中考英语语法专项复习及配套练习 47页

2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）2015年中考英语语法要点集中突破复习及配套练习★★代词和冠词★★【语法提示】1、人称代词的顺序：单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：第二人称－>第三人称－>第一人称；e.g.You,heandIareofthesameage.复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：第一人称－>第二人称－>第三人称；e.g.We,youandtheyareallChinese.男女并列时，男先女后（heandshe）注意：在下列情况中，第一人称放在前面。a.在承认错误，承担责任时。ItwasIandJohnthatmadeherangry.　　b.在长辈对晚辈，长官对下属说话时，如长官为第一人称。Iandyoutrytofinishit.c.并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时。2、人称代词it的用法：除了可以指人指物之外，还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义，此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用，替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句（形式主语或形式宾语），还可以在固定的句型中使用，如强调句型或“Itis+一段时间+since+一般过去时”句型等。如：--What’stheweatherliketoday?—It’sfine.--What’sthetime?–It’s12：00.It’salongwaytogo.Ittookhimthreedaystocleanhishouse.ItisveryclearthatthepublicwanttoknowwhenthesemencangointospaceWefounditverydifficulttolearnaforeignlanguagewell.Itseemsthatshehasknownthetruth.强调句型的结构：Itis/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其余部分如：Tommethisoldfriendintheparkyesterday.（强调主语）ItwasTomthat/whomethisoldfriendintheparkyesterday.（强调宾语）Itwashisoldfriendthat/whoTommetintheparkyesterday.（强调地点）ItwasintheparkthatTommethisoldfriendyesterday.（强调时间）ItwasyesterdaythatTommethisoldfriendinthepark.再如：Tomdidn’tgotoschoolbecauseofhisillness.（强调原因）ItwasbecauseofhisillnessthatTomdidn’tgotoschool.3、some和any的特别用法：1）some用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。Wouldyoulikesomecoffeewithsugar?2）any用于肯定句或条件句时,意思是“任何的”。Comeherewithanyfriend.(随便带什么朋友来吧。)3）some当做“某一”解时，也可与单数名词连用。（=acertain）　　　Youwillbesorryforthissomeday.Acertain(some)personhasseenyoubreaktherule.区分：somekindof________________/somekindsof_____________________4、anyone&anyone和noone&none的用法：人/物of连用使用句式谓语noone/nobody人不Who问句Anyone/anybody连接的一般疑问句单数None人、物可以Howmany/much的问句单数、复数Nothing物不What问句Anything连接的一般疑问句单数anyone/anybody人不否定句、一般疑问句在肯定句中表示“任何人”单数活学活用：47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）1）用noone/nobody/none填空：Howmanypeoplecametoseeyouthatday?___________.Whoknowsthetruth?___________.___________ofmyfriendscametoseemethatday?____________knowshowhemanagedtogettheticket.2）单项选择：Asmilecosts_______,butgivessomuch.Soweshouldlearntosmile.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everythingEddiehas__todo,andhesleepsalldaylong.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everythingIturnedtobookstoresandlibrarieslookingforinformationandfound_______.A.noneB.bothC.oneD.neither5、either、both和neither的用法：指代人/物谓语单数/复数肯定/否定搭配及用法all三个（以上）人/物单数/复数肯定独立做主语或指不可数名词，动词为单数both两个人/物复数肯定both...and...either两者中的一个人/物单数肯定either...or...就近原则neither两者（人/物）都不单数/复数否定neither...nor...就近原则none三者（以上）人/物都不单数否定noneofthemeach每个人/物单数/复数肯定作同位语时，动词与主语一致every每个（三个或以上）人/物单数肯定与not连用构成部分否定活学活用：1）All___________(is/are)goingwell.2）Bothofthegirls_____________(is/are)activeinclass.3）EitheryouorLucy____________(is/are)goingthere.4）Neitheroftherooms____________(have/has)beenusedformorethantwoyears.5）Everystudent____________(doesn’t/don’t)likeit.6）Iaskedtwostudentsthewaytothepostoffice,but________themknew.A.bothB.eitherC.noneD.neither7）----CanyoucomeonMondayorTuesday,Scott?----I’mafraid______ispossible.I’llbeonbusinessonthosetwodays.A.eitherB.neitherC.everyD.each8）----TheteachersinthatschoolspeakeitherEnglishorFrench,oreven_______.----That’ssocool!A.allB.bothC.neitherD.none9）----Howmanysutdentsarethereintheclassroom?----_______.Theyareallinthelab.A.SomeB.NoneC.AllD.Neither10）Youareinabadmoodalltheafternoon.Maybeyouneed_______likemetocheeryouup.A.nooneB.noneC.someoneD.everyone11）Itriedseveraljacketson,but____ofthemlookedgood.A.bothB.eitherC.noneD.neither6、other、others、theother、theothers和another的用法：1）other“其他的；另外的”，可接可数名词的复数，复数形式others表示“另一些”后不跟名词。例如：Jimandthreeotherstudentswerethere.吉姆和其他三个学生都在场。Somedesignsarebetterthanothers.有一些设计比其他的好。2）theother指“两者中的另一个”，常与one连用，构成one...,theother...结构；theothers特指一定范围内的“其余的人或物”。例如：Ihavegottentenpencils.Twoofthemarered,theothersareblue.......，其余的是蓝色的。Hehastwosons.Oneisaworker,theotherisateacher.......，一个是工人，一个是老师。3）another表示不定数目中的另一个，意思是“再一；又一”，一般接单数名词，如果后有few或数词时，可接复数名词。如：47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）Lucy,wouldyoulikeanothercake?Hewillbebackinanothertendays.活学活用：*----Ifyouprefertheredeveningdress,you’llhavetopay__30dollars,becauseit’samdeofsilk.----OK.Hereyouare.A.otherB.theotherC.moreD.another*Weshouldtellthetruth.Wecan’tsayonethingtoonepersonand______thingtosomeoneelse.A.otherB.anotherC.theotherD.onemore*----Oh,thetrafficissoheavy.----Let’schange_______routetotheairport.A.otherB.othersC.theotherD.another*----Wehavefivekindsofschoolbags.Doyoulikethisone?----No.Canyoushowme_______?A.anotherB.eachotherC.theotherD.others*______you_______yourbrothercanjoinus.Wewantoneofyou.A.Both,andB.Neither,norC.Either,orD.Notonly,butalso*注意搭配：一个......，另一个......____________________；一些......，另一些......__________________再过十天____________________；__________________；___________________许多其它的国家________________________________theothers=____________________7、it、one和ones的用法：1）ones必须和形容词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容词在前，则用some,any，而不用ones。　　Haveyouboughtanyrulers?　Yes，I’veboughtsome.2)one表示指，that和it表特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it与所指名词为同一个。　Ican"tfindmyhat.IthinkImustbuyone.　(不定)ThehatyouboughtisbiggerthanthatIbought.　(同类但不同个)Ican"tfindmyhat.Idon"tknowwhereIputit.　(同一物)活学活用：----Ineedsomethingforcuttingthepaper.----Oh,youwantaknife?OK,I’llget__foryou.A.itB.thatC.thisD.one８、“大量、许多”的用法：alotof（或lotsof）既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式，可以换为much和many；plentyof“足够、大量”，既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式。anumberof/largenumbersof只可以修饰可数名词复数形式（它修饰的词作主语时谓语用复数形式）可以换为some、many、alotof、plentyof。agreatdealof/alargeamountof只可以修饰不可数名词（它修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数形式）可以换为much。如：Alotofpeoplethinkthattimeismoney.Idon’thavetodoitinahurrybecauseIhaveplentyoftime.Ihaveanumberofletterstowritetoday.Ispendagreatdealof/alargeamountoftime/moneyonshopping.9、相互代词：eachother,oneanothereachother,oneanother是相互代词，译成“互相”，可以通用。eachother表示两者之间，而oneanther表示许多人之间。它们有所有格形式eachother’s，oneanother’s。如：Wemusthelpeachotherwhenweareintrouble.Theysattherewithouttalkingtooneanother/eachother.10、反身代词的相关短语：enjoyoneselfhurtoneselfteachoneself=learn...byoneselfhelponeselftoleavesb.byoneselfloseoneselfindressoneselfsaytooneself活学活用：1）----I’llhaveatennisgametomorrow.I’malittlebitnervous.----Believein____.You’rethebestinourclub.A.yourselfB.myselfC.herselfD.himself2）ThesongIBelieveICanFlytellsusthatbelievein______isveryimportant.A.themselvesB.itselfC.ourselvesD.yourselves3）Godhelpsthosewhohelp_____________(他们自己).4）----IamgladtobeinvitedtoSusan’sbirthdaypartyonFridayevening,Mum.47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）----_______yourself,dear!Butremembertobebackbefore10O’clock.A.HelpB.BelieveC.MakeD.Enjoy11、代词中的中英文差异：“动词+人称代词宾格+介词+the+身体某部位”表示“拍、打、拉某人身体的某部位”hitsb.onthenose；catchsb.bythearm；takesb.bythehand；hitsb.intheface；hitsb.onthehead12、冠词的几点特殊用法：1）用在姓氏之前表示一家人。如：TheGreensaregoingtoMountEmeinextmonth.活学活用：_______Brownswerehavingdinnerwhenthetelephonerang.A.AB.AnC.TheD./2）不定冠词a可以表示"一个"，意为one；指某人或某物。AMr.Lingiswaitingforyou.3）不定冠词的特殊位置：　a.位于下列形容词之后：such，what，many，half，Ihaveneverseensuchananimal.　　Manyamanisfitforthejob.b.当名词前的形容词被副词as,so,too,how,however,enough修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后：　　Soshortatime.　　Toolongatime.　c.quite，rather与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。quiteabeautifulcity典型试题应用：Qingdaois_________.Ihavebeentheretwice.A.suchbeautifulcityB.aquitebeautifulC.veryabeautifulcityD.sobeautifulacity4）用与不用冠词的差异：如：outofquestion意思为“毫无疑问”而outofthequestion为“不可能”。再如：inhospital/inthehospital________________________________infrontof/inthefrontof________________________________attable/atthetable________________________________bysea/bythesea________________________________gotoschool/gototheschool________________________________twoofus/thetwoofus________________________________nextyear/thenextyear________________________________ateacherandwriter/ateacherandawriter________________________________onearth/ontheearth________________________________5）有关冠词的短语搭配：akindof/kindof__________________；apairof____________；haveacold___________；makeanoise____________；atthesametime_____________；makethebed____________；inthedark_____________；inaword__________；inashortwhile_____________；haveatry____________；asaresult___________；amomentago_____________；inaminute_____________；anhourortwo=oneortwohours______________；makealiving____________；thewholeafternoon______________；活学活用：1）Thisis___usefulbook,__bookismybrother’s.A.a,theB.an,theC.a,anD.an,a2）IwanttoseeTinyTimes______secondtimebecauseitisquite______wonderfulmovie.A.the,aB.a,aC.the,/D.a,/3）----What______heavyrainitwas!----Yes,butIlove______airafteritrains.Itsmellssofresh.A.the,aB.a,theC.the,theD.a,a4）----Wouldyouliketocometomypartythisafternoon?----I’dliketo,butmymotherisillin______hospital,I’llgoto_______hospitaltoseeher.A./,aB.a,theC.the,theD./,the5）MtsSmithhas______8-year-olddaughterwhohaswontwonationalpaintingprizes.A.aB.anC.theD./6）Asweknow,Englandis_______EuropeancountryandSingaporeis______Asiancountry.A.an,anB.an,aC.a,aD.a,an47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）1）Alow-carbonlifestylehas______affectonourdailylife.Peoplearepayingmoreandmoreattentiontosaving_______thesedays.A.the,energiesB.a,energyC.an,energy【配套练习】1.WhenastronautsFeiJunlong,NieHaishengcamebackfromspace,manyreportersinterviewed________andgotsomefirst-handinformation.A.theyB.themC.theirD.themselves2.Thereis______reportintoday’snewspaper.It’sabouttheInternationalFilmFestival,Shanghai.A.aB.anC.theD./（不填）3LiuXiangandYaoMingareworld-famoussportsstars.____ofthemhavesetagoodexampletous.A.AllB.NeitherC.BothD.None4.—Is__________here?—No.TomandPeterhaveaskedfora1eave.A.anyoneB.everyoneC.someoneD.nobody5.—Mum,whereismyCDplayer?—It’sinwhitebagonyourdesk.A.aB.anC.theD.不填6.—Tom,Marycan’tsharpenthepencil.Canyougiveahand?—Certainly.A.sheB.herC.hersD.herself7.Jack,goodboy!Pleasepass____theglasses.Iwanttoreadthenewspaper.A.youB.meC.himD.her8.—Yourtea,please.—Theremustbe____________inthetea.Ittastesgood.A.anythingsweetB.somethingsweetC.sweetsomethingD.everythingsweet9.—Whatdoyouthinkofthebridge?—Ihaveneverseen________before.A.soalongoneB.solongoneC.suchalongoneD.asuchlongone10.—WhoseEnglish-Chinesedictionaryisthis?—It’s___.Myparentsboughtitformysisterandme.A.hersB.oursC.mineD.theirs11.IaskedLilyforpaper,butshedidn’thave.A.any;someB.any;anyC.some;anyD.some;some12.—Thisis______filmI’vetoldyouaboutseveraltimes.—It’sgreat.I’veneverseen______moremovingone.A.a,aB.the,theC.the,aD.a,the13.—Couldyoulendmeyourpen?—Ofcourse.Ihavetwo,and______ofthemwritewell.A.anyB.allC.bothD.two14.—Whichwouldyoulike,teaorcoffee?—________isOK.Ireallydon"tmind.A.Both               B.Either              C.None     D.Neither15.—whotaught_____French?—Nobody.Shelearnedallby__________.A.herself;herB.she;herselfC.her;sheD.her;herself16.----_________bowlofmuttonsoupwouldyoulike?----Abigbowl,please.A.WhatsizeB.WhatbigC.HowmuchD.Howsize17.Thereis_______newsaboutthismoviestarinthenewspaper.WherecanIgetsome?A.manyB.afewC.alotD.little18.Itisagoodhabitof___toreadafewlinesbeforegoingtobed.A.IB.meC.myD.mine19.Itriedseveraljacketson,but____ofthemlookedgood.A.bothB.eitherC.noneD.neither20.Ithinkit’sreally____hardworkformetofinishthejobintwentyminutes.A.aB.anC.theD./21.Lilyandhersisterlookthesame.Ican’ttellonefrom____.A.otherB.anotherC.theotherD.others22.It’seasytofindagoodhotelinourcitybecausewehave_______ofthemhere.A.noneB.fewC.manyD.each23.----WillyougotothenextOlympicGameswithyoursister?----Dadcanonlyaffordoneticket,so______ofushastostayathome.A.eitherB.allC.bothD.neither24.----Doyouknow_______thisdictionarybelongsto?----Letmesee.Oh,it’s_______.A.whodoes,mineB.who,meC.whose,mineD.whom,mine25.----Idon’thavewhiteshoesfortomorrow’sspeechcontest.47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）----Mybrotherhas______pair.Wouldyouliketotry_______on?A.a,itB.one,itC.one,themD.two,them【检测练习】1.Mypenis____.Ican’tfind___anywhere.A.missed,itB.missing,itC.missed,oneD.missing,one2.Thewomanhadababy._______istenmonthsold.A.SheB.HeC.It3.从这儿走到学校要一个半小时。_______oneand________________________walkfromheretoourschool.4.最初我感到英语很难学。Ifound__________________tolearnEnglishatfirst.5.这是你的新上衣，请把它穿上。Thisisyournewcoat.Please___________________________.6.Hishandwritingisbetterthan___________(我的).7.汤姆自学英语。Tom_____________________English.8.孩子们，随意吃些香蕉吧。Boysandgirls,______________________tosomebananas.9.年老的人和年轻人应该相互学习。Theoldand______________shouldlearn_____________________.10.我们对彼此的工作感兴趣。Weare____________in____________________work.11.中国的人口比印度多。The____________ofChinais__________than__________ofIndia.12.跟他谈话的那个人是他父亲。Theperson_________heistalking________ishisfather.13.你的练习中有太多的错误了。Thereare______________________________inyourexercises.14.这条街的两边都有树。Therearetreeson__________________ofthestreet.15.不是你就是我将要去美国。________you_______I________goingtoAmerica.16.你和他都没错。_________you________he_________wrong.17.小明，我有重要的事情告诉你。XiaoMing,Ihave_________________________________tellyou.18.----Sonia,isthisyourdictionary?----Oh,no,it’snot_______.AskLiLei,heislookingfor______.A.me,hersB.mine,himC.my,herD.mine,his19.----WillyoutakepartintheEnglishspeechcompetitiontomorrow?----Sure.Iseeitasachancetoprove_______.A.myselfB.meC.yourselfD.you20.----Thevillage______Ivisitedlastyearhaschangedalot.----Really?Ihopetogothereoneday.A.thatB.whereC.whoD.when21.----Mom,I’mhungry.CanIhavesomecakes?----Sure.But__ofyourhandsisdirty,Tommy.PleasewashthemA.eitherB.bothC.noneD.neither22.----Doyouknow______thegirlinredis?----I’mnotsure.Maybeateacher.A.whenB.howC.whereD.what23.----Whichbasketballplayerdoyoulikebest,Kpbe,JamesorJordan?----____ofthem.LinShuhaoismyfavorite.A.AllB.NoneC.EitherD.Neither24.---Couldweseeeachotherat9o’clocktomorrowmorning?---Sorry,let’smakeit_time.A.other’sB.theotherC.anotherD.other25.It’seasytofindagoodhotelinourcitybecausewehave___ofthemhere.A.noneB.fewC.manyD.each26.Youlookworried!Is________allright?A.everythingB.somethingC.anythingD.nothing27.----Youhavetriedonseveralshirts.----Sorrytotakeuptoomuchofyourtime.But_____ofthemlookgoodonme.A.neitherB.anyC.noneD.both28.----CouldyoucomeovertomyhouseonFridayorSaturday?----I’mafraid______dayispossible.A.eitherB.bothC.allD.neither29.----Doyouknow______thisdictionarybelongsto?----Letmesee.Oh,it’s_____.A.whodoes,mineB.who,meC.whose,mineD.who,mine30.GoonwithyourEnglishstudy.___isdifficultifyouputyourheartintoit.A.AnythingB.SomethingC.Nothing31.----Whichdoyouprefer,teaorcoffee?----Idon’tcare.______isfine.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.All32.Ihearsomeone______atthedoor.Pleasegoandseewho______is.A.knock,heB.knocking,heC.knock,itD.knocking,it33.Wethink______necessaryforyoutowashyourownclothes.A.itB.thatC.thatisD.weare34.___haveknowneachotherformanyyears.A.He,youandIB.You,IandheC.I,youandheD.You,heandI35.WhenIreturnedtomyhometown,Iwasnearlylost.Almost________hadchanged.A.nothingB.anythingC.somethingD.everything36.----Iphonedyouatsixlastnight,but______answered.----I______awalkintheparkatthattime.47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）A.noone,washavingB.anyone,washavingC.nobody,hadD.somebody,had37.----CouldIspeaktoJane,Please?----______Janespeaking.A.ThisisB.ThatisC.IamD.Sheis38.ThecarsmadeinJapanaremuchcheaperthan____madeinAmerica.A.onesB.thoseC.thatD.it39.----Whereismywatch?Ican’tfindit.----Don’tworry.Itmustbe___inyourroom.A.somewhereB.anywhereC.everywhereD.nowhere40.----Whichofthesetwosweaterswillyoutake?----I’lltake____.Theylooknearlythesame,andIjustneedone.A.bothB.eitherC.noneD.all41.Couldyoupleasedo______forme?A.everythingB.nothingC.somethingD.anything42.___ofthefourroadswilltakeyoutotheschoolwhereyouwanttogo.A.NeitherB.EitherC.BothD.Any43.