2019版高考英语语法专题突破全国通用版（全解析）专项训练：专题5数词和主谓一致word版含解析 12页

专题五数词和主谓一致高考感知k1.（2017•全国卷I,67）Fastfood（be）fulloffatandsalt;byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.答案：isfastfood“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。2.（2017•江苏高考，24）ThepublicationofGreatExpectations,which（be）bothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised，strengthenedDickens’statusasaleadingnovelist.答案:was关系代词which指代的是先行词GreatExpectations,是一本书，再根据strengthened可知需用一般过去时。3.（2016•全国卷II，63）Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow（be）oftenacceptable.答案：is本句中动名词短语作主语谓语动词用单数，且此处描述作者的观点，应用一般现在时。4.（2016•全国卷III，69）Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand（be）tooviolentforuseatthetable.答案：werebelieved后眼一个宾语从句，and连接了两个并列的谓语，主语knives是复数概念，根据时态一致的原则，这里用一般过去时，故填were。5.（2015•江苏高考，30）Therealreasonwhypricesandstillare,toohighiscomplex,andnoshortdiscussioncansatisfactorilyexplainthisproblem.答案：were根据句中的“andstillare（现在仍然是）”可以得知 过去也是一样的情形，故用were。1.（2017-全国卷I，短文改错）Inthesummerholidayfollowingmyeighteenbirthday,Itookdrivinglessons. 答案：eighteen—eighteenth表示“第十八个生日”应用序数词。一、数词（一）基数词的用法1.基数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、同位语和表语。ThreeofushavebeentoGuangzhou.I"dliketwosweatersformydaughter.Thedeskisforyoutwo.—Howoldareyou?—I’mtwelve.2.基数词表示具体数目时，hundred,thousand,million用单数。在表示“数百”“数千”“数百万”等不确定数0时，在hundreds，thousands,millions后接“of+名词复数”。TheGreatWallisoversixthousandkilometerslong.Thosemountainsarethousandsofmetreshigh.3.表示“儿十”的基数词的复数形式，可用来表示某人的岁数或年代。HewenttotheUnitedStatesinhistwenties.4.“基数词+名词”构成的合成形容词作定语，其中的名词用单数。two-monthholiday两个月的假（二）序数词的用法1.序数词前要加定冠词the，在句中作定语放在被修饰的名词前。Thesecondlessonismoredifficultthanthefirst.2.序数词前加不定冠词a/an，表示“再一，乂一”的意思。Hecastitathirdtime,anddrewinalotofstones.3.给东西编号时，序号在前用序数词，序号在后用基数词。TheFifthLesson,LessonFive第五课No.14middleschool十四中 注意：房间号码和电话号码要一个一个分别读。Room203（读作roomtwoothree）754662（读作sevenfivefourdoublesixtwo）1.分数表示法分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子是1时，分母用单数；分子大于1时，分母用复数。去one-fourth或aquarter^three-fourths去ahalf或onehalf|two-fifths1亏oneandone-fifth（三）年份、日期、时刻读法1.年份四位数通常分两组来读1996读作nineteenninety-six1905读作nineteenofive或nineteenandfive2000谈作twothousand2.日期用序数词表示July3rd读作JulythethirdNovember25th读作Novemberthetwenty-fifthDecember1st读作Decemberthefirst世纪也用序数词表示：the20thcentury3.吋刻时刻有两种读法：一是直接读数字，先说钟点数，后说分钟数二是先说分钟数，后说钟点数。用介词past表示几点过几分（不超过半小时）或用to表示几点差几分（超过半小时，还差多少分钟到下一个钟点）。4：10fourten/tenpastfour5：15fivefifteen/aquarterpastfive6：30sixthirty/halfpastsix 7：45sevenforty-five/aquartertoeight主谓一致主语和谓语一致，主要是谓语动词必须和作主语的名词或人称代词在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致通常有语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三个原则。主谓一致的常考点and连接两个或两个以1.审数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数LucyandLilyaretwinsisters.manya，morethanone接中•数名同作主i/fManyafamouspopstarhasbeenruinedbydrugs.时，谓语动词用单数Morethanoneworkerhasfinishedthetask.