高二英语语法复习 虚拟语气和倒装句 人教版 10页

高二英语语法复习虚拟语气和倒装句一.本周教育内容：语法复习：虚拟语气和倒装句二.知识总结与归纳：虚拟语气：是一种与事实（包括过去，现在或将来）完全相反的陈述，表示假设，愿望，怀疑，推测或后悔。虚拟语气主要用于条件从句，让步从句和名词性从句。虚拟语气句型中常见的动词形式：1.动词过去式2.haddone3.would/could/should/mightdo4.would/could/should/mighthavedone5.were（一）虚拟语气用在与过去事实相反的假设的条件句中：表示假设，后悔或推测。句型结构：If+主语+hadbeen/done….，主语+should/could/might/would+havedone….1.Iftheillnesshadbeendiagnosedadayearlier,itmighthavemadealldifferent.2.Ifshehadtoldhimaboutthedanger,hewouldnothavegothurt.3.IfIhadknownmoreaboutgivingfirstaid,Icouldhavehelpedhim.（二）虚拟语气用在与现在事实相反的假设的条件句中：句型结构：If+主语+were/动词过去式，主语+should/could/might/would+do1.IfIhadHIV,IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick.2.IfIwereyou,IwouldgiveanAIDSpatientahug.3.虚拟语气用在与将来的结果相反的假设的条件句中：句型结构：If+主语+weretodo,主语+should/could/might/would+doIf+主语+shoulddoIf+主语+动词过去式（1）Ifweweretopanic,wewouldnotbeabletohelp.（2）Ifthelittlegirlshouldtakepianolessons,shewouldhavelessfreetime.（3）IfIweretolivelongenoughtohaveajob,Iwouldchoosetobeadoctor,helpingtheseAIDSpatients.注意：虚拟条件句的从句中如果有助动词were;had或should可以去掉if以后用倒装句语序。例句：①HadInothelpedhim,hewouldhavefailedinbusiness.②ShouldIbefree,Iwouldcome.③Wereshemydaughter,Icouldsuggestadifferentplan.注意：有时候，主，从句所描述的时间范围不一致，则根据具体语境调整动词的形式。例句：①Ifhehadcaughtthetrain,hewouldbeherebynow.②YouwouldspeakEnglishwellenough,ifyouhadpracticedeveryday. （四）虚拟语气在其他句型中的使用：1.用在与without,butfor,but,otherwise短语连用的句型中：例句：Theshipwouldhavesunkwithallonboardbutforeffortsofthecaptain.Therescuearrivedintime,otherwiseTheywouldhavebeenfrozentodeath.2.用在It’stime句型中：It’stimethat主语+动词过去式……It’stimethatIwenttoschoolandpickedupmydaughter.3.在句型…asif/though+主语+动词过去式/were/haddone……例句：HelookedatmeasifIweremad.“Iwishpeoplewouldfindoutthefacts,”shesays,“andnotactasifIwereabadordangerousperson.”Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.4.用在Ifonly句型中：表示：要是……该多好啊！（1）Ifonlyyouhadn’ttoldJackiewhatIsaid,everythingwouldhavebeenallright.（2）Ifonlyyouwouldlistentoreason.5.与“命令，建议，要求,有必要/重要”有关的名词性从句中的谓语动词结构：（1）主动结构：shoulddo（2）被动结构：shouldbedone；（should可以省略）①Isuggestthatheshouldcomeanotherday.②Thesuggestionthatthestudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.③IthoughitnecessarythatIshouldstayintheroomtillhecameback.（五）情态动词（should/oughtto;could;needn’t;wouldliketo等）+havedone：表示“本来应该/能够/没必要/很愿意”1.Youcouldhavetoldusearlier.2.Ioughttohaveboughtthatdictionarylastweek.3.Yououghtnottohavespentsomuchtimeinreadingnovels.4.Weneednothavebeeninahurrytocatchthetrain.倒装句：倒装句是英语中常见的语法现象，他的使用一是出于语法结构的需要，再就是为了强调句中的某一部分。（1）当否定副词never;hardly;seldom;nor;neither;little;few;not;notonly在句首，后面接助动词/be+主语……的倒装语序。