______ofthestudentshasanEnglishdictionary.A.EveryB.AllC.BothD.Each44.----Whichwouldyoulike,acupofteaoraglassofwater?----______.IthinkI’lljusthaveaglassofmilk.A.NoneB.NeitherC.BothD.Either45.It’s_________formetoworkwithyou.A.pleasureB.pleaseC.apleasure46.Thereis________“f”in________word“five”.（a,an,the,/）47.她是我班最仔细的学生。____________________________________________48.Thewarbrokeout______________________（在20世纪40年代）.49.__________________（在他九十多岁时）,hebegantolearnasecondforeignlanguage.50.这根绳子比那根绳子长三分之二。Theropeis___________________________thanthatone.Theropeis__________________as________asthatone.Theropeis_____________________________________ofthatone.51.Thecakeisdelicious,andIwouldlike_______secondone.（a,the）52.________numberofstudentslikeplayingcomputergames.（a,the）________numberofthestudentsisabout1,500inourschool.（a,the）53.Shewas________thatshetooktheblindmantothestation.A.soanicegirlB.suchniceagirlC.averynicegirlD.soniceagirl54.Manypeoplearestillin__habitofwritingsillythingsin___publicplaces.A./,theB.the,/C./,/D.the,the55.----IsMrFrancoHollande__honestandcapableman?----Yes.Andthatiswhyhewaschosen__presidentofFrance.A.a,aB.an,/C.the,theD.a,/56.Theywanttheirdaughtertogoto____university,buttheyalsowant___asummerjob.A./,aB.the,aC.an,aD.a,the57.Thereisnolivingthingon______moon.A.theB.aC./58.Inordertofind___betterjob,sheplannedtolearn____secondforeignlanguage.A.the,aB.a,aC.the,theD.a,the59.Asweknow,Englandis___EuropeancountryandSingaporeis____Asiancountry.A.an,anB.an,aC.a,aD.a,an60.It’snot__goodideatodriveforfourhourswithout___break.A.a,aB.a,theC.the,aD.the,the61.Ireallylike______bookyoulentmeyesterday.A.aB.anC.theD./62.Alow-carbonlifestylehas______effectonourdailylife.Peoplearepayingmoreandmoreattentiontosaving_______thesedays.A.the,energiesB.a,energyC.an,energy63.Don’ttalktomeoften.Iamin_______hurry.A.anB.aC.theD./64._____elephantismuchbiggerthan______cow.A.An,aB.An,anC.A,anD,A,a65.______planeis_______machinethatcanfly.A.A,aB.The,aC.The,theD./,a66.Theboymade______suddenlyandallthepeopleturnedtolookathimimmediately.A.noiseB.thenoiseC.noisesD.anoise67.TodaywewillstudyLessonFive,_______lesson.A.afiveB.afifthC.thefiveD.thefifth68.What______finedayitistoday!Let’sgoto___SummerPalace.A.an,aB.the,theC.a,aD.a,the69.Wealwayshave_______ricefor________lunch.A./,/B.the,/C./,aD.the,the70.HeisgoingtoLondonby_______sea.A.theB.aC.oneD./71.___teacherand____writerisgoingtogiveusatalknextweek.A.The,theB.The,/C.A,aD.A,/72.Tom’smotherisill.Shehasbeen_forhalfayear.A.inhospitalB.inthehopspitalC.inahospitalD.inhospitals73.It’s___besttimetovisitChinain___springbecauseit’sneithertoocoldnortoohot.A.the,theB.the,/C.a,theD./,the47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）74.----Isit__stampI’vetoldyouabout?----Yes,isn’tit___wonderfulone?A.a,aB.a,theC.the,aD.the,the75.Theyhavebeenworkingfor____wholethreehours.A./B.aC.theD.an★★介词和连词★★【语法提示】表示时间和日期的介词：介词适用范围例句in在某个世纪，朝代，时代，年份，月份，季节及一般的早、中、晚等HewasborninOctober,2007.Farmershadahardlifeinthe1960s.on具体某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上；形容词修饰的早中晚或节日前Theearthquakehappenedonarainynight.WhatdoyoudoonChildren’sDay?at某一时刻或较短暂的时间Hewenttothemovieswithhisfriendsat8:00pm.in“in+一段时间”表示“多久以后”，用将来时----Howsoonwillyourfathercomeback?----Intwoweeks.after“after+一段时间”表示“多久以后”，用过去时，跟时间点用将来时Aftertwomonths,hediedinprison.Hewillbebackafterteno’clock.during一段时间内自始至终的状态，强调时间的延续性Theshopwasclosedduringthewholethreemonths.for表示“历时；持续......之久”Ihaveworkedinthisfactoryfortenyears.since表示过去一直到现在，用现在完成时They’velivedinZibosincetheycametoChina.by“在某时之前，不迟于某时”，某时包括在内Wehadtoarriveattheairportby8:00o’clock.before“在某时之前”，不包括某时在内Onlythreedaysremainedbeforetheexam.until用于否定句，表示“直到......才”；用于肯定句，表示“直到.......为止”I’llwaituntilhearrives.Ididn’tgotobeduntilIfinishedmyhomework.from表示开始的时间，不说明持续多久Fromnowon,IwillreadEnglisheveryday.表示原因的介词：介词适用范围例句becauseof“因为，由于”，后跟名词，句首、居中Wehadtoputoffthemeetingbecauseofthebadweather.thanksto“幸亏”，句中作状语，不做谓语Thankstoyourhelp,wefinisheditontime.表示方式、属性的介词：介词适用范围例句by乘坐交通工具；通过某种方式做某事Ioftengotoschoolbybike.WelearnEnglishbylistening.with“带着；伴随；用”，后跟工具、手段、材料或方式；也可表示具备的属性或特征Hehasmealswithhislefthand.MrGreenhasagardenwithaswimmingpool.through表示“以......方法、手段；经由”之意Igottoknowhimthroughafriendofmine.as“作为；当成”，侧重介绍人物的身份Heworksinthisrestaurantasawaiter.表示方位的介词：介词适用范围例句第一组at在某个小地方；在附近，在旁边Heisn’tatschool,andheisathome.in在某个大地方；在......范围之内HewillarriveinJinanthisafternoon.on在......上面；毗邻，接壤ShandongisonthenortheastofHenan.to在......范围外（不接壤）；到......JapanistotheeastofChina.第二组above高过，在......上面（不接触，不垂直）Thebirdisflyingabovemyhead.over高过（不接触，垂直）Theresiabridgeovertheriver.on在上面（互相接触）Heputhiswatchonthedesk.第三组under在......下方（不接触，垂直）Thereisacatunderthetable.47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）below在......下方（不接触，不垂直）Pleasewriteyournamebelowtheline.第四组beside/by在......旁边，两者相互替换Thereisahotelbeside/bytheriver.to做介词的情况：to作为介词，后常跟名词或动名词作宾语。短语有：payattentionto（）；leadto（）lookforwardto（）；prefer...to...（）；beusedto（）；例如：I’mlookingforwardto______________(receive)yourletter.活学活用：1)___thedevelopmentofeconomy,myhometownisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.A.InB.OnC.ByD.With2)----Howcanwepeotectourselves_______theearthquake?----Weshouldstaycalmfirst.A.withB.aboutC.forD.from3)We’llplaybasketball_____Class3tomorrow.A.overB.againstC.toD.for4)Momalwaystellsmethatnothingcanbelearned___hardwork.A.withB.byC.forD.without5)----Whatwouldyoulike__yourafternoontea?----Justacupofcoffee___somesugarandmilk.A.of,withB.of,withoutC.for,withD.for,without6)ManycitiesinChina,______Beijing,havebeendeeplyaffectedbydirtyair.A.includingB.behindC.withoutD.beyond7)Healthyeating___regularexerciseisthebestwaytokeepfit.A.lessthanB.insteadofC.suchasD.togetherwith8)Cambridgeisasmallcity______theeastofEngland.A.betweenB.withC.inD.under9)OnMay10th,ahorsewasfoundrunninghappily__thebusystreetinBeijing.A.atB.ofC.inD.from10)MoreandmorepeopleinShanghaichoosetogotowork___underground.A.inB.withC.byD.for11)Canaplanefly___________theAtlanticOcean?(穿越)12)Thesinger’ssweetvoicecomesintoourclassroom_______thewindow;allofusstoptolisten.A.inB.overC.acrossD.through13)----Whenwillthepartybeheld?----______twoweeks’time.A.AfterB.InC.OnD.At1、固定词组：arriveat/in(到达…)，onfoot(步行)，not…atall(根本不)，tothenorthof(在…以北)，intheeastof(在…的东部)，duringthenight(在夜间)，atnight(在晚上)，beafraidof(害怕…)，befullof(充满/装满….)，befilledwith(充满/装满….)，begood/badfor(对…有益/有害)，bemadeof(由…做成)，bemadefrom(由…制造)，playwith(玩耍……)，lookoutof(朝…外面看)，attheendof(在…末梢/结束时)，bytheendof(不迟于…/到…末为止)，withthehelpof或withone’shelp(在…的帮助下)，lookafter(照料…)，lookfor(寻找…)，onabike(=bybike)骑车，geton(well)with(与某人相处[融洽])，等等。2、某些介词的用法辨析：1）after与in表示时间的用法区别：“after+(具体时刻/从句)”表示“在…时刻之后”常用于一般时态，after后面若跟的是一段时间，则用一般过去时；“in+(一段时间)”表示“在(多久)之后”，常用于将来时态。如：Hesaidthathewouldbehereafter6：00.MyfatheriscomingbackfromEnglandinaboutamonth.2）since与for表示时间的用法区别：“since+(具体时刻/that-从句)”表示“自从…起一直到现在”，“for+(一段时间)”表示“总共有…之久”，都常用于完成时态；如：UncleLihasworkedinthisfactorysince1970.UncleLihasworkedinthisfactoryforover30years.3）by、in与with表示方式的用法区别：都可以表示“工具、手段”，但是by主要表示“乘坐”某个交通工具或“以……方式”，在被动句中可以表示动作的执行者；in表示“使用”某种语言/文字，with表示“使用”某个具体的工具、手段。如：Weseewithoureyesandwalkwithourfeet.PleasewritethatarticleinEnglish.Let’sgotothezoobytaxi.ItwaswrittenbyLaoShe.Hecuttheappleintohalves___________aknife.Hecamein__________abigsmileonhisface.47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）Canyousayit_________English?Hewrotealetter_________blueink.Istudyforatest__________workingwithagroup.4）through与across、over的用法区别：through指“穿过…(门洞/人群/树林)”；across和over可以指“跨越…(街道/河流)”，可互换，但是表示“翻过…”时只能用over。如：Justthenaratranacrosstheroad.Thereisabridgeacross/overtheriver.Theyclimbedoverthemountainandarrivedthereaheadoftime.Thevisitorswentthroughabiggateintoanotherpark.5）attheendof、bytheendof、totheend、intheend的用法区别：attheendof…既可以表示时间也可以表示地点，译为“在…末；在…尽头”，常与过去时连用；bytheendof…只能表示时间，译为“在…前；到…为止”，常用于过去完成时；intheend与atlast基本等义，表示“终于、最后”，常用于过去时；totheend译为“到…的终点为止”，前面往往有表示运动或连续性的动词。如：Bytheendoflasttermwehadlearned16unitsofBookIII.Attheendoftheroadyoucanfindabigwhitehousewithbrownwindows.TheyleftforBeijingattheendoflastweek.Intheendhesucceededinthefinalexams.Weshouldgoonwiththeworktotheend.Followthisroadtotheendandyouwillseeapostoffice.6）but的问题：用介词but引出另一个动词时，要注意：如果前面有do，后面就用原形动词，前面没有do时,后面的动词要加to。如：Icoulddonothingbutwait.Theyhadnochoicebuttofight.7）except与besides的区别：except“除了”，表示排除掉某人物，即不包含；而besides“除了”则表示包含，即“不仅……又……”如：EveryonewenttothePalaceMuseumexceptTom.BesidesChinesehealsostudiedmanyothersubjects.活学活用：Musicmakesourlifecolorful,andhelpsustorelax.______,EnlgishsongscanalsohelpuslearnEnglish.A.ExceptB.BesidesC.AsD.Like8）in/on/to表“方位”的区别：（in境内；on接壤；to不接壤）intheeastofontheeastoftotheeastof9）on/over/under/above/below表“上下”的区别：on：上面（接触）over/under：上下（垂直）above/below：上下（不垂直）例如：河上有座桥。______________________________________________________10）between和among的区别：between指两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上之间例如：你坐在我和Tom之间。Yousit__________himand_________.Thesongispopular___________thestudents.活学活用：*Wewillhavethefinalexam_______June28andJune30,sopleasegetready.A.onB.fromC.forD.between*IntheUK,smokingkillsabout114000peopleeachyear.300peopledieeverydaybecauseofsmoking,and___themmanyareyoungsmokers.A.amongB.betweenC.fromD.in*Ifyoutrytositontwochairs,youwillfall_______them.Forlife,youmustchooseonechair.A.betweenB.underC.amongD.into3、介词短语搭配：介词+名词：afterawhile___________；inahurry___________；withasmile__________onduty_______________；inorder_____________；inpublic____________动词+介词：shoutat______________；sendfor_____________；pointto_____________leavefor______________；handin_____________；askfor______________47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）形容词+介词：beangrywith________；bebusywith_________；beexcitedabout_______besurprisedat_______；beproudof__________；bestrictwith__________4、并列连词与从属连词：常见的并列连接词有：and(和)，but(但是)，or(或者，否则)，nor(也不),，so(所以)，however(然而，无论如何)，for(因为)，still(可是)。常见的并列连词还有：aswellas(也)，both…and...(...和...)，notonly...butalso...(不但…而且…)，either…or…(或…或…)，neither…nor…(既不…也不…)等，需要特别注意以上五组并列连词在连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词的单复数变化。aswellas____________；both...and..._______________：notonly...butalso/either...or.../neither...nor..._____________________常见的从属连接词有：when(当…时候),，while(正当…时候)，after(在…之后)，before(在…之前)，since(自从)，until(直到)，although/though(虽然)，if(假如)，as(如…一样；由于)，as…as…(和…一样)，asfaras(就…而言)，aslongas(只要)，assoonas(一…就…)，evenif(即使，because(因为)，unless(除非)，than(比…)，whether(是否…)，inorderthat…(为了)，so…that…(如此…以致)，sothat…(以便)，nowthat…(现在既然)，bythetime…(到…时候)，everytime…(每当)，asif…(仿佛)，nomatterwhen(或whenever)(无论何时)，nomatterwhere(或wherever)(无论在哪里)等。活学活用：1)Youmaygototheparkthisevening,__youmustfinishyourhomeworkfirst.A.orB.soC.andD.but2)_______wedealwithourproblems,wecaneasilybecomeunhappy.A.UntilB.IfC.UnlessD.Though3)Talktoyourteacherandyouwillgethelp__youhaveaproblem.A.unlessB.ifC.untilD.so4)Tomknewnothing_______hisfriendtoldhim.A.becauseB.untilC.sinceD.if5)IwaswatchingTV________mybrotherwaswritingane-mailathomeatthistimelastnight.A.assoonasB.afterC.untilD.while6)----IwanttoknowifMaria_________usinthefashionshowtonight.----Ibelieveifshe________herhomework,shewilljoinus.A.joins,finishesB.willjoin,finishesC.joins,willfinishD.willjoin,willfinish7)----Toachieveabrightfuture,weshould_______studyhard______keepingoodhealth.----Iagreewithyou.A.not,butB.notonly,butalsoC.neither,norD.either,or8)这些鞋都不适合我。它们要么太大要么太小。Noneoftheshoesaretherightsize.Theyare_________toobig_________toosmall.9)Tomisgoodatdrawing________Johndoeswellinplayingfootball.A.becauseB.whenC.whileD.since10)Youhavetoleavenow__youcancatchtheearlybus.A.sothatB.assoonasC.becauseD.if11)----I’mnotsure______therearelivingthingsonotherplanetsornot.----Evenscientistsaren’tsureaboutit.A.whetherB.whereC.why12)----CouldyoutellmewhenMr.Li_______inHuanggang?----Sure.Whenhe___,I’llcallyou.A.arrives,willarriveB.willarrive,arrivesC.arrives,arrivesD.willarrive,willarrive5、and和or的特殊用法：1）否定句中都有否定词时用and连接Billhasnobrothersandnosisters.=Billhasnobrothersorsisters.2）含有without时，肯定句中用or，否定句中用andWe’lldiewithoutairorwater.Wecan’tlivewithoutairandwater.3）and与or（表示“否则”）都可以与if引导的条件状语从句转换Getupquickly,oryou’llbelateforschool.=Ifyoudon’tgetupquickly,you’llbelateforschool.Workhard,andyou’llgetgreatgrades.=Ifyouworkhard,you’llgetgreatgrades.活学活用：改错：1)Thereisnoairornowateronthemoon.__________________________2)Mancan’tlivewithoutwaterorair.__________________________3)Manwilldiewithoutwaterandair.__________________________47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）4)Whichonewouldyouprefer,teaandcoffee?_____________________【配套练习】1.AtsunamihappenedinsomesouthernAsiancountries_____December,2004.A.atB.onC.inD.by2.Tim’smumisworried___herson’seyesightasheplaysonlinegamestoomuch.A.forB.aboutC.withD.of3.Thedoctorstriedtheirbesttosavethepatient’slife,______failed.A.orB.soC.butD.because4.—Wouldyoulikecoffeeortea?—Coffee，please.Bytheway,doyouhavemilk?Ilikecoffee___milk.A.forB.orC.withD.without5.__ChinahasbecomeamemberofWTO，Englishismorepopularthatbefore.A.SinceB.ThoughC.WhetherD.If6.Theaccidenthappened_____acoldwintermorning.A.inB.onC.atD.of7.—Timetogotobed,Mary.—Oh,Mum,Iwon’tgotobedIhavefinishedmyhomework.A.afterB.sinceC.untilD.assoonas8.Herearesomeflowers_____you______ourbestwishes.A.to;for      B.for;with       C.of;to     D.from;to9.Ididn"tknowanythingaboutit_______myfathertoldme.A.untilB.becauseC.ifD.after10.Studyhard,______youaresuretohaveagoodresultintheexam.A.orB.andC.forD.but11．Theroomwasfull____smokeafterthebigfire.　A．ofB．withC．inD．for12．Theyarrivedearly____aTuesdaymorning.A．onB．atC．inD．of13．Letmeshowyoutheplace____themap.　A．withB．onC．in14．Thevisitors__Japanarrived__BeijingStationlastTuesdaymorning.A．from;atB．of;toC．from;to　D．of;on15．Towmayfalltheothersbecausehehasmissedsomanylessons.A.afterB.behindC.laterD.outof16．Great changes have taken place___.A. in the last few year B. in the last few yearsC. last year D. on the last year17．Mary had finished her homework____ the time I got home.A. until B. by C. at D. when18．They didn"t leave the station___ they get on the train.A. until B. by C. after D. at19．He put up a map ___ the back wall because there was a hole ___ it.A. on; on B. at; in C. on; in D. on; at 20．The United States is __ the south of Canada and __ the east of Japan.A. to; in B.on;to C. in; beside D. at; on21.It took us over an hour to walk______ this street.A. from B. through C. over D. across22.The letter was written ___ ink.A. with B. in C. by D. at23.Thetemperaturewillstayzerointhedaytime,butatnight,itwillfallzeroagain.A．below,aboveB．over,underC．above,belowD．under,over24.Thereisalittlebirdthetree.A．onB．inC．atD．up25.Treesandgrasscanstopthesandblowingtheearthaway.A．toB．fromC．intoD．with26.Ourteacherisverystrictuseverything.A．with…inB．in…inC．in…withD．with…with27.The teacher, as well as his students___football.A. like B. likes C. enjoy D. play 28.___ she ___ I know his telephone number, because it has beenchanged.A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Not only; but also D. Neither; nor 29.My mother bought not apples____ two interesting books for me.A. or B. but C. and D. so30.Ithinkhe’sbeendrinking,______I’mnotcompletelysure.A.ifB.thoughtC.untilD.as31.Yourdreanwon’tcometrue______youknowwhatyourdreamis.A.afterB.unlessC.whileD.since32.Itwillbe2years_______weseeeachotheragain.A.afterB.beforeC.sinceD.when33.----George,howcanyouprovetheearthisround?----Ican’t,sir.______,Ineversaiditwas.A.ThenB.HoweverC.BesidesD.Instead34.Thethingthatmattersisnotwhetheryoufailornot,__whetheryoutryornot.A.andB.orC.soD.but35.Suehasmanynicedresses.Shewearsadifferentoneeveryday___theweek.A.ofB.fromC.atD.for36.Themodelisn’tasniceasmine,but__itwasmadebymyself.A.atlastB.atleastC.attimesD.atresent37.----DoyouknowthatMrZhangpassed______lastweek?----Yes.Hedied______illness.A.away,ofB.on,fromC.by,withD.off,as38.Theteachershopeallofuscanhand__ourhomework___timeeveryday.A.up,inB.out,onC.on,inD.in,on39.Icouldn’tdoit______yourgreathelp.Thanksalot.A.withB.withoutC.forD.to40.