7.过去将来时：1)wouldbe+过去分词，2)was/weregoingtobe+过去分词8.过去完成时：hadbeen+过去分词9.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+be+过去分词（情态动词：can，could，may，might，will，would，shall，should，must，need，）二．练习一）把下列句子变为被动语态。1.Theylistenedtothepolicemancarefully.2.Heateupthepears.3.TheytakecareoftheChildreneveryday.4.Igavebackthisbooktothelibraryyesterday.5.Hegavemeacard.6.Heoftenbuysmemilk.7.Heaskedmetohelphim.8.Heletmeknowthenews.(注：make„„do„变为bemadetodo„„see……do…变为beseentodo……22中考英语语法考点专题训练hear……do…变为beheardtodo…let……do…变为belettodo…watch……do…变为bewatchedtodo…feel……do…变为befelttodo…notice……do…变为benoticedtodo…)9.Whowrotethisbook？10.Whobrokethewindow？11.Shedidn’tseeusgointotheshop.12.DoyouhearhersingRussiansongs?13.Shedoesn’tlethersonswimintheriver.14.Heshowedmethewaytothepostoffice.二.完成句子1.这些花必须每天都浇水吗?________theseflowers__________everyday?2.老年人应得到很好的照顾.Oldpeopleshould________________________________________.3.书看完后要放好.Afteryoufinishreadingthebooks,______________________________.4.必须采取措施阻止人口迅速增长.Something_______________________________tostopthepopulationfromincreasing.四.选择正确答案()1.Theworkers_________dayandnightbythe boss.A.aremakingtoworkB.aremadetoworkC.madetoworkD.aremadework()2.Twocakesweremade________himbyherlastnight.A.withB.inC.forD.at()3.Iwasn’tathomeyesterday.I____________tohelpwiththeharvestonthefarm.A.askedB.wasaskedC.wasaskingD.hadasked.()4.TheChildrenareoftenasked__________loudly.inthelibrary.Theymustkeepquiet.A.tospeakB.nottospeakC.don’tspeakD.notspeak()5.Somethingmustbedone_________theseanimals.A.saveB.tosaveC.savingD.saved.动词不定式一、不定式作宾语,能接不定式作宾语的动词有：want，wouldlike，hope，wish，expect，agree，seem，learn，need，refuse,manage，afford，fail二、不定式作宾语补足语,能接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：1、接带有to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词；ask，tell，teach，invite，want，woulklike，except，wish，encourage，order，allow，advise，like，get，follow2、接不带有to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词；23中考英语语法考点专题训练1）、使让动词：make，let2）、感官动词：look，see，watch，notice，listen，hear，feel，find3、接带to或不带有to的动词不定式作宾语补足语均可的动词；help三、不定式作状语：1、作原因状语，如，Nicetomeetyou!2、作目的状语，如Icomeheretotellyouaboutit.3、做结果状语，Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.三、不定式用在how,when,where,what,which等之后。构词法(1)常见的构词法1)合成词：合成词是由两个或两个以上的词构成一个新的词。如：blackboard(黑板)，newspaper(报纸)，afternoon(下午),pencil-box(铅笔盒)。2)派生词：派生词是由词根加派生词缀构成的词，词根是派生词的基础，同一词根加不同的派生词缀可以表示不同的意义，还可以表示不同的词的词性。动词变名词：＋后缀erdrive(驾驶)——driver(驾驶员)teach(教)——teacher(教师)read(阅读)——reader(读者)＋后缀orinvent(发明)——inventor(发明家)visit(访问)——visitor(访问者)＋后缀tion invent(发明)——invention(发明)operate(手术)——operation(手术)名词变形容词：＋后缀ywind(风)——windy(刮风的)sun(太阳)——sunny(晴朗的)＋后缀fulhelp(帮助)——helpful(有帮助的)care(小心)——careful(小心的)＋后缀lyfriend(朋友)——friendly(友好的)形容词变名词：+后缀nessgood(好的)——goodness(善良，美德)kind(和善的)——kindness(和善)形容词变副词：＋后缀lybad(坏的)——badly(糟糕地)quick(快的)——quickly(迅速地)改变词义：＋前缀unhappy(高兴的)——unhappy(不高兴的)usual(平常的)——unusual(不平常的)３)转化词：转化词是指由一种词类转用作另一种词类的词。例如：hand(n.)手，hand(v.)传递，dry(adj.)干燥的，dry(v.)烘干［说明］初中总复习中，词汇的复习十分重要。掌握单词和词组的用法是学好语言的前提之一。没有一定的词汇量，不掌握词语的基本用法，就失去了英语知识复习的基础，也就更谈不上灵活运用和综合分析能力了。(2)词形变化英语词汇的词形变化除了前面讲的词根＋派生词缀构成的派生词的变化外，还存在有一些单词词尾的屈折变化，它们是：1)表示名词复数的词形变化。例如：24中考英语语法考点专题训练hand—hands(手)picture—pictures(图片)knife—knives(小刀)city—cities(城市)2)表示形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的词形变化。