云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：侧重冠词 8页

云南临沧市2018髙考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：侧重冠词高考语法填空：2018高考英语语法填空及答案：侧重代词和数词冠词1）冠词的泛指与特指1.表泛指（指一类人或事物中的任何一个，而不具体指哪一个），用不定冠词；2.表特指（特指某人、某事、某物，指上文中提到的或正在谈论的人或物，或者是谈话双方都知道的人或事物），用定冠词。请比较：Ihaveacomputer.Thecomputerisagreathelptomystudies.（acomputer属于泛指，thecomputer属于特指，指的是上文提到的事物）Heisadoctor,（adoctor属于泛指，指的是医生中的一个）Anurseisapersonwhotakescareofthesick.（尽管person后有一个限制性定语从句，但结合句义可知，此处是说明护士属于哪-类人，属于类指，因此用不定冠词）2）比较级和最髙级前冠词的选择“aAm+比较级”表示“（众多人或事物屮）比……更……的一个”，属于泛指；“the+比较级”表示“两者中较……的一个”。“the+最高级”表示三者或三者以上的人或事物中“最……的•一个”；“amost+形容词”表示“很……，非常……”。请比较：Thisoneistoosmall.Canyoushowmealargerone?Tomistheolderofthetwoboys.PartOneisamostdifficultpartbutnotthemostdifficult.第一部分是非常难的一部分，但不是最难的。【特别警示】只有朴I比较的人或事物为两个吋，才能用“the+比较级”。【易错辨析】“amost+形容词”不含比较概念，most相当于very;而“themost+形容词”表示“最……”，句中必须有比较的范围。3）表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前冠词的使用表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词，如：sun,sky,moon,world等前面-•般用定冠词，但其前有描绘性的修饰语时，用不定冠词。请比较：Asisknowntoall,theearthmovesaroundthesun. Whatabrightmoon!4）物质名词和抽象名词前冠词的使用1.物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词，表示泛指吋前面-•般不用冠词；但物质名词表示特指时，用定冠词。请比较：Manwilldiewithoutwater,（water表示泛指）Thewaterinthiswellisnotfittodrink.（“Thewater”特指这U井里的水）Iknowyoudon’tlikemusicverymuch.Butwhatdoyouthinkofthemusicinthefilmwesawyesterday?（第一个music表泛指的“音乐”，不用冠词。第二个music指这部电影屮的音乐，表示特指，要用定冠词the）Thedoorismadeofwood,（wood表示泛指）Thewoodoutsidewasallwet.外面的那些木头都湿了。（wood表示特指）2.抽象名词属于不可数名词，前而一般不用冠词；但用来表示具体的人或事时，其前用不定冠词。Thelittleboylookedatmeinsurprise,（surprise在本句屮是抽象名词）Whatapleasantsurprisetoseeyouhere!（抽象名词具体化，asurprise指一件令人惊奇的事情）【易错探究】某些物质名词，如rain,snow,fog,wind,tea,coffee等，其前有形容词修饰时，形容词前应加不定冠词。如：Whataheavyrain!LongjingisafamousChinesegreentea.抽象名词表示抽象意义，不用冠词；表示具体事物，用不定冠词。5）专有名词以及表示季节、星期、三餐的名词前冠词的使用1.专有名词前一般不加冠词，但是以下情况耑要用冠词：（1）由普通名词构成的专有名词前应加定冠词。请比较：China,Smith,Bob（不用冠词） theGreatWall长城theUnitedStates美国（2）表示“一个名叫……的人”时，用不定冠词。AMr.Smithiswaitingforyououtside.有位史密斯先生在外而等你。（这里的a表示“某一”）1.表示季节、星期的名词前一般不加冠词，如.•insummer,onMonday,但是以下怕:况应用冠同：（1）表示季节的名词前有描绘性的形容词时，应加不定冠词；有限制性的定语时（即表示某一年的某个季节时），应加定冠词。Hejoinedthearmyinthespringof1987.Wehadaveryhotsummerlastyear.TwillneverforgetthesummerwespentinHawaii.（2）表示“某一个星期几”时，用不定冠词。IhappenedtomeetmyclassmateJackonaWednesday.2.表示一日三餐的名词前一般不加冠词，但其前而有描绘性的修饰语时，应加不定冠词。请比较：—Haveyouhadsupper?—Yes.We.hadawonderfulsupper.注意：在一些短语中，用与不用冠词意义差别很大：inhospital住院/inthehospital在医院里infrontof在（外部的）前面/inthefrontof在（内部的）前面attable进餐/atthetable在桌子旁outofquestion毫无疑问/outofthequestion不可能补充:常见不用冠词的表达：gobytrain乘火车去atnoon在屮午atnight在晚上intown在城里insurprise惊奇地atwork在工作6）序数词前冠词的使用表示顺序“第儿”时用“the+序数词”；表示“又一，再一”时用“不定冠词+序数词”。