----Kelly,who’sthegirl______glassesinthepicture?----It’sme.Iusedtowearglassesandhavelonghair.A.byB.ofC.onD.with41.TherearelotsofgreatspeakersIcanpracticeEnglish__there.A.withB.toC.onD.about42.Itisreportedthatalotofadultstakelessonsonline______furthereducation.A.afterB.toC.withD.for43.Youmustrideyourbike______therightsideoftheroad.A.atB.onC.inD.for44.Beforethebridgewasbuilt_______theriver,thevillagershadtotakeaboattotheotherside.47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）A.inB.besideC.acrossD.along45.Setthealarnclockat6:00am,_______you’llmakeit.A.orB.butC.andD.so46.______harditwas,hewouldnevergiveup.A.NomatterhowB.NormatterhowC.Nomatterwhat47.----Wouldyoulikesometea,please?----Yes,andIprefertea______somesugar.A.toB.forC.withD.from48.----DidyougototheexhibitiononMay18th?----Ofcourse.ThereweremanykindsofTaiwanfruits______.A.onshowB.ondutyC.onbusiness49.----Howsoonwillthemanagercomeback?----______aboutthreedays.A.ForB.AfterC.InD.During50.Hisgradeintheexamputhim______thetopstudentsinhisclass.A.betweenB.overC.amongD.above【检测练习】1.Somethingterriblehappened________September11th,2001.（介词填空）2.Susanwenttoschool_________seventhismorning,becauseclassesbeganatseven.（介词填空）3.Ididn’twakeup__________Iheardthealarmclock.（介词填空）4.Fromnow__________,Iwillstudyhard.（介词填空）5.在我们教室的后面有一块黑板。Thereisablackboard_______________________________theclassroom.6.Canyoutellmethedifferences____________thepictures?（介词填空）7.当你横穿马路的时候，一定要小心。Whenyougo__________theroad,youmustbecareful.8.Don’tlook______________thewindowwhenyouare_______class.（介词填空）9.请用钢笔写而不是用铅笔写。Pleasewriteit_________ink,not_________pencil.10.他靠教书为生。Hemakesaliving_____________________.11.----Look!Therearesomanypeopleinthepark.----Nobodylikestostayathome________Sundaymorning.A.inB.onC.atD.to12.Onlyfourdaysremained_______theexam.A.atB.afterC.beforeD.since13.Whatbadweatherwehave!Ithasrained___thedaybeforeyesterday.A.onB./C.sinceD.at14.Theyoungmanwalked__theforestandcametoabigriveratlast.A.onB.overC.throughD.across15.----WhereisTaiwan,doyouknow?----Yes.It’s_______thesoutheastofChina.A.inB.onC.toD.at16.MrLisaidhewouldshowthestudents_______theNewYorkcity,whichisfamous________theworld.A.about,atB.around,inC.through,inD.towards,around17.----MrHu,canyoutellushowtolearnmathwell?----Sure.Butremembernothingcanbelearned___hardwork.A.byB.atC.withoutD.for18.Tomtoldmehisparentshadarrived_______Beijing.A.atB.onC.inD.to19.----I’mgoingtobuysomebooks.Willyoucomewithme?----Whynotshop______theInternet?It’smuchcheaperandmoreconvenient.A.onB.inC.atD.with20.YesterdayIdownloadedanewprogram_______theInternet.NowIcanwatchTVandmovies_______mycomputer.A.from,onB.with,inC.in,withD.on,from21.----Alltheworkerswenthomeyesterday______Mrwhite.Why?----Becausehewasonduty.A.exceptB.besidesC.exceptforD.beside22.----Iprefersportsshow___soapoperas.Whataboutyou?----Me,too.A.atB.thanC.toD.of23.Don’tdrivesofast!Wemustslowdownwhenwedrive__thetunnel.A.pastB.acrossC.overD.through24.Billhasmadegreatprogress____thehelpofhisteacher.A.forB.withC.under25.Itisreallycooltorealizeyourdream_____greateffort.A.throughB.ofC.tillD.about26.Welcometoourhotel!Ihopeyou’llhaveagoodtime___yourstayhere.A.afterB.duringC.withD.since27.Shehadtosellthehouseeventhoughitwas__herownwishes.A.aboveB.onC.againstD.for28.Ihearourteacherwillbeback_______threeweeks’time.A.atB.inC.forD.after29.Whataniceday!Weshouldgosightseeing_______watchingTVinthehotel.A.becauseofB.insteadofC.togetherwithD.outof30.______yourhelp,Ipassedtheexam.A.ThanktoB.ThanksC.ThankstoD.Thankfor31.----Canaplanefly______theAtlanticOcean?----Yes,butitneedstogo______thecloudsforhours.A.across,throughB.through,acrossC.across,acrossD.thorugh,through32.----Couldyoupleaseprovideus__someinformationaboutthestudents’health?----Ofcourse,it’smypleasure.A.toB.ofC.fromD.with33.----Uptonow,theChineseCommunistPartyhasnearly__history.----Yes,itwasfounded___July23rd,1921.A.90years,atB.90-year,inC.90-years,ofD.90-year,on34.AterribleearthquakehappenedinJapan______March,2011.A.toB.onC.inD.at47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）35.Wearedoingbetter___English__ourteacher’shelp.A.in,atB.at,inC.in,withD.with,with36.Icouldn’tgetthroughthedoorbecausetherewasabigbox______.A.bythewayB.onthewayC.outofthewayD.intheway37.----Whoistheyoungboyplayingthepiano?----HeisNiuniu._______atalentedpianist,heisveryfamous.A.ForB.AsC.AtD.With38.Thesinger’ssweetvoicecomesinourclassroom_thewindow;allofusstoptolisten.A.inB.overC.acrossD.through39.Whatdoyoumean______“fastfood”,please?A.forB.inC.byD.with40.----Canyoutellmethedifferences______thethreewords?----Sorry,Idon’tknow.A.amongB.betweenC.withD.about41.Theseshoesarequitedifferent______size.A.fromB.ofC.toD.in42.Agoodteachershouldbestrict______hisworkand_______hisstudents.A.with,inB.with,withC.in,withD.in,in43.TheGreatGreenWallisusedtostopthewind__blowingtheearthaway.A.toB.inC.fromD.for44.Ihavelivedinthissmallcity___.A.fortenyearsB.fortenyearsagoC.sinceIambornD.sincetenyears45.__lasttermwehadlearnedabout1000Englishwords.A.IntheendofB.IntheendC.AttheendofD.Bytheendof46.Myfatherboughtmeapresent,________Ilikeitverymuch.（连词填空）47.Thedoctorstriedtosavethepatient,________theyfailed.（连词填空）48.Studyhard,________you’llfailtheexam.（连词填空）49.Imustgonow,_________mymotheriswaitingforme.（连词填空）50.___________hewastired,hestillworkedhard.（连词填空）51.Hewastired,__________hecouldn’twalkthere.（连词填空）52.Ihaven’tdecided__________togothereornot.（连词填空）53.----______Mary______Alicehasjoinedthemusicclubbecausetheyhavenotime.----It’sapity.A.Both,andB.Either,orC.Neither,nor54.----Idon’tthinkyourunclereallylikesdramaseries.----No,_______stillwatchestheprogramme.A.andB.soC.orD.but55.Lindatriedtobecomeanexcellentteacher,__atlastshesucceeded.A.soB.orC.butD.and56.----HowaboutgoingtoParisforvacation?---Idon’tthinkit’sagoodidea______you’rerichenough.Parisisquiteqnexpensivecity.A.ifB.unlessC.whenD.because57.It’stoolatetogooutnowand______,it’sstartingtorain.A.thoughB.besidesC.howeverD.instead58.Youmakelunch,______I’lltakecareofthebaby.A.butB.orC.forD.and59.----Tomisn’tfeelingverywell.----Heseemstohaveacold______theweatherchangessuddenly.A.beforeB.soC.becauseD.though60.Theoldtheaterwillclosesoon__someextradonationaremade.A.soB.ifC.becauseD.unless61.Iknow____Ipromisedtotakeyoutodinner,butIwon’tfinishworkinguntilteno’clock.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.why62.Itwas__lovelyweather__wedecidedtogotothebeach.A.sucha,thatB.such,thatC.such,asD.so,that63.Goodtoseeyouagain.It’salmostthreeyears__wemetlasttime.A.untilB.beforeC.whileD.since64.----WhereisLeo?Hesaidhewouldcometonight!----Yes,hedidsayso,______wecan’tfindhimnow.A.andB.soC.butD.or65.WecantalkwithfriendsontheInternet__it’seasierandcheaper.A.thoughB.asC.orD.but66.----Wouldyouliketogoforawalkwithme,Allen?----I’dloveto,_______youdon’twanttogoalone.A.untilB.beforeC.ifD.after67.----Whatwashedoingstthistimeyesterday?----Hewasreadingamagazine__Iwaswritingane-mailathome.A.assoonasB.afterC.untilD.while68._youhavetriediton,youcan’timaginehowprettyitis.A.BecauseB.AlthoughC.UnlessD.When69.Helpotherswheneveryoucan___you’llmaketheworldanicerplace.A.andB.orC.unlessD.but70.Iwasquitethirsty,_______Iaskedhimforsomewater.A.andB.orC.butD.so71.I’venotimetotalkwithyou.Youmay______stayhere______gowithme.A.both,andB.either,orC.neither,norD.notonly,butalso72.Thebookwassodifficultthathereaditforthreehours___heunderstoodit.A.whenB.untilC.afterD.before73.Noneofusknewwhathadhappened___weheardthenewsonradio.A.afterB.untilC.whenD.since74.MrsShutewouldn’tleavetheTVset,___herchildrenwerewaitingfortheirsupper.A.ifB.becauseC.eventhoughD.assoonas75.ThemagazinewasstartedbyBecky,__Iknow.A.asfarasB.aswellasC.assoonasD.asmuchas47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）★★数词和名词★★【语法提示】1、重要名词的复数形式：deer—deer，sheep→sheep，tooth→teeth，goose→geese，twoMarys，theHenrys，monkey---monkeys，storey---storeys，story---stories，photo---photos，potato—potatoes，tomato—tomatoes，hero—heroes，belief---beliefs，roof---roofs，half---halves，knife---knives，leaf---leaves，life---lives，thief---thieves；mouse---mice，German—Germans，活学活用：Therearesome___and____inthefridge.A.tomatos,milkB.tomatos,milksC.tomatoes,milkD.tomatoes,milks2、名词所有格：1）有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s.如：today’snewspaper，tenminutes’break，China’spopulation2）‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：myaunt’s，thedoctor’s3）“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”，称为双重所有格，如：afriendofmyfather’s，afriendofmine活学活用：*----Who’sthatgirloverthere?----Julia,sheisastudentof_______.A.myfathers’B.myfatherC.myfathersD.myfather’s*----It’sconvenienttotravelfrombytakingthenewly-builtgreenrailway.----Yes.It’ssaidthat___isenough.A.fifteenminutesdriveB.fifteen-minutesdriveC.fifteenminute’sdriveD.fifteenminutes’drive*Putitdown,Tom.Youmustn’tread___letter.A.elseanyone’sB.anyone’selseC.anyoneelse’sD.anyoneelse　4）复合名词或短语，"s加在最后一个词的词尾。如：amonthortwo"sholiday，somebodyelse’s3、集体名词(如family,class,team,group,row,police,school等)做句子主语时,①如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：ClassThreeisaverygoodclass.②如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如：ClassThreehaveamapofChina.4、Chinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,people等表示单个时谓语用单数，表示许多时，谓语用复数。如：Thereisasheepintheyard.Therearesomesheepintheyard.5、maths,news等虽然有s结尾，但不是复数，因此谓语仍用单数：Thenewsisveryexciting.TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945."TheArabianNights"isaveryinterestingstory-book.6、glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如：ThetrousersareverycheapandIwanttotakethem.比较：Thispairoftrousersismine.7、特别关注几个不可数名词：news，advice，information，knowledge，weather，work，experience如：LiMinghasahabitofreadingEnglish__everyday.A.knowledgeB.informationC.adviceD.news活学活用：1)Hegaveus_onhowtoprotecteyes.A.someadvicesB.someadviceC.anadviceD.aadvice2)Youcangetmuch___abouttheWorldExpoontheInternet.A.mapB.pictureC.ticketD.information3)Thereisgood___foryou.I’vefoundyourlostwatch.A.newsB.ideasC.messagesD.thoughts8、主谓一致问题：1）当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。如：Theteacherandhissonarepickingapplesnow.Fishandchipsisveryfamousfood.典型例题：TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor___askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.A.is　　B.was　C.are　D.were2）therebe句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如：Thereisatableandfourchairsintheroom.3）主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如：Awomanwitha7-year-oldchildwasstandingatthesideoftheroad.1）either…or…或者neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如：Eitheryouorheisright.NeitheryounorIamgoingthere.2）表示一段时间、价钱或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如：Twomonthsisnotashorttime.Twothousandkilometersisquitealongdistance.47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）1）主语中含有halfof…/(threequarters)of…/all(of)the….等词语时，谓语的单复数由名词确定。如：OverthreequartersoftheinformationontheInternetisinEnglish.Athirdofthestudentswereplayingnearthelake.Allofthewaterintheserivershasbeenpolluted.但是，population一词又有特殊情况：What’sthepopulationofChina?ThreequartersofthepopulationinthiscityareArabs.9、合成词的复数形式：注意：与man，woman和child构成的合成词，其复数形式两个名词都需要变化，如：menteachers活学活用：Therearefifty________inourschool.Theyareallfriend;ytous.A.womanteachersB.womenteacherC.womanteacherD.womenteachers10、数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。　　如：two-dozeneggs　两打/（二十四个鸡蛋)　aten-milewalk十里路　　　　　two-hundredtrees两百棵树afive-yearplan.　一个五年计划比较：TheGreatWallismorethan6000kilometerslong.长城长6000千米长。11、倍数表示法：1）主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+as+adj.+as　　　Ihavethreetimesasmanyasyou.　2）主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+thesize(amount，length…)of…　　　Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon.　　3）主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+形容词（副词）比较级+than…　　Thegrainoutputis8percenthigherthisyearthanthatoflastyear.　4）可以用by+倍数，表示增加多少倍Theproductionhasbeenincreasedbyfourtimesthisyear.12、分数表示法：　　构成：基数词代表分子，序数词代表分母。分子大于1时，分子的序数词用单数，分母序数词用复数　1/3one-third；24/7threeandthree-sevenths.13、序数词前面加the时，表示顺序，加a/an时表示“再一、又一”。如：Thethirdlessonisratherdifficult.Shallwereadthetextathirdtime?14、表示时间的表达方式：twentypastthree__________________aquartertothree_________________threequarters____________________halfanhour_____________________oneandahalfhours=onehourandahalf__________________________halfpastthree____________________inthe1970s/1970’s___________________inone’sseventies__________________in1970_________________________atwo-weekholiday=twoweeks’holiday_________________________inthe70s_______________________in2010（读作________________________）attwenty=attheageoftwenty=atagetwenty_______________________________活学活用：1)Ourlifeisgettingbetterandbetterin_____21stcentury.A.aB.anC.theD./2)Theroadis_______meterslong.A.sixhundredandfifty-twoB.sixhundredsandfifty-twoC.sixhundred,fifty-twoD.sixhundred,fiftyandtwo15、几个特殊的序数词：five----fifthnine----ninthtwelve----twelfthnineteen----nineteenthtwenty----twentiethtwenty-one----twenty-firstforty----fortiethninety----ninetieth活学活用：1)----Whatdoyouthinkoftheenvironmenthere?----Wonderful!___oftheland___coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifths,isB.Twofifth,isC.Twofifths,areD.Twofifth,are2)Thereare________peopleshoppinginthenewsupermarket,becauseitisonsale.A.fourhundredsB.fourhundredofC.hundredofD.hundredsof3)Inhis____,Wilsonreturnedtohishometownandbegantoteach.A.thirtyB.thirtiesC.thirtiethD.thirtys4)Thereare_______monthsinayear.Mayisthe_________monthofayear.A.twelfth,fiveB.twelve,fifthC.twelve,fivethD.twelfth,fifth47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）5)----Whichisthebiggestnumberofthefour?----________.A.OnethirdB.TwothirdsC.AhalfD.Aquarter【配套练习】1.I’veread___sportsnewsabouttheF1racetoday.A.twoB.piecesC.twopiecesD.twopiecesof2.DuringWorldWarII,aJewishladywasprotectedbyalocalfamilyinShanghaiinher____.A.fiftiesB.fiftyC.fiftiethD.thefiftieth3.—Canyougetapianoforme，dear?—Butthereisn’tenough_____foritinourhouse.A.placeB.f1oorC.roomD.ground4.Theriverthroughourcity,whichisabout_________,iscleanagain.A.6000metreslongB.6000-metres-longC.6000-metre-longD.6000metrelong5.___isspokenthemostwidelyintheworld.A.Chinese      B.English       C.French      D.Russian6.PeopleinAmericaandCanadausuallymake______tocelebrateThanksgivingDay.A.ricedumplings     B.mooncakesC.pumpkinpies  D.chocolateeggs7.ThisisElizabethTinaBrown,ournewteacher.Youmaycallher___.A.MrBrown    B.MissBrownC.MrsTina    D.MsElizabeth8.—Howmany_________wouldyoulike?—Two,please.A.cupsofteaB.cupofteasC.cupsofteasD.cupoftea9.IstudyinYuCaiMiddleSchool.Therearetwo________studentsinourschool.A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousandofD.thousandsof10.Theysaidtheywouldhaveholiday.A.atwo-monthB.twomonthsC.two-monthsD.two-month’s11.TomregardsTianjinashissecondbecausehe’sbeenherefortenyears.A.familyB.houseC.roomD.home12.Wehave____atseveninthemorning.A.breakfastB.lunchC.supperD.dinner13.Iamthirsty.Wouldyoubringme_____,please?A.somebreadB.someteaC.somecakesD.someeggs14.What’swrongwithmyson’s____?Hecan’tseethingsclearly.A.eyesB.earsC.mouthD.nose15.—What’stheEnglishfor“电子邮件”?—It’s“___”A.FaxB.E-mailC.TelephoneD.ID16.—WhenwasthePLAfounded?—Itwasfoundedon____.A.July1.1921B.October1.1949C.May1.1922D.August1.192717.Inthepastfewyears,manytallbuildingshavebeenbuiltinourcity.Thetallestisanthatstandsinthecentre.A.80-floorbuildingB.60-floorbuildingC.80-floorbuildingsD.70floorsbuilding18.—Mum,I"vegotan"A"intheEnglishexamtoday!—Great!Andyouaresuretowinasecondtimebecausethisisagood____.A.reportB.resultC.startD.skill19.___ChinesearelookingforwaystolearnEnglishwellbeforeBeijing2008Olympics.A.ThousandB.ThousandsC.ThousandofD.Thousandsof20.“What’sthe________today?”“It’sJune26.”A.dayB.dateC.timeD.hour21.Kateis______girl.She’sveryhappyatschool.A.aeighteen-year-oldB.aneighteen-year-oldC.aneighteen-years-oldD.aeighteen-years-old22.It’ssaidthat______ofthewateraroundtheworld______polluted.A.twothird,hasB.twothirds,haveC.twothird,areD.twothirds,is23.