高考英语语法复习十六 代词 6页

高考英语语法复习十六代词It的用法１．作人称代词JohnlikesplayingPingpong．/Healwaysdoesitintheafternoon．(指代上下文提到的事物)；/　　It"stimewewenthome./Howfarisitfromheretoyourhome?/Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer．/It"sveryquietatthemoment．(可指时间、天气、环境等)２．引导词　　Ａ．作形式主语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。　　It"simportantforustolearnasecondlanguage．/It"snousetalkingtohim．/It"sknowntoallthattheearthgoesroundthesun．　　B．作形式宾语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。　　Wefeelitourdutytohelpothers．/Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity．　　C．强调结构：Itis(was)+被强调部分＋that(或who)…　　注意:在强调结构中，如被强调部分为时间状语或地点状语，其后的连接词也绝不能为when或where，而应用that。在复习中，一定要注意句式的不同。　　ItwasinShanghaithatIboughttheguitar．(that引起强调句)　　ItwasShanghaiwhereIboughttheguitar．(where引起定从)　　Itwastwelveo"clockwhenwearrivedthere．(when引起时间状语从句）　　Itwasattwelveo"clockthatwearrivedthere．（that引起强调句）3.it，one，that的区别：作为代词，这三个词的对比使用是高考的热点之一。　　NMET2000，23．　　---Whydon"twetakealittlebreak?---Didn"twejusthave__________?　　A．itB．thatC．oneD．this　　NMET2001，25．　　TheParkersboughtanewhousebut_________willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein．A．theyB．it　　C．oneD．whichone用以指代同类事物中的任一，that特指性强，指代可数与不可数词，而it指代上文提过的同一事物。不定代词不定代词种类较多，用法各异，在使用中一定要注意区别。1、both，either，neither都表两者范围，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，both可用作同位语。　　both意为"两者都"，either表"两者中任一个"，neither表"两者都不"。2、any，none，all表三者或三者以上范围，any表任何一个、一些(不可数或复数概念，用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中)；none表三者或三者以上中的哪一个都不；表示不可数物中的一点儿也没有；all整个的；所有的(三者或三者以上)；所有的(不可数)。　　e.g.Thisbookisagoodseller，soyoucanbuyitatanyshopinBeijing．/Noneofusare/isperfect．/Allofthevillagewasflooded．　3、noone，nobody，none，nothing：noone，nobody表没有人，nothing指没有什么事物，none兼指人和物。none着眼于数量概念。"特指的人或物一个也没有，一点儿也没有"。　　----Howmanypeoplearethereinthehall?----None．　　----whowantstogowithhim?　----Noone(Nobody)．　　----Whatcanyouseeinthebottle?　　----Nothing．　　----Isthereanywaterinit?　　----None．4、another，theother，theother+复数名词(或theothers)，other(或other+复数名词)：another表三者或三者以上范畴中的任一；与数词连用，表"再有"；theother表两者中的另外那个，特指；theother+复数名词(或theothers)，另外那些，表示其余所有的人或物，用于特指；others(或other+复数名词)另一些，表余下人或物中的另一些，泛指。　　---Idon"tlikethis，showmeanotherone．(NMET2000，16) 　　Ifyouwanttochangeforadoubleroomyou"llhavetopay_______$15．　　A．anotherB．otherC．moreD．Each(A)人称、物主、反身、指示代词高考重点要求　　1．掌握人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词、指示代词的基本用法。2．重点掌握不定代词的指代含义及数的情况，能通过语境准确选取答案。3．掌握it的基本用法。　　一．人称代词　　1）分清主格和宾格形式。　　eg：---Iloveyoumorethanher，child．/---Youmeanmorethan___loveherormorethansheloves____?　　A．you；me　　B．I；you　　C．you；you　　D．I；me　　2)注意约定俗成的用法。　　---Whoisit?　　---It"sme．　　---I"dliketohavearest．　　---Me，too．　　3）使用we和you泛指一般人　　4)使用she代表国家、船只、月亮、大地等　　Chinaisagreatcountry．Shehasalonghistory．　　5)并列主语或宾语中顺序是：you，he(she)andI；we，youandthey　　二．物主代词：名词性物主代词――在句中做主语、宾语、表语、补足语，构成双重所有格：afriendofmine。形容词性物主代词――只能起定语作用。　　三．反身代词　　1)在句中作宾语、表语和同位语；2)单复数的确定；3)在一些语境中的特殊含义。　　e.g.I"mnotquitemyselftoday．我今天不大舒服。/Ｍakeyourselfathome．不要拘礼；请随便吧。/Don"tgetnervous，helpyourselftowhatyoulike．别紧张，喜欢吃什么就吃什么。/Haveyouenjoyedyourselftoday?你今天玩得愉快吗？　　四．指示代词（一）this，that，thesethose　　1．在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。　　2．this(these)一般指时间和空间上较近的人或物，而that(those)常指时间和空间上较远的人或物。e.g.Thisisanovelandthatisamagazine．　　3．this(these)一般指后面要讲到的事物，而that(those)常指前面讲到的事物。