考点12非谓语动词-2018年中考英语语法考点纵览 11页

实用标准文案中考英语语法考点纵览12——非谓语动词一、非谓语动词概述1、非谓语动词的概念：动词按照在句中作不作谓语，可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词，非谓语动词在句中不可以充当谓语，但是可以充当除谓语以外的其它句子成分。2、非谓语动词的使用条件：在一个单句中，如果已经存在一个谓语动词，而且在没有连词的情况下，需要使用其它动词时，用非谓语动词的形式。3、非谓语动词的分类：动词不定式（todo）、动名词（doing）、现在分词（doing）、过去分词（done）二、非谓语动词考点纵览考点一：不定式的用法考点1：不定式作主语。不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语不定式放在后面。典型例题1______Englishisnoteasy___us.A.Speak;forB.Speaking;toC.Tospeak;forD.Tospeak;to答案：C（不定式用作主语，表示做某事对某人来说怎们样）典型例题2Itisveryimportant___us______breakfast.A.for;havingB.to;tohaveC.for;haveD.for;tohave答案：D（此题考查句型It’s+adj.+forsb.+todosth.）典型题3Itisverykind___you______us.A.for;helpingB.for;tohelpC.of;helpingD.of;tohelp答案：D（此题考查句型It’s+adj.+ofsb.+todosth.）考点2：不定式作宾语。①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词多表示打算或者希望，如would精彩文档 实用标准文案like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。典型例题1Wouldyoulike______themoviethisevening?A.toseeB.seeingC.seeD.sees答案：A（wouldliketodosth.表示“想要做某事”）典型例题2Hewants______(travel)aroundtheworld.答案：totravel（want后接动词不定式作宾语）典型例题3Wedecide_____(plan)foroursummerholiday.答案：toplan（decide后接动词不定式作宾语）②在动词find、think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在后面。典型例题1Ifinditeasy__________Englisheveryday.A.readingB.toreadC.readD.reads答案：B（此题考查it作形式主语的用法：find+it+adj.+todosth.）典型例题2Hefindsithard________(catchupwith)hisclassmates.答案：tocatchupwith（此题考查it作形式主语的用法：find+it+adj.+todosth.）典型例题3Ithink______important______early.A.it;sleepingB.it;tosleepC.that;sleepingD.it;sleeps答案：B（此题考查it作形式主语的用法：think+it+adj.+todosth.）考点3：不定式作宾语补足语。精彩文档 实用标准文案①不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。Tomaskedhimtoturnofftheradio.汤姆要他关掉录音机。Iwantmyfathertobuyakiteforme.我想要我爸爸给我买个风筝。Theteacherwarnedthestudentsnottocheatintheexam.老师警告学生不要考试作弊。②使役动词和感官类动词用不定式作宾补时，不定式要省略to。这样的动词有：make,let,see,watch,hear,notice等。Mymotherletsmecookthedinner.妈妈让我烧饭。Ioftenseetheoldmantakeawalkinthepark.我经常看到这个老人在公园里散步。Canyouhearsomeonesinginthenextroom?你能听到有人在隔壁房间唱歌吗？考点4：不定式作表语。不定式作表语说明主语的特征和属性。MyjobistoteachEnglish.我的工作是教英语。Herdreamistobecomeascientist.她的梦想是成为一个科学家。Ourgoalistowinthegame.我们的目标是赢得比赛。考点5：不定式作定语。不定式作定语时，应放在名词后面，它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如果是不定式不及动词，且与被修饰词之间有动宾关系时，要在不定式后面加上适当的介词。Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.我有很多家庭作业要做。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.没有什么好担心的。Wearelookingforahoteltolivein.我们正在找一个宾馆住下。考点6：不定式作状语。不定式作状语，表示目的，意为“为了……”。精彩文档 实用标准文案典型例题1Icomehere__________mygrandparents.A.visitingB.tovisitC.visitedD.visits答案：B（这里动词不定式tovisitmygrandparents用作目的状语）典型例题2,heworkshard.A.TolivewellB.LivingwellC.LiveswellD.Livedwell答案：A（这里动词不定式tolivewell用作目的状语）考点7：不定式常与特殊疑问词what，which，when,where,how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。典型例题1Idon’tknowthemuseum.A.howcanIgettoB.howgettoC.howtogettoD.howtoget答案：C（此题考查特殊疑问词+不定式的用法）典型例题2Theteacheristellingthestudents.A.whattodoB.whattodoitC.whatcantheydoD.whatdoing答案：A（此题考查特殊疑问词+不定式的用法）典型例题3Theyhaven’tdecidedtomorrowmorning.A.whensetoffB.whentosetoffC.whensettingoffD.whensetsoff答案：B（此题考查特殊疑问词+不定式的用法）考点二：动名词的用法考点1：动名词作主语。精彩文档 实用标准文案动名词作主语多表示习惯性动作，谓语动词用单数。Collectingstampsishishobby.集邮是他的爱好。Eatingtoomuchisbadforhealth.吃太多对你的健康有害。