高考英语语法专项—名词性从句 57页

语法—名词性从句nounclause 英语句子的种类简单句(simplesentence)并列句(compoundsentence)复合句(complexsentence)英语句子概论 简单句的五种基本句型Theweatherisverycold.主语+谓语（连系动词）+表语Helaughed.主语+谓语（vi.）IlikeChinesefood.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语Shetaughtthemphysics.主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语Wemustkeeptheroomwarm.主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语+宾语补足语 并列句把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来。IturnedontheTV.MysisterandIwatchedit.IturnedontheTVandmysisterandIwatchedit.Iboughtmysisterapresent.Shedidn’tlikeit.Iboughtmysisterapresent,butshedidn’tlikeit.并列句并列句常用并列连词:平行并列连词:转折并列连词：因果并列连词:选择并列连词:and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…norbut,however,while,yet,or,either…orfor,so 复合句:主句+从句名词性从句定语从句状语从句1.TheboywhoisstandingoverthereisTom2.Becauseitisraining,wehavetostayathome定语从句状语从句3.Iknow(that)heisfromAmerica(宾语从句）名词性从句--- NounClauses(名词性从句)SubjectClause(主语从句)AppositiveClause（同位语从句）ObjectClause（宾语从句）PredicativeClause（表语从句） Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.主语从句宾语从句表语从句名词性从句的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。同位语从句 名词性从句考点归纳1.引导词2.语序问题3.时态问题4.主谓一致问题5.名词性从句中的虚拟语气6.it做形式主语、形式宾语的用法7.同位语从句与定语从句的区别 名词性从句的引导词(1)从属连词thatwhetherif＊只起连接作用，不充当从句中的任何成分。(2)连接代词who(ever)whom(ever)whose(ver)which(ever)what(ever)＊既起连接作用，本身又在从句中做成分(3)连接副词whenwhywherehow，howmany，howmuch，＊既起连接作用，本身又在从句中做状语。 一、that从属连词that本身无意义，在名词性从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用。1、宾语从句LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud. 规则一：1.当宾语从句由连词that引导，that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。2.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that从句作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句,that不可省掉。 温馨提示：在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。I’msorry(that)Idon’tknow.We’resure(that)ourteamwillwin.I’mafraid(that)hewon’tpasstheexam. ____________________iscertain.（我们将迟到了）2.________________________isapity.(你错过了这次机会)Mydreamis_____________________________(我将来有我自己的公司)4.I’vecomefromMrWangwithamessage__________________________________________(他今天下午不能来看你了)ThatweshallbelateThatyoumissedthechancethatIwillhavemyowncompanythathewon’tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon主语从句主语从句表语从句同位语从句 规则二：当主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句由连词that引导时，that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，但是不可以省略。 1.Iaskedher____________shehadabike.2.We’reworriedabout_________heissafe.3.Idon’tknow_________heiswellornot.4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.5.Idon’tknow__________togo.6.________themeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.if/whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether二、whether/if __________heisfreenowiscertain.Theproblemis___________wecangetthereontime.Hemustanswerthequestion__________heagreestoitornot.Whetherwhetherwhether 规则：1.宾语从句由连词whether或if引导，表“是否”，常可互换，不能省略。2.if/whether的区别：1)当有ornot时就用whether,不用if.2)介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.3)whether可与动词不定式连用，if不能。4)主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中,只能用whether,不能用if. 三、what______hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.2.Heisnolonger_____hewas.3.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin_____wasawastelandtenyearsago.4.After______seemedlikehourshecameoutwithabittersmile.5.Ourincomeisnowdouble______itwastenyearsago.6.Doyouknow______hesaidjustnow?Whatwhatwhatwhatwhatwhat 规则：what引导名词性从句，除了表示“什么”，还可以表示：表示“……的东西或事情”；“……的人或的样子”（身份或地位）…的地方…的时间…的数量或数目 Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee______itis.任何最后离开房间的人应该把灯关掉。_________________________oughttoturnoffthelight.他的问题是哪个学生英语最好。Hisquestionis____________________atEnglish哪个最喜欢就拿哪个。Take________________whoWhoeverleavestheroomlastwhichstudentisthebestwhicheveryoulike Couldyoushowme_____Icanreachthestation?我们就是这样克服困难的.Thatwas____weovercamethedifficultiesIhavenoidea______hehasgone.这就是我不同意的地方.Thisis_______Idisagree.这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因.Thisis_____shegotupsoearlythismorning._____hedidn’tcomeisstillunknowntous.__________________________isunderdiscussion我们什么时候开始开会……Manystudentssaythattheirtimeatuniversityis______theycanexperiencepurelove.howhowwherewherewhyWhyWhenwe’llbeginthemeetingwhen 规则：Wh-引导表语从句时，它们通常不含有疑问意义，而是分别体现具体的地点、时间、原因和方式。 名词性从句的语序Hisbrotherasks_________________thelibrary.……他什么时候去图书馆Idon’tknowwhatisthematterthetroublewrongwithhim.名词性从句中，除了连接词要提到句首之外，一律要用陈述句语序。whenhewillgoto 2.Ourphysicsteacheroncetoldusthatlight__________（travel）fasterthansound.travels总结归纳：c.