e.g.Whathetoldmeisthis：hewantedtogotoBeijing．/Hedidn"tcome．Thatiswhyhedidn"tknow．　　4．that，those常用来指代前面提到过的某个名词。e.g.Theoiloutputin1998washigherthanthatof1995．(that代替oiloutput)/ThecarsmadeinJapanarebetterthanthoseinGermany．　　（二）such　　such引起倒装句，谓语数取决于后面主语的数：e.gSuchismyanswer．/Suchareourpeople．　　做定语，注意和so的区别，尤其是在so…that，such…that句型中。e.g.Ihaveneverseensuchbeautifulflowers．(复数名词前，so不可)/Ihaveneverseensuchagreatfilm．(也可为sogreatafilm)/Wehavesuchbeautifulweathertodaythatweshouldgooutforanouting．(不可数词前，不可用so)/Therearesomanypeopleinthehallthatit"shardformetofindhim．(在数量概念的many，much，little，few之前，不可用such)练习（一）、代词一、强化训练：1.NewEnglish-ChineseDictionaryhasbeenrepublishedseveraltimes,_____moreuptodatethanthelastedition.　　A.anyB.everyoneC.eitherD.each 2.Afterpaying1,000dollars_____,you"llallbecomefullmembersofourclub.　　A.eachB.allC.everyD.both3._____washercrueltythatweallhatedher.　　A.ItB.WhatC.ThatD.Such4.Maryhasbeenillinbedforaweek.Iwonderifsheis_____betternow.　　A.muchB.someC.anyD.very5.-Whichofthesetwotieswillyoutake?-Idon"tlikethese.Doyouhaveany_____?　　A.oneB.otherC.onesD.others6.I"dratherrideabikeasbikeridinghas_____ofthetroubleoftakingbuses.　　A.muchB.allC.neitherD.none7.Ineedsomeblueinktodaybutthereis_____athand.　　A.notB.nothingC.alittleD.none8.Ifoundtheverywatchofmine_____Ihadleft_____.　　A.where,itB.that,itC.which,oneD.where,one9.Ihaven"tgottimetogetthetickets.Who"sgoingto____?　　A.dosoB.doitC.buyitD.dothem10.-JackcertainlyhasahighopinionofSusan.　　Itcan"tbebetterthan_____ofhim.　　A.hersB.sheC.thatD.her11.-Shallweintroduce____fire-fightingequipmentfromabroad?-Goahead,ifnecessary.　　A.otherB.afewmoreC.anotherD.someother12.-Howaboutthepriceoftheserefrigerators?-Theyareequalinpriceto,ifnotcheaperthan,_____attheotherstores.　　A.othersB.itC.thatD.theones13.-Idislike_____whenotherslaughatmeinpublicorspeakillofmebehind.-SodoI.　　A.themB.thoseC.itD.that14.-Whichdoyouprefer,classicalmusicorpopmusic?　-_____.Ipreferfolkmusic.　　A.EitherB.BothC.NoneD.Neither15.Whydon"tyoutrustanduseoldTom?Heisstillasstrongas_____intheteam.　　A.nobodyB.anybodyelseC.everybodyD.somebodyelse16.-Arethenewmethodstakinganyeffect?-Yes,_____articlesarestolenfromoursupermarket.　　A.fewB.moreC.someD.none17.Duringthemeetingayoungmancriedoutsuddenlyandthrewhisnotebookatthechairman,_____broughttheroomtodisorder.　　A.itB.andwhichC.andthatD.this18.I"vejustseennomorethanonecopyofGonewiththeWindinthebookshopopposite.Tom,goandbuy_____back.　　A.oneB.anyC.itD.some19.-Doyouhave_____athomenow?-No,westillhavetogetscoresofeggsandsomevegetables.　　A.nothing　　B.everything　　C.anything　　D.something20.Nancyisexpectinganotherbabyandhopes_____willbeaboy.　　A.he　　B.that　　C.it　　D.there21.Surelyit"s_____withthebignoseyoumean,not____!　　A.he,I　　B.him,me　　C.him,I　　D.he,me 22.Thetemperaturecanfallto–30℃._____is,30°Cbelowfreezingpoint.　　A.Which　　B.It　　C.That　　D.This23.-Theexamwaseasy,wasn"tit?　-Yes,butIdon"tthink_____couldpassit.　　A.somebody　B.everybody　　C.anybody　　D.nobody24.Cuttheappleintohalvessothatthetwinsmayeachget_____half.　　A.every　　B.each　　C.another　　D.either25._____ofuscandoeverything,butallofuscando_____.　　A.None,something　　B.Some,everythingC.Few,something　　D.Few,nothing26.-MayIhelpyouwithsomegloves,sir?-Yes,I"dliketotrythoseblue____.　　A.one　　B.ones　　C.pair　　D.two27.Ofallmyfriends_____willbeabletopersuadeTomtochangehismind.Heissofirmuponit.　　