NeverhaveIrealizedthatwaterissoprecious.Seldomhaveweseensuchbigmelons.（2）Only+介词短语/状语从句，后面接助动词/be+主语……的倒装语序。Onlybychangingthewaywelivecanwesavetheearth.（3）Notuntil+时间状语（从句）后面接助动词/be+主语……的倒装语序。Notuntilweknowmorewillwebeabletoimprovethesituation.（4）as/so/neither/nor在句首表示另一个人或另一种情况也是如此。后面接助动词/be+主语……的倒装语序。Withoutinternationalcooperation,developingcountriescannotprosper,norwillsustainabledevelopmentbepossible. Abetterunderstandingoftheenvironmentisnecessary,asisthewillingnesstoact.（5）在以here;there;now;out;in;up;down;away或表示地点的介词短语为句首后面接完全倒装结构（谓语+主语）AmongthespeakerswasChina’sthenPremierZhuRongji,whostressedtheneedforequalityandfairnessintheworld.Onahillinfrontofthemstoodagreatcastle.（6）倒装句在结果状语从句；让步状语从句；时间状语从句中的使用：①so/such….that….（如此……以致于……）将so/such….部分置于句首：Soloudlydidhespeakthatpeopleupstairscouldhearhim.②表示：“虽然……”：名词/形容词，副词/动词+as+主语+谓语……Coldasitwas,wewentout.Bravelyastheyfought,theyhadnochanceofwinning.Childasheis,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.③表示：“一……就……”：Nosoonerhad…done…than+陈述句（过去时）Hardlyhad…done…when+陈述句（过去时）Hardlyhadsheenteredthehousewhensheheardthedogbarking.Nosoonerhadwestartedlunchthanthedoorbellrang.【典型例题】1.Youdidn’tletmedrive.If we____inturn,you____sotired.A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot答案：D分析：本题考查虚拟条件句的运用。题干Youdidn’tletmedrive.告诉我们后面的条件句是一个与过去事实相反的假设，有后悔，埋怨的意思。在这种条件句中主句用wouldhavedone，从句用haddone结构。2.___itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will答案：B分析：本题考查虚拟条件句与倒装句的结合运用。句中时间状语tomorrow以及主句中的would表明该句是对明天天气情况的虚拟假设，表示将来的虚拟条件句的结构为Ifitshould/weretoraintomorrow。但是条件从句可以去掉连词if，从句用倒装句结构，即：Shoulditraintomorrow.3.Thecaptainkeptcalmintheterriblestorm,otherwisetheaccident____.A.couldn’tbepreventedB.mustn’thavepreventedC.wouldn’thavebeenpreventedD.shouldn’tprevent答案：C分析：本句是一个含蓄虚拟条件句。根据句义：船长在暴风雨中非常镇静，不然的话一场事故早就不可避免了。前半句描述了事实，而后半句则与过去的事实相反，虽然这部分没有以条件从句的形式出现，但是其内容包含在由连词but;otherwise连接的陈述句中。4.Whenthepencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlookasifit____.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken 答案：C分析：本题考查asif后从句中的虚拟语气的运用。Asif/though后面的从句根据句子的语境可以叙述为真实陈述，也可以是与现在或过去事实相反的虚拟陈述。本句描述的内容是与现在事实相反的虚拟陈述应当用一般过去时。5.Whydidn’tyoutellmetherewasnomeetingtoday?I___allthewayherethroughtheheavysnow.A.needn’thavedrivenB.can’thavedrivenC.mustn’thavedrivenD.shouldn’thavedriven答案：A分析：根据句意：你为什么不告诉我今天没有会？我本来没必要冒着大雪开车跑这么多路。Needn’thavedone表示本来没必要。6.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You___homewithoutaword.A.mustn’tleaveB.shouldn’thaveleftC.couldn’thaveleftD.needn’tleave答案：B分析：根据句意：我真的很担心你，你真不应该一句话都不说就离开家。