例如：cheap—cheaper—cheapest(便宜的)late—later—latest(迟来的，迟来地)early—earlier—earliest(早的、早地)3)表示动词一般现在时第三人称单数的词形变化。例如：clean—cleans(打扫)catch—catches(按住)carry—carries(携带)4)表示动词过去时和-ed分词的词形变化。例如：walk—walked(走，)carry—carried(搬运)close—closed(关闭)stop—stopped(阻止)5)表示动词-ing分词的词形变化。例如：walk—walking(走)make—making(做)sit—sitting(坐)句子种类【考点直击】按照句子的用途，英语句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。按照句子的结构，英语句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。中考对句子的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1.陈述句的构成形式及基本用法；2. 祈使句的构成形式及基本用法；3.一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本用法；4.由what,how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别。对于各种从句的用法我们在后面分别论述。【名师点睛】一.陈述句的构成形式及基本用法1.陈述句：陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法（包括肯定和否定）的句子。通常用降调，句末用句号“.”。Tomhasanewcar.Theflowerisn’tbeautiful.2.陈述句否定式的构成(1)如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be，则只需在这些动词后加not即可构成否定式。（肯定）（否定）（肯定）Wegettherebeforedark.（否定）25中考英语语法考点专题训练(2)如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词，而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时，则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加don’t,doesn’t或didn’t。同时把该实义动词变为原形。（肯定）He（否定）（肯定）She（否定）(3)如果句子是therebe结构或谓语动词是have（有），除了be和have之后加not之外，句中如果有some要变为any。例如：Thereissomewaterinthecup.→Thereisnotanywaterinthecup.Hehassomebooks.→Hedoesn’thaveanybooks.(4)除not以外，否定词no,never,nothing,nobody,few等也可构成否定句。例如：Thereissomethingwrongwithhisbike.→Thereisnothingwrongwithhisbike.Ihaveseenthefilm.→Ihaveneverseenthefilm.二.祈使句的构成形式及基本用法祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议、号召等的句子，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号“！”或句号“.”。朗读时一般用降调。1. 肯定的祈使句：（1）祈使句主语是you时，you常省略，但如果要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的情绪时可以有主语或称呼语。Bequiet.Youbequiet!（2）“Do+祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求，do起强调作用。Docomebackatonce!Dobecareful.（3）please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气，但please用在句末时，必须用逗号与其余部分分开。Openthewindow,please.（4）Let引导祈使句时，后面需跟上人称代词或称呼语，人称代词一般只用第一、第三人称。LetJackwaitaminute.Let’sgotoschool.（5）在祈使句中，Let’s和Letus是有区别的。Let’s包括说话者，而Letus不包括听话者在26中考英语语法考点专题训练1.一般疑问句：（1）一般疑问句的肯定形式一般疑问句一般是指以助动词、情态动词、be动词或have（有）开始，通常要求以yes，或no来回答的疑问句，一般疑问句读时通常用升调。DoyouknowMr.Smith?Canyouswim?（2）一般疑问句的否定结构①在一般疑问句的否定结构中，把副词not放在一般疑问句的主语之后。但如果用not的简略形式-n’t，则须将-n’t与一般疑问句句首的be,have，助动词或情态动词写在一起。在实际运用中，一般都采用简略式。Areyounotafootballfan?Aren’tyouafootballfan?Willshenotlikeit?Won’tshelikeit?②与汉语不同的是，英语一般疑问句否定结构的答语是否定还是肯定，全由答语的否定或肯定来决定。若答语是肯定的，则用yes加肯定结构；若答语是否定的，则用no加否定结构。Aren’tyouafootballfan?你不是足球迷吗？Yes,Iam.No,Iam not.Won’tshelikeit?Yes,shewill.No,shewon’t.2.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句由“疑问代词或疑问副词+一般疑问句”构成，句子一般用倒装语序，但如果主语是疑问代词或由疑问代词修饰时，用陈述句的语序。特殊疑问句不能用yes或no回答，读时用降调。例如：Whoisondutytoday?HowlonghaveyoubeeninBeijing?Whattimedoyougetupeverymorning?WhatmustIdonow?273.选择疑问句：选择疑问句是说话者提出两种或两种以上的不同情况，让对方选择回答的疑问句。其结构是“疑问句+选择部分”。选择部分由or连接，or前面的部分读升调，or后面的部分读降调。选择疑问句不能用yes或no回答，而必须具体的选择答复。Isyourbagyelloworblack?It’sblack.。Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee?Eitherwilldo.。Whichdoyoulikebetter,singingordancing?Ilikedancingbetter.4.反意疑问句：反意疑问句是指在陈述句之后附加一个意思与之相反的简短问句，问对方是否赞同的疑问句。附加问句的否定式必须缩写。（1）肯定的陈述句后跟否定的附加问句，否定的陈述句后跟肯定的附加问句。Iamyourteacher,aren’tI?Hedidn’tstudyhard,didhe?28中考英语语法考点专题训练（2）如果陈述句中含有否定副词never（从不，决不），hardly（几乎不）或其他表示否定代词或形容词，如nothing,nonenoone,nobody,neither,few, little等，则附加问句只能用肯定式。