Wehavefinishedthefirstlesson,andnowwewilllearnthesecondlesson. 我们已经学完了第一课，现在我们学习第二课。Ihavethreebooks.Iwanttobuyafourthone.我已经有三本书了，我想再买一本。高考语法填空选练题【2018高考选练】语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Itwasalreadylatewhenwestartedforthenexttown，which,accordingtothemap,wasaboutfifteenmilesawayontheothersideofthehill.Therewefeltsurethatwewouldfindabedforthenight.Soon』(dark)fellafterweleftthevillage,butluckilywemetnooneaswedrovefastalongthenarrowroad_2-(lead)tothehill.Asourcarclimbed3(high),itbecamecolderandtherainbegantofall，making£difficulttoseetheroad.Afterwehadtraveledforabouttwentymiles,therewasstillnosignofthetownwhichwas_5_(poor)markedonthemap.Wewerebeginningtogetanxiouswhenthecarsuddenlystopped.Aquick么(examine)showedthatwehadusedupthegas.AlthoughwehadlittlefoodJ—(leave),wedecidedtospendthenightinthecar.Withourmealsfinished，Itriedtogotosleepatonce，butJohn，whowasapoorsleeper,gotoutofthecarafterafewminutesgwentforawalkupthehill.Soonhefound,inthevalleybelow，thelightsofthetowngwewerelookingfor.Weatoncepushedthecar10thetopofthehill.Inlessthanaquarterofanhour，wewereinthetown.解析：1.darkness考查名词。夜幕降临了，fell为谓语动词，用名词作主语。故填darkness。2.leading考查非谓语动词。road为被修饰词，与lead为主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语。3.higher考查形容词。根据句意，爬得越高，天气越冷。 2.it考查代词。it作形式宾语，toseetheroad作真正的宾语。3.poorly考查副词。修饰动词应用副词。4.examination考查名词。a为不定冠词，quick为形容词，因此用名词作主语，故填examinationo5.left考查非谓语动词。left作后置定语。6.and考查连词。and连接gotoutofthecar和wentforawalkupthehill。7.that/which考查定语从句。that/which引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语，可以省略。8.to考查介词。pushedthecartothetopofthehill把车推到山顶。语法填空。阅读下列短文，从给的叫个选项(A、B、C和D)屮，选出最佳选项。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Everydayhasthepotentialtobeagoodand,insomecases,agreatdayforyou.Fewofusgetupinthemorning1(think)thatwewantthistobeabadday.Yetinmanycasesthedayturnsthatwaybecauseofapersonoranevent2weworryabout.Thinkaboutthosesmalleventswhichcanthrowyouoffbalanceandaffectyourwholeday_3(negative).Whostoleyourday?Was4aboss,.anunrulychild,anerraticdiriveronthewaytowork,getting5"F"onahistorypaper,6animpolitewaiteratlunchthatdid?Everydaynumerouspeopleoreventscanpreventusfromhavingagoodday,ifweletthem.Thekeyisthatweshouldadoptapositiveattitudetowardslife.Wecannotcontrol7happenstousinmanycases,butwecancontrolhowwereact8theseevents.Lao-tzu,aChinesephilosopher,9(savL"Hewhoconquersothersisstrong;hewhoconquers10ismighty.【文章大意】每一天既可能会朝着好的方而发展，也可能会朝着坏的方而发屐，关键是看我们对生活采取的态度。虽然我们不能控制会发生什么事，但我们nJ•以控制我们对所发生的事情的态度。1.【解析】thinking、考杏现在分词。think和遷辑主语fewofus之间是主动关系，应用现在分.同作伴随状语。 1.【解析】that。考查关系代词。that引导定语从句修饰先行词apersonoranevent,that在从句中作介词about的宾语，先行词中既有人也有事物，不可用which。2.【解析】negatively。考查副词。修饰动词(affect),应用副词。3.【解析】it。考查代词。