----__ofvoluteerswillbeneededfor2014InternationalHorticultureExpositioninQingdao.----Let’sgoand__them.A.Thousands,joinB.Thousand,beamemberofC.Threethousand,takepartinD.Thousands,bein24.Hewrotehis____novelwhenhewasinhis____.A.five,fiftiesB.five,fiftyC.fifth,fiftiethD.fifth,fifties25.----IhearyourfriendisvisitingSanyaagain?Isitthesecondtimeforhim?----Yes,andhewillcomefor______timenextspring.A.athirdB.asecondC.thethird26.______excitingnews!Wewillhavea______holidayaftertheexam.A.Whatan,twomonthsB.Howan,twomonthsC.What,two-monthD.How,twomonths’27.----CanIhelpyou?----I’dlike_______formytwindaughters.A.twopairofshoesB.twopairsofshoeC.twopairofshoeD.twopairsofshoes28.Weneedtocomeupwitha(n)_______andmakeadecisionatonce.A.informationB.adviceC.ideaD.news29.Therearetwo_______inthecity.A.car’sfactoryB.car’sfactoriesC.factoriesofcar’sD.carfactories30.______theteachersintheirschoolisabout2000andonefourthofthemare_______teachers.A.Anumberof,womenB.Anumberof,womanC.Thenumberof,womenD.Thenumberof,woman31.Myfamily______notbig,somyfamilyoften_______forapicnicinourcaratweekends.47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）A.is,goesB.is,goC.are,goD.are,goes32.The3rdChina’sGotTalentgivesthechildachancetoshowhisspecial_______.A.abilityB.behaviorC.educationD.background33.----Hello!IsthatJennyspeaking?----Sorry,I’mafraidyou’vegotthewrong_______.A.numberB.nameC.addressD.message34.----Howwasyourweekend?----Great!Itwasmygrandmother’s______birthday.Weenjoyed_______.A.ninth,themselvesB.ninetieth,ourselvesC.theninetieth,ourselvesD.nineteenth,themselves35.----Didyourmotherdoanythingspecialonyourbirthday?----Yes.Shemademeacakeinthe______ofaheart.A.heightB.shapeC.styleD.number36.----Ilikereading.----Metoo.Iespeciallylikethe______writtenbyJ.K.Rowing.A.homeworkB.numbersC.moviesD.book37.Theriverisabouttwohundredf____________wide.Weallcanswimacrossit.38.Mumusedtotellmefunnys_____________beforeiwenttosleep.39.ThemountainIvisitedlastSundayisn’tvery_______.Few______gosightseeingthere.A.tourist,touristsB.touristy,touristC.touristy,touristsD.tourist,tourist40.Ihadaveryscary___inthemountains.Iwon’tgothereagain.A.assistantB.experienceC.stationD.souvenir【检测练习】1.Aliceenjoysdancing.It’soneofher________.A.prizeB.prizesC.hobbyD.hobbies2.Therearemany________atthefootofthehill.A.cowB.horseC.sheep3.Idon’tknowhowtokeephealthy;canyougiveme__________?A.anadviceB.lotsofadvicesC.afewadvicesD.someadvice4.Forbreakfast,Iusuallyhave_________andtwopiecesofbreak.A.acupofmilkhalfB.halfacupofmilkC.ahalfmilkcupD.halfamilkcup5.ZhangJike,a23-year-oldplayer,wonthegoldmedalinthe___________(man)singlesoftheWorldTableTennisChampionshipslastmonth.(适当形式填空)6.-Whataretheydoingthere?-Allthe_______teachersand_______studentsarehavingameeting.A.women,girlsB.women,girlC.woman,girlD.woman,girls7.Agroupof_______aretalkingwithtwo_________.A.Frenchmen,GermansB.Frenchmen,GermenC.German,FrenchmenD.Germans,Frenchmans8.Look!Thereare_______starsinthe_______.A.thousandsof,skyB.thousandsof,airC.thousandof,skyD.thousandof,air9.-Oh,dear!Thereisn’tenough______forusinthelift.-Nohurry.Let’swaitforthenext.A.floorB.seatC.roomD.ground10.IfbyanychancePetercomestous,pleaseaskhimtoleavea_________.A.letterB.sentenceC.messageD.notice11.ThestudentsofGrade7visitedMike’sfarmandsawmany___there.A.birdB.duckC.sheepD.rabbit12.-I’msorryIwentoutforasmoke.Iwasverytired.-There’sno________forthiswhileyouareatwork.A.causeB.excuseC.matterD.choice13.Asyoungadults,itisour___totryourbesttodealwitheachchallengeinoureducationwiththehelpofourteachers.A.workB.jobC.dutyD.task14.June1stis____Day.Allthechildrenenjoyitverymuch.A.ChildrenB.Childrens’C.Children’sD.Child15.Atnight,wecanseecolorfullightsonboth_______ofthestreet.A.sidesB.sideC.side’s16.What________itwasyesterday!A.badweatherB.excitementC.agreementD.invention17.There’slittle_______leftinthefridge;whydon’tyougoandbringmesome?A.homeworkB.chickensC.inkD.fish18.Thepopulationofthatcountryalmostall______onfarms.A.liveB.livesC.livingD.lives19.There______somecoffeeandseveralcupsonthetable.A.isB.areC.hasD.have20.ThenewsonTValways________true.A.soundB.soundsC.soundingD.issounding21.Fiveyearshadpassed,Ifoundmyparentshad________.A.muchwhitehairB.somewhitehairC.alittlewhitehairD.afewwhitehairs47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）22.Studentsshouldn’tbealwaysbusydoingtheir____intheclassroom.Theyshoulddomore___ontheplayground.A.exercise,exercise,B.exercise,exercisesC.exercises,exerciseD.exercises,exercises23.________areallpaintedredinEngland.A.LetterboxB.LetterboxesC.LettersboxD.Lettersboxes24.Iaskedtwo_______tolookafterthepatient,becausehecouldn’tmoveinbed.A.womannurseB.womannursesC.womansnursesD.womennurses25.WhenIwasyoung,Ilikedlisteningto_______andhaving________.A.radio,potatoB.radios,potatosC.radios,potatoesD.radioes,potatoes.26.Themansittinginthecaris__________.A.LucyandLily’sfatherB.Lucy’sandLily’sfatherC.Lucy’sandLily’sfathersD.LucyandLily’sfathers27.Linda’sChineseisbetterthan________inherclass.A.anyoneelseB.anyoneelse’sC.anyone’selseD.anyone’selse’s28.MrWanggaveus________tofinishthehardmathsproblem.A.30minutetimeB.30minutestimeC.30minute’stimeD.30minutes’time29.“Whoknowstheanswer___thisquestion?”theteacheraskedloudly.A.toB.inC.forD.of30.IfoundMrSmithwastalkingwith_______onthestreetcorneryesterdayevening.A.onefriendofmyB.oneofmyfriendC.onefriendofmineD.oneofmindfriend31.March8this________.A.WomanDayB.WomenDayC.Woman’sDayD.Women’sDay32.Hehas________fortwoyears.Twoyears______alongtime.A.lefthome,areB.beenawayfromhome,isC.leavehome,isD.beenawayfromhome,are33.Inourschoollibrarythere__anumberofbooksonscienceandthenumberofthem__growinglargerandlarger.A.is,areB.are,isC.has,isD.have,are34.-Howmanyteachersarethereinyourschool?-About200.Onethirdofthem___menteachers.A.haveB.hasC.areD.is35.Tom,withhisclassmates,___footballeverySundayafternoon.A.playB.playsC.haveplayedD.playing36.健康比财富更重要。_______________________________________.37.去年冬天，布朗夫妇来中国访问。______________cametoChinaforavisitlastwinter.38.杨教授是一个知识渊博的人。_________________isa_____________person.39.ThegovernmentofChongqingisbuilding______cheapandgoodhousesforthepeople.A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousandofD.thousandsof40.-Doyouhaveenoughstudentstocleanthelaboratory?-No,Ithinkweneed______students.A.anotherB.twoothersC.moretwoD.twomore41.Morethantwenty______studentsarehavinganimportantexamatthemoment.A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousandofD.thousandsof42._______ofhistime_______beenspentonstudieseveryday.A.Threefourths,hasB.Threefourths,haveC.Thirdfours,hasD.Thirdsfour,have43.Father’sDayison_______SundayofJune.A.threeB.thirdC.thethirdD.threetimes44.About_______ofthestudentsinourclasswereborninthe_________.A.two-thirds,1990sB.two-thirds,1990C.two-thirds,1990D.two-third,1990s45.TheOlympicGamesareheld__.A.everyfouryearsB.everyfouryearC.everyfourthyearsD.everyfour-years46.Weallthinkthatthe______centurywillbringusmorehopes.A.twenty-firstB.twentieth-firstC.twenty-oneD.twentieth-one47._______thestudentsusuallysurftheInternetandgetinformation.A.60percentsofB.60percentC.60percentofD.60percents48.Doyouwanttobuy________pork?A.halfkiloB.halfakiloC.akilohalfD.ahalfkilo49.Johnbegantomakealivingbyhimself_________.A.inhisthirtyB.inhisthirtiesC.inthethirtyD.inthethirties50.Wehavetwoearsandonemouthsothatwecanlisten______wespeak.A.astwicemuchasB.twiceasmuchasC.asmuchastwice51.-Howwasyourweekend?-Great!Itwasmygrandfather’s______birthday.Wehadfun.A.seventyB.seventiethC.theseventiethD.seventeenth47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）52.Now,everyone,pleaseturntoPage______andlookatthe_______picture.A.Twelve,fifthB.Twelfth,fifthC.Twelve,fiveD.Twelfth,five53.Mayisthe________monthofayear.A.fiftyB.fifteenC.fifthD.five54.-Howoldisyourdaughter?-____.Wehadaspecialpartyforher___birthdayyesterday.A.Nine,nineB.Nine,ninthC.Ninth,nineD.Ninth,ninth55.-Ifa=4andb=5,what’stheanswertothequestion”a+2ab+1=?”-_________.A.Forty-fiveB.Forty-fiveC.Twenty-threeD.Onehundredandtwenty-one56.Jimreadthisbook____.Thesecondtimeheunderstooditmore.A.onceB.twiceC.threetimes57.Wearegoingtostudy_______tomorrow.A.lessonfiveB.thelessonfiveC.LessonFiveD.fifthlesson58.Tomanyforeigners,Guangzhouhasbecometheir________hometown.A.twoB.secondC.thesecond59.-Areyoufreethisafternoon?-Sorry.Ihavetowritea________composition.A.two-thousand-wordB.two-thousand-wordsC.two-thousands-word60.Septemberis________monthofayear.A.nineB.thenineC.ninthD.theninth61.-What’sthedatetoday?-It’s________.A.Augusttwenty-fiveB.twenty-fiveAugustC.Augusttwenty-fifth62.Beijingis_______largestcityinChina.A.secondB.thesecondC.asecondD.thetwo63.Hecan’tfinishitinfivedays,sohewantsyoutogivehim________.A.asixthdayB.asixdayC.sixdaysD.thesixday64.Themachinecanwork_______thanthatone.A.hundredoftimesfasterB.ahundredtimefasterC.hundredtimesfasterD.hundredsoftimesfaster65.GreatchangestookplaceallovertheChinainthe____.A.1990sB.1990s’C.1990’sD.AandC66.China’spopulationisabout_______oftheworld’spopulation.A.aquarterB.thequarterC.onefourD.onefourths67.他又尝试了一次。Hehastried______________________.68.我21岁了，今天是我的21岁生日。I’m________yearsold.Todayismy________birthday.69.这个城市有2百万人口。Thecity______________________of2_________.70.这跟尺子是那根的三倍长。Thisruleris___________________________________thatone.★★形容词和副词★★【语法提示】1、以ly结尾的形容词：大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。有些以-ly结尾既为形容词，也为副词。如：daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early。另：常见形容词与副词同形的词hardearlylonghighstraightfastenoughlow2、几组同为副词的辨析：1）close与closely：close意思是“近”；closely意思是“仔细地”　　　Heissittingclosetome.Watchhimclosely.2）late与lately：late意思是“晚”；lately意思是“最近”　　　Youhavecometoolate.Whathaveyoubeendoinglately?3）deep与deeply：deep意思是“深”，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，“深深地”　　　Hepushedthestickdeepintothemud.Evenfatherwasdeeplymovedbythefilm.4）high与highly：high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much　　　Theplanewasflyinghigh.Ithinkhighlyofyouropinion.5）wide与widely：wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”，“在许多地方”　　　Heopenedthedoorwide.Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.6）free与freely：free的意思是“免费”；freely的意思是“无限制地”　　　Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.　　　Youmayspeakfreely;saywhatyoulike.47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）3、“the+形容词”表示一类人：某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：thedead，theliving，therich，thepoor，theblind，thehungry　　Thepoorarelosinghope.4、多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：　限定词（冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格）----数词----表示观点的描绘性形容词----大小、长短、形状、等形容词----年龄、新旧的形容词----颜色的形容词----国籍、地区、出处的形容词（名词）----材料的形容词（名词）规律：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。　　asmallroundtableatallgraybuildingadirtyoldbrownshirt　　afamousGermanmedicalschoolanexpensiveJapanesesportscar典型例题:1）Tonyisgoingcampingwith___boys.　　A.　littletwoother　B.twolittleother　　C.　twootherlittle　D.　littleothertwo2)Onedaytheycrossedthe____bridgebehindthepalace.　A.oldChinesestone　　B.Chineseoldstone　　C.oldstoneChinese　　D.Chinesestoneold3)----HowwasyourrecentvisittoQingdao?　----Itwasgreat.Wevisitedsomefriends，andspentthe___daysattheseaside.　A.fewlastsunny　B.lastfewsunny　C.lastsunnyfew　D.fewsunnylast5、可以用来修饰比较级的词：1）abit，alittle，much，far，byfar，many，alot，any，still，even等2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。典型例题:　1）----Areyoufeeling____?　----Yes，I"mfinenow.　A.anywell　B.anybetter　C.quitegood　D.quitebetter　　2）Theexperimentwas__easierthanwehadexpected.A.moreB.muchmoreC.muchD.moremuch3）Iftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhave___atschool.　A.thehappiesttime　B.amorehappiertime　C.muchhappiesttime　D.　amuchhappiertime6、形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示"非常"。　　　Itisamostimportantproblem.=Itisaveryimportantproblem.Sheisamostunusualwoman.比较：Ofthethreedaughters,sheisthemostunusualwoman.7、注意：1）使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。　　　(错)　Tomisthetallestofhisthreebrothers.(对)　Tomisthetallestofthethreebrothers.活学活用：----ItseemsthatAliceneverwantstodoanythingexceptdrawingpictures.----Right.That’swhatshelikestodo_______.A.moreB.lessC.mostD.least　　2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。　　(错)ChinaislargerthatanycountryinAsia.(对)ChinaislargerthananyothercountriesinAsia.替换：Mikeisthemostintelligentinhisclass.=Mikeismoreintelligentthananyotherstudentinhisclass.例如：Heistallerthan___________boyinhisclass.Heistallerthan___________boyinourclass.活学活用：ThepopulationofChinais_______than_______countryintheworld.A.muchlarger,anyB.large,anyotherC.muchlarger,anyotherD.larger,theother3）themore…themore…　越……就越……　Theharderyouwork，thegreaterprogressyou"llmake.活学活用：The_______friendsyouhave,the_______youwillbe.A.more,happyB.many,happyC.more,happierD.many,happier4）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。　　　ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthanthatofBeijing.　　　Itiseasiertomakeaplanthantocarryitout.47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）典型例题TheweatherinChinaisdifferentfrom__.A.inAmericaB.oneinAmericaC.AmericaD.thatinAmerica8、有关形容词的用法辨析：1）whole与all：记住两个词序：①thewhole+名词；②all(of)the+名词。如：Hewasbusythewholemorning.Hecanrememberallthewordshelearns.2）interested与interesting的区别：interesting指人或东西“有趣的”，作定语或表语，而interested则表示人对别的事物“感兴趣的”，只能作表语。如：Themanisveryinterestingandallthechildrenlikehim.Thisbookisinterestingandyoucanreallyenjoyyourself.Iaminterestedinscience.类似的还有：boring/bored，relaxing/relaxed，worrying/worried，embarrassing/embarrassed等活学活用：*Aftertheearthquake,weheardoflotsof_______stories,andallodusweredeeply_______.A.moving,movedB.moving,movingC.moved,movingD.moved,moved*----HaveyoueverseenthemoviecalledLosAngeles2011?----Yes,butIthinkit’s_______.IfellasleepwhenIsawit.A.excitingB.boringC.boredD.excited*Chinesepeoplewerecheeringatthemost_______momentwhenLiuXiangbroketheworldrecord.A.excitedB.toexciteC.exciteD.exciting3）such用法：such+a(n)+名词(单数)(+that从句)。如：Ihaveneverseensuchafoolishboy.Hehadsuchaterribleaccidentthathecouldneverforgetit.4）quick、fast与soon：quick与fast基本同义，quick往往指反应速度快，fast往往指运动速度快，而soon则表示时间上很快即将发生。如：Afteraquickbreakfast,hehurriedtoschoolleavinghisbagathome.Atrainismuchfasterthanabus.HisfatherwillbebacktoChinaverysoon.5）other与else的区别：两个词都可以作形容词，但是用法不同，other放在名词前；else修饰不定代词、疑问词、little、much,后置，另外，orelse表示“否则”，是连词。如：Theotherstudentsareontheplayground.Whoelsecanworkoutthismathsproblem?Thisisnobodyelse’smoney.It’smine.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosayforyourself?6）special与especial的区别：表示事件不同寻常、过分或特殊时，两个词可互换，但special较为常用。另外，special还可以表示特别的目的。如：Shepays(e)specialattentiontoclothes.Thesearespecialchairsforsmallchildren.7）gone、lost、missing的区别：gone表示“丢了，没了”，含一去不复返的意思，也可以表示“死了”，作表语或宾补，不可以作定语；lost表示“丢失”，含难以找回的意思，可作定语、表语或宾补；missing表示“失踪了，不见了”，强调某人物不在原处，可作定语、表语或宾补。如：Myfeverisgone,butIstillhaveacough.Theparentsfoundthelostchildatlast.Mydictionaryismissing.Who’stakenitaway?Formoredetailedinformationofthemissinggirls,pleasevisitourwebsite.8）living、alive、live、lively的区别：四个词都来源于动词live“生活、居住”。living三个意思：①“活着的、现存的”，作表语或定语，②“一模一样的、逼真的”，③相当于lively,意思是“强烈的、活泼的”；live指东西“活的”，可以替换为living；alive作表语，指人“活着的”，如果作定语，则放在名词的后面；lively有三个意思：①有生气的、活泼的、快活的，②(色彩)鲜艳的，③生动的、真实的。如：Alivinglanguageshouldbelearnedorally.Wehavealivinghopethatyouwillsucceed.47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）Isshestillalive?Theyarethehappiestchildrenalive.Thisisalivefish.Sheisaslivelyasakitten(小猫).Hegavealivelydescriptionofthefootballmatch.9）later、after、ago、before的用法：①“一段时间+later/ago”分别表示“(多久)以后/以前”，主要用于过去时态。②“after/before+某个时刻”分别表示“在某时刻之后/之前”，此时两个词是介词。③ago与before：ago只能用于过去时，before用于完成时。如：Hehadanaccidentaweekago.Someyearslater,theboybecameaveryfamoussinger.Haveyoubeentherebefore?Afterafewyearshegaveupsmoking.10）above、below、over、under的用法：在上下方用above和below，在高低处（即正上下方）用over和under。如：Thestarsarehighaboveinthesky.Aplaneflewoverquickly.11）too、also、either、nor的用法：too（“也”）用于肯定句和疑问句的末尾，且用逗号隔开；also（“也”）用于肯定句句子谓语动词之前；either（“也”）用于否定句末尾，也用逗号隔开；nor（“也不”）用于倒装句句首；如：AreyouAmerican,too?HeisnothappyandIamnothappy,either.Hedidn’twatchthefootballgame.NordidI.Youcanalsofindthemarketisverygood.