主句的动词用一般现在时，从句谓语可根据需要选用各种时态1.Hesaidthathewillgotothestation..3.TomsaysthatMary____(go)abroadlastyearand_________(be)therefornearly5months.a.主句的动词用过去时，从句谓语动词用过去的某种时态b.主句的动词用过去时，从句表示客观事实，格言，谚语等，从句谓语动词用一般现在时wenthasbeenwould名词性从句的时态 Whenthemeetingwillbegin_____(have)notbeendecidedyet.Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurdered______(is/are)stillunknown.单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用_____形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用_____形式。由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用_____形式。总结归纳：单数复数hasWhentheywillstartandwheretheywillgo_____(be)stillunknown.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbegin_____(have)notbeendecidedyet.arehas单数名词性从句的主谓一致 名词性从句(主)的虚拟语气Itisorderedthathe___________(take)theexamination.Itisstrangethathe_____(tell)youthis.shouldtaketell基本句型：Itis+形容词、名词、过去分词+that...+(should)doa.Itisimportant(necessary,natural,strange,advisableetc)+thatb.Itisapity(ashame,nowonderetc)+thatc.Itissuggested(ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insistedetc)+that Wesuggestedthatthemeeting___________(putoff)总结归纳：①表示建议、要求、命令,坚持等动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist．request、command、order后的从句谓语动词用__________________________注意suggest当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist表示“坚持认为”之意时，从句按需要来选择时态(should)+do/bedoneThesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathe______(was/be/is)satisfiedwithourwork.was名词性从句（宾）的虚拟语气beputoff a.IwishI ______(know) the answernow.b.Iwishhe__________(pass)  the examyesterday.c.IwishI ________(fly) to the moon in a few years.对现在虚拟时，that从句中谓语用过去时对过去虚拟时，用had＋过去分词对将来虚拟时，用would (might等)＋动词原形knewhad passedwould fly总结归纳：②名词性从句（宾）的虚拟语气 在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即________________________Hissuggestionthatyou___________(try)oncemoresoundsreasonable.2.Theordergivenbythecommanderwasthatthey________________(notstop)untilthecommanderallowedtheyto.总结归纳：(should)+do/bedone名词性从句（表、同）的虚拟语气(should)try(should)notstop 名词性从句中it做形式宾语、形式主语找出下列句子中的错误1.Ithinkthatworthwhilethatwespentsomuchmoneyonthesebooks.2.Thatishardtodecidewhenandwherewewillholdoursportsmeeting.thatwespentsomuchmoneyonthesebooks.it形式宾语whenandwherewewillholdoursportsmeeting.It形式主语总结归纳：当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，常常将从句______，而用it作为形式主语置于句首。it也可作形式宾语。后置 用it作形式主语的结构(1)Itis＋名词＋从句Itisafactthat…事实是…Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常识(2)Itis＋形容词＋从句Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…(3)It＋不及物动词＋从句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…Itappearsthat…似乎…(4)It＋be+过去分词＋从句Itisreportedthat…据报道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实…Itissaidthat…据说… Wethinkitimportantthatwelearnaforeignlanguage.Weconsideritourdutytocleanourclassroomeveryday.该句型中的it作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为：6123结构6指主句中常用的动词：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel；1指的是形式宾语it；2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。 同位语从句和定语从句的区别Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpected.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.定语从句同位语从句Thequestionwhohelpedusoutofdifficultyremainstobeanswered.Thequestionwhichseemssostrangeremainstobeanswered.同位语从句定语从句1、同位语从句:说明名词的内容,wh-表示疑问,that不做成分,不能省略2、定语从句:说明名词的性质特征,wh-不表示疑问。引导词做句子成分,做宾语可以省略 判断:定语从句or同位语从句1.Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.2.Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.3.ThenewsthathewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.4.Thenewsthatwegotlastweekistrue.5.Thequestionthatwediscussedyesterdayisadifficultone.(定语从句)(同位语从句)(同位语从句)(定语从句)(定语从句) Thankyou! PredicativeClauses表语从句 从属连词(不作成分）连接代词（作成分）连接副词（作状语）what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+everthat,whether,asif/asthoughwhen,where,how,why.because表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem表语从句Thequestionis_____wecanrelyonhim.That’s_____wewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helooked____hewasgoingtocry.That’s_____Iwaslate.whetherbecauseasifwhy 1.That’s___thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis___heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis___theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger___shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when appositiveClauses同位语从句 同位语从句1.跟在某些名词后面，对该名词作进一步解释说明。常用名词有belief,fact,idea,hope,news,doubt,result,thought,information,opinion等。Suggestion,suggestorderdemandwish等2.常用连词：that;when,where,why,howe.g.1.消息传来，拿破仑要来视察他的军队。WordcamethatNapoleonwouldcomeandinspecthisgrandarmy.It’sthequestionhowhedidit.3同位语从句多用that引导，无意义，不可省。2.问题是他如何做这件事的4.在havenoidea之后用wh-引导同位语从句Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.Ihavenoideawhenhedidit.Ihavenoideawhathedid. 