A.none　　B.nobody　C.neither　D.noone28.-Ishecontenttoacceptourofferedprice?-Yes.Hecaresmoreaboutthequality.Moneyis_____tohim.　　A.everything　B.anything　　C.nothing　　D.something29.Ihavenoideawhichwasbetter,soItook____ofthem.　　A.both　　B.none　　C.all　　D.any30.Youmustn"talwaysdo_____asheasksyoutodo.Hemaybewrongsometimes.　　A.anything　　B.something　　C.nothing　　D.everything31.I"mnopainter,andtome,onepaintingismuchlike.　　A.another　　B.theother　　C.others　　D.one32.Ididn"twanteitherof____hatsandaskedthesalesmantoshowme_____.　　A.those,another　　B.two,theother　　C.all,theothers　　D.both,others33.Thechildrenwerecatchingbutterfliesinthegarden.Somecaughtalot,andotherscaught_atall.　　A.nothing　　B.none　　C.noone　　D.neither34.Thankyouverymuchindeed.That"s_____ofyou.　　A.kindest　　B.mostkind　　C.thekinder　　D.themostkind35.Jackisaverylikablefellow,butI"velearnedtotake_____hesayswithagrainofsalt.　　A.somethingB.anything　　C.nothing　　D.everything36.-Iloveyoumorethanher,child.-Youmeanmorethan____loveherormorethansheloves____?　　A.you,me　　B.I,you　　C.you,you　　D.I,me 练习（二）、代词二、高考题选：1.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar_____hedied?(MET88)A．that　　B.while　　C.inwhich　　D.then2.Is_____necessarytotakeoffourshoeswhenweenterthelab?(MET88H)A．everyone　　B.this　　C.her　　D.it3．Is_____possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?(MET88)　A．now　B.that　　C.it　　D.man4．HisParentswouldn"tlethimmarryanyone_____familywaspoor．(MET88)　A．ofwhom　　B.whom　　C.ofwhose　　D.whose5．_____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelight．(MET88)　　A．Anyone　　B.Theperson　C.Whoever　　D.Who6．_____writerisbetterknowninChina，CharclesDickensorMarkTwain?(MET88)　　A．Which　　B.What　　C.Either　　D.Whether7．---HaveyouseenTomandMary?---Ihaven"tseen_____ofthem．(MET88)　　A．neither　　B.any　　C.either　　D.all8．Is_____necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?(MET89)　　A．this　　B.that　　C.it　　D.he9．All_____isneededisasupplyofoil．(MET89)　　A．thething　　B.that　　C.what　　D.which10．Hiscameraismoreexpensivethan______．(MET89)　　A．hers　　B.her　　C.it　　D.its11．Idon"tthink_____possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork．(MET90)　　A．this　　B.that　　C.its　　D.it12．______ofthemknewabouttheplanbecauseitwaskeptinasecret．(MET90)　A．Each　　B.Any　　C.Noone　　D.None13．Hepaidtheboy￥10forwashingtenwindows，mostof_____hadn"tbeencleanedforatleastayear．(MET90)　　A．these　　B.those　　C.that　　D.which14．Kateandhersisterwenttoholidaywithacousinof_____．(MET90)　　A．their　　B.theirs　　C.her　　D.hers15．IinvitedTomandAnntodinner，but_____ofthemcame．(NMET91)　　A．neither　　B.both　　C.either　　D.none16．Sheheardaterriblenoise，_____broughtherheartintohermouth．(MET91)　　A．it　　B.which　　C.this　　D.that17．Wecouldn"teatinarestaurantbecause_____ofushad_____moneyonus．(MET91)　　A．all;no　　B.any;no　　C.none;any　　D.noone;any18．Theseplantsarewatered_____．(NMET91)　　A．eachotherday　　B.everyotherdayC.eachoftwodays　　D.everyoftwodays19．Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss，_____cameasasurprise．(NMET91)　　A．it　　B.that　　C.which　　D.he20．Does_____matterifhecan"tfinishthejobontime?　　A．this　　B.that　　C.he　　D.it21．Mr．Zhanggavethetextbookstoallthepupilsexcept_____whohadalreadytakenthem．(MET92)　　A．theones　　B.ones　　C.some　　D.theothers22．There"resomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan"tmakeupmymind_____tobuy．