活学活用：----Howwillshedealwiththework?----Shedoesn’twanttodoitbyherself.Shewantstoasksomeoneelsetodoit,__.A.yetB.insteadC.tooD.either12）sometimes、sometime、sometimes、sometime的用法：sometimes(有时)用于一般现在时、sometime(在将来某时)用于将来时、sometimes(数次)表示次数、sometime(一些时间)表示一段时间。如：Sometimestheygohikinginthemountains.Iwillstayheresometime.Iwillmeetyourfathersometime.活学活用：MrsBlackissokindthatsheis_______readytohelppeopleinneed.A.sometimesB.alwaysC.neverD.seldom13）almost、nearly的区别：两个词意思相近，都表示“几乎、将近”，大多数情况下可以互换，与否定词连用时用almost不用nearly。almostnot相当于hardlyany(几乎没有)。如：Hehaddonealmostnothingtoday.Wearealmost/nearlythere.Almostnobody/Hardlyanybodyunderstoodhiswords.14）abit与alittle的区别：这两个名词短语经常当作副词使用，修饰形容词或副词的原级或比较级，可以互换，语气比rather弱。如：Thisdigitalcameraisabit(alittle)expensive.Itisalittle(abit)colderthanyesterday.另外，alittle可以直接加不可数名词，abit则采用“abit+of+名词(不可数或可数名词复数)”的形式。如：Ihavegotabitofacold.Goandgetalittlewaterforme,please.[注意]notabit(=notatall)意为“根本不”，而notalittle则意为“非常，不是一点”。15）farther、further、older、elder的区别：further指具体的“距离或时间”，further表示抽象的“更进一步，更深入的”older用于年龄的大小，事物的新旧，elder用来表示兄弟、姐妹、子女的长幼次序16）hard和hardly的区别：hard意为“努力地、辛苦地、剧烈地、猛烈地”，是程度副词，hardly意为“几乎不”，是否定副词。例如：作为学生，我们应该努力学习。Asstudents,weshould_________________.我几乎跟不上你，你能走得慢一点吗？Ican_______catchupwithyou.Canyouwalkalittle_____________?17）howlong、howoften、howfar和howsoon的区别：howlong表示“多久，多长时间”，对时间段提问，howoften表示“多长时间一次”，对表示频率的副词或短语提问，howfar表示“多远”，对距离提问，howsoon表示“还要多久”，对“in+时间段”提问，多用于一般将来时。47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）----________________isitfromyourhousetoschool?----15minutes’walk.----________________doyouexercise?----Everyday.----________________willhecomeback?----Intwoweeks.----________________didyoustayinBeijing?----Fortwoweeks.9、as…as…常构成一些词组：assoonas…(一…就…),aswellas…(同样),as+形容词/副词+aspossible(尽可能……地)。如：PleaseringmeupassoonasyougettoBeijing.MissGaohurriedtotheschoolgateasquicklyaspossible.[注释]“aslong/muchas+名词”可以表示“长达/多达…”的含义。如：Thehousecostsasmuchasfivehundredthousandyuan.Theystayedinthecave(山洞)aslongastwoweeks.10、比较级的特殊用法：比较级+and+比较级（moreandmore+多音节或部分双音节词的原级）：largerandlargerthe+比较级，the+比较级：Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.the+比较级+ofthetwo+（名词复数）：theclevererofthetwoboysless+原级：lessexpensive11、最高级的用法：结构：the+最高级+of+人或物（in+地点）Heisthetallestofalltheboys.Heworkshardestinhisclass.结构：the+序数词+形容词最高级+单数名词TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.结构：oneof+the+形容词最高级+复数名词Heisoneoftheclevereststudentsinourclass.结构：特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲，乙or丙？Whichseasondoyoulikebest,spring,summerorautumn?【配套练习】1Nowadayssciencefictionisn’tas___ascartoonsamongteenagers.A.popularB.morepopularC.lesspopularD.themostpopular2.WearegladtoseethatShanghaiisdeveloping________theseyearsthaneverbefore.A.quicklyB.lessquicklyC.morequicklyD.themostquickly3.Thecheesecaketastedso____thatthekidsaskedformore.A.deliciousB.wellC.badD.badly4.—Whydidn’tyouenjoythetalk?—Itwas________talkthatIhadeverlistenedto.A.themostinterestingB.theleastinterestingC.moreinterestingD.1essinteresting5.GuoYuedidquite___attheWorldTableTennisChampionship，butZhangYiningdideven_____.A.better;wellB.well;wellC.well;betterD.better;better6.—Whosepictureisbetter,Jack’sorTom’s?—Bothofthemaregood.IthinkJackdrawsTom.A.asgoodasB.aswellasC.betterthanD.worsethan7.Itgetsveryhereinsummer.A.coolB.coldC.warmD.hot8.Be____,andyouwilldowellintheEnglishexam.A.careful       B.polite         C.sure         D.friendly9.LinTaoisgoodatallthesubjectsatschool,_____English.A.really     B.mostly   C.especially    D.exactly10.—Thecoatistooexpensive.—Look,here"sanotherone.It"s______andnicer.A.dearerB.cheaperC.olderD.longer11.ThepopulationofTianjinis____thanthatofShanghai.A.largerB.lessC.smallerD.fewer12.It’sraining____.Wehavetostayathomeinsteadofgoingfishing.A.badlyB.hardlyC.heavilyD.strongly13.Kateisas______asMaria.A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.thetallest14.Shelooksvery___.Ithinksheneedstohavearest.A.tiredB.hardC.wellD.hardly15.—Tomisterriblyill.—We’dbettersendhimtohospitalas___aswecan.A.slowlyB.quicklyC.quietlyD.easily16.—DoyouliketheMoonlightSonata?—Sure,itsoundsreally____.A.clearB.clearlyC.beautifulD.beautifully17.Supermarketsarenecessary.Peopleusuallyspend_____timefindingthingstheywant,buttheyusuallyspend_____47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）moneythantheywant.A.less;lessB.less;moreC.fewer;lessD.fewer;more18.“Doyouwanttoimproveyourscoreinmath?Trystayingawayfromyourcomputer!”ArecentreportinBritainsays,“The_____studentsusecomputeratschoolandathome,the_____theydoinexamsofreadingandmath.”A.more;betterB.less;worseC.more;moreD.less;better19.HespeaksEnglish__anAmerican,soweallbelievethathehasstayedinAmericaformanyyears.A.asgoodasB.worsethanC.asbadlyasD.aswellas20.—TheTVprogrammeisboring.Shallweplaychessinstead?—Allright.Thatis__thanwatchingaboringprogramme.A.verygoodB.muchgoodC.verybetterD.muchbetter21.Leohasnobrothersorsisters.Heistheo_____________childinhisfamily.22.Thereislittletimeleft.Wehavetowalkq_____________togetthereontime.23.Thefishsmells______!Itmustbeoutofdate.A.goodB.wellC.badD.badly24.----WhatdoyouthinkofthefilmSoYoungdirectedbyZhaoWei?----Wonderfully.Ithinkit’s______thantheotherfilmsaboutyouthinrecentyears.A.thebestB.theworstC.muchbetterD.muchworse25.----Doyoulikethewesternfood,LILI?----No,Ithinkthefoodofourcountryis______thatofwesterncountries.A.muchmoredeliciousthanB.lessdeliciousthanC.notasdeliciousasD.asdeliciousas26.----Isthepriceofthebackpackvery______?----No,it______meonlytwentyyuan.A.high,spentB.expensive,takesC.high,costD.cheap,spends27.Theworld’spopulationisgrowing______andthereis______landandwaterforgrowingrice.A.more,lessB.larger,fewerC.larger,lessD.more,fewer28.----Howdidyoulosesoccermatch?----Wehad______players.Theyhadelevenwhilewehadonlynine!A.lessB.betterC.fewerD.more29.Themeatwillstay____forseveraldaysifyouputitinthefridge.A.freshB.activeC.naturalD.common30.ImetLucyintheprimaryschoolandwehavebeenclosefriends______.A.asusualB.againandagainC.soonerorlaterD.eversince31.----Doyoulikeseeingamovieonyourmobilephone?----No.I____dothatbecauseitmakesmeuncomfortable.A.seldomB.oftenC.usuallyD.sometimes32.Itis_____thatMrGuosailedacrosstheworldbyhimself______withinabout130days.A.terrified,successfulB.scary,successfullyC.amazing,successfullyD.convincing,successful33.----Thisis______fascinatingtownIhaveevervisited.----Yes,I’veneverseena______one.A.theworse,biggerB.themost,betterC.thebetter,bestD.theworse,good34.Lucysaidthatshehadneverheard_____musicbefore.A.suchabeautifulpieceofB.soapieceofbeautifulC.sobeautifulaD.suchabeautiful35.----Doyouknowsoundtravelsveryfast?----Yes.Butlighttravels_______sound.A.asfastasB.alittlefasterthanC.muchfasterthanD.slowerthan【检测练习】1.我有一些重要的事情告诉你。Ihave___________________totellyou.2.你必须闭上眼睛。Youmust________youreyes__________.3.我的答案与你的不同。Myansweris___________________________.4.他太累了不能继续走了。Hewas_______tiredto_________________.5.这本书只有那本书的一半厚。Thisbookishalf______________________thatone.6.他书写的比她认真。Hewrites__________________thanshe.7.这个房间比那个大三倍。Thisroomisthreetimes__________________thatone.8.吉姆是班上最好的学生之一。Jimisoneofthe___________________inhisclass.9.你帮助我真好。It’sverykind________________tohelpme.10.对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。___________________________________________________________11.Weareall__________aboutthe__________news.（exciting，excited）12.My_________brotheristwelveyears_________thanI.（elder，older）13.我父亲一周后回来。Myfather________________________inaweek.14.超市里人太多了。Thereare_________________peopleinthesupermarket.47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）15.这个男孩跑得足够快，能赢得比赛。Theboyruns______________towinthegame.16.我以前从来没有看过这么感人的电影。Ihaveneverseen_________________________filmbefore.17.Hebought________fromashop.A.anold,blackwood,roundtableB.around,old,blackwoodtableC.anold,round,blackwoodtableD.around,blackwood,oldtable18.JinYongisoneofthegreatestoldest_______writers.Heisstill_______.A.living,aliveB.living,livingC.alive,livingD.alive,alive19.Hermotherwasout.Shestayedathome______,butshedidn’tfeel______.A.alone,lonelyB.lonely,aloneC.alone,aloneD.lonely,lonely20.----Ithinkwinterisabeautifulseason,______whenitsnows.----Me,too.A.speciallyB.especiallyC.probablyD.properly21.----It’sraining______outside.----Yes,it’sreallywet.Ihateit.A.heavilyB.coldlyC.quietlyD.hardly22.----Didyoufindthesmallvillageyesterday?----Yes,withoutanydifficulty,forithas______changedoveryears.A.hardlyB.greatlyC.claerlyD.nearly23.IwassotiredthatIcould______walkanyfarther.A.nearlyB.hardlyC.reallyD.suddenly24.----DidKatedobestinthefinalexam?----No,butofallthestudentsshedid_____.A.themostcarefulB.morecarefulC.mostcarefullyD.morecarefully25.----Accordingtothenewrule,peoplewhodriveafterdrinkingwinemustbepunished.----Howgreattheruleis!______driversare,______accidentshappen.A.Themorecareful,themoreB.Themorecareless,thefewerC.Themorecareful,thefewerD.Themorecareless,theless26.I’vegot______worktodoona_______coldday.A.muchtoo,muchtooB.toomuch,toomuchC.toomuch,muchtooD.muchtoo,toomuch27.LotsofvisitorscometoShanghaibecausesheis_______city.A.sobeautifulB.veryabeautifulC.suchbeautifulD.quiteabeautiful28.30,000dollarsisalargeamountofmoney,butit’s-_____thanweneed.A.farmoreB.veryrichC.farlessD.verylittle29.Mysisteris______.Shelikesmakingfriendswithothers.A.shyB.quietC.athleticD.outgoing30.----Mom,Iwasthefirsttoreachthetopofthemountain.----Goodjob,Charlie.I’m_______ofyou.A.tiredB.proudC.sureD.sick31.----Helen,canIwearjeansandaT-shirttotheschooltalentshow?----OK,butadressmightbe_______.A.goodB.wellC.betterD.worse32.Theworld’spopulationisgrowing__,andthereis__lasndandwaterforgrowingrice.A.larger,lessB.larger,fewerC.more,lessD.more,fewer33.----Ifhtereare_______peopledriving,therewillbe______airpollution.A.less,lessB.less,fewerC.fewer,fewerD.fewer,less34.Mydogisvery___.itissafetotouchhimifyouwantto.A.smartB.braveC.happyD.friendly35.YoushouldpracticemoretoimproveyourEnglish,thenyou’llbe___atit.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebest36.Welostthematchbecausetheyhad_players.Theyhadelevenandwehadonlynine!A.strongerB.youngerC.fewerD.more37.----WhydidyouvoteforMaggie?----Becausesheisvery______.Shealwayssharethingswithothers.A.practicalB.activeC.generousD.energetic38.EighteenkidsdiedintheschoolbusaccidentinGansuProvince.It’s______onthatIhaveeverheardofit.A.averyseriousB.amoreseriousC.themostseriousD.theleastserious39.Man’sunderstandingofnatureisdeveloping______.Itneverstaysatthesamelevel.A.attherighttimeB.forthefirsttimeC.fromtimetotimeD.allthetime40.----Ididn’tknowyougotoschoolbytaxi.----Oh,I-_____takeataxitoschool,butmybikeneedsrepairing.A.alwaysB.sometimesC.oftenD.seldom41.Youdon’tknow______iwanttoseeyouagain.It’sayearsinceIlastsawyou.A.howsoonB.howlongC.howoftenD.howmuch42.Themantriedseveraltimestostarthiscar,andhesucceeded______.47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）A.inthepastB.intheendC.atfirstD.atonce43.----Areyousatisfiedwiththeresultoftheexam?----Notatall.Ican’thave______.A.aworseoneB.abetteroneC.theworseoneD.thebestone44.----wouldyoumindstayinginsuchanoisyroom?----No,butmysonneedsa_______placetostudyin.A.cleanerB.quieterC.saferD.smaller45.Ofthetwocoats,she’dliketochoosethe______onetosavemoneyforabook.A.cheapestB.cheaperC.moreexpensiveD.mostexpensive46.----Iworesportsshoestotheballyesterdayeveningbymistake!----Oh,dear,youmustbevery____attheball!A.embarrassedB.satisfiedC.tiredD.surprised47.Itrained__witha___windyesterday.A.heavy,strongB.heavily,strongC.heavy,stronglyD.heavily,strongly48.Weallfeltvery___afterwefinishedtheworktogether.A.happyB.happilyC.happierD.thehappiest49.Thestorysoundsvery______,Iamquite______init.A.interesting,interestingB.interesting,interestedC.interested,interestedD.interested,interesting50.Allthestudentsthoughtit__tofindtheanswertothequestion.A.difficultB.difficultyC.moredifficultD.mostdifficult51.Iplaybasketball______whilemygoodfriendplaystheguitar_______.A.good,beautifulB.good,beautifullyC.well,beautifulD.well,beautifully52.Ifeltthatmathwas______hardforme.A.alittleofB.abitofC.alittleD.little53.----Ihaven’tbeentoBeijing.----Ihaven’t,_______.A.neitherB.alsoC.tooD.either54.----Wouldyouliketogooutforawalk?----Goodidea,andtheTVprogramsaretoo_______.A.wonderfulB.interestingC.excitingD.boring55.We’dbetterwait___moreminutes.IthinkJeffwillcomesoon.A.afewB.fewC.alittleD.little56.Idon’tknowwhatherinterestsare,becausewetalk______aboutworkwhenwemeet.A.luckilyB.safelyC.mainlyD.clearly57.----DoesAliceoftenworkuntil2am?----No,she___does.A.nearlyB.certainlyC.seldomD.always58.Ourfamilyhasboughtacar,sowecantravel__thanbefore.A.mosteasilyB.lesseasilyC.easilyD.moreeasily59.ThestudentsfromXinjiangenjoystayinginourschoolbecauseeveryoneis_tothem.A.friendlyB.gentlyC.happilyD.politely60.Ifyoudon’twork______enough,Idon’tthinkyourdreamwillcome_______.A.hardly,trulyB.hardly,trueC.hard,trueD.hard,truly61.Hesaidhewouldcometoseeus_______thenextafternoon.A.sometimeB.sometimeC.sometimesD.sometimes62.Jackisgoodatdrawing.Ithinknoonedraws________.A.betterB.bestC.worseD.worst63.Elephantseat_______,buttheycanmove_______whennecessary.A.noisy,silentB.noisily,silentlyC.noisily,silenceD.noisy,silence64.It’stoolatetoinviteanymorepeople.______,youknowhowTimhatesparties.A.BesidesB.HoweverC.StillD.Instead65.----Tera,youshouldn’tbeso_.Youalwaysleaveyourthingshereandthere.----Sorry,mom.I’llputthemawaysoon.A.terrifiedB.cheerfulC.carelessD.frightened66.----WealllikeMissWang.----Iagreewithyou.ShealwaysmakesherEnglishclasses_______.A.interestedB.interestC.interesting67.Sallyusedtobe__,butnowsheenjoysmeetingandtalkingtonewfriends.A.activeB.shyC.honestD.outgoing70.----It’sgoingtorain.Letmefetchanumbrellaforyou.----Thankyou!Youareso________.A.luckyB.kindC.relaxedD.interesting★★动词★★【语法提示】1、动词不定式充当主语：47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）1）forsb.常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等：如：It"sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.2）ofsb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。如：It"sveryniceofyoutohelpme.2、非谓语动词的常见搭配：不定式（带to或不带to）want(sb.)todosth.；ask/tellsb.(not)todosth.；makesb.dosth.；decidetodosth.；try(one’sbest)(not)todosth.；plan/makeplanstodosth.；invitesb.todosth.；seemtodosth.；getsb./sth.todosth.；疑问词+todosth.；followsb.todosth.；thebestwaytodosth.；thefirst/lasttodosth.；besurprised/excitedtodosth.；allowsb./beallowedtodosth.；It’sbettertodosth.；hadbetterdosth.；becareful/takecare(not)todo；Whynotdosth.?；not...enoughtodosth.；encouragesb.todosth.；makeit+adj.+todosth.；can’taffordtodosth.；refusetodosth.；wouldratherdosth.thandosth.；prefertodosth.ratherthando；pretendtodo/bedoingsth.；bewillingtodosth.；gooutofone’swaytodosth.；leadsb.todosth.；It’sone’sturntodosth.；urgesb.todosth.；besupposedtodosth.；warnsb.todosth.；Wouldyouplease(not)dosth.；agreetodosth.动词-ing形式havefun/enjoydoing；Thanksfordoingsth.；stopsb.(from)doingsth.；practicedoingsth.；watch/find/seesb.doingsth.；mind(one’s)doingsth.；can’tstanddoingsth.；consider/thinkaboutdoingsth.；spend....(in)doingsth.；finishdoingsth.；bebusydoingsth.；keep(sb.)doingsth.；keepsb.fromdoingsth.；Therebe+名词+doingsth.；makealivingbydoingsth.；haveahard/difficulttimedoing；feellikedoingsth.；endupdoingsth.；beafraid/terrifiedofdoingsth.；be/getusedtodoingsth.；giveupdoingsth.；insteadofdoingsth.；havenothingagainstdoingsth.；beseriousaboutdoingsth.；before/when/whiledoingsth.；haverichexperience(in)doing；dreamof/aboutdoingsth.；continuedoingsth.；beusedfordoingsth.；withoutdoingsth.；becomfortable(in)doingsth.；can’tstop/helpdoingsth.；lookforwardtodoingsth.；beagainstdoingsth.；suggestdoingsth.；beworthdoingsth；47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）过去分词have/get+sb./sth.+过去分词；makeoneself+过去分词；findsb./sth.+过去分词；活学活用：1)Driversshouldn’tbeallowed______afterdrinking,ortheywillbreakthelaw.A.driveB.drivingC.todrive2)Itisourduty__ourhometowncleanandbeautiful.Wemustdosomethingforit.A.tokeepB.keepsC.keeping3)Whynot______yourteacherforhelpwhenyoucan’tfinish________itbyyourself?A.ask,writeB.toask,writingC.ask,writingD.asking,write4)----Oh,terrible!Iforgot_______thewindow.It’swindy.