1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight._____________________________________________________Thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot._____________________________________________________________WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina. 4.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.5.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.3.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview.____________________________________________________ManyBritishparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline.____________________________Thereisnoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible.______________________________________________________ThesuggestionthatChinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool. 1.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpected.2.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.定语从句同位语从句3.连词that在同位语从句中不可省略,而在定语从句中当它充当宾语时可以省略。区别that引导的同位语从句和定语从句：1.引导同位语的连词that在句中不作任何句子成分，而在定语从句中，that充当的可以是从句的主语或宾语等2.同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的具体说明，而定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰，解释为“….的”3.Thefactthatsheworkshardiswellknowntousall.1.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.2.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue同位语从句定语从句同位语从句 判断:定语从句or同位语从句1.Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.2.Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.3.ThenewsthathewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.4.Thenewsthatwegotlastweekistrue.5.Thequestionthatwediscussedyesterdayisadifficultone.(定语从句)(同位语从句)(同位语从句)(定语从句)(定语从句) 1.____madetheschoolproudwas____morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.AWhat/becauseBWhat/thatCThat/whatDThat/because2.___shecouldn’tunderstandwas___fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.AWhat/whyBThat/whatCWhat/becauseDWhy/thatBAB3.Heisabsentfromschool.Itis__heisseriouslyill.A.whyB.becauseC.thatD.thereason4___hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.AWhoBTheoneCAnyoneDWhoever5.Informationhasbeenputforward__moregraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.AthatBhowCwhereDwhatDA 6---IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.---Isthat___youhadafewdaysoff?AwhyBwhenCwhatDwhere7---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?---Oh,that’s___.AwhatmakesmefeelexcitedBwhateverIfeelexcitedaboutChowIfeelaboutitDwhenIfeelexcitedAA .__fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.AWhatBThatCThisDWhich10.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly__hewants.AwhatBwhichCwhenDthat11.Wemadethesuggestionthathe___hiswork.AcontinuesBcontinueCcontinuedDhadcontinuedBAB 12.Therewillbeaspecialpricefor____buysthingsinlargenumberhere.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.Whomever13.Marywroteanarticleon____theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.whyB.whatC.whoD.that(05)14.Thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept__helphecanget.(05)A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whenever 14.Manynewspaperprintedthegovernor’sstatement_____wouldsupportataxcut.andheB.wasthatheCwhichheDthathe15._____manmustfearwhentravelinginspaceisradiationfromthesun.WhichB.HowC.WhatD.That16.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.A.HoweverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever 16.Shereceivedthemessage___hewouldcomebyplane.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when17.Energyis___makesthingswork.A.whatB.somethingC.anythingD.that18.Ourcityhaschangedalot,andnowitisquitedifferentfrom__afewyearsago.A.whatitusedtobeB.thatitusedtobeC.whichitusedtobeD.whatwasit 19.Weallknowthetruth___thereareair,waterandsunlight,therearelivingthings.A.whereverB.whereC.thatD.thatwherever20.Thetruevalueoflifeisnotin___,but____.A.howyouget;thatyougiveB.whichyouget;whatyougiveC.whatyouget;whatyougiveD.whatdoyouget;whatdoyougive21.___isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It ThenewsthatLiuXiangwonthe110hurdlesBroughtChinesegreathappiness.News,broughtChinesegreathappiness.LiuXiangthe110hurdlesMakeasentence30 thecatdomadeWhatthecatdidmadethebabycry.WhatcryMakeasentence30 don’tkonwwhatdowheregoThemandoesn’tknowwhereheshouldgoandwhatheshoulddo.Makeasentence30 talkabouttheuseofcellphoneWhattheyaretalkingaboutistheuseofcellphone.Makeasentence30 report,getthehighestpoints,matchItisreportedthatYaoMinggotthehighestpointsinthematch.Makeasentence30 Itmakestheteacherangrythatthechilddoesn’tknowtheanswer.teacherangryDon’tknowtheanswerMakeasentence30