关系代同作主语，定语从句中刖语动同的数I"mreadytodoallthosetilingswhicharemorechallenging.语法取决于先行词Theytooktheonlyfreetable，whichwasjustinsidethedoor.一致的常考点主讯后打with，togetherwith,alongwith,except•besides，aswellas«ratherthan,but•including*inadditionto短语吋语动词的数与短语前的名词或代词的数保持一致They*togetherwithmyfather，havegonetoWashington.Tom，aswellashisparents♦goestoBeijingforavisit.Lily*ratherthanhertwosisters•wasadmittedintoTsingluiaUniversity.动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及句子作主语，iW语动词州单数。注:what引导的主语从句中，如果表讲是笈数.谓语动词用鉍数Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.Whetherwellgodependsontheweather.Whatwehavetocarryisaheavybox.-thenumberof...”作主语时•谓访动词用笮数numberof...”作主语时•谓语动词用复数ThenumberoftravellerstoLondonhasdroppedby100,000.AnumberoffactorieshavebeenmovedoutofBeijing.衣示时间、金钱、距离、重站的名词作主讲时，谓语动词用中数2,500milesisalongdistance.Twohoursistooshortforthevisit.W名、人名、书名、组织机构等专打名词作主语，谓语动词用单数TheUnitedStatesisalargecountry.意义一致分数•百分数，all.some.most，therest,theremaining.partof$作主语时•调语动词的数根据of后的名词决定Therestoftheworkersarestillverytired.Therestoftheoilwaswasted.Alotofstudentsarecomingtothemeeting.Alotofworkistobedonetopreparefortheconference.Threefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredwithwater.的常考点“the+形律表示—类人/物时，谓语动＜川复数；衣水抽象槪念时语动间用单数Manyofthewoundeddiedontheirwaytohospital.Thebeautifulislovedbyall. 不叫数名同、不定式、动名词以及从句作主语时，谓语动词用單数Swimmingintheseaisgreatfun.Persuadinghimtojoinusseemsreallyhard.Togotobedearlyandtoriseearlyisagoodhabit.Whateverwasleftwastakenaway.family*class，enemy，team*group，govern-mint等集体名词若看作一个粮体•iW讲动M用单数》若侧重其成员，谓语动词用复数Ourteamwinsfirstinthegame.Myfamilyaregoingonatripthissummer.population表示人口时，调诱动词川单数；当其前冇分数、紅分数修饰时.表示全体居民.这时谓语动词用复数ThepopulationofCanadaisabout29million.Athirdofthepopulationnowsmokeinthiscountry.就近一致的常考点[tlor*either...or.neither...nor*not…but.notonly...butalso等连接的并列主语.谓语动词的填复数要与靠近的主语的弟复数保待一致Washeoryouabletopersuadeher?NeitherhenorIamgoingtothecinema.therebe句型或herebe句型后曲是并列主语.be4:数上与邻近的主语保持一致Thereisabookandmanypencilsonthedesk."one/eithcr/cachof•复数名闻/代诚’•作主语时.谓语动同常用单数OneofthejudgeswasTVpresenterDawnPorter.Eitheroftheplansisequallydangerous.Moneandahalf+虹数名尚”作主.表示整体概念时，谓语动词用单数Oneandahalfhoursisenough.主谓一致的特殊情况“It+be+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分”强调句型中.如果被强调部分足主语.that/who后i胃语与被强调部分的人称和数保持一致Itistheywhohaveworkedthereforfiveyears.“themajorityof+复数名词”作主语时•谓语动阏用复数；“aquantityof+名词”作主语时*谓语动词与名词保待数的-•致；而Mquan.titieSOf+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数ThemajorityofIxjyslikefootbalkQuantitiesofmoneyhavebeenspentinbringingupthechildrensincetheyweremarried.Alargequantityofairconditionershavebeensoldsincethesummercame.专项训练kI.单句语法填空1.Allweneed(be)asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.答案：isweneed是一个省略了关系代词that的定语从句。先行词all即句子的主语，是不定代词，且由设空后的asmallpieceofland可知，谓语动词需用单数形式is。2.Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents(be)toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.