中考英语语法专项复习-名词.pptx 38页

中考英语专项复习名词 名词noun名词即人或物的名字名词可分为:专有名词可数名词countablenoun[c]不可数名词uncountablenoun[u] 专有名词指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称．它的第一个字母必须大写．Ａ：表示人名如：LuXun;DoctorLiＢ：表示地名如：China;ChangAnStreet;LondonＣ：由普通名词构成的专有名词如：theUnitedStatesofAmericatheCommunistPartytheSummerPalacetheSpringFestival 不可数名词[u]I.物质名词:无法分为个体的实物的名词.beef牛肉blood血液cheese奶酪cotton棉花glass玻璃coffee咖啡ink墨水iron铁juice果汁ice冰lemonade柠檬汁litter垃圾medicine药metal金属plastic塑料 不可数名词[u]I.物质名词:无法分为个体的实物的名词.rice米rubber橡胶rubbish垃圾sand沙子silk丝绸silver银smoke烟snowrainwatersugarwindwine酒tea茶paper纸salt盐wood木头wool羊毛work工作 不可数名词[u]II.抽象名词(看不见摸不着):advice建议courage勇气danger危险safety安全experience经验knowledge知识peace和平pride自尊,骄傲time时间health健康 不可数名词[u]III.furniture家具information消息news新闻moneymusicpractice练习progress进步room空间,地方noise噪音housework家务homework作业hair头发 不可数名词的量1.不可数名词前不可以加数词,但可以加lotsof;plentyof;agreatdealof;abitof;much;more;some;alittle;little….There’smuch___inthefridge.A.breadB.eggsC.vegetablesD.applesA 不可数名词的量2.不可数名词前可以加容器名词表示量;apieceof;acupof;twobagsof;fivebottlesof…Therearetwo___onthetable.glassB.glassofwatersC.glassesofwaterD.glassesofwatersC 不可数名词的量*单个的不可数名词用做主语,动词用单三形式TThemusic___soft.soundB.areC.soundsD.feelCThenews_______exciting.is/sounds 可数名词[c]可数名词由单数变为复数的规则I.直接在词尾加se.g.*bookscups*beds*boyshorsespagesII 可数名词[c]可数名词由单数变为复数的规则II.以s,x,-ch,-sh结尾的词,在词尾加-esaddress,boss,box,brush,classcoach,dish,dress,glass,kiss,research,speech,success,watchwish,fox 可数名词[c]可数名词由单数变为复数的规则III.以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es，activity,babycity,copy,cry,diary,dictionary,duty,factory,family,fly,hobby,lady,studyuniversity,victory胜利,company 可数名词[c]如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词，则只须加s。e.g.：monkey-monkeys,boy-boys,day-days,key-keystoy-toys 可数名词[c]IV.以o结尾的名词，只有potato,tomato,hero,Negro(黑人),zero,加es构成复数。Negroesandheroeslikespotatoesandtomatoes.黑人和英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿. 可数名词[c]V.以f、fe结尾的名词，变f、fe为v再加es，e.g.：knife—knives,leaf-leaves,half-halves,shelf-shelvesthief-thievesself-selveswolf-wolves,wife-wives,housewife-housewives 可数名词[c]*单复数形式相同的词：sheep--sheepdeer-deerfish-fishyuanjiaofenjinliChinese--Chinese中国人Japanese--Japanese日本人Look,somesheep___overthere.Therearemany____workinghere.areChinese 可数名词[c]*(1)tooth--teeth，foot—feet,goose-geese(2)man--men，woman--women，policeman--policemen,Frenchman—FrenchmenGerman--Germans(3)child—children,mouse-mice,ox–oxen(4)bananatree–bananatrees,man/womanteacher–men/womenteachers 可数名词[c](4).