“离开家”已经发生了。Shouldhavedone正好表达了本句的意思。7.Itissuggestedthatadoctorimmediately.A.besentforB.sendforC.issentforD.shouldsendfor答案：A分析：Itissuggested+that从句，从句中谓语动词用shoulddo，或只用动词原形：adoctor与sendfor之间存在被动关系。8.—DoyouknowJimquarreledwithhisbrother? —Idon’tknow,____.A.nordon’tIcareB.nordoIcareC.Idon’tcare,neither.D.Idon’tcarealso答案：B分析：not在句首表示另一种情况也是如此，句子要进行部分倒装。NordoIcare“我也不在乎”。9.Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver____howseriousthepollutionwas.A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.thevillagesdidrealizeD.didn’tthevillagersrealize答案：A分析：notuntil放在句首时，句子要进行部分倒装。10._canyouexpecttogetapayrise.A.WithhardworkB.AlthoughhardworkC.OnlywithhardworkD.Nowthatheworkshard答案：C分析：从谓语动词canyouexpectto可以看出，它使用了倒装句式，所以要选择能引导倒装的选项。“only+介词短语”引导状语且位于句首时，句子进行部分倒装。【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）一.单项选择：1.Theofficerinsistedthattheyounggirl_____athiefandorderedshe____free. A.wasnot;besetB.shouldnotbe;besetC.wasnot;wastobesetD.wasnot;set2.__rightnow,shewouldgetthereonSunday.A.WouldsheleaveB.IfsheleavesC.WereshetoleaveD.Ifshehadleft3.Italready5o’clocknow.Don’tyouthinkit’stime?A.wearegoinghomeB.wegohomeC.wewenthomeD.wecangohome4.Hadheworkedharder,hetheexams.A.musthavegotthroughB.wouldhavegotthroughC.wouldgetthroughD.couldgetthrough5.______forthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften.A.IfitisnotB.WereitnotC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot6.YesterdayJanewalkedawayfromthe"discussionOtherwise,she_____somethingshewouldregretlater.A.hadsaidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaid7.—Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.—and.A.Sohehas;soyouhaveB.Sohehas;sohaveyouC.Sohashe;sohaveyouD.Sheashe;soyouhave8.Ifinallygotthejob1dreamedabout.Neverinallmylifehappy.A.didIfeelB.IfeltC.IhadfeltD.hadIfelt9._canyouexpecttogetapayrise.A.WithhardworkB.AlthoughhardworkC.OnlywithhardworkD.Nowthatheworkshard10.SodifficultittoliveinanEnglishspeakingcountrythatIdeterminedtolearnEnglishwell.A.IhavefeltB.haveIfeltC.IdidfeelD.didIfeel11.Onlywhenthewarwasover____tohishometown.A.didtheyoungsoldierreturnB.theyoungsoldierreturnedC.returnedtheyoungsoldierD.didreturntheyoungsoldier二.