答案：is句意：你或者你的一位学生务必要参加明天召开的会议。根据就近原则谓语动词的人称和数根据oneofyourstudents而定。 3-DrSmith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,(be)goingtovisitBeijingthissummer.答案：is句意：今年夏天，史密斯博士，要和他的妻子和女儿们一起游览北京。togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters短语补充说明主语，谓语动词应和主语保持一致。1.Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts(cause)hearinglossinsometeenagers.答案:hascaused动名词短语作主语，谓语动词需用单数形式。根据语境可知该句子应用现在完成时。2.Nothebutyou(be)tobefired.AndnotonlyyoubutalsoIamtobefiredthistime.答案：arenot(only)...but(also)连接并列主语，谓语依据“就近一致”原则，故填are。3.MrBlack,aswellastheprofessorwho(come)fromBeijingUniversity,(be)toattendourschoolmeeting.答案：comes;is第一空为定语从句的谓语动词，应与先行词一致，theprofessor是单数，故谓语动词用单数；第二空是主句的谓语动词，主语是MrBlack，谓语动词用单数，且本句描述一般情况，应用一般现在时。4.ThepopulationofJiangsu(have)growntomorethantwicewhatitwasin1949.Thefigureisnowapproaching74million.答案：hasThepopulationof“的人口”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。5.40%ofthestudentsinourschool(be)fromtheotherpartsofHunan,which(be)arelativelylargenumber.答案：are;is句意：我们学校百分之四十的学生来自湖南的其他地方，这是一个相对较大的数量。分数或百分数作主语时，谓语动词应依据分数或百分数所指代的名词而定，本句第一空40%指代的是 thestudents,故谓语动词应用复数;第二空which指代的是先行词40%本身，故谓语动词应用单数，且句子描述一般事实，应用一般现在时。1._Whyisthechemicalplantclosed?—Becauselargequantitiesofwastewater(release)intotheYangtzeRiver.答案：havebeenreleased“(large)quantitiesof+不可数名词/可数名词”作主语，谓语动词需用复数，有类似用法的还有amountsof...。根据化工厂被关闭这一语境可知大量的废水已经被排放到长江，故用现在完成时的被动语态。2.AteacherofEnglishandclassteacher(tell)ussomethingaboutvolunteerworkers.答案：istelling句意：一位英语老师兼班主任将给我们讲一些关于志愿者的事情。本句的主语是AteacherofEnglishandclassteacher这是一个老师，既是英语老师也是班主任。所以谓语动词使用单数形式。3.单句改错1.Beingexposedtoloudmusictoomuchhavecausedhearinglossinsometeenagers.答案：have—has句子的主语是动名词短语，谓语动词应用单数形式。2.Largequantitiesofwaterisneededforirrigation.答案：isare句意：灌概需要大量的水。quantitiesof无论修饰不可数名词还是修饰可数名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词用复数，且此句描述一般事实，谓语动词应用一般现在时。3.Everypossiblemeanshavebeenusedtopreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear. 答案：have-has句意：已采取了各种各样的措施预防空气污染，但天空还是不清亮。means单复数同形，但是当means由every,each或no修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。1.Hankaswellastheotherchildrenwhohavenoparentsarebeingtakengoodcareofinthecenter.答案：are->is句意：汉克和其他的没有父母的孩子在那个中心得到了很好的照顾。句子的主语是Hank,因此谓语动词应用单数形式，且由语境可知，本句描述一般情况，应用一般现在时。2.Thepopulationofthiscity,fortypercentofwhichareGermans,haverisenby15%inthelastthreeyears.答案：have-^has句意：这个城市40%的人是德国人，其人口在过去的三年里已经增加了15%。population指人口多少，如用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，且本句描述一般事实，应用一般现在时。III.