(MET92)　　A．what　　B.which　　C.how　　D.where23．Althoughhe"swealthy，hespends_____onclothes．(NME792)　　A．little　　B.few　　C.alittle　　D.afew24．Inthedarkstreet，therewasn"tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp．(MET92)　　A．that　　B.who　　C.fromwhom　D.towhom25．_____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent．(MET93)　　A．What　　B.That　　C.Thefact　　D.Thematter26．---Wouldyoulikesomewine?---Yes，just_____．(MET93)　　A．little　　B．verylittle　　C．alittle　　D．littlebit27．Tom"smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder，but_____didn"thelp．(MET93)　　A．he　　B．which　　C．she　　D．it28．---Is_____here?　　---No，BobandTimhaveaskedforleave．(MET93)　　A．anybody　B．somebody　C．everybody　D．nobody 29．---IsyourcameralikeBill"sandAnn"s?---No，butit"salmostthesameas_____．(NMET94)　　A．her　　B．yours　　C．them　　D．their30．Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood，_____wasmorethanwecouldexpect．(NMET94)　　A．what　　B．which　　C．that　　D．it31．_____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage．(NMET95)　　A．There　　B．This　　C．That　　D．It32．Theywereverytired，but_____ofthemwouldstoptotakearest．(NMET95)　　A．any　　B．some　　C．none　　D．neither33．Ihopethereareenoughglassesforeachguesttohave_____．(NMET95)　　A．it　　B．those　　C．them　　D．one34．---Whenshallwemeetagain?--Makeit_____dayyoulike;it"sallthesametome．(NMET96)　　A．one　　B．any　　C．another　　D．some35．Tomfeltthathekneweverybody"sbusinessbetterthantheyknewit_____．(NMET96)　　A．themselvesB．oneself　　C．itself　　D．himself36．Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid，butIdon"tagreewith_____．(NMET97)　　A．everythingB．anythingC．something　D．nothing37．SarahhasreadlotsofstoriesbyAmericanwriters，Nowshewouldliketoread_____storiesbywritersfrom_____countries．(NMET97)　　A．some;anyB．other;someC．some;other　D．other;other38．Itwasabout600yearsago_____thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade．(NMET97)　　A．that　　B．until　　C．before　　D．when39．Ihate_____whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull．(NMET98)　　A．it　　B．that　　C．these　　D．them40．Dr．BlackcomesfromeitherOxfordorCambridge．Ican"tremember_____．(NMET98)　　A．where　　B．there　　C．which　　D．hat41．Whydoyouwantanewjob_____you"vegotsuchagoodonealready?(NMET98)　　A．that　　B．where　　C．which　　D．when42．ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently_____Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty．(NMET98)　　A．until　　B．that　　C．then　　D．so43．Fewpleasurescanequal_____ofacooldrinkonahotday．(NMET99)　　A．some　　B．any　　C．that　　D．those44．Ifyouwanttochangeforadouble--roomyou"llhavetopay_____$15．(NMET2000)　　A．another　B．other　　C．more　　D．each45．---Whydon"twetakealittlebreak?---Didn"twejusthave_____?(NMET2000)　　A．it　　B．that　　C．one　　D．this46．Itistheabilitytodothejob_____mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare．(NMET2000)　　A．one　　B．that　　C．what　　D．it47．Ifthisdictionaryisnotyours，_____canitbe?(NMET2001)　　A．whatelseB．whoelse　C．whichelse"sD．whoelse"s48．Manypeoplehavehelpedwithcannedfood，however，thefoodbankneeds_____forthepoor．(2001春招)　　A．more　　B．much　　C．many　　D．most49．TheParkersboughtanewhousebut_____willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein．(NMET2001)　　A．they　　B．itC．one　　D．which50．---Hewasnearlydrownedonce.（2002春招）　　---Whenwas_____?　　---_____wasin1998whenhewasinmiddleschool.　　A.that;it　　B.this;this　　C.this;it　　D.that;this