常以复数形式出现的名词：people(人)，clothes(衣服)trousers(裤子)glasses(眼镜)public(公众）Myclothesarenewerthanyours. 可数名词[c]注：population是集合名词，看作一个整体，一般不加，在句中做主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式；表人口“多”“少”时，用large(big)或small．Theworld’spopulationisgrowingfasterandfaster.Thiscountryhasalarge/smallpopulation.注：hundred,thousand,million前用基数词或afew,several等修饰时，用单数． 可数名词[c](5).有些名词看似复数形式，实际上后面用单数。e.g.：news(消息)，maths(数学)，physics(物理)politics(政治）Nonewsisgoodnews.Physicsisveryhardforme. 可数名词[c](６)可用howmany，many，afew，few，alotof，lotsof，some，any,indifferent…等来修饰可数名词复数。Howmany_____arethereinyourpencil-box?(knife)…thananyother+单数名词Heistallerthananyotherstudentintheclass.knives 可数名词[c](7)the姓氏＋s表示“一家”;the+形容词　表示一类人；做主语看作是复数谓语动词用原形．*TheBlanks___(go)toBeijingforvacationeverysummer.*Thepoor__notdifferentfromtherich.goare 可数名词[c](8)表示时间、长度、距离、金钱、度量等的名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Twoyears__quitealongtime.Tendollars___enough.isis 可数名词[c](9)apairof＋名词复数Thenumberof＋名词复数谓语动词用单数形式．Apairofshoes___underthebed.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool___2000.isis 可数名词[c]名词+with,except等介词+名词　做主语谓语动词应根据介词前面的名词来确定．Thewomanwithtwochildren___cominghere.NobodyexceptXiaoWang__finishedthework.ishas III.名词所有格:英语中用“…’s”,“…of…”表示所有关系,汉意为“…的…” 1.表示“某人的”,用“…’s…”Heworriesabouthisfather’shealth这是格林先生的大衣.ThisisMrGreen’scoat.Herfriend’ssuccessissurprising.她朋友的成功另人惊奇.他为父亲的健康担心. 2.如果某物为两个人共有,在后面的名词后加“…’s…”;如果不是共有的,两个名词后分别加“…’s…”TheseareMary’sandKate’sbooks.ThisisMaryandKate’sroom.这是Mary和Kate的房间(共有).这些是Mary和Kate的书(不共有). 3.如果复数名词以s结尾,则只加“…’…”;如果复数本身不含s,则加“…’s…”.TomorrowisChildren’sDay.Thesearestudents’books.这些是学生用书.明天是儿童节.人民医院在那里.People’shospitalisoverthere. 4.表示某人家,店铺,诊所,工作处,在名词后加“…’s…”:thedoctor’sManypeopleareatthedoctor’s.TheyareatMrGreen’s.他们在格林先生家.医生的诊室里有很多人. *5.表示时间,距离可以在名词后加“…’s…”today’snewspapertenminutes’walktwohours’drivetwodays’tripHowfarisit?It’stenminutes’drive. *of的用法表示“某物的”用…“of”Thecoverofthebookisdirty.Onbothsidesoftherivertherearetrees.*双重所有格Thatmanisafriendofmyfather’s.SomeinventionsofEdison’sareuseful.Herearetwophotosofmine. Wehaveboughttwo___forthecomingparty.(2005吉林）A:boxofapplesB:boxesofapplesC:boxofappleD:boxesofappleB ２．Itisover___fromShijiazhuangtoBeijing.(2005河北）A:threehours’driveB:threehour’sdriveC:threehours’drivesD:threehoursdriveA ３．___luckypeopletheyare!(2005湖南）A:WhatB:WhataC:WhatanD:How4.Don’tworry.Wehave__timetodothejob.（2005厦门)A:enoughB:fewC:manyD:littleＡA 5.Thecameraisn’tyours.It’s___.Yoursisinthetent.(2005青海）A:Lucy’sandLilyB:Lucy’sandLily’sC:LucyandLily’sD:LucyandLily Seeyoulater!