语法填空ManyofVanGogh’spaintingswereinspiredbywarm,yellowsunlightbecausehelovedhowitcouldlightuptheworldindifferentways.HispaintingSunflowers,forexample,1(fill)withvividyellowsandbrowns.Thesecolorsgive_2_paintingafeelingofwarmthandwell-being.However,thesunflowersareactuallydeadanddying.TheresultisapaintingthatcombinesthewarmthoflifethatVanGoghloved3thefeelingsofsadnessthatwereallaroundhim.Itisapaintingthatiswarm,beautifulandsadallatthesametime.VanGogh’smostfamouspainting,TheStarryNight，takesthis4(mix)ofjoyandsadnessonestepfurther.Itisalandscapefullofdeepbluesandshadows5representthesadnessVanGoghwasfeelingashe6(paint),ratherthanwhathewasactullyseeing.ThisiswhyVanGogh’s7(image)inhispaintinglookmoreimaginedthanreal.ThestarsandmooninTheStarryNightare8(unusual)bright,g(they)lightswirling(旋动)abovethedarkeninghills.A treethatlookslikeblackfirecutsthroughtheviewofthenight,10(interrupt)itsbeauty.1.2.3.4.1.6.7.8.9.10.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了凡•高作品的艺术特占。M、、O1.isfilled考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句缺少谓语，主语是Hispainting加wen1，谓语动词应用单数，且此处表示一种客观事实，应用一般现在时，再结合固定搭配befilledwith可知，填isfilledo2.the考查冠词。前面提到了这幅画作，此处表特指，应用the。3.with考查介词。固定搭配combine...with...“把和结合”，符合语境。4.mixture考查词性转换。动词后面接名词作宾语。5.which/that考查定语从句的引导词。本句中，representthesadness...feeling”是定语从句，修饰先行词deepbluesandshadows,关系词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that或which。6.waspainting考查时态。由连词as“当时”和下文的hewasactuallyseeing”可知此处也应该用过去进行时。7.images考查名词的数。他作品中的形象不止一个，且根据谓语动词look可知，主语应用名词的复数形式。8.unusually考查词性转换。修饰形容词应用副词。9.their考查代词。名词前需要使用形容词性物主代词，且此处是指繁星和月亮的光线，故填their。10.interrupting考查非谓语动词。逗号后与句子之间无连词连 接，所填词应用非谓语动词，且句子主语atree和interrupt构成逻辑上的主谓关系，表主动，故填现在分词作状语，表结果。IV.短文改错MyschoolholdsasportsmeetingineveryOctober.Wealllookedforwardtoit，foritisatimeforustoreducestressanditalwaysbringsuslotsofunforgettablememories.Itusuallylastforthreedays，duringwhichtimewehavenoclasses.Allthestudentgototheplaygroundtowatchorjoiningingames.ThepartIlikemostistherelayrace.Withracegoingon,ourexcitementgrows.Allofthemyellout“comeon”totheathletes,watchingthemcompetingaggressive.Themostbreathtakingmomentisthattheathletesaregettingtothefinishingline.Somebodycantellwhoisthewinneruntilthelastminute.答案：MyschoolholdsasportsmeetinghjeveryOctober.Weall①lookedforwardtoit,foritisatimeforustoreducestressanditalways②lookbringsuslotsofunforgettablememories.Itusuallylastforthreedays，③lastsduringwhichtimewehavenoclasses.Allthestudentgotothe④studentsplaygroundtowatchorjoiningingames.ThepartIlikemostisthe⑤joinrelayrace.WithAracegoingon,ourexcitementgrows.Allofthem⑥the⑦usyellout“comeon”totheathletes,watchingthemcompetingaggressive.⑧aggressivelyThemostbreathtakingmomentisthattheathletesaregettingtothe⑨whenfinishingline.Somebodycantellwhoisthewinneruntilthelastminute.⑱Nobody1.去掉in考查介词。表示时间的名词前有every,any等词修饰时不再用介词。 1.looked-*look考查动词的时态。由下一个并列句“anditalwaysbringsus...”可知，此处应改为一般现在时。2.last-blasts考查主谓一致。该句主语是第三人称单数it,谓语动词也应用单数形式。3.student-*students考查名词的数。不定代词all修饰可数名词复数形式。4.joining^join考查动词不定式。or连接两个相同的并列结构，此处join与watch是并列成分。5.race前加the考查冠词。race是特指上文提到的therelayraceo6.themus考查代词。由上一句中的“ourexcitement”可知此处指“我们所有的人”在呐喊加油。7.aggressive—aggressively考查副词。修饰动词compete，应用副词形式。8.that—when考查连接词。最激动人心的时刻是运动员到迗终点的时候。根据句意可知，此处指时间，因此用when引导表语从句。9.Somebody—Nobody考查不定代词。根据句意“不到最后一分钟没人知道谁是胜利者。”因此将Somebody改为Nobody。