完形填空：Asachild,Iwastrulyafraidofthedarkandofgettinglost;thesefearswereveryrealandcausedmesomeuncomfortablemoments.Maybeitwasthestrange1thingslookedandsoundedinmyfamiliarroomatnightthat2mesomuch.Therewasnevertotal3,butastreetlightorpassingcarlights4clotheshangingoverachairtakeonthe5ofawildanimal.Outofthecornerofmy6,Isawthecurtainsseemtomovewhentherewasno7.Atinysoundinthefloorwould,seemahundredtimeslouderthanin thedaylight.My8wouldrunwild,andmyheartwouldbeatfast.Iwould9verystillsothatthe"enemy"wouldnotdiscoverme.AnotherofmychildhoodfearswasthatIwouldgetlost,10onthewayhomefromschool.EverymorningIgotontheschoolbusrightnearmyhome—thatwasno11.Afterschool,12,whenallthebuseswere13upalongthestreet,IwasafraidthatI’dgetonthewrongoneandbetakentosome14neighborhood.Onschoolorfamilytriptoaparkoramuseum,Iwouldn’t15theleadersoutofmysight.Perhapsoneoftheworstfears16allIhadasachildwasthatofnotbeinglikedor17byothers.Beingpopularwassoimportanttome18,andthefearofnotbeinglikedwasa19one.Oneoftheprocessesofgrowingupisbeingableto20andovercomeourfears.Understandingthethingsthatfrightenedusaschildrenhelpsusachievegreatersuccesslaterinlife.1.A.wayB.timeC.placeD.reason2.A.woundedB.destroyedC.surprisedD.frightened3.A.quietnessB.darknessC.emptinessD.loneliness4.A.gotB.forcedC.madeD.caused5.A.spiritB.heightC.bodyD.shape6.A.eyesB.windowC.mouthD.door7.A.breathB.windC.airD.sound8.A.beliefB.feelingC.imaginationD.doubt9.A.layB.hidC.restD.lie10.A.especiallyB.simplyC.probablyD.directly11.A.discussionB.problemC.jokeD.matter12.A.thoughB.yetC.althoughD.still13.A.calledB.backedC.linedD.packed14.A.oldB.crowdedC.poorD.unfamiliar15.A.leaveB.letC.orderD.send16.A.aboveB.inC.ofD.at17.A.protectedB.guidedC.believedD.accepted18.A.thenB.thereC.onceD.anyway19.A.strictB.powerfulC.heavyD.right20.A.realizeB.rememberC.recognizeD.recover三.阅读理解:AMyparentswereinahugeargument,andIwasreallyupsetaboutit.Ididn’tknowwhoIshouldtalkwithabouthowIwasfeeling.SoIaskedMomtoallowmetostaythenightatmybestfriend"shouse.ThoughIknewIwouldn’ttellheraboutmyparents’situation,Iwaslookingforwardtogettingoutofthehouse.Iwasinthemiddleofpackingupmythingswhensuddenlythepowerwentoutintheneighborhood.MomcametotellthatIshouldstaywithmygrandpauntilthepowercamebackon.IwasreallydisappointedbecauseIfeltthatwedidnothavemuchtotalkabout.ButIknewhewouldbefrightenedaloneinthedark.Iwenttohisroomand toldhimthatI"dstaywithhimuntilthepowerwasrestored.Hewasquitehappyandsaid,“Greatopportunity.”“Whatis?”Iasked.“Totalk,youandI,“hesaid“Toholdaprivatelittlemeetingaboutwhatwe’regoingtodowithyourmomanddad,andwhatweregoingtodowithourselvesnowthatwereinthesituationwearein.”