英语语法填空解题方法与技巧 3页

第二讲英语语法填空解题方法与技巧1.通读全文，把握大意。既然是通过语篇在语境中考语法，那么，我们在解题前，应快速浏览短文，把握全文大意，这一步非常重要。2.结合语境，试填空格。读懂短文之后，要结合短文所提供的特定的语言环境，从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性，再根据句子的结构和意义，以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。具体来说，可按设题类型分为三类情况：(1)纯空格试题的解题技巧。首先，分析句子结构，确定填哪类词。然后，再根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。(2)给出了动词的试题的解题技巧首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用—ing形式、—ed形式，还是用不定式形式，(3)、词类转换题的解题技巧根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。具体方法有：技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。如：[例1]Theyoungsterimmediatelyfell________(silence)astearsflewdownfromhisbigblueeyes.[例2]Ina________(danger)partoftheseaoffthecoastofNewZealand,theylearntto…技巧2：作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。如：[例3]Thesepeoplehavemadegreat___39___(contribute)toChinawiththeirwork.[例4]…instructorsexpectstudentstobefamiliarwith___32___(inform)inthereading…技巧3：在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后，用名词形式。如：[例5]Itisdifficulttofindoutthe(similar)betweenthetwocountries.[例6]Withhis________(patient),ImadegreatprogressinEnglish.技巧4：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。如：[例7] AsIlooked___32___(close)atthisgirl,Ifountthat…[例8]Theremustbesomething___40___(serious)wrongwithoursociety.技巧5：括号中所给动词不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，而是考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能是考查其比较等级。如：[例9]…therewasalotofinformationaboutthecity’swell-knowntourist___34___(attract)…[例10]Theotherfrogwentonjumpingashardashecould…Hejumpedeven___36___(hard)andfinallymadehimselfout3.重读全文，解决难题。在解题过程中要先易后难，难题在大部分空格填好后，再经过仔细推敲，难题也就不会再难了。所有空格填好后，把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍。专项练习1.Hehasasenseof(humorous).2.Recent(study)showthatsmokingisbadtoourhealth.3.That’sagood(suggest).4.WheneverImademistakes,theteacherpointedoutthemwith(patient).6.WhenshewasinParis,shedevelopeda(tasty)forfineart.7.Thisiswhatishappeninginour(life). 8.Mymotherwouldsitbythewindow,watchingthefalling(leaf)fromthetrees.9.Dogscanoffer（protect）fromthieves.10.Whilethereareamazingstoriesofimmediatechange,formostofus,the(change)arelittlebylittleandrequirealotofefforts.11.--HowcanItakethemedicine?--Justfollowthe(instruct).12.Youngpeoplemaketheirparentsangrywiththeir(choose)inclothesandmusic.13.Totheir(amaze),thecarhadbeenreturned.14.Afterthe(dead)ofQuYuan,peoplewenttoMiluoRivertomournoverthegreatpoettheylovedsomuch.15.Collegestudentsare(grown-up)andit’stheirrightstochoosethewaytolive.　　阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或用括号中的词语的适当形式填空：　　Aproverbsays,“Timeismoney”.Butinmyopinion,timeiseven　1　preciousthanmoney.Why?__2__whenmoneyisspent,wecanearnitback.However,whentimeis__3__,itwillneverreturn.　　__4__isknowntoallthatthetimewecanuseislimited.Thereforeweshouldmake__5__useofourtimetostudyhardsoastoserveourcountryin__6__future.Butitisapitythattherearealotofpeople__7__donotrealizethevalueoftime.They__8__theirprecioustimesmoking,drinkingandplaying.　　Inaword,weshouldformthegoodhabitof__9__(save)time.Donotputoffwhatcanbedonetoday__10__tomorrow.1.根据语法知识进行填充　　第1题，由than可知，precious要用比较级，多音节形容词的比较级在前面加more，故此题答案为more。　　