如：Theyhardlywritetoeachother,dothey?Hehasfoundnothing,hashe?Fewpeopleknewthesecret,didthey?（3）当反意疑问句是“否定陈述句+肯定附加问句”时，英语与汉语的回答习惯存在差异。英语回答时只看实际情况，若答语的具体---Yes,shewill.不，她会骑自行车来。---No,shewon’t.是的，她不会骑自行车来。四.由what,how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊异等感情的句子。句末用感叹号“！”，读时用降调，感叹句往往由what或how引导，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词，副词或动词。1.what引导的感叹句：（1）what+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）Whatabeautifulcityitis!Whataninterestingstoryshetold!（2）what+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）Whatexpensivewatchestheyare!Whatterribleweatheritis!2．How引导的感叹句：（1）How+形容词/副词+陈述句（主语+谓语）Howcolditis!Howhardheworks!（2）How+陈述句（主语+谓语）Howheloveshisson!HowImissyou!（3）How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）Howtallatreeitis!（4）上述两种感叹句可以互相转换。例如：Whatacleverboyheis!→Howclevertheboyis!Whatacolddayitis!→Howcolditis!练习：一.选择正确的答案。29中考英语语法考点专题训练()1._________usefulcomputeritis!A.WhatB.WhataC.WhatanD.How()2.---________isitfromJiaxingtoHangzhou?---I’mnotsure,butittakesaboutninetyminutestogettherebybus.A.HowmanyB.HowoftenC.HowmuchD.Howfar()3.---_______willittakeustogettherebybus?---Abouttwohours.A.HowsoonB.HowoftenC.HowlongD.How quick()4.---Help!Thereisasnakenearthehouse.---________afraid.Itwillgoawaylater.A.Don’tB.NotC.Don’tbeD.Be()5.---Lindahadnothingforbreakfastthismorning,_______?---No.Shegotuptoolate.A.hadsheB.hadn’tsheC.didsheD.didn’tshe()6---Theroomissodirty.______wecleanit?---Ofcourse.A.WillB.WouldC.DoD.Shall()6.---_______goodweather!Whynotgooutforawalk?A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa()7.---_______totheUnitedStates?---No,never,butIwenttoCanadaafewyearsago.A.HaveyoubeenB.HaveyougoneC.DidyougoD.Willyougo()8.---_______wereyouawayfromschoollastyear?---Abouttwoweeks.A.HowoftenB.HowsoonC.HowlongD.When()9._______isyourmother,ateacheroradoctor?A.WhatB.WhichC.WhoD.whose()10.---______he______atthisschoollastterm?---Yes,Ithinkso.A.Did…studyB.Does…studyC.Was…studyD.Did…studied()11.---________doyouwritetoyourpen-friend?---Onceaweek.A.HowlongB.HowsoonC.HowfarD.Howoften()12.Thesickman’sallowedtotakeawalkinthegardeneveryday,_______?A.isheB.isn’theC.hasheD.hasn’the13.______crosstheroadbeforethetrafficlightsturngreen.A.NotB.Won’tC.Don’tD.Doesn’t14.Youhaven’tchangedyourmind,________?A.doyouB.areyouC.haveyouD.didyou二.句型转换（按要求改写下列句子）1.Bruceboughtadictionaryyesterday.(改为否定句)30中考英语语法考点专题训练Bruce________________adictionaryyesterday.2.Mr.Smithdoesmorningexerciseseveryday.(改为一般疑问句)________Mr.Smith______morningexerciseseveryday?就划线部分提问)_______________AllangobacktoEnglandnextmonth?4.Therearesomeapplesonthetable.(改为否定句)There______________applesonthetable.就划线部分提问)_____________shetellyouthenews?6.UncleWanglikesmakingthings. (改写为否定句)UncleWang______________makingthings.7.Annreturnedthebooktothelibraryyesterday.(改为一般疑问句)________Ann_______thebooktothelibraryyesterday?8.Ourcityisverybeautiful.(改为感叹句)______________ourcityis!就划线部分提问)______________hasheworkedinthisschool?10.Bothofthemaremybestfriends.(改为否定句)_______ofthem_______mybestfriend.11.Theyarehappytoseeeachother.(改为感叹句)_____________theyaretoseeeachother!12.Theexambeginsatnine.(改为一般疑问句)________theexam_______atnine?就划线部分提问)____________he______atfouryesterdayafternoon?14.Hehadnothingforbreakfast.