“Butwecan’tdoanythingaboutit,Grandpa,”Isaid,surprised,thatherewassomeonewithwhom,Icouldsharemyfeelingsandsomeonewhowasinthesame“boat”asIwas.Andthat’showthemostunbelievablefriendshipbetweenmygrandfatherandmestarted.Sittingthereinthedark,wetalkedaboutourfeelingsandfearsoflife—fromhowfastthingschange,tohowtheysometimesdon’tchangefastenough.Thatnight,becausethepowerwentout,Ifoundanewfriend,withwhomIcouldsafelytalkaboutallmyfearsandpains,whatevertheymaybe.Suddenly,thelightsallcamebackon.“Well,”hesaid“Iguessthatmeansyou"llwanttogonow.Ireallylikeourtalk.Ihopethepowerwillgoouteveryfewnights!”1.Iwishedtogetoutofthehousebecause______.A.Iwasangryaboutmyparents"quarrelB.IfoundnobodytosharemyfeelingswithC.IwantedtoescapefromthedarkhouseD.Iplannedtotellmyfriendaboutmytrouble2.Grandpawashappytoseemebecause______.A.hecoulddiscusstheproblemwithmeB.hehadnotseenmeforalongtimeC.hewasafraidofdarknessD.hefeltquitelonely3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Thegrandchildwaseagertoleave.B.Theywouldhavemorechats.C.ThelightswouldgooutagainD.Itwouldnolongerbedark.B“Mykidsreallyunderstandsolarandearth-heatenergy,”saysaschool-gradeteacherinSaugus,California.“Someofthemarebuildingsolarcollectorsfortheirenergycourse.”TheseyoungscientistsarepartofCityBuildingEducationalProgram（CBEP）,aparticularprogramforkindergartenthroughtwelfthgradethatusesthestagesofcityplanningtoteachbasicreading,writingandmathskills,andmore.Thechildrendon’tjustplananycity.Theymapandanalyze（分析）thehousing,energy,andtransportationrequirementsoftheirowndistrictandforetellitsneedsinl00years.Withtheaidofanarchitect（建筑师）whovisitstheclassroomonceaweek,theyinventnewwaystomeettheseneedsandbuiltmodelsoftheircreations.“Designingbuildingsofthefuturegiveschildrenalotoffreedom,”says.theteacherwhodevelopedthisprogram.“Theyareabletouse theirownrichimaginationandinventionswithoutfearofblame,becausetherearenowronganswersinafuturecontext.Infact,astheclassentersthefinalmodel-buildingstageoftheprogramanelected‘official’and‘planninggroup’makeallthedesigndecisionsforthemodelcity,andtheteacherstepsbackandbecomesanadviser.”CBEPisasetofactivities,games,andimitationsthatteachthebasicstepsnecessaryforproblem-solving:observing,analyzing,workingoutpossibleanswers,andjudgingthembasedonthechildren’sownstandards.1.TheProgramisdesigned____.A.todirectkidstobuildsolarcollectorsB.totrainyoungscientistsforcityplanningC.todevelopchildren’sproblem-solvingabilitiesD.tohelpyoungarchitectsknowmoreaboutdesigning2.Anarchitectpaysaweeklyvisittotheclassroom_____.A.tofindoutkids’creativeideasB.todiscusswiththeteacherC.togivechildrenlecturesD.tohelpkidswiththeirprogram3.Whoisthedesigneroftheprogram?A.Anofficial.B.Anarchitect.C.Ateacher.D.Ascientist.4.ThechildrenfeelfreeintheprogrambecauseA.theycandesignfuturebuildingsthemselvesB.theyhavenewideasandrichimaginationC.theyaregivenenoughtimetodesignmodelsD.theyneednotworryaboutmakingmistakes [参考答案]一.