Speakingloudlyinthereadingroomisnotallowed.在阅览室里大声说话是不允许的。考点2：动名词作宾语。动名词作宾语放在某些动词后边以及介词后面，表示一般的习惯或经常性的动作。常见的这类动词有：finish,enjoy,mind,imagine,miss,spend,keep,practice,allow,advise,feellike,havefun等。Ihavefinisheddoingmyhomework.我已经做完作业了。Doyoumindopeningthewindowforus?你介意帮我们打开窗户吗？Thechildrenfeellikedrinkingsomewater.孩子们想喝点水。Whataboutgoingswimmingintheafternoon?下午去游泳怎么样啊？考点3：动名词作表语。HerjobisteachingEnglish.她的工作是教英语。MyhobbyislyingonthebedandwatchingTV.我的爱好是躺在床上看电视。考点4：动名词作定语。动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的用途、作用等。aswimmingpool游泳池thereadingroom阅览室teachingmethods教学方法考点5：某些动词后接不定式和动名词的区别。①stoptodo停下来去做另一件事stopdoing停止做某事Hestoppedtohavearest.他停下来休息了会。精彩文档 实用标准文案Let’sstoptalking.让我们停止谈话。②forgettodo忘记要去做某事（未做）forgetdoing忘记做某事（已做）Don’tforgettoturnoffthelight.不要忘记关灯。Heforgotlockingthedoor.他忘记把门已经锁了。③remembertodo记得要去做某事（未做）rememberdoing记得做过某事（已做）Remembertohandinyourhomework.记得交作业。Don’tyourememberseeingthepersonbefore?你不记得以前见过这个人吗？④regrettodo对要做的事表示遗憾（未做）regretdoing对做过的事表示遗憾（已做）IregrettotellyouthatIhavefailedintheexam.我很后悔告诉你我考试没过。Theladydoesn’tregretmarryingtheman.这个女的不后悔嫁给这个男的。⑤trytodo设法或努力做某事trydoing尝试做某事Wemusttrytobemorecareful.我们必须多加小心。Heistryingopeningthedoor.他正在尝试打开门。⑥meantodo打算做某事meandoing意味着做某事Imeantobuyacar,butIhavenomoney.我打算买俩车，但是我没钱。Doingthatmeanswastingtime.那样做意味着浪费时间。⑦goontodo放下手头的事继续做别的事goondoing继续做原来的事Wegotupandwentontohavebreakfast.我们起床后，接着吃早饭。精彩文档 实用标准文案Hedidn’thavearestandwentonworking.他没有休息，继续工作着。考点三：分词的用法考点1：分词的分类及用法。①分词分为现在分词和过去分词，现在分词由“动词+ing”构成。过去分词由“动词+ed”构成，但也有不规则变化。②现在分词有主动、进行之意；过去分词有被动、完成之意。考点2：分词作定语。典型例题1Doyouknowthegirlunderthetree?A.standingB.standsC.standD.stood答案：A（此处现在分词短语standingunderthetree用作定语）典型例题2Iboughtatable.A.makingofwoodB.madeofwoodC.makesofwoodD.makeofwood答案：B（此处过去分词短语madeofwood用作定语）典型例题3Thisisabookfromthelibrary.A.borrowingB.borrowsC.borrowD.borrowed答案：D（此处过去分词短语borrowedfromthelibrary用作定语）考点3：分词作表语。现在分词表示主语的性质、特征，过去分词表示某种状态。典型例题1Thatfilmisvery.精彩文档 实用标准文案A.interestingB.interestC.interestedD.interests答案：A（interesting表示“有趣的”，强调某个物体很有趣）典型例题2Tomfeltwhenhesawasnake.A.frightenedB.frighteningC.frightenD.frightens答案：A（frightened表示“感到害怕的”，强调某个人感到害怕）典型例题3Theygotaftertheyheardthegoodnews.A.exciteB.excitesC.excitedD.exciting答案：C（excited表示“感到兴奋的”，强调某人感到兴奋）考点4：分词作状语。现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是主句主语；过去分词作状语时，其逻辑宾语是主句主语。典型例题1Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,.A.laughingandsingB.laughingandsingingC.laughedandsungD.laughingandsung答案：B（此处现在分词laughingandsinging表示伴随状况，作伴随状语）典型例题2,thevillageisbeautiful.A.SeeingfromthemountainB.SeenfromthemountainC.SeefromthemountainD.Seesfromthemountain答案：B（此处过去分词短语seenfromthemountain用来作状语）典型例题3,hejumpedup.A.HearingthisB.HearthisC.HearsthisD.Heardthis答案：A（此处现在分词短语hearingthis用来作状语）三、巩固训练精彩文档 实用标准文案(2013●淮安市)1.Attimes,parentsfinditdifficult________withtheirteenagechildren.A.talkB.talkedC.talkingD.totalk(2014●淮安市)2.---Whatelseshouldwepayattentionto_______buildingthebridge?---Thechangeoftheweather,Ithink..A.finishB.finishedC.tofinishD.finishing(2016●淮安市)3.______greatfunAndrewhas______DIYintheartroomwithhisclassmates!A.What;doingB.What;doneC.How;doingD.How;done(2013●南京市)4.---Whyareyousoexcitedtoday?