----Really?Let’sgobackhomequickly.A.closingB.tocloseC.closedD.close5)MrsSmithmadeherstudents___thecompositionsthreetimesaweek.A.writeB.toworiteC.writtenD.writing6)Nick,wouldyoumind__rhoseoldjeans?Theylookterrible.A.nottowearB.notwearC.wearingnotD.notwearing7)Inordertowinthefirstplaceinthecontest,hepracticed__theEnglishsong,buthefounditdifficult___thelyrics.A.tosing,torememberB.tosing,rememberingC.singing,torememberD.singing,remembering8)----Howaboutgoingshoppingthisweekend,Peter?----Sorry.Iprefer_____ratherthan______.A.tostayathome,gooutB.togoout,stayathomeC.stayingathome,gooutD.goingout,stayathome9)Theboypromised___lateforschoolagain.A.tonotbeB.nottobeC.notbeingD.beingnot10)Nancyisreallyahard-workingstudent.Weoftenseeher_______booksintheclassroom.A.readB.toreadC.reads11)Whilewewererunningontheplayground,Jackallstopped______andlayontheground,soweallstopped_______whatwaswrongwithhim.A.torun,toseeB.running,seeingC.running,tosee12)----Whydidyoubuyaradio?----________English.A.LearnB.LearningC.TolearnD.Belearning13)Let’s____theschoolrules.A.don’tbreakB.nottobreakC.notbreakingD.notbreak14)Howkindyouare!Youalwaysdowahtyoucan____me.A.helpB.helpingC.tohelpD.helps15)----Where’syourbrothernow,Bob?----Isawhim__inthestreetamomentagoandItoldhim___.A.playing,don’tdosoB.playing,nottodosoC.play,todoso16)----Whatabout___arest?----OK.Let’sgooutandhaveawalk.A.totakeB.takesC.taking17）----WhatshouldwedotofightA/H1N1flu?----Weshouldwashhandsoften,avoid___tocrodedplacesandsoon.A.goB.goingC.goneD.togo3、“to+doing结构”：to有两种用法：一为不定式+动词原形；一为介词+名词/动名词，to在下面的用法中是第二种，即to+名词/动名词：特别注意：beusedto习惯于，stickto坚持，turnto开始，着手于，devoteoneselfto献身于，bedevotedto致力于，lookforwardto盼望，payattentionto注意4、too…to结构：太…以至于…如：Heistooexcitedtospeak.　　----CanIhelpyou?需要我帮忙吗?　----Well,I"mafraidtheboxistooheavyforyoutocarry,butthankyouallthesame.在使用以上结构时，须注意三个问题：1）如何与“enoughtodo”和“so…that”的相互转换？Theboxistooheavyforyoutocarry.比较：Theboxisnotlightenoughforyoutocarry.Theboxissoheavythatyoucan’tcarryit.2）在相互转换的过程中，不定式后面宾语的处理？3）如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，too后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意为“不太”。如：It"snevertoolatetomend.　(谚语)改过不嫌晚。或者，翻译时需要随机应变，如：I’mtoogladtoseeyou.5、“为了”的翻译方法：todosth.，inordertodosth.，soastodosth.，inorderthat，sothat等soastodo的否定式是soasnottodo。如：Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentsoasnottolosehis47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）job.　　　　　　　Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.inorderthat和sothat后面跟从句，连接的是目的状语从句。6、with的复合结构：　　with+名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语如：Hewenttosleepwiththelightsonbecausehewasafraidofthedark.Hestoodthere,hishandraised.=Hestoodthere,withhishandraised.典型例题：Themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback。A.beingtied　B.havingtied　　C.tobetied　　D.tied　　　　　Weather___,we"llgooutforawalk.Apermitted　BpermittingCpermitsDforpermitting　（本句改为Ifweatherpermits,we"llgooutforawalk.）7、since的用法：1）since+过去一个时间点　(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980,lastmonth,halfpastsix)。　2）since+一段时间+ago如：Ihavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.3）since+从句如：Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.　4）Itis+一段时间+since从句如：ItistwoyearssinceIbecameapostgraduatestudent.5)since还可以表示“既然”“由于”如：Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sbeginourparty.活学活用：It’saboutthreeyears___mybrotherjoinedthearmy.A.beforeB.afterC.sinceD.when8、延续性动词与非延续性动词：leave----_____________borrow----_______________buy----_____________begin----_____________die----__________________finish----____________join----______________open----________________fallill----____________catchacold----_____________________comehere----___________________comeback----______________________getto/reach----_________________leave----_____________goout----__________getmarried----______________活学活用：1.----Doyoumissyourparentsfaraway?----Yes,verymuch.They__thehometownforovertwoyears.A.leftB.haveleftC.wereawayfromD.havebeenawayfrom2.----MissLeebecameourEnglishteachersixyearsago.----Yes,she_______ourEnglishteacherforsixyears.A.isB.becameC.hasbeenD.hasbecome3.----HowlongmayI______yourdictionary?----Foroneweek.Butitmustn’t_____toothers.A.keep,belentB.borrow,lendC.lend,beborrowedD.have,borrow4.当我们到达时，会议已经开始10分钟了。Themeeting____________________________________________________________9、用于现在完成时的特别句型：1）Itisthefirst/secondtime….that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。如：ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.　Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.2）Thisisthe…that…结构，that从句要用现在完成时.如：ThisisthebestfilmthatI"ve(ever)seen.　　　　Thisisthefirsttime(that)I"veheardhimsing.　典型例题：(1)---Doyouknowourtownatall?　---No,thisisthefirsttimeI___here.A.was　B.havebeen　C.came　D.amcoming　(2)---Haveyou____beentoourtownbefore?---No,it"sthefirsttimeI___here.A.even,come　B.even,havecome　　C.ever,come　D.ever,havecome10、非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）Ihavereceivedhisletterfora47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）month.（对）Ihaven"treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.典型例题：Youdon"tneedtodescribeher.I__herseveraltimes.　A.hadmet　B.havemet　C.met　D.meet---I"msorrytokeepyouwaiting.---Oh,notatall.I___hereonlyafewminutes.A.havebeen　B.hadbeen　C.was　D.willbe11、非真实条件句：1）表示与现在事实相反的情况从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式过去式（实意动词）/were（be动词）would/should/could/might+动词原形2）表示与过去事实相反的情况从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式had+过去分词would/should/could/might+have+过去分词活学活用：1)Whatwouldhappenifhe______backhome?A.goB.goesC.went2)Ifhe_______myadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.A.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow12、“believe,consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understand”句型：Itissaidthat…　　据说　　Itisreportedthat…据报道　　　Itisbelievedthat…　大家相信Itishopedthat…　大家希望Itiswellknownthat…众所周知　　Itisthoughtthat…　大家认为Itissuggestedthat…　据建议　　　　　Itisdiscoveredthat….人们发现Ithasbeendecidedthat…大家决定　　Itmustberememberthat…务必记住的是13、没有被动语态的词：1）appear，die，disappear，fail，happen，last，lie，remain，breakout，cometrue，fallasleep，takeplace，rise等。比较：rise/raise和sit/seat　　　(错)Thepricehasbeenrisen.(对)Thepricehasrisen.　(错)Thepricehasraised.　(对)Thepricehasbeenraised.　(错)Pleaseseat.　(对)Pleasebeseated.(错)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.　(对)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.活学活用：近几年来淄博发生了巨大的变化。Greatchangeshave____________________________inZiboinrecentyears.2）agreewith，arriveat/in，succeedin，takepartin，belongto等短语。　3）look，seem，smell，sound，taste，feel等。　　4）wash，cut，sell，read，wear，write等词。　　Thebooksellswell.　　这本书销路好。　　Thisknifecutseasily.　这刀子很好用。14、主动形式表示被动含义：　在need，require，want后的动名词必须用主动形式。　　Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.15、情态动词can,may和must的用法：情态动词基本含义推测肯定句同义疑问句肯定否定、疑问can表示能力或允许beabletocouldCan...?Yes,...can.No,...can’t.表示推测“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句may表示允许canMay...?Yes,...may.No,...can’t/mustn’t.表示推测，可能，也许。常用于肯定句中must表示“必须”havetoMust...?表示推测，意为47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）Yes,...must.No,...needn’t“想必，一定”，只用于肯定句活学活用（一）：Maybeheknowsthenews.=He__________________thenews.Theremustbesomethingwrong,______________________?----Ican’tstopplayingthecomputergames.----Foryourhealth,I’mafriadyou______.A.canB.mayC.mustD.hadto他们一定在吃午饭。They_________________________lunch.他不可能在说实话。He________________________thetruth.----Hurry,Mum!Thebusiscoming.----Waitaminute,dear.You___crossthestreetuntilthetrafficlightsaregreen.A.mustB.needC.mustn’tD.needn’t活学活用（二）：1)----Look!MrGreenisattheendofthestreet.----No.It_____behim.HehasgonetoEngland.A.mustn’tB.won’tC.shouldn’tD.can’t2)-----CouldIborrowyourbasketball,Gina?----Sorry,you______.I______ittoTom.A.couldn’t,lentB.can’t,haven’tlentC.couldn’t,havelentD.can’t,lent3)----HownicethatLucyhasbeeninvitedtothepartytoo!----Well,Lucy______notcome.Sheisisnotcertainwhetherhermotherwillallowherto.A.mightB.wouldC.mustD.need4）----Couldyoupleasehaveawalkwithme?----Sorry,I____.I’vesomethingimportanttodonow.A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.can’tD.maynot5）Lingling,canIuseyoure-dictionary?----Sure.Butyou______returnitafterclass.A.mustB.canC.mayD.would6）----Whatareyoudoingthisweekend?----I’mnotsure,butI____gotothemuseum.A.mightB.mustC.needD.should7）Thetalentedboy__writelyricswhenhewasattheageoften.A.mayB.couldC.must8）----Idon’tcarewhatmyteachersthink.----Well,you_______.A.couldB.wouldC.shouldA.might9）----Look,Sueisoverthere.----That______beher.SheisinCanadanow.A.mustn’tB.can’tC.needn’tD.won’t10）----WhatwouldyousendtoyoursisterasaChiristmasgift?----Ihaven’tdecidedyet.I______sendherahandbag.A.shallB.mayC.must11）----MayIgooutnow,Dad?----No.You______letyourmotherknowfirst.A.canB.mayC.needD.must12）----Peterdoesn’tmindlendingyouhiscamera.----He_____.I’vealreadyborrowedone.A.needn’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.shouldn’t13）----Thelakeissaidtobedry.Isthattrue?----It___.Look,somekidsareswimminginit.A.mustbetrueB.can’tbetrueC.maynotbetrue14）----Mayweleavetheclassroomnow?----No,you___.You___toleaveuntilthebellrings.A.mustn’t,areallowedB.don’thaveto,aresupposedC.needn’t,aren’tallowedD.can’t,aren’tsupposed15）----Ihavetobeoffnow.----Whatapity!I___youcouldstayalittlelongerwithus.A.thinkB.amthinkingC.thought16）Necessaryaction_____sothatstudentscanbesafeatschools.A.canbetakenB.mustbetakenC.maybetakenD.mightbetaken16、need与dare的用法：1）need表示“需要”，用于疑问句或否定句。“need”作实义动词时，在肯定、否定、疑问句中都可以用。如：Heneedn’tdoitinsuchahurry.Heneedssomehelp.Hedoesn’tneedtobringhisfootballsocksthen.47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）2）dare是“敢”的意思，用法几乎与“need”完全相同，即在疑问句和否定句中，可以作情态动词，后面用不带“to”的动词不定式。在肯定句中和实义动词一样，后面的动词不定式要带“to”。如：HowdareyousayIamafool?Hedidn’tdaretotouchtheredbutton.活学活用：----Needwefinishtheworktoday?----Yes,you_______.A.needB.canC.mayD.mustWeneed______________________(buy)someschoolthings.Thetableneedsdpainting.=Thetableneeds___________________________.17、被动语态变化时的两个句型：①“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时，可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。如：Histeachergavehimadictionary.→Hewasgivenadictionarybyhisteacher.也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语，但是需用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语。如：Histeachergavehimadictionary.→Adictionarywasgiventohimbyhisteacher.Hisfathermadehimakite.→Akitewasmadeforhimbyhisfather.例如：Hegavemeabook.----I_________________abookbyhim.----Abook_________________________mebyhim.Mymotherboughtmeacake.----I_________________acakebymymother.----Acake_____________________mebymymother.②“动词（make,let,have,see,hear,watch,feel）+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时，动词原形前要加to。如：Thebossmadethepoormanwork12hoursaday.→Thepoormanwasmadetowork12hoursaday.活学活用：Weheardhimsinginhisroomjustnow.（改为被动语态）___________________________________________________________________18、动词固定搭配：1）seem的用法：记住几个结构：①sb./sth.+seem+(tobe+)形容词+…；②sb./sth.+seem+like+…；③sb/sth+seem+to(do)；④Itseemsthat+从句。如：Heseemed(tobe)veryhappywhenhewascalledbytheheadmaster.ItseemsthatnobodyelsecoulddosuchafoolishthingexceptJim.2）beafraid的用法：记住几个结构：①beafraidofsth;beafraidof(doing);②beafraidto(do);③beafraidthat+从句。如：Sheisalittleafraidofsnakes.Don’tbesoafraidtostayathomealoneatnight.I’mafraidthatsomebodywilltakehisplacebecauseofhisseriousmistakes.3）besure的用法：记住几个结构：①besureof(sth);②besureto(do);③besurethat+从句。如：Shetoldmemanytimesthatshewassuretocome.Areyousureofyouranswer?Maybeit’swrong.IamsurethatDadwillhelpmewiththejob.19、动词（短语）辨析：1）puton、wear、have…on、bein、tryon、dress的用法：puton强调“穿、戴”这个动作过程，wear则表示“穿着、戴着”这一状态，have+衣物+on主要表示状态，bein(+颜色/衣物)也是表示一个状况，dress(+人)表示“给…人穿衣”。如：Pleaseputonyournewshoes.Thetwinsarewearingthesameclothes.Todayshehasanovercoaton.Doyouknowthewomanwhoisinblack?DadisdressingTomnow.[注意]dress与wear或puton的区别：wear或puton常用衣物作宾语，而dress常用人作宾语。表示给自己穿衣时常用“getdressed”或“dressoneself”表达。bedressedin与wear基本同义。dressup意为“穿上盛装、乔装打扮”。47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）如：Couldyoudressthebabyforme?Heiseightbutcan’tdresshimself.Shewasdressedinaredcoat.DoIhavetodressuptogotoJim’sparty?2）hear、hearof、hearfrom、learn的用法：hear“听说”，后面可以跟名词、代词、从句表示听见的内容，hearof“听说”，后面跟人，指对某人有耳闻但没有见过面；hearfrom“收到……的来信”，后面加人；learn“听说、得知”，后面跟从句，含义与hear相似。如：IhearMrGreeniscomingtoseeustonight.HaveyoueverheardofthemanwhooncewenttotheHimalayaMountains?Howoftendoyouhearfromyourfather?Helearnedthemusicianhimselfwasintown.3）bring、take、carry、send、lift的用法：bring指从远处“拿来”；take指从面前“拿走”；carry指一般的搬运,不涉及方向；send主要指“送、派遣、寄”；lift指把东西由低向高“提起、拎起”。4）hope、wish的用法：两个词都表示“希望”，但是，hope表达有把握或信心实现的事情，后面直接跟动词不定式或者宾语从句，不可以跟动名词或作宾语补足语的不定式；wish表达实现的可能性不大的事情，后面跟名词、宾语从句(用过去时)或者作宾语补足语的不定式。如：Weallhopetoseehimverysoon.Ihopeitwillbefinetomorrowsothatwecangoout.HowIwishitwasnotrainingatthemoment!(事实上天正在下雨)5）take、spend、pay、cost的用法：spend的宾语通常是金钱或时间，句型：sb.+(spend)+时间/金钱+onsth/(in)doingsth.；take的主语通常是事情，句型：sth./It+(take)+sb.+时间+todo…。(如果是动作则常用it作形式主语将动词不定式后移)；cost的宾语通常是时间、金钱、力气，句型：sth.+(cost)+sb.+时间/金钱/力气.；pay的宾语通常是金钱，句型：sb.+(pay)+金钱+for+事物.如：Shespentthewholenightreadingthenovel.Thisjobwilltakemetwodays.=Itwilltakemetwodaystodothejob.Howmuchdoesahouselikethiscost?Ipaidhimtwentydollarsforthebook.活学活用：*上个月，他花费了所有的收入买了衣服。He_________allhisincome_______clotheslastmonth.*It______abouteightminutesforsunlighttotravelfromthesuntotheearth.A.takesB.spendsC.costsD.pays6）arrivein/at、reach、getto的用法：arrive是不及物动词，到达具体地点时后面加介词at，到达一个大的地方(国家、城市)时后面加介词in，arrive后面可以直接跟地点副词here/there/home等；get表示“到达”时是不及物动词，涉及地点(无论大小)时后面加to，get后面可以直接跟地点副词here等；reach是及物动词，后面直接跟地点名词。如：HearrivedinSanFranciscolastSunday.Howdidyougetthereinthenight?Wehurriedallthewayandreachedthestationjustfiveminutesbeforethetrainleft.7）bemadeof、bemadefrom、bemadeinto、bemadein、bemadeby、bemadefor的区别：bemadeof指从制成品中可以看得出原材料，而bemadefrom则指从制成品中看不出原材料，口语中都可以换成bemadeoutof。bemadeinto表示“被制成……”，bemadein表达被制造的地点，bemadeby表达制造的人，bemadefor表达被制造的目的。如：Thiskindofpaperismadefrombamboo.Thedeskismadeofwoodandmetal.Alotofpaperhasbeenmadeintopaperbirds.Computersaremadeinthesecities.ThiskitewasmadebyUncleWang.Abigbagwasmadeformetoholdmywastethings.活学活用：这些T恤衫是棉制的，穿着舒服。47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）TheseT-shirts_____________________cotton.Theyarecomfortabletowear.8）beusedfor、beusedto、usedto、getusedto的区别：beusedfor+名词/代词或动名词，beusedto+动词原形，表示两个短语意思相近，表示“用于…”。usedto+动词原形，表示“过去常常”，否定式可以是“didn’tuseto”也可以是“usedn’tto”；get/beusedto+动名词，表示“习惯于….”。如：Aknifecanbeusedforcuttingthings.Aknifecanbeusedtocutthings.Heusedtoborrownovelsfromthelibrarywhenhewasatschool.Heisusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.活学活用：现在中国非常自信且习惯于从容处理国内外困难局面。Chinaisnoeconfidentandgetsusedto___________________allkindsdifficultsituationsathomeandabroadcalmly.9）beat，win与lose：beat(打败)，后面跟“人”，而win(赢得)，后面跟“比赛、竞赛”等。如：Whowonatlast?ClassThreebeatus5-0.Iamsuretowinthematch.而lose则表示“输了”，常用句型：losesth.tosb.如：UnluckilywelostthematchtoClassThree.10）join、joinin、takepartin的区别：join多指参加组织、团体、党派等，后面跟人时表示和某人一起参加某项活动；joinin指参加某项游戏或活动；takepartin多指参加群众性的活动、运动、会议等。如：Hejoinedthearmyin2001.Theyjoinedmeincongratulatingyou.Dojoinusinthegame.Hetookanactivepartinthestudents’movementinthe1940s.11）thinkof与thinkabout等短语的区别：thinkof表示“考虑、思念、认为、想起、建议”等；“thinkabout”表示“看待、认为”；“thinkmuch/highly/alotof”表示“高度评价…“；”thinkover“表示“仔细考虑”；“thinkout”表示“想出”。如：Theheadmasterthoughthighlyofthisboy.We’rethinkingofgoingtoFranceforourholiday.Thinkitoverandyouwillhaveaway.Icannotthinkofhisname.Iforgotit.－Whatdoyouthinkabouthiscomposition?－Verygood!12）agreewith/agreeto/agreeon等词语用法：“agreeto+动词”表示“同意做某事”，“agreewith+sb./观点”表示“赞同…的观点”/agreeabout表示“对…话题有相同看法”/“agreeto+建议”表示“同意”某人的建议，“agreeon+决定”表示“赞成某人的决定”。13）havebeento，havegoneto和havebeenin的区别：havebeento表示曾经去过某地，现人已返回（once，twice）；havegoneto表示人已去了某地，人还未返回（whereissb.）