第7题，因thereare…是个句子，donot…应是一个定语从句，缺主语，先行词是人，应填who。　2.根据逻辑关系进行填充　　就是根据上下文的逻辑关系来解题。　　第2题，因前句用Why提问，应当用Because来回答，故此题答案是Because。　3.根据语篇标志进行填充语篇是指比单个句子长的语言单位（句群、段落、篇章等）。语篇间往往有标明内在联系的词，我们称这些词为“语篇标志词”。如表示结构层次的有first,second,third,finally等；表示逻辑关系的有thus，therefore，so等；表示转折关系或变换话题的有however,but,bytheway等。“语篇标志词”对迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文关系很有帮助。　　第3题，由表示转折的However可知，是指当时间失去的时候，表示“失去”是gone。　　第5题，由表示结果的Therefore可知，应充分利用时间，故用形容词full或good来修饰名词use。　4.根据固定词组进行填充　　熟练掌握一些常见的词组，如asamatterof,beproudof,bytheway,comefrom,congratulate...on...,devote...to...,earnone’sliving,keepone’sword,makeupone’smind等，对解题很有帮助。　　第6题，表示“在将来”是固定词组inthefuture。　5.根据句型搭配进行填充　　就是根据一些常用的句型搭配，如so/such...that...,itis...(forsb.)todosth.,thereisnodoubtthat...,thereisnosenseindoingsth.等来解题。　　第4题，做形式主语，用It，真正的主语是后面的that从句。6.根据词汇知识进行填充　　指根据某些词语在用法上的特殊搭配来解题。如下列各类动词必须牢记：只能接动词的-ing形式做宾语的动词，只能接todo做宾语的动词，接todo做补语的动词，接do做补语的动词，接doing或done做补语的动词，对句式搭配要求较为特别的词语，等等。　　第8题，由timesmoking可想到是spend/wastetime(in)doing句型，这是由spend/waste的用法所决定的；这里是一般现在时，主语是复数，填spend或waste。　　第9题，因of是介词，介词后的动词通常要用-ing形式，故填saving。 7.根据生活常识进行填充　　第10题，结合生活常识，不难理解句意为“不要把今天能做的事推迟到明天去做”，答案自然是表示“直到”的until/till。阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或用括号中的词语的适当形式填空：　　Aproverbsays,“Timeismoney”.Butinmyopinion,timeiseven　1　preciousthanmoney.Why?__2__whenmoneyisspent,wecanearnitback.However,whentimeis__3__,itwillneverreturn.　　__4__isknowntoallthatthetimewecanuseislimited.Thereforeweshouldmake__5__useofourtimetostudyhardsoastoserveourcountryin__6__future.Butitisapitythattherearealotofpeople__7__donotrealizethevalueoftime.They__8__theirprecioustimesmoking,drinkingandplaying.　　Inaword,weshouldformthegoodhabitof__9__(save)time.Donotputoffwhatcanbedonetoday__10__tomorrow.                           1.__________artisthadasmalldaughter.Sometimeshepaintedwomen2.__________anyclotheson,andheandhis3.__________alwaystriedtokeepthesmallgirlout4.__________hewasdoingthis,“Sheis5.__________youngtounderstand,”theysaid.Butoneday,whentheartist6.__________（paint）awomanwithnoclotheson,heforgottolockthedoor,andthegirlsuddenlyranintotheroom.Hemotherranupthestairs7.__________her,butwhenshegottotheroom,thelittlegirlwasalreadyintheroomandlookingatthewoman8.__________herparentswaitedforhertospeak.Forafewsecondsthelittlegirlsaid9.__________,butthensherantohermotherandsaid10.__________（angry）,“Whydoyoulethergoaboutwithoutshoesandsocksonwhenyoudon’tletme?”Withthe1.__________（develop）ofindustry,airpollutionisgettingmoreandmoreserious.InBeijing,manypeoplesufferdifferentkindsofillnessesbecause2.__________airpollution.Airpollutioniscausedbythefollowing3.__________(reason):abouthalfoftheproblemiscausedbyvehicles.Therearemoreandmorecars,busesontheroads,andtheygiveoff4.__________（poison）gases.25%ofairpollutioniscausedbyfactories.Anotherfactoristhesmokers.Smokingnotonlydoesharmtotheirhealth5.__________alsotoothers.6.__________these,about10%ofairpollutioniscausedbyotherreasons.Weshouldtakesomemeasurestofight7.__________pollution.Newfuelcanbeusedtotake8.__________placeofgas.Wecanplantmoretrees.Ifeverybodyrealizesthe9.__________（important）ofenvironmentanddoessomethingtostoppollution,theproblemwill10.__________（solve）.