本句是强调句，句中缺少it。4.【解析】an。考查冠同。F表示的是学业成绩中的F级别，是一个可数名同，此处是泛指"一个F级别"，应川不定冠词；F是以元音音素开头的，应用不定冠词an修饰。5.【解析】or。考查并列连词。animpolitewaiter和"F〃onahistorypaper是并列关系,表示的是一种可能性，应用or,意为"或者"。6.【解析】what。考查宾语从句。control后跟的是一个宾语从句，从句中缺少主i/b应用what引导。7.【解析】to。考查介词。reacttosth.对某事做出反应，是固定搭配。8.【解析】said。考査时态。表述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。9.【解析】himself。考査代词。由Hewhoconquersothersisstrong可知,此处指的是"征服自己的人才是强大的〃。主语是he,所以反身代词用himself。2016高考英语阅读理解集训。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。Clevernessisagiftwhilekindnessisachoice.Giftsareeasy---they"regivenafterall.Choicecanbehard.IgottheideatostartAmazon16yearsago.IcameacrossthefactthattheInternetusagewasgrowingat2300percentperyear.I’dneverseenorheardofanythingthatgrewthatfast,andtheideaofbuildinganonlinebookstorewithmillionsoftitleswasveryexcitingtome,Ihadjustturned30yearsold,andTdbeenmarriedforayear,ItoldmywifeMackenziethatIwantedtoquitmyjobandgotodothiscrazythingthatprobablywouldn"tworksincemoststart-upsdon"t,andIwasn"tsurewhattoexpect,MackenzietoldmeIshouldgoforit.Asayoungboy,I’dbeenagarageinventor,I"dalwayswantedtobeaninventor,andshewantedmetofollowmypassion.IwasworkingatafinancialfirminNewYorkCitywithabunchofverysmartpeople,andIhadabrilliantbossthatImuchadmired.IwenttomybossandtoldhimIwantedtostartacompany sellingbooksontheInternet.HetookmeonalongwalkinCentralPark,listenedcarefullytome,andfinallysaid,"Thatsoundslikeareallygoodidea,butitwouldbeanevenbetterideaforsomeonewhodidn"talreadyhaveagoodjob."Thatlogicmadesomesensetome,andheconvincedmetothinkaboutitfor48hoursbeforemakingafinaldecision.Seeninthatlight,itreallywasadifficultchoice,butultimately,IdecidedIhadtogiveitashot.Ididn"tthinkTdregrettryingandfailing.AndIsuspectedIwouldalwaysbehauntedbyadecisiontonottryatall.Aftermuchconsideration,Itookthelesssafepathtofollowmypassion,andI’mproudofthatchoice,Forallofus,intheend,weareourchoice.1.Whatinspiredtheauthorwiththeideaofbuildinganonlinebookstore?A.Hisdreamifbeinganinventor.B.Thesupportofhiswife.C.ThegreatlyincreasingusageoftheInternet.D.Millionsofexcitingtitles.2.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedsentence?A.Theideaofnottryingwouldkeepcomingtohismindanddisturbhim.B.Hewouldbeveryexcitedifhetrieditout.C.Hewouldbealwayshavingadoubtifhedidn"ttry.D.Thedecisiontonottrytheonlinebookstorewouldterrifyhim.3.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat.A.thebossthoughttheideawassuitablefortheauthorB.theauthorwantedsomeoneelsetotrytheideaC.theauthormightnotregretifhefailedtheideaD.theauthormightgobacktohisbossifhefailed4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ClevernessandKindnessB.TheStartingofAmzon C.FollowingMyPassion参考答案1—4、CDCDD.WeAreWhatWeChoose