；havebeenin表示在某地呆多长时间（for...，since...）【配套练习】1.HowmagnificenttheBundlooksatnightwhenallthelightsare______!A.turnedoverB.turnedoffC.tuneddownD.turnedon2.—___Ifillinthecheck-informrightnow,sir?—No,youneedn’t.Youcancompleteitthisafternoon.A.MayB.CanC.WouldD.Must3.Tomlikescars.Heenjoys___modelcarsofallkinds.A.collectsB.collectingC.tocollectD.collected4.Charliecan’tgowithusbecausehe_______aprofessoraroundourcompany.A.showsB.wasshowingC.hasshownD.isshowing5.TheOrientalPearlTVTower________tensofthousandsofvisitorssincel995.A.attractedB.attractsC.hasattractedD.willattract6.Theheavysnowstormmadethemountainclimbers______halfway.A.stopB.tostopC.stoppingD.stopped7.ThousandsofspectatorscametoShanghaito______the48thWorldTableTennisChampionships.A.seeB.noticeC.watchD.look8.—Whatdoyouthinkofthebasketballmatchlastnight?—Well，Iwassurprisedthatthestrongestteam___.47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）A.wonB.waslostC.wassuccessfulD.wasbeaten9.Weshouldstudythenewtrafficrulesand1earnhow______ourselves.A.protectB.toprotectC.protectingD.protectedl0.Someone___theclassroom.Look!Howcleanitis!A.hassweptB.issweepingC.aresweepingD.haveswept11.You______thelight.It’sbrightenoughhere.Wecanseeeverythingclearly.A.mustn’tturnoffB.mustturnonC.needn"tturnonD.mayturnon12.—YourMP3issonice.Howmuchisit?—Itme¥500.A.boughtB.paidC.spentD.cost13.—Mywatch______.—Don’tworry.Let’sgototheLost&Found.A.islostB.isbrokenC.hasfoundD.hasstopped14.MrReadknowsTaizhouverywell.He___heremanytimes.A.isB.willcomeC.cameD.hasbeen15.—Let’sgotoTaishanParkbytaxi.—It’snotfar.We________takeataxi.A.needn’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.couldn’t16.—HaveyouseenthefilmReturnoftheKing?—______.I’mgoingtoseeittonight.A.No,Ididn’tB.Yes,IdoC.Yes,IhaveD.Notyet17._____yourbooks,Tom.Don’tleaveyourthingshereandthere.A.PutonB.PutoffC.PutawayD.Putdown18.Badluck!We______MountEmeiwhenitrainedheavily.A.climbedB.wereclimbingC.areclimbingD.haveclimbed19.IboughtsomeCDsformyfriendandthey____me30yuan.A.spentB.paidC.costD.used20.“TheWorldWithoutThieves”isaverymovingfilm.I______ittwicealready.A.willseeB.seeC.sawD.haveseen21.Ihaveadream.WhenI___________,Iwanttobeascientist.A.makeupB.comeupC.growupD.turnup22.WhenIwasachild,mygrandmotheroftenmefunnystories.A.spokeB.toldC.saidD.talked23.—Mustweputupasignbytheriverside?—.It’sverydangeroushere.A.Yes,youmustB.No,youmustn’tC.Yes,youcanD.No,youneedn’t24.—MustIfinishreadingthebooktoday?—No.You____ifyouhavesomethingelsetodo.A.mustn’tB.couldn’tC.can’tD.don’thaveto25.—Excuseme,butIdon’tthinkyoucansmokehere.—Reallysorry.I__thisisanon-smokingroom.A.don’tknowB.didn’tknowC.havenoideaD.haven’tknown26.—Whydidn’tyougivethewallettothemanatonce?—He______beforeIrealizeditwashis.A.hadbeendisappearedB.hasdisappearedC.haddisappearedD.hasbeendisappeared27.—IsRunyangBridgeopentothepublicyet?—Yes.It____foralmostoneandahalfmonths.A.hasopenedB.hasbeingopenedC.hasbeenopenD.wasopen28.—Whathappenedtothethieflater?—Thekinghadhim______thenextday.A.hungB.hangedC.hangD.hanging29.Theworld"spopulationisgettinglargerandlarger,soscientistsaretryingto_____newwaystosolvethefoodproblem.A.catchupwith      B.keepupwithC.comeupwith  D.makeupwith30.—IthinkMissGaomustbeinthelibrary.Shesaidshewouldgothere.—No,she________bethere.I"vejustbeenthere.A.can"t             B.mustn"t           C.needn"t       D.wouldn"t31.Weall_______howhemadesuchgreatprogressinashorttime.A.believed        B.thought           C.decided       D.wondered32.Itwill_________youaboutthirteenhourstoflytoEnglandfromHongKong.A.spendB.takeC.useD.pay33.___moreclothes.It"ssnowingheavilyoutside.A.PutonB.TurnonC.GetonD.Goon34.It"shardtosaywhowill_________thematchintheend.Theyareneckandneck.A.winB.beatC.fightD.play35.Keepquiet,please.They_________ameetingrightnow,47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）A.haveB.hadC.arehavingD.havehad36.Idon"tfeellike_________now.Iprefertohaveawalkaftersupper.A.walkB.walkingC.towalkD.walks37.—Haveyoufinishedreading"HarryPotterV"?—_________.Istillhavesomepages.A.Yes,IdoB.No,Idon"tC.Yes,IhaveD.NoIhaven"t38.—Whatareyou_________overthere?—Mywatch,butIcan"t_________it.A.seeing;findB.watching;lookC.lookingfor;findD.finding;see39.Aftersuchalongjourney,thechildren_________beverytirednow.A.canB.mustC.havetoD.need40.Againandagainthedoctor_________thecryinggirl,buthecouldn’tfindoutwhatwaswrongwithher.A.lookedoverB.lookedafterC.lookedforD.lookedout41.—whatareyougoingtodothisweekend?—I_______yet.A.haven’tdecidedB.won’tdecideC.havedecidedD.didn’tdecide42.—Didyouseethetrafficaccidentyesterday?—Yes.IthappenedwhenIpastthemuseum.A.walkB.amwalkingC.willWalkD.waswalking43.Oh,it’srainingveryhard!OursportsmeetinghastobetillnextSunday.A.putoffB.putdownC.putawayD.puton44.I"11giveatalktomorrow.I"mthinkingabout.A.whattosayB.howtosayC.whatcanIsayD.howcanIsay45.Youplaywithfire,Tom.It"sdangerous.A.needn"tB.maynotC.mustn"tD.wouldn"t46.Mysisterdoesn"tlikethedress.Shethinksitmakesherfat.A.lookB.looksC.tolookD.looked47.You___worryabouthim.Hewillgetwellsoon.A.needn"tB.can"tC.mustn"tD.maynot48.Thispairofshoesisnice.CanI___?A.putonthemB.putupthemC.trythemonD.turnthemon49.—Mum,I"mhungry.—WhataboutgoingtoMcDonald"s______friedchicken?A.eatB.toeatC.eatingD.andeat50.—It’stimeforsports!____yoursportsshoes,please!—I’mtiredtoday.Iwanttohavearest.A.TakeawayB.TakeoffC.PutonD.Putup51.—Canyouanswermyquestion,LiLy?—Yes,I______A.canB.needC.mustD.may52.—Whatareyoudoing,Jim?—I_________abeautifulhorse.A.drawB.drewC.amdrawingD.wasdrawing53.Ihavemanyinterestingbooksto___.A.seeB.lookC.watchD.read54.—What’swrongwithyou?Youlooksotired.—LastnightI____sleepwell.A.couldn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t55.—Haveyoureadthisbook?—Yes.I____ittwoweeksago.A.isreadingB.havereadC.willreadD.read56.----Dave,it’sdangeroustoswimhere.Lookatthesign.----Oh,I______it.Thankyou.A.didn’tnoticeB.won’tnoticeC.hadn’tnoticedD.don’tnotice57.----AtalkonAmericanculture______intheschoolhallyesterdayafternoon.----It’sapity.Imissedit.A.gaveB.wasgivenC.hasgivenD.isgiven58.ThankstotheInternet,differentkindsofinformation_______inashorttime.A.canbelearnedB.hasbeenlearnedC.canlearnD.haslearned59.Eachyearquitealotoffood_______aroundtheworld.It’sreallytimeforustodosomething.A.waswastedB.iswastedC.wastedD.willbewasted60.----It’sdifficulttogettotheothersideoftheriver.----Ithinkabridge_______overtheriver.A.shouldbebuiltB.shouldbuildC.willbuildD.hasbuilt61.Thesongremindsmeofmyoldschooldaysassoonasit______.A.isplayedB.playsC.willbeplayedD.willplay62.----Clark,yourroomisreallyinamess.Itneeds______.----Sorry,Mum.I’lldoitatonce.47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）A.cleanB.cleanedC.tocleanD.tobecleaned63.Oldpeoplemust______politely.A.speakB.speaktoC.bespokenD.bespokento64.Thelittleboy____bythebigonethismorning.A.wasmadetocryB.wasmadecryC.madetocryD.madecry65.WhenIwalkedpastthepark,Isawsomeoldpeople_______ChineseTaiji.A.doB.didC.doingD.aredoing66.Hehurriedbackhome______hisschoolbag.A.fetchedB.tofetchC.fetchingD.fetches67.----Nobodylikes______,soweshouldbekindtoeveryone.----Iagreewithyou.A.tolaughB.laughingatC.tobelaughedD.tobelaughedat68.----Doyouknowwhethertheman___bythedoorisMrSmith?----Sure.We’veknowneachotherforalongtime.A.standB.standingC.stoodD.stands69.Whatareonshowinthemuseum?----Somephotos_____bythechildrenofYushu,Qinghai.A.havebeentakenB.weretakenC.aretakenD.taken70.----Tom,yourhairistoolong,andyoushouldhaveit______thisweekend.----OK,IwilldoitthisSunday.A.cuttedB.cutC.tocutD.cutting71.----Myfootballsocksare______out.----Howlonghaveyou______them?A.worn,boughtB.wearing,hadC.wearing,boughtD.worn,had72.----Mardancesbestinourschool.----Iagree.I’llneverforget______herdanceforthefirsttime.A.seeingB.toseeC.seeD.seen73.Excuseme,sir.You__openthedoorbeforethetrainstops.A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.maynotD.don’thaveto74.You______betiredafterplayingsportsforalongtimewithoutarest.A.mustB.needC.can’tD.mustn’t75.IknowalittleaboutThailand,asI____therethreeyearsago.A.havebeenB.havegoneC.willgoD.went76.Theastronautissotiredthathe______forelevenhours.A.hasbeenasleepB.hasfallenasleepC.hasgonetobedD.hasgonetosleep77.----Mycar___,couldyoupleasegivemearidetomorrow?----I’msorryIcan’t.I’m___Londontomorrowmorning.A.isnew,leavingB.hasbrokendown,leavingforC.broke,leavingforD.isexpensive,leaving78.----Sam,whatwilltheweatherbeliketomorrow?----Sorry,Mum.Ididn’twatchtheweatherforecastjustnow.I_______afootballmatch.A.waswatchingB.amwatchingC.wouldwatchD.willwatch79.Inthepastfewyearsthere______greatchangesinmyhometown.A.havebeenB.wereC.hadbeenD.are80.Wehadto___ourdiscussionbecauseoneofussudedenlygotill.A.takeoffB.turnoffC.breakoffD.getoff81.EtonCollegeinEnglandwas______in1440byKingHenryVItogivefreeeducationtopoorstudents.A.cleanedupB.setupC.fixedupD.cheeredup82.----Howisyourgrandma?----She’sfine.Sheusedto_____watchTVathomeaftersupper.Butnowsheisusedto_______outforawalk.A.watch,goB.watching,goC.watching,goingD.watch,going83.----Therearesomanyproblems.I’msoafraid.----Youshouldtryto__yourshynessfirst.You’renotachildanymore.A.pickupB.takeawayC.takeoffD.getoff84.It’shelpfulto______agoodhabitofreadinginlanguagelearning.A.takeB.showC.developD.match85.ManystudentswritetoLanguageDoctorto______adviceaboutlearningEnglish.A.lookthroughB.askforC.giveupD.worryabout86.Seeingtheirteacher_____intotheclassroom,theystopped______atonce.A.walk,tellingB.entering,tospeakC.enter,totellD.walking,talking87.----I’llcallyourparentsifyourhomework_____beforefouro’clocktoday.----Sorry,MrLi.I’mdoingitrightnow.A.isn’tdoneB.won’tbedoneC.doesn’tdoD.won’tdo88.----Dear,whataboutgoingtothebeachesforvacation?----Great!______we’relyingonthebeachinthesun,enjoyingmusic.Itmustbegreatfun.A.PretendB.PromiseC.MentionD.Imagine89.Thispairofshoes______hand,andit______verycomfortable.A.ismadewith,isfeltB.aremadefrom,isfeltC.aremadeof,feelsD.ismadeby,feels90.----Excuseme.I’mlookingfor“BetheBestofYourself”.----Sorry.Thebookyouaskfor______out.A.issellingB.issoldC.sellingD.willbesold47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）91.----Yourshoesaresoold.Whydon’tyoubuyanewpair?----BecauseI______allmymoneyonanMP5.A.spendB.havespentC.amspendingD.wasspending92.Againandagainthedoctor______thecryingbabygirl,buthecouldn’tfindoutwhatwaswrongwithher.A.lookedoverB.lookedafterC.lookedforD.lookedout93.----Thefoodlookedbad,butit______OK.----Sowecan’tjudgeamanbyhisappearance.A.istastedB.tastedC.wastastedD.taste94.----Sam,youalwaysgetupearlyeverymorning.Doyoulikeit?----Notreally,but______.A.IusedtoitB.I’musedtoitC.,IusedtodoitD.I’musedtodoit95.----Wow!Youarecool!----I-_____wearmyschooluniform,butit’swashedandwet.A.shouldB.canC.mayD.will96.----Wouldyouliketohavesomefruit?----No,thanks.Idon’tfeellike_______anythingnow.A.eatB.eatingC.toeatD.ate97.Notonlyhisparentsbutalsohe___watchingsportsprograms?A.likeB.likesC.don’tlikeD.notlike98.It’sratherhotintheroom.You’dbetter______thewindowsorthedoor.A.closeB.nottocloseC.don’tcloseD.notclose99.HaveyoureadanybookswrittenbyLuxun?=Haveyoureadanybooks_______________writtenbyLuxun?100.----I’mverytiredthesedays.----Whynot______music?Itcanmakeyou______.A.listento,relaxedB.tolistento,relaxedC.listento,torelaxD.tolistento,torelax【检测练习】1.CocoLeewasborninHongKongbut______inAmerica.A.pickedupB.gaveupC.grewupD.dressedup2.I______anarticleaboutfirstaid.It’susefulwhenIhaveanaccident.A.readB.sawC.lookedD.watched3.----Look!MrGreenisattheendofthestreet.----No.It______behim.HehasgonetoEngland.A.mustn’tB.won’tC.shouldn’tD.can’t4.ThenextSummerOlympics______Brazilin2016.A.willholdB.willbeheldC.isheldD.isholding5.----CouldIborrowyourbasketball,Gina?----Sorry,you______.I______ittoTom.A.couldn’t,lentB.can’t,havelentC.couldn’t,havelentD.can’t,lent6.----MustIhandinmyhomeworktoday,MrSmith?----No,you______.A.can’tB.shouldn’tC.wouldn’tD.needn’t7.Youhadbetterleranto__differentkindsofproblemsbyyourself.A.giveupB.makeupC.playwithD.dealwith8.Manystudents______chancestoshowthemselvesinclassbecausetheclasssizeistoobig.A.don’tgiveB.aren’tgivenC.haven’tgivenD.won’tgive9.----Tom!Ilookedforyoueverywhereatthepartylastnight.----Oh,I______totheparty.A.aminvitedB.wasinvitedC.amnotinvitedD.wasn’tinvited10.Mikewenttothelibrary______somebooksyesterday.A.losingB.toborrowC.borrowsD.borrowed11.Manypeopleenjoyreadinge-books,butI＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿itasit’sbadfortheeyes.(like)12.Woudlyoumind____________(close)thewindow?13.Let’sstop_______________(exercise)unhealthily,andwecanmakeabetterlife.14.They’llgotowatchthedolphinshowifthey_____________(have)freetime.15.LiJianrouwas_____(interview)shortlyaftershewonthefirstgoldmedalforChinainthe22ndWinterOlympicGames.16.There_______________(be)anEnglishSummerCampnextmonth.Comeandjoinus.17._______________(ride)abiketothecountrysidemustbealotmorefun.Ican’twait.18.IcanstillspeaksomeFrenchnow,forI_____________(reach)ChineseinFranceforseveralyears.19.----Whydidn’tyousayanything?----Sorry,I______________(reply)tomyboss’smessage.20.Drivingafterdrinkingwine_________________(notallow)inChina.21.----Gandpahaschangedalot.----Sohehas.Hespendsmoretimethanheusedto__gameswiththechildren.A.playB.playingC.playedD.plays22.Youlooktired.You’dbetter___agoodrest.A.stoptohaveB.stophavingC.tostoptohaveD.tostophaving23.Grannyoftentellsus______waterinourdailylife.A.saveB.savingC.tosaveD.saves24.Weoftenhearsomestudents______spokenEnglishintheEnglishCorner.47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）A.practicedB.practicingC.practiceD.waspractcing25.----Canyoufindourcity_______alotinrecentyears?----Yes.Theroadiswiderandthebuildingsaretaller.A.haschangedB.changesC.changedD.willchange26.----Doyouknowifhewillcometomorrow?----No.Butifhe____,I’llcallyoutohaveamealtogether.A.willcomeB.won’tcomeC.comesD.doesn’tcome27.----Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?----Yes.I_______ittwentyminutesago.A.ahvefinishedB.finishedC.willfinishD.hadfinished28.Wearegladthatafamouswriter_______ourschooltogiveatalknextweek.A.invitesB.invitedC.willbeinvitedD.wasinvited29.Children_______sitinthefrontseatofacar.It’stoodangerous.A.needB.needn’tC.mustD.mustn’t30.Smokingisbadforyourhealth.You’dbetter_____.A.setitupB.giveitupC.pickitupD.lookitup31.Threebridges______overtheriverfiveyearsago.A.builtB.buildC.werebuiltD.arebuilt32.Hurryup!Oncetheconcertstarts,nobody______toentertheconcerthall.A.allowsB.allowedC.isallowedD.isallowing33.Weallknowthatlearningaforeignlanguage__timeandeffort.A.requiresB.reducesC.removesD.repeats34.这个组织每年为他们提供住房。Theprogram___________them_____________houseeveryyear.35.老师告诉我们不要把今天的事情推迟到明天。Theteachertellsus_________________________________whatwecandotodaytilltomorrow.36.公共汽车上的火很快被扑灭了。Thefireonthebuswas____________________soon.37.嘲笑处于困境中的人是不礼貌的。It’sbadmanners_____________________peopleintrouble.38.由于昨晚外面太吵，我们都发现很难入睡。Becauseitwastoonoisyoutsidelastnight,weallfounditdifficult__________________________.39.经常看到露西的父亲开车送她上学。Lucy’sfather__________________________________________________.40.她父亲花了两年的时间写完了这本书，并在下周发行。Ittookherfathertwoyearstosinishwritingthebook,anditwill_____________________nextweek.★★固定用法及句子★★【语法提示】1、感叹句：感叹句通常有what,how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。what修饰名词，how修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种：How+形容词+a+名词+陈述语序：Howcleveraboyheis!How+形容词或副词+陈述语序：Howlovelythebabyis!What+名词+陈述语序：Whatnoisetheyaremaking!What+a+形容词+名词+陈述语序：Whatacleverboyheis!What+形容词+复数名词+陈述语序：Whatwonderfulideas(wehave)!What+形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序：Whatcoldweatheritis!常见的感叹句：Whatgreatfunitis!Whatimportantinformation!Whatgoodnews!Whatgoodadvice/music!Whataheavyrain!Whatastrongwind!活学活用：1）___foodyou"vecooked!A.HowaniceB.WhataniceC.Hownice　D.Whatnice2）___terribleweatherwe"vebeenhavingthesedays!　A.What　B.Whata　　C.How　D.Howa　3)---____Ihad!　