(改为反意疑问句)Hehadnothingforbreakfast_____________?15.Shedoesn’tthinkIcansurfontheInternet.(改反意疑问句)Shedoesn’tthinkIcansurfontheInternet,______________?16.He’sputthetreeinthehole?(改为一般疑问句)______he______thetreeinthehole?17.Howusefulthebookis!(改为陈述句)Itis____________usefulbook.就划线部分提问)_____________populationofAustralia?就划线部分提问)_____________willthemeetingstart?20.Don’ttellhimtocometomyoffice.(改为肯定的祈使句)____________tocometomyoffice.简单句的基本句型31中考英语语法考点专题训练课标要求及命题趋势：句子是英语的基础，简单句是考试热点。在写作中更能看出一个人的基本功。同学们除了要掌握基本的句型结构要求外，更要注重在平时练习写作，熟记句型，为自己考试拿到高分作好准备。指点迷津一简单句的五种基本句型简单句是由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。1.SVC结构（主语+系动词+表语）在这种句型中，动词必须是系动词，在动词之后跟有表语。表语可以是名词（词组）、形容词（词组）、副词（词组）等。如：Theteacheriskind.Shelooksfine.Mysonbecameadoctoratlast.系动词除be外，常见的还有keep（保持）,look（看起来），feel（觉得），smell（闻起来），sound（听起来），taste（尝起来），grow,get,go,turn（变得）等。2. SV结构（主语+不及物动词）（1）在这个结构中，动词是不及物动词，动词后边没有宾语。如：Myheadaches.Heissinging.（2）有些动词后边必须带有状语，否则意思就不明确。如：TheprofessorlivesinBeijing.WestayedinChinaforafewdays.常见的不及物动词有：sleep,walk,swim,happen,takeplace,go,come,work,laugh,stay等.3.SVO结构（主语+及物动词+宾语）在这个结构中，谓语动词必须是及物动词，在动词后边跟有宾语。如：Hecandriveacar.TheyspeakEnglish.有些不及物动词后面加上介词或副词可以把它看成一个及物动词，这时后边可接宾语。如：Pleaselistentomecarefully4.SVOO结构（主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语）（1）双宾语动词在这个结构中，动词是带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的及物动词。直接宾语多指物；间接宾语多指人。常用的带有双宾语的动词有：give,send,tell,bring,lend,buy,teach,get,call,,ask,wish,offer等。如：Hegavetheinspectorhispassport.MyfathertaughtusEnglish.（2）宾语的位置间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前，但是，如果为了强调间接宾语或者由于间接宾语较长，常把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后。这时要在间接宾语的前面加上适当的介词。32中考英语语法考点专题训练如：Theoldmanboughthisdaughteranicescarf.=Theoldmanboughtanicescarfforhisdaughter.（属于这种结构的动词有buy，get，make，find，sing，cook，choose等）Givetheteacherthisbook.=Givethisbooktotheteacher.（属于这种结构的动词有give，throw，pass，hand，show，bring，lend，send，return，leave，offer等）5.SVOC结构（主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语）在这种结构中，宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的。（1）在某些及物动词后，需要一个宾语再加上一个宾语的补语才能表达完整的意思，这样宾语和宾补称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、不定式、分词、副词都可以作宾补。（2）常跟复合宾语的动词有：call,name,make,think,find,leave,keep等。如：Hismotherfindshimacleverboy.Pleasekeeptheroomclean.（3）在see,watch,lookat,listento,heat,feel,let,make（使）, have（使）等这些动词后的宾补，如果是不定式从当时，则省去“to”，但变为被动语态时“to”还原。但在ask，tell，teach，invite，want，woulklike，except，wish，encourange，order，allow，advise，like，get，follow这些动词后的宾补，如果是不定式从当时，则要“to”，变为被动语态时也要“to”如：Iheardamanknockatthedoorthreetimes.Amanwasheardtoknockatthedoorthreetimes.Myteacheroftenasksmetostudyhard.Iisoftenaskedtostudyhard.（4）复合宾语中，宾语与宾语的补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，而双宾语没有这种关系。如：WecallhimXiaoWang.二therebe结构.英语中“there+be+sb./sth.+地点”结构表示“某处有某人或某物”。There是引导词，本身没有意思，be是谓语动词，be后面是主语，be必须和主语的数保持一致。如：Thereisagardenbehindthehouse.Therearetwobooksonthedesk.如果主语部分是两个以上的并列主语时，be一般和邻近的主语的数保持一致。如：Thereisacupandtwobooksonthedesk.Thereatefivestudentsandateacherintheclassroom.“there+be+sb./sth.+地点结构的否定形式是在be后面加not,notany,no.如：Therearenotanycarsontheroad.一般疑问句把be提前到句首。如：Arethereanycarsontheroad?此结构中的be也可以用live，lie等不及物动词。Therelivesanoldman.