---Weweretold_________apicnicthisweekend.A.haveB.tohaveC.havingD.had(2014●南通市)5.Whyhaveyoustopped_______,Kitty?Thesingingcompetitioniscomingupsoon!A.topracticetosingB.topracticesingingC.practicingtosingD.practicingsinging(2015●南通市)6.Thissignisusedtouriststostayawayfromthelioninthezoo.A.towarnB.towarningC.tomakeD.tomaking(2016●南通市)7.Thecouplewillbeawayforawhileandtheyneedsomeonethebaby.A.lookafterB.lookingafterC.lookedafterD.tolookafter(2014●苏州市)8.Thedriverwanted________hiscarneartheroadsidebutwasaskedbythepolicenotto.A.parkB.parkedC.toparkD.parking(2015●苏州市)9.Iwastiredout,soIstoppedthecarashortrest.A.haveB.havingC.tohaveD.had(2016●泰州市)10.---MrLing,Ihavesomedifficultythearticle.---Rememberitthreeorfourtimesatleast.A.tounderstand;readingB.understanding;readingC.understanding;toreadD.tounderstand;toread(2013•无锡市)11.Don"tthrowawaythewastepaper.Itneeds__________sothatitcanbereused.A.todestroyB.destroyingC.tocollectD.collecting(2013•宿迁市)12.It"sdangerousacloselookatthetigerinthezoo.A.forustakingB.ofustotakeC.ofustakingD.forustotake(2013•宿迁市)13.Atpresent,lotsofpeoplewouldratherinthecountrybecausethereispollutioninthecity.A.live;moreB.tolive;lessC.live;lessD.tolive;more精彩文档 实用标准文案(2015•宿迁市)14.IheardTom________whenIwalkedpasthisroomyesterday.A.singB.singingC.tosingD.sang(2012•徐州市)15.I"msleepy.Iprefer__________athometogoingoutforawalk.A.sleepingB.tosleepC.sleptD.sleep(2014•徐州市)16.Itwasdarkoutside.Suedecidedtothebankalone.A.notgoingB.goingnotC.nottogoD.tonotgo(2016•徐州市)17.Davidsaidthattheglasswasbrokenandwarnedme__________it.A.don"ttouchB.tonottouchC.nottotouchD.notouching(2016•盐城市)18.Wemustdoeverythingwecan______wastewaterfromrunningintorivers.A.preventB.preventedC.preventingD.toprevent(2013•扬州市)19.---Whatareyougoingtodowhenyougrowup?---Asinger,butmyparentswishme_________ateacher.A.amB.tobeC.willbeD.be(2014•扬州市)20---Somechildrencan"tafford________necessarystationary.---Let"sdonateourpocketmoneytothem.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.bebought(2015•扬州市)21.---Whatshouldwetakewhengoingbirdwatching?---Weshouldtakeapairofbinoculars____________thebirdsclearly.A.seeB.seeingC.toseeD.sees(2013•镇江市)22.He______dinneratrestaurantslastyear,butnowheusuallycomestackhomeafterworkandcookssupperforhisfamily.A.usedtohaveB.isusedtohaveC.wasusedtohaveD.isusedtohaving(2014•镇江市)23.SpringBudProjectisanorganizationthatraisesmoneypooryounggirlsreturntoschool.A.tosaveB.savingC.helpingD.tohelp(2015•镇江市)24.---Doesyourauntonlyhaveapieceofbreadforsupper?---Yes.Sheeatsalittle.Shelooksslimmerthanbefore.A.tosavemoneyB.toloseweightC.savingmoneyD.losingweight(2016•镇江市)25.Ourcountryencouragesmorestudentsfootball.Nowmanyfootballclubshavebeensetupinschools.A.playB.playingC.toplayD.willplay精彩文档 实用标准文案答案解析1.选D。此题考查find+it+adj.+todosth.的用法，这里it是形式宾语，代替真正的宾语动词不定式。2.选C。此处动词不定式tofinishbuildingthebridge用作目的状语。3.选A。havefundoingsth.表示“开心做某事”。4.选B。tellsb.todosth.表示“告诉某人做某事”，被动形式为betoldtodosth.。11.选D。needcollecting相当于needtobecollected，表示“需要被收集”。12.选D。此题考查句型：It"s+adj.+forsb.+todosth.。13.选C。第一空考查wouldratherdosth.“宁愿做某事”，第二空表示“农村有更少的污染”。14.选B。hearsb.doingsth.表示“听到某人正在做某事”。15.选A。preferdoingsth.todoingsth.表示“同做某事比起来更喜欢做某事”。16.选C。decidenottodosth.表示“决定不做某事”。17.选C。warnsb.nottodosth.表示“警告某人不要做某事”。18.选D。此处动词不定式topreventwastewaterfromrunningintorivers用作目的状语。19.选B。wishsb.todosth.表示“希望某人做某事”。精彩文档