[外语学习]高中英语语法总结大全之特殊词精讲 12页

高中英语语法总结大全之特殊词精讲stopdoing/todostoptodo停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。stopdoing停止做某事。Theystoptosmokeacigar高考资源网ette.他们停下来，抽了根烟。Imuststopsmoking.我必须戒烟了。典型例题Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped___onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest答案：C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择"stoptodosth.停下来去做另一件事"。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stopdoingsth.不正确。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mforgetdoing/todoforgettodo忘记要去做某事。(未做)forgetdoing忘记做过某事。(已做)Thelightintheofficeisstilon.Heforgottoturnitoff.办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)Heforgotturningthelightoff.他忘记他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作)Don"tforgettocometomorrow.别忘了明天来。(tocome动作未做)典型例题----Thelightintheofficeisstillon.----Oh，Iforgot___.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff答案：C。由thelightisstillon可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forgettodosth.而forgetdoingsth表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mrememberdoing/todoremembertodo记得去做某事(未做)rememberdoing记得做过某事(已做)Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.记着放学后去趟邮局。Don"tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mregretdoing/todoregrettodo对要做的事遗憾。(未做)regretdoing对做过的事遗憾、后悔。(已做)Iregrettohavetodothis,butIhavenochoice.我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。Idon"tregrettellingherwhatIthought.我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。典型例题---Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret___that.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone答案：D。regrethavingdonesth.对已发生的事感到遗憾。regrettodosth.对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔，因此选D。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mceasedoing/todoceasetodo长时间，甚至永远停做某事。ceasedoing短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。Thatdepartmenthasceasedtoexistforever.那个部门已不复存在。Thegirlsceasedchattingforamomentwhentheirteacherpassedby.姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mtrydoing/todotrytodo努力，企图做某事。trydoing试验，试着做某事。Youmusttrytobemorecareful.你可要多加小心。Itriedgardeningbutdidn"tsucceed.我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mgoondoing/todogoontodo做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。goondoing继续做原来做的事。Afterhehadfinishedhismaths，hewentontodohisphysics.做完数学后，他接着去做物理。Goondoingtheotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mbeafraiddoing/todobeafraidtodo不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为"怕"；beafraidofdoing担心出现doing的状况、结果。doing是客观上造成的，意为"生怕，恐怕"。Shewasafraidtostepfurtheringrassbecauseshewasafraidofbeingbittenbyasnake.她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢在草丛中再走一步。Shewasafraidtowakeherhusband.她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。Shewasafraidofwakingherhusband.她生怕吵醒她丈夫。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mbeinteresteddoing/...interestedtodo对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事。 interestedindoing对某种想法感兴趣，doing通常为想法。Ishallbeinterestedtoknowwhathappens.我很想知道发生了什么事。(想了解)I"minterestedinworkinginSwitzerland.Doyouhaveanyideaaboutthat?我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗?(一种想法)w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mmeandoing/todomeantodo打算、想meandoing意味着Imeantogo,butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。Toraisewagemeansincreasingpurchasingpower.赠加工资意味着增加购买力。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mbegin(start)doing/todobegin/starttodosthbegin/startdoingsth.1)谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing.Howoldwereyouwhenyoufirststartedplayingthepiano?你几岁时开始弹钢琴？2)begin,start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式todoIwasbeginningtogetangry。我开始生起气来。3)在attempt,intend,begin,start后接know,understand,realize这类动词时，常用不定式todo。Ibegintounderstandthetruth。我开始明白真相。4)物作主语时Itbegantomelt.w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 感官动词+doing/todo感官动词see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,smell,taste,feel+do表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing表示动作的连续性，进行性Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）昨天我见他正在花园里干活。典型例题1）Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher___upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow答案：A。因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用seesbdosth的句型。2）Themissingboywaslastseen___neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay答案A.