练习：33中考英语语法考点专题训练说明下列句子中的动词属于五种句型中的哪一种：A.SVB.SVP/SLPC.SVOD.SVOOE.SVOC1Don’ttelllies.2Tellhimtowaitforus.3Hetoldusaninterestingstory.4MayIaskaquestion?5Weoftenaskourteachertoexplainthesentenceagain.6Hemadeafire.7Wemustmakeourcitybeautiful.8Hewillmakehimselfapencil-box.9Thedoctorfeltmyheadandtookmytemperature.10Hefeltbetterthenextday.11Shefeltinherpocketforthesky.12Treesgrowfastin spring.13Wegrowcottonhere.14It’sgrowingdark.15Pleasestandup.英语并列句和复合句句子的种类1.按使用目的，句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四类；2.句子按其结构可以分为简单句、并列句、复合句三类。下面就考试中常见的并列句和复合句做简单介绍。一、并列句1.由and、but、or、so、for等并列连词把两个简单句连接起来而成的。例如：Johnlikesplayingbasketball,buthedidn’tplayityesterday.约翰喜欢打篮球，但他昨天没打。Youshouldhurry,oryouwillmissthetrain.你该快点了，否则要误车了。Hemustbeagoodstudent,forheisalwayscarefulwithhislessons.他肯定是个好学生，因为他学习一直很认真仔细。2.由并列连词词组连接成的。常用的有notonly„butalso„,either„or„,neither„nor„,not„but„,both„and„,等等。例如：Notonlyonebutalsoallofuswereinvited.不只是一个，而是我们全体都受到邀请。Eitheryoudoit,orIaskforsomebodyelsetodoit.要么你来做，要么我请其他人来做。NeitherTomnorJackhasfinishedthehomework.汤姆和杰克都没有完成作业。Notcouldn’ttheycompletethetask,butthetaskwastootough.不是他们完不成任务，而是任务太重了。二、主从复合句包含两个或多个主谓结构，并且，其中一个主谓结构充当主句，另一个或多个主谓结构为从句，充当该主句的主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语，这样的句子叫做复合句。按照从句在整个复合句中所起的语法作用，可将复合句分为六类。即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句。在以往的英语应用能力等级考试中，这六种复合句都曾出现过，其中尤其以宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句为多。下面分别予以讲解。34中考英语语法考点专题训练（一）宾语从句一.宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1.由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfoe?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthe best.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.二.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.三.宾语从句的时态1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如：Idon’tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswhereheis.Canyoutellmehowyougottotherailwaystation?2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.练习：一.选择正确的答案。()1.MissGreendidn’ttellus_______in2002.A.wheredoessheliveB.WhereshelivesC.wheredidsheliveD.whereshelived()2.Wouldyoupleasetellme________?A.whendidhecomehomeB.wherehewouldplayfootballC.ifhehadseenthefilmD.whyhedidn’twatchthegame()3.Idon’tknowwhen__________3.35中考英语语法考点专题训练A.willthetrainleaveB.thetrainwillleaveC.wouldthetrainleaveD.thetrainleave（二）定语从句一. 定语从句的功用和结构在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday.Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage?ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.二.关系代词和关系副词的功用关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。1.作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：Idon’tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.ThecarswhichareproducedinHubeiProvincesellverywell.2.作宾语：SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.Thebookthatmygrandmothergavemeiscalled“TheGreatEscape”.3.作定语关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：What’sthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctor?Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.4.作状语I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.三.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate？MrLee(whom)youwanttoseehascome.3.whose指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor.4.which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.Hereisthebook(which)theteachermentionedyesterday.36中考英语语法考点专题训练5.that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：I’vereadthenewspaperthat(which)carries(刊登)theimportantnews.Whoisthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?6.when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.7.where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.四.关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.五.具体使用时还要注意下列问题：只能用which，不用that的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从中。例如：Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisimportant.练习：一.选择正确的答案。()1.---Doestheteacherknoweverybody_______plantedthetrees?---Yes,hedoes.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.who()2.Theletter_______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that()3.---Whereisthescientist________gaveusthetalkyesterday?---HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity.A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which()4.Ihatepeople_______talkmuchbutdolittle.A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who（三）状语从句用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。1.时间状语从句(1)时间状语从句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas等连词来引导。例如：ItwasraininghardwhenIgottoschoolyesterday.Whilehewasdoinghishomework,thetelephonerang.Ashewalkedalongthelake,hesanghappily.37中考英语语法考点专题训练HehadlearnedalittleChinesebeforehecametoChina.Afterhefinishedmiddleschool,hewenttoworkina factory.(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：I’llringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.Iwilltellhimeverythingwhenhecomesback.Hewon’tbelieveituntilheseesitwithhisowneyes.(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”,“在……以前不……”,谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：Theyoungmanreadtillthelightwentout.Let’swaituntiltherainstops.Wewon’tstartuntilBobcomes.Don’tgetoffuntilthebusstops.2.条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由if,unless引导。例如：Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?Don’tleavethebuildingunlessItellyouto.(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：I’llhelpyouwithyourEnglishifamfreetomorrow.Hewon’tbelateunlessheisill.(3)“祈使句+and(or)+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.=Ifyoudon’thurryup,you’llbelate.Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.3.原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由because,since,as引导。例如：Hedidn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.Asitisraining,weshallnotgothezoo.Sinceyoucan’tanswerthequestion,I’llasksomeoneelse.(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：------Whyaren’tgoingthere?------BecauseIdon’twantto.Ashehasnocar,hecan’tgetthereeasily.Sincewehavenomoney,wecan’tbuyit.(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。4.结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由so…that,such…that,sothat引导。例如：Heissopoorthathecan’tbuyabikeforhisson.Sheissuchagoodteacherthateverybodylikesher.Mypencilfellunderthedesk,sothatIcouldn’tseeit.(2)so…that和such...that可以互换。例如：在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是:“...so+形容词（副词）+that+从句”。例如：Hewassogladthathecouldn’tsayaword.Thehallissobigthatitcanhold(容纳)2,000 people.Motherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyeverseeher.38中考英语语法考点专题训练在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如：Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling.Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathedidverywellinthemid-term.有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.=Thefilmwassowonderfulthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.Itissuchanimportantmatchthatnobodywantstomissit.=Thematchissoimportantthatnobodywantstomissit.(3)如果名词前由many,much,little,few等词修饰时，只能用so,不用such。例如：Soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.Hehassolittletimethathecan’tgotothecinemawithyou.5.比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由as…as,比较级+than…等连词引导。例如：TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes.Thisclassroomisasbigasthatone.6.目的状语从句(1)目的状语从句通常由sothat,inorderthat引导。例如：Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.Hestudieshardsothathecouldworkbetterinthefuture.Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.(2)sothat既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can,could,may,might等。2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.(目的状语从句)Jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest.(结果状语从句)7.让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句通常由although,though等连词引导。例如：Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.AlthoughIamtired,Imustgoonworking.(2)although(though)和but不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说：Thoughitwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.应该说：Thoughitwasraininghard,hestillwentout.或Itwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.8.地点状语从句地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如：Gowhereyoulike.Wherethereisawill,thereisa way.(哪里有意志，哪里就有路。即有志者事竟成。)练习：一.选择正确的答案。()1.Youwillstayhealthy_______youdomoreexercise,suchasrunningandwalking.A.ifB.howC.beforeD.where()2.---Shallwegoonworking?---Yes,_________Iprefertohavearest.39中考英语语法考点专题训练A.whenB.ifC.becauseD.though()3.Noneofusknewwhathadhappened_________theytoldusaboutit.A.whenB.untilC.afterD.though()4.---Ihopeyou’llenjoyyourtrip,dear!---Thankyou,mum.I’llgiveyouacall_________Igetthere.A.untilB.assoonasC.sinceD.till()5.---Doyouknowifhe_______toplaybasketballwithus?---Ithinkhewillcomeifhe______freetomorrow.A.comes;isB.comes;willbeC.willcome;isD.willcome;willbe()6.Idon’tremember________heworkedinthatcitywhenhewasyoung.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.who()7.Wewillstayathomeifmyaunt________tovisitustomorrow.A.comesB.comeC.willcomeD.iscoming()8.Thepoliceaskedthechildren_____crossthestreet______thetrafficlightsturnedgreen.A.not;beforeB.don’t;whenC.notto;untilD.not;after()9.I’llgoswimmingwithyouifI________freetomorrow.A.willbeB.shallbeC.amD.was()10.Intheexam,the________youare,______the_______mistakesyouwillmake.A.careful;littleB.morecareful;fewestC.morecareful;fewerD.morecareful;less()12.Ihurried_____Iwouldn’tbelateforclass.A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unless()13.Whenyoureadthebook,you’dbettermakeamark_______youhaveanyquestions.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.though()14.Maryhad______muchworktodothatshestayedatherofficeallday.A.suchB.soC.tooD.very()15.______thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As()16.______wellyoucandrive,youmustdrivecarefully.A.SolongasB.InorderthatC.NomatterhowD.Themoment()17.Writetomeassoonasyou________to 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