高考英语语法复习 被动语态学案 新人教版 3页

语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。　　主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。　1）若宾语补足语是不带to的不定式，变为被动语态　时，该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为感官动词。feel,hear,help,listento,lookat,make,observe,see,notice,watch　　Theteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.-->Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom(bytheteacher).　　Wesawhimplayfootballontheplayground.-->Hewasseentoplayfootballontheplayground.　2）情态动词+be+过去分词，构成被动语态。　　Coalcanbeusedtoproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.let的用法1）当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to的不定式。　　Theyletthestrangego.--->Thestrangewasletgo.　　2）若let后宾补较长时，let通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit代替。　　Thenurseletmegotoseemyclassmateinthehospital.　　---->Iwasallowed/permittedtoseemyclassmateinthehospital.短语动词的被动语态短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。　　Thisisaphotoofthepowerstationthathasbeensetupinmyhometown.　　MysisterwillbetakencareofbyGrandma.　　　　Suchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore..表示"据说"或"相信"的词组believe,consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understandItissaidthat…　　据说　　Itisreportedthat…据报道　　　Itisbelievedthat…　大家相信　　　　　Itishopedthat…　大家希望Itiswellknownthat…众所周知　　Itisthoughtthat…　大家认为Itissuggestedthat…　据建议　　　　　Itistakengrantedthat…　被视为当然　Ithasbeendecidedthat…大家决定　　Itmustberememberthat…务必记住的是 ItissaidthatshewillleaveforWuhanonTuesday.不用被动语态的情况1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear,diedisappear,end(vi.结束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,standbreakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.　Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.　比较：rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；raise,seat是及物动词。　　　(错)Thepricehasbeenrisen.　(对)Thepricehasrisen.　(错)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.　　　　(对)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.　(错)Thepricehasraised.　　　　　　　　　　　(对)Thepricehasbeenraised.　(错)Pleaseseat.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(对)Pleasebeseated.　　要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。　2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto　Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.　Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.　　3)系动词无被动语态：appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn　　Itsoundsgood.　　4)带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die,death,dream,live,life　　Shedreamedabaddreamlastnight.　　5)当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。　　(对)Shelikestoswim.　　(错)Toswimislikedbyher. 主动形式表示被动意义1)wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell,drive…　　Thebooksellswell.　　这本书销路好。　　Thisknifecutseasily.　这刀子很好用。　2)blame,let(出租),remain,keep,rent,build　　Iwastoblamefortheaccident.　　Muchworkremains.　3)在need,require,want,worth(形容词),deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。　　Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.　　Thisroomneedscleaning.这房间应该打扫一下。　　Thisbookisworthreading.　这本书值得一读。　4)特殊结构：makesb.heard/understood(使别人能听见/理解自己)，havesth.done(要某人做某事)。被动形式表示主动意义bedetermined,bepleased,begraduated(from),befinished,beprepared(for),beoccupied(in),getmarries　　Heisgraduatedfromafamousuniversity.　　他毕业于一所有名的大学。注意：表示同某人结婚，用marrysb.或getmarriedtosb.都可。　　Hemarriedarichgirl.　　Hegotmarriedtoarichgirl.need/want/require/worth注意：当need,want,require,worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动。　　　Yourhairwantscutting.　你的头发该理了。　　　Thefloorrequireswashing.地板需要冲洗。　　　Thebookisworthreading.　这本书值得一读。典型例题　　Thelibraryneeds___,butit"llhavetowaituntilSunday.　A.cleaning　B.becleaned　C.clean　D.beingcleaned　　答案A.need(实意)+n/todo，need(情态)+do，当为被动语态时，还可need+doing.本题考最后一种用法，选A。如有tobeclean则也为正确答案。典：done，"不可能已经"。mustnotdo不可以（用于一般现在时)。