本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用seesb.doingsth句型w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m高中英语语法总结大全之名词性从句名词性从句在句子中起高考资源网名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that,whether,if不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.连接副词：when,where,how,why不可省略的连词：1.介词后的连词2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.比较：whether与if均为"是否"的意思。但在下列情况下，whether不能被if取代：1.whether引导主语从句并在句首2.引导表语从句3.whether从句作介词宾语4.从句后有"ornot"Whetherhewillcomeisnotclear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用it充当形式主语。Itisnotimportantwhowillgo.Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthematch.w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m名词性that-从句1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：主语：Thatheisstillaliveissheerluck.他还活着全靠运气。宾语：JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。表语：Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。同位语：Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。形容词宾语：Iamgladthatyouaresatisfiedwithyourjob.你对工作满意我感到很高兴。 2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。It"sapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：a.It+be+形容词+that-从句Itisnecessarythat…有必要……Itisimportantthat…重要的是……Itisobviousthat…很明显……b.It+be+-ed分词+that-从句Itisbelievedthat…人们相信……Itisknowntoallthat…从所周知……Ithasbeendecidedthat…已决定……c.It+be+名词+that-从句Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常识Itisasurprisethat…令人惊奇的是……Itisafactthat…事实是……d.It+不及物动词+that-分句Itappearsthat…似乎……Ithappensthat…碰巧……Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起……w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m名词性wh-从句1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who,whom,.whose,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever等连接代词和where,when,how,why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，例如：主语：Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.书销售如何取决于作者本人。直接宾语：Inone"sownhomeonecandowhatonelikes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。间接宾语：Theclubwillgivewhoeverwinsaprize.俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。 表语：MyquestioniswhowilltakeoverpresidentoftheFoundation.我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。宾语补足语：Shewillnamehimwhatevershewantsto.她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。同位语：Ihavenoideawhenhewillreturn.我不知道他什么时候回来。形容词宾语：I"mnotsurewhysherefusedtheirinvitation.我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。介词宾语：Thatdependsonwhereweshallgo.那取决于我们去哪儿。2）Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如：Itisnotyetdecidedwhowilldothatjob.还没决定谁做这项工作。Itremainsunknownwhentheyaregoingtogetmarried.他们何时结婚依然不明。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mif,whether引导的名词从句1）yes-no型疑问从句从属连词if,whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同，例如：主语：Whethertheplanisfeasibleremainstobeproved.这一计划是否可行还有等证实。宾语：Letusknowwhether/ifyoucanfinishthearticlebeforeFriday.请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。表语：Thepointiswhetherweshouldlendhimthemoney.问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。同位语：Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherthemanistrustworthy.他们调查他是否值得信赖。形容词宾语：She"sdoubtfulwhetherweshallbeabletocome.她怀疑我们是否能够前来。介词宾语：Iworryaboutwhetherhecanpassthroughthecrisisofhisillness.我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。2）选择性疑问从句选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…ornot构成，例如： Pleasetellmewhether/iftheyareSwedishorDanish.请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。Idon"tcarewhetheryouliketheplanornot.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m否定转移1)将think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。Idon"tthinkIknowyou.我想我并不认识你。Idon"tbelievehewillcome.我相信他不回来。注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。Ihopeyouweren"till.我想你没有生病吧。2)将seem,appear等后的从句的否定转移到前面。Itdoesn"tseemthattheyknowwheretogo.看来他们不知道往哪去。Itdoesn"tappearthatwe"llhaveasunnydaytomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。3)有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。Idon"trememberhavingeverseensuchaman.我记得从未见过这样一个人。(not否定动名词短语having…)It"snotaplacewhereanyonewouldexpecttoseestrangecharactersonthestreet.在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。(anyone作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)4)有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。Theantisnotgatheringthisforitselfalone.(否定状语)蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。HewasnotreadytobelievesomethingjustbecauseAristotlesaidso.(否定because状语)他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。Shehadnotbeenmarriedmanyweekswhenthatman"syoungerbrothersawherandwasstruckbyherbeauty.