单项选择：1.A“……坚持说那女孩不是贼”。故第一空不用虚拟语气；order后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用shoulddo。2.C空白处表示的是“与将来事实相反”的虚拟语气，因此省略连词if而将were前置。3.CIt’stime+从句时．从句中谓语用“过去式”或“shoulddo”。4.BHadheworkedharder相当于iftheyhadworkedharder，故主句中谓语动词用wouldhavedone的形式。5.C根据wouldnothavegone…可知该题要用虚拟语气，且表示“与过去事实相反”的虚拟语气，从句可省去if，将助动词had前置。6.D此题考查隐含条件的虚拟语气。题意表示的是“:与过去事实相反”的假设，故空白处谓语动词用“mighthavesaid”。7.B在表示前者的情形也适于后者时，要用倒装语序，其形式为so+助动词+主语，意思是“……也一样”。而so+主语+助动词表示“……的确如此”。8.DNeverinallmylife为否定意义副词词组，放在句首时谓语动词要用部分倒装且never常与完成时连用。9.C从谓语动词canyouexpectto可以看出，它使用了倒装句式，所以要选择能引导倒装的选项。“only+介词短语”引导状语且位于句首时，句子进行部分倒装。10.D从整个句子的时态来看，空格处应使用过去时且so+形容词．位于句首表示强调时，要用部分倒装。11.A“only+时间状语从句”位于句首时，主谓要部分倒装。二.完形填空：1.A第二段主要讲房间里的东西看上去奇怪的样子及发出的奇怪声响。第二段的首句是总括句，选择way符合文义。2.Dfrighten意为“使……感到恐惧，惊吓”，与上文“Iwastrulyafraidofthedarkandofgettinglost”意思相符，其余选项不合文义。3.B由下文街灯或过往汽车的车灯使衣服在屋内留下影子，可推知屋内不是完全黑暗。4.C根据下文takeonthe…of得知，空格内要填—个后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补语的动词，其他三个动词不能用于该结构中。5.Dtakeontheshapeof是…固定搭配，意为“呈现出……的形状”。6.Aoutofthecornerofmyeyes意为“从我的眼角（看到）”，其余选项造成上下文语义不通。7.B此处指作者的幻觉。没有风，却觉得窗帘在晃动。8.C看到眼前的情景，作者进行各种想像，imagination符合题意。9.D夜晚看到、听到的各种情形再加上自己的想像，把作者吓得躺在床上不敢有动静。10.Aespecially意为“尤其，特别”，修饰onthewayhome，以加强语气。11.B由于前一句讲作者尤其害怕放学回家会走丢，故可以推断作者每天早晨在自己家门口上公交车，应该不存在什么问题。12.Athough在此处是副词，表示转折关系，相当于however。13.Cbelinedup意为“排列，排成一行”，符合文义。14.D由于有很多公交车排在那里，所以作者担心乘错车会被带到一个陌生的居民区而迷路，故可推知此处填~&unfamiliar符合上下文语义。15.B1et…outofone’ssight意为“让……离开某人的视线”。16.Cof表范围，常与形容词（副词）的最高级连用；in表范围时，后跟地点名词或集合名词。 17.Daccept意为“接受，认可”，与like表达同种意义。不讨别人喜欢或不被别人接受是作者最大的恐惧之一。18.Athen表示“那时候”，即指作者的“儿童时代”。19.Bpowerful意为“强烈的”，用在此处以表达不讨别人喜欢是作者小时候最大的恐惧。20.C作者在短文的最后指出，一个人成长的过程是认识和克服恐惧的过程，recognize符合文义。三.阅读理解：A作者苦恼是因为父母之间争吵，而他却无人倾诉，—次停电的偶然机会，作者和爷爷聊天，发现了—个可以无所不谈的朋友。1.B细节题。第一段第二句说“我不知道应该和谁谈谈我的感受”由此可知我想从家里搬去是因为我找不到人与之交流。2.A细节题。从文章第四段可知爷爷想和我谈论家里不尽人意的情况，以及在这种情况下应该怎么做，所以这里选A。爷爷见到我很高兴是因为他想和我讨论问题。3.B推理判断题，文章最后一句是爷爷说的话，“我希望每隔几天晚就停一次电，因为这样他们就有机会待在一起聊天了，表达了爷爷希望交流的愿望，因此可知他们以后还会有更多的交谈机会。B本文以一个教师的口吻讲述了学生们参加的一个实践活动。通过一系列活动，提高了学生分析问题，解决问题的能力，同时让学生学到了最基本的读，写知识以及数学知识。1.C细节题，文章的最后一段提到teachthebasicstepsnecessaryforproblem-solving，由此可知这项活动的目的是为了发展学生解决问题的能力。2.D细节题，文章第二段第三句提到withtheaidofanarchitectwhovisitstheclassroom，onceaweek，“在一个每周来访一次的建筑师的帮助下”，由此可知建筑帅来访的目的是帮助学生们，故选D。3.C细节题，从第二段第四句…saystheteacherwhodevelopedthisprogram可知选C4.D细节题，文章第二段倒数第二句中提到becausetherearenowronganswersinafuturecontext，“对于未来而言不会有事情是错误的，所以学生们可以自由驰骋想象，故选D。