(否定状语manyweeks)她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 高考英语单选题解题技巧——强调句型★一般看到题目中开头是Itis/was或者It’s时，选that看看是不是强调句，直接去掉强调句式Itis/was和that后，看看剩余的部分还能组成一个完整的句子吗，能就对了，不能就不选that.另外，如果Itis/was或者It’s后面的时间前有介词或者时间后有….ago,later时一般选that.否则选befor.since.whenItwasthreehoursago_____helefthere.(答案:that，强调句型)Itwasthreeo’clock______helefthere.(答案:when前加具体时间，翻译成“某事发生时，时间是。。。”时间状语从句)Itisthreehours_________helefthere.(答案:since前加段时间，翻译成“自从。。。以来有多长时间”时间状语从句)Itwillbethreehours___heleaveshere.(答案:before前加段时间，翻译成“多久才”时间状语从句)Itwasn’tlong________helefthere.(答案:before前加段时间，翻译成“多久才”时间状语从句)强调句的基本句型：●陈述句：Itis（was）＋被强调的部分＋that（who）＋原句其它部分ItisonFridaythattheschoolsportsmeetingwillbeheld●疑问句Is（Was）it＋被强调的部分＋that（who）＋原句其它部分？IsitonFridaythattheschoolsportsmeetingwillbeheld？●特殊问句：特殊疑问词+Is（Was）itthat（who）＋原句其它部分？Whenisitthattheschoolsportsmeetingwillbeheld？强调句型的特点:去掉强调句式Itis/was和that后，剩余的部分还能组成一个完整的句子。强调句是用来强调主语，宾语，状语的，不能强调谓语动词。ItwasMikethatworehisnewcoattoattendthepartyyesterday.强调主语ItwasMike"newcoatthatheworetoattendthepartyyesterday.强调宾语ItwastoattendthepartythatMikeworehisnewcoatyesterday.强调目的状语ItwasyesterdaythatMikeworehisnewcoattoattendtheparty.强调时间状语上面的四句话把Itis/was和that去掉后都还能组成Mikeworehisnewcoattoattendthepartyyesterday.●强调句的考题形式一．考强调句的基本句型。陈述句、疑问句、特殊问句★1.Itwasinthestreet_____Ilostthebook.A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.where2.—___________thathemanagedtogettheinformation?—Oh,afriendofhishelpedhim.(2005山东）A.WherewasitB.WhatwasitC.HowwasitD.Whywasit二．考强调句的Notuntil形式：Itwasnotunitl……..that…….★3.Itwasnotuntillateintheevening_____herhusbandarrivedhome.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.how三．强调一个其它从句，例如主语从句，定语从句，状语从句。★4.Itwas_____hesaid_____disappointedmeatthattime. A.what;thatB.that;thatC.what;whatD.that;what5.Itwasthetraining_____hehadasayoungman_____madehimsuchagoodengineer.A.what;thatB.that;whatC.that;whichD.which:that6.____hecamebackhomethatweknewwhathadhappened.A.WhenitwasB.ItwaswhenC.WasitwhenD.Whenwasit四．为了避免重复，在回答的时候把强调句“that+＋原句其它部分”都省去。★7.---Ican’tfindMr.Smith.Wheredidyoumeethimthismorning?---Itwasinthehotel___hestayed.                                                                          A.that  Bwhich C.theone D.where这题在stay后省了thatImethimthismorning.其实hotel后___hestayed是定语从句。还原回去变成Itwasinthehotel___hestayedthatImethimthismorning.A.that  Bwhich C.theone D.where五：强调动名词作主语的8.----whatcausesyourheartattack？---Itis_____A．becauseofyouroverweightB.yourbeingoverweightC.becauseyouareoverweightD.youaresooverweight选B，若果选D则在开头加that。强调句练习1.Wereallthreepeopleinthecarinjuredintheaccident?No,___onlythetwopassengerswhogothurt.A.itwasB.thereisC.itwereD.therewas2.---Whoismakingsomuchnoiseinthegarden?---___thechildren.A.ItisB.TheyareC.ThatisD.Thereare3.Itwas___shewasabouttogoout___thetelephonerang.A.when;thatB.so;thatC.before;thenD.when;before4.4.Itwas___hesaid___disappointedme.A.what;thatB.that;whatC.that;whenD.it;when5.____thatsilverisnotwidelyusedasaconductor?A.WhyisB.IsitwhyC.WhyisitD.Whyisthat6.Ican’tfindMr.Smith.Wheredidyoumeethimthismorning?Itwasinthehotel___hestayed.A.thatBwhichC.theoneD.where7.Itwasinthesmallhouse___wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather___hespenthischildhood.A.which;thatB.that;whereC,which;whichD.that;which 8.Itwas___itwasrainingsohardthatwehadtostayathomealldayA.sinceB.forC.asD.because9.Is____threehours____theboy___familyispoortocometoschoolonfoot?A.it;that;whoseB.it;thatittakes;whoseC.itfor;thatittakes;whoseD.it;when;that10.Itwashiswife___lefthimwithoutsayinggoodbye.A.whoB.whichC.whenD.inwhich11.Itisonawinternight___hespentwithmelastnight.A.thatB.whereC.asD.when12Itistheyoungman___lookedfor___caughtthemurderer.A.that;whoB.that;theyC.they;thatDthey;which13.Itwas____myteacherworked____Iworkhard.A.where;thatB.where；whereC.that;thatD.that;where14.Itwasintheevening__wereachedthelittletownofWinchester.AthatB.untilC.sinceD.before15.Itwasuntildark___hefound___hethoughtwasthecorrectwaytosolvetheproblem.A.that;whatB.that;thatC.when;whatD.when;that16.Itistheabilitytodothejob____matters,notwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it17.Idon’tknow____thatyoustayhere.A.howlongitisB.howlongisitC.itishowlongD.isithowlong18.Itwas_____thatcausedhimtoservedinneranhourlaterthanusual.A.webeinglateB.ourbeinglateC.weweretoolateD.becausewewerelate19.---whatwasthepartylike?---Wonderful.It’syears_____Ienjoyedmyselfmuch.A.afterB.beforeC.thatD.sinc20.Why!Ihavenothingtoconfess(承认）.____youwantmetosay.A.WhatisitthatB.WhatitisthatC.HowisitthatD.Howitisthat keys:1~10AAAACAADBA11~20ACAAABABDB