---Youreallysufferedalot.A.Whatatime　B.WhattimeC.HowatimeD.howtime4）______sunshine!Shallwetakeawalkinthegarden?A.WhatabeautifulB.WhatbeautifulC.HowabeautifulD.Howbeautiful5）__funnythejokeis!Itmakesussmilefromearstoears.A.WhatanB.WhatC.HowanD.How6）______wonderfulfurniture!Congratulationstoyouonmovingintosuchanicehouse.A.HowB.WhatC.Whata7）----Youcan’timagine___greatfunchattingonlineis.----Really?Butitmaycauseyoualotoftouble.A.whatB.howC.whyD.whether47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）8）----Katehaswonthefirstprizeinthesingingcompetition.----_pleasantsurprisethisgaveherclassmates!A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa2、强调句型：1）强调句结构是it引导的句子。　Itis(was)被强调部分+that(who)+句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。　　　Itisfromthesunthatwegetlightandheat.　　　ItwasnotuntilIhadreadyourletterthatIunderstoodthetruestateofaffairs.原句：　Myfatherdidtheexperimentinthelabyesterdayevening.　强调主语：Itwasmyfatherwhodidtheexperimentinthelabyesterdayevening.　强调宾语：Itwastheexperimentthatmyfatherdidinthelabyesterdayevening.　强调时间：Itwasyesterdayeveningthatmyfatherdidtheexperimentinthelab.强调地点：Itwasinthelabthatmyfatherdidtheexperimentyesterdayevening.典型例题：1）Itwaslastnight__Iseethecomet.A.　thetimeB.　when　C.　that　D.　which　2）Itistenyears__MissGreenreturnedtoCanada.A.that　B.when　C.since　D.as　区分：Itis/was+时间+since…　其中is<--->hasbeen　was<--->hadbeen.2）强调句还有一种类型，就是用助动词do(did，does)强调谓语。如：Shedoeslikethishorse.　　Pleasedotakecareofyourself.千万保重。3、反意疑问句：陈述部分的主语或谓语疑问部分Iaren"tIwishmay+主语no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等否定含义的词肯定含义haveto+v.(hadto+v.)don"t+主语(didn"t+主语)usedtododidn"t+主语或usedn"t+主语hadbetter+v.hadn"tyouwouldrather+v.wouldn"t+主语指示代词或不定代词everything,nothing,that,this主语用it定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句根据主句的谓语而定think,believe,expect,suppose等引导与宾语从句相对应的从句everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,noone复数they,单数he情态动词dare或need　　　dare,need为实义动词need(dare)+主语do+主语省去主语的祈使句　　　　Let"s开头的祈使句Letus开头的祈使句willyou？Shallwe?Willyou?therebe相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词）否定前缀不能视为否定词仍用否定形式must表"推测"：must+domust+bemust+have+过去分词don’t+主语be+主语didn’t（haven’t）+主语活学活用：*----Hedidn’tgotothelecturethismorning,didhe?----___.Thoughhewasnotfeelingverywell.A.No,hedidn’tB.Yes,hedidC.No,hedidD.Yes,hedidn’t*____hardandyou’llmakeprogressinEnglish.A.WorkB.ToworkC.WorkingD.Worked*Let’ssearchtheInternetforsomeinformationaboutfamouspeople,______?A.willyouB.won’tyouC.shallweD.dowe*Alicehadawonderfultimeyesterday,______?A.hadn’tsheB.wasn’tsheC.didn’tsheD.wouldn’tshe47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）*----Hedidn’tgotothelecturethismorning,didhe?----____.Thoughhewasnotfeelingverywell.A.No,hedidn’tB.Yes,hedidC.No,hedidD.Yes,hedidn’t4、倒装：1）here,there等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run。　如：Theregoesthebell.Herehecomes.　Hereisyourletter.注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。活学活用：----Iseveryonehere?----Notyet...Look,there_______therestofourguests!A.comeB.comesC.iscomingD.arecoming2）部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,notuntil…等。　　如：NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.正常的句式为：___________________________________________________　　　　Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.正常的句式为：___________________________________________________　典型例题：----Whycan"tIsmokehere?----Never___inthemeeting-roomA.issmokingpermitted　　B.　smokingispermittedC.smokingisitpermitted　D.　doessmokingpermitNotuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___whatheatis.　　A.mandidknow　B.manknow　C.didn"tmanknow　D.didmanknow　再如：Notonlydidherefusethegift,healsocriticizedthesender.　注意：只有当Notonly…butalso连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Notonly…butalso仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。如：NotonlyyoubutalsoIamfondofmusic.3）表示“也”、“也不”的句子要部分倒装。如：　　　　　　TomcanspeakFrench.SocanJack.Ifyouwon"tgo,neitherwillI.典型例题：　---DoyouknowJimquarrelledwithhisbrother?　---Idon"tknow,_____.　A.nordon"tIcare　　B.nordoIcare　　C.Idon"tcareneither　　D.Idon"tcarealso注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为“的确如此”。　如：TomaskedmetogotoplayfootballandsoIdid.　---It"sraininghard.　　　---Soitis.活学活用：*----Ineverdrinkcoffee.----_______.A.SodoIB.SodidIC.NeitherdidID.NeitherdoI*Ifyougohiking,______.A.soIwillB.sowillIC.soIdoD.sodoI*----Sorrysir,I’vemadesomanymistakesinthispaper.----It’sOK.____.Thispaperisdifficult.A.SohaveotherstudentsB.SodootherstudentsC.NeitherdootherstudentsD.Neitherhaveotherstudents*----LastnightIdidn’twatchtheTVshow,ABiteofChina2.----_______didI.Iwaspreparingfortoday’stestthen.A.SoB.EitherC.Neither*----Kunmingisreallyacomfortablecitytolivein.----_______.Theweatherispleasant.A.SoitisB.SoisitC.SoitdoesD.Sodoesit*----WillyougotoPeter’spartythisSaturdayevening?----Ihaven’tdecidedyet.Ifyoudon’tgo,_______.A.sowillIB.neitherdoIC.neitherwillI*----Whenwilltherailwaythatconnectsthetwocitiesopen?----______nextyear.Onlytwothirds_______beenbuilt.A.Until,hasB.Until,haveC.Notuntil,hasD.Notuntil,have4）only的倒装结构：only位于句首，且后面连接的是时间、地点或方式时，句子需要使用倒装。Onlyinthisway,canyoulearnEnglishwell.　Onlyafterbeingaskedthreetimes,didhecometothemeeting.　如果only后面的句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。如：Onlywhenheisseriouslyill,doesheeverstayinbed.47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）如果only后面直接跟主语，不需要倒装。OnlyTomcamethereontime.5、主谓一致问题：1）当either…or…与neither…nor，　连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here,there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。如：Eitheryouorsheistogo.Hereisapen,afewenvelopsandsomepaperforyou.2）当主语后面跟有with,togetherwith,like,except,but,nolessthan,aswellas等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。如：Theteachertogetherwithsomestudentsisvisitingthefactory.　HeaswellasIwantstogoboating.3）代词each和由every,some,no,any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each,every,谓语需用单数。如：Eachofushasatape-recorder.Thereissomethingwrongwithmywatch.4）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。如：Threeweeksisenough.5）more,most,all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。如：Allisright.(一切顺利。)Allarepresent.(所有人都到齐了。)6）anumberof与thenumberof　##anumberof+名词复数+复数动词。##thenumberof+名词复数+单数动词。7）用halfof,partof,mostof等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词，代词保持一致。　如：Mostofhismoneyisspentonbooks.　Mostofthestudentsaretakinganactivepartinsports.8）在一些短语，如manya或morethanone所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由morethan…of作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。如：　Manyapersonhasreadthenovel.　Morethan60percentofthestudentsarefromthecity.9）kindof,pairof,glassof等短语做主语时，谓语动词与kind,pair,glass保持一致。如：ThispairofshoesisTom’s.活学活用：*ThepopulationofChina___over1.3billionandChinahasbiggerpopulationthan____intheworld.A.is,anycountryB.is,anyothercountryC.are,theothercountriesD.are,anyothercountries*----Whatareyougoingtodothisweekend?----Itogetherwithmyclassmates_____goingtoclimbmountain.A.isB.amC.areD.were*----Doyouneedmoretimetocompletethetask?----Yes.Anothertendays______enough.A.isB.wasC.areD.were*Andy,you’dbetternoteatmeatonly.Youshouldknowmilkandfruit__goodforyou.A.isB.areC.wasD.were*Look!Thepolice__thefoodontothebankoftheriver.A.amcarryingB.iscarryingC.arecarryingD.arecarried6、否定转移：1）将think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如：Idon"tthinkIknowyou.　　Idon"tbelievehewillcome.　注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移，如：Ihopeyouweren"till.2）将seem,appear等后的从句的否定转移到前面。如：　Itdoesn"tseemthattheyknowwheretogo.　　Itdoesn"tappearthatwe"llhaveasunnydaytomorrow.3）有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。如：　Idon"trememberhavingeverseensuchaman.　我记得从未见过这样一个人。7、表示推测：1）must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为"一定"。must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，must后面通常接系动词be的原形或行为动词的进行式。如：Youhaveworkedhardallday.Youmustbetired.　Hemustbeworkinginhisoffice.　比较：Hemustbestaying47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）there.　他现在肯定呆在那里。　　　Hemuststaythere.他必须呆在那。2）must表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must要接完成式。如：　　Ididn"thearthephone.Imusthavebeenasleep.　3）否定推测用can"t。如：IfTomdidn"tleavehereuntilfiveo"clock,hecan"tbehomeyet.　4）表示推测结构的反意疑问句：A.must/can’t+动词原形：Hemuststaythere,______________?Youmustbetired,_______________?B.must/can’t+完成式：Hemusthaveseenthefilmyesterday,______________?Hemusthavealreadyseenthefilm,_______________?Hemusthaveseenthefilmbytheendoflastterm,____________?1）注意一个特殊句式：should+have+P.P.（表示过去本应该如何如何，但实际未如何如何）如：Youshouldhaveaskedwhatyouweresupposedtowear.你本应该问问你理应穿什么。8、复合句：1）状语从句种类连接词主要考点时间状语从句when,whenever,while,as,before,after,until,till,bythetime,assoonas,themoment等1、主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时；2、while引导的从句中动词一般是延续性动词；3、until用在肯定句中主句动词是延续性的，而否定句中主句动词为短暂性的。地点状语从句where,wherever原因状语从句because,as,since,nowthatbecause语气最强，since较弱，表示大家都明了的原因，as次之。条件状语从句if,unless,once,aslongas等主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时目的状语从句sothat,inorderthatsothat和inorderthat后常接may，should，could，would等情态动词。结果状语从句so...that,such...that比较状语从句than,as...as,notas/so...as...,themore...,themore...方式状语从句asif,asthough,asasif和asthough引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。让步状语从句though,although,evenif,eventhough,as,nomatterwhat,whatever,nomatterwho,whoever,nomatterwhich,whichever,however,nomatterhow,nomatterwhere,wherever1、as在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式；2、although和though用正常语序，可和yet连用，但不能和but连用。2）名词性从句种类作用常用关联词例句主语从句在复合句中做主语，相当于名词，一般置于谓语之前，也可以用it作形式主语，主语从句放在主句之后。主语从句的谓语动词用单数。that,whether,if,asif,asthough,who,whose,which,how,when,where,why,what,whatever,whoever,Whetherhewillcomeornotdoesn’tmattermuch.Whoevercomesherewillbewelcome.47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）wherever表语从句在复合句中作表语，相当于名词，位于系动词之后。Itlooksasifitisgoingtosnow.宾语从句在复合句中作宾语，相当于名词。Heaskedmewhichteamcouldwinthegame.Youhavenoideahowworriedweare.Thefactthatheliedagaingreatlysurprisedus.同位语从句放在名词之后（news，problem，idea，suggestion，advice，thought，hope，fact）表明具体内容。活学活用：1.----Couldyoutellme__forclassthismorning?----I’msorry,MrsLin.IgotupsolatethatIcouldn’tcatchthefirstbus.A.whywereyoulateB.whyyouarelateC.whyareyoulateD.whyyouwerelate2.Doyouknowwhen______?A.doesthenexttrainleaveB.thenexttrainleavesC.willthenexttrainleaveD.thenexttrainwillleave3.Heaskedme,“AreyougoingtoWuhan?”=Heaskedme_______________________goingtoWuhan.4.I’mthinkingabout______togothere.A.ifB.whetherC.that5.----Doyouknow______?----I’mnotsure,maybeheisabusinessman.A.whoheisB.whoisheC.whathedoesD.whatdoeshedo6.Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.=Idon’tknow________________________next.7.Iheardthattheyweresinginginthenextroom.=Iheard_________________inthenextroom.8.Canyouguessifthey______toplayfootballwithus?Ithinktheywillcomeifthey______free.A.come,areB.willcome,willbeC.willcome,areD.come,willbe9.Canyoutellmewhenhe______heretomorrow?Whenhe______here,pleasecallme.A.comes,comesB.willcome,willcomeC.willcome,comesD.comes,willcome10.----Thevillage______Ivisitedlastyearhaschangedalot.----Really?Ihopetogothereoneday.A.thatB.whoC.when11.----Doyouknowtheman_______camehereyesterday?----Yes,hebroughtmethemostinterestingbook______Ihadwantedtobuy.A.who,whichB.who,thatC.whom,whichD.what,that12.----DidMrsKingleaveamessage?----Yes.Shewantedtoknow______thisSunday.A.whoyouwouldgoshoppingB.ifyouwouldgoshoppingwithherC.thatyouwillgoshoppingD.whenwillyougoshoppingwithher【配套练习】1.TheSmiths_______sendinge-mails_______letters,becauseitisfaster.A.prefer,towritingB.prefer，towriteC.prefers，towritingD.prefers，towrite2.—YoucanteachmeEnglishandIcanteachyouChinese.—__________.A.Thesametoyou.B.That’sadeal!C.Whatapity!D.Metoo.3.一Hi,Mary._______?—Notsowell.Ican’tkeepupwiththeotherstudents.A.HowlonghaveyoustudiedchemistryB.WhoisteachingyouchemistryC.HowisyourchemistrystudygoingD.Whereareyou1earningchemistry4.Heissleeping.You’dbetter__.A.nottowakehimupB.notwakehimupC.notwakeuphimD.nottowakeuphim5.—Couldyougettotheparkbefore3o’clock?—____.I’mstillatthemeetingthen.A.IthinksoB.Yes,IcouldC.I’mafraidnotD.I’mafraidso6.—ShallIturndowntheradio,Jan?It’salittleloud.—.A.No,youwon’tB.Don’tdothatC.No,pleasedon’tD.Yes,pleasedon’t7.—YouhavemadegreatprogressinEnglish.—____.That’swhyIgotanAintheEnglishexam.A.SoIhaveB.SohaveIC.SoIdoD.SodoI8.—Don"tsteponthegrassnexttime,Mike. —________.A.Isthatso?        B.Don"tworry.C.Idon"tknow. D.Sorry,Iwon"t.9.—Areyougoingtoborrowadictionaryoramagazine?—______.A.Yes,adictionaryB.No,amagazineC.AdictionaryD.Yes,both10.—______.—Thanks,Iwill.A.Wishyouahappyjourney.B.Givemybestwishestoyourparents.C.Thankyouforyourhelp.D.Yougotthefirstprize.Congratulations!11.—I’vebeenwaitingforyouforanhour!Wherehaveyoubeen?—_It’srushhournow,youknow,thetrafficistoobad!A.Itdoesn’tmatter.B.Sorryaboutthat.C.Becareful!D.Whatapity!12.—DoyouknowWangNanwasn’tfirstinthesingles?—__________Ithoughtshewouldneverloseagame!47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）A.Really?B.Great!C.Allright.D.Noproblem.13.—Morning!___,isn’tit?—Yes,butabitcold.A.HotweatherB.ColdweatherC.BaddayD.Niceday14.Youlooktired.__________workingindoorsyoushouldbeoutforawalk.A.AheadofB.InsteadofC.InfrontofD.Inspiteof15._______peoplewehelp,________wefeel.A.Many;themorehappilyB.Themore;thehappierC.All;thehappiestD.Most;themosthappy16.Theheavysnowstoppedthemthevillage.A.fromleaveB.fromleftC.fromleavingD.leave17.Atthesciencemuseum，theboysandgirlsgettoknow__________.A.whatisthespaceshiplikeB.whatthespaceshiplookslikeC.howthespaceshiplooks1ikeD.howdoesthespaceshiplooklike18.—Lucydidn’tcometoschoo1yesterday,didshe?—______thoughshewasnotfeelingverywell.A.No，shedidn"tB.Yes，shedidC.Yes，shedidn"tD.No，shedid19.Yangyangneverplaysvideogamesinhissparetime,?A.isheB.isn’theC.doesheD.doesn’the20.—Howmanystudentsdoyouthinkarestillintheclassroomnow?—Iamafraidtherearefewofthem,__?A.arethereB.aren’tIC.aren’tthereD.amI21.—______today!—Yes.Shallwehaveapicnicintheopenair?A.WhatfineweatherisB.HowfineweatheritisC.WhatafineweatheritisD.Howfinetheweatheris22.Noonecanbesure______inamillionyears.A.whatmanlookslikeB.whatwillmanlooklikeC.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatmanwilllooklike23.OnMay30th,2005,onebowlintheMingdynasty____atthepriceof30.36millionHongKongdollars.A.sellB.soldC.issoldD.wassold24.—DidyougotoSam’sweekendparty?—No,I___________.A.amnotinvitedB.wasn’tinvitedC.haven’tinvitedD.didn’tinvite25.—Doyouknoweverybody__cametotheparty?—Almost,butIdon’tknowtheone__youtalkedwithnearthedoor.A.who,/B.whose,thatC.that,whichD./,whom26.Ihavetriedmybest.ThatisallIcandoforyou.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.how27.----Davidhasbeenawayformorethan25days.----Imisshimverymuch.Youknow25days______short.A.isB.isn’rC.areD.aren’t28.Summerholidayiscoming.LiLeiwithhisbrother______togotoShanghai.A.wantB.willwantC.wantsD.wanted29.Inourschoollibrarythere______anumberofbooksonscience,andintheseyearsthenumberofthem______growinglargerandlarger.A.are,isB.is,areC.have,areD.has,is30.Myfatherwasprepairingforhisspeech______mymotherwasdoingsomewashinglastnight.A.ifB.whileC.unlessD.until31.Nobodyknows__in100years.A.whatwilllifebelikeB.whatlifewillbelikeC.whatislifelikeD.whatlifeislike32.----Thevillage______Ivisitedlastyearhaschangedalot.----Really?Ihopetogothereoneday.A.thatB.whoC.whenD.where33.----Wouldyouliketogototheamusementpark?----IfJackdoes,_______.A.Igo,tooB.sowillIC.neitherwillID.sodoI34.______funitistohaveicecreaminhotsummer!A.WhataB.HowC.WhatD.Howa35.ThePalaceMuseumisthebestplace______I’veevervisited.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what36.Agraduationceremoryisacustom_______takesplace______studentsgraduatefromaschool.A.which,whenB.that,whoC.which,whoseD.that,which37.Istillrememberthecollegeandtheteachers__IvisitedinLondonyearsago.A.whatB.whoC.thatD.which38.----Haveyousentyourparentsane-mailtellingthemyouarrivedsafely?----No.____ofthemcanuseacomputer.A.NoneB.BothC.NeitherD.All39.----I’vehadenoughbread.Wouldyoulike______?----No,thanks.A.afewmoreB.onemoreC.anothermoreD.somemore40.----Howlongwillyoustaythere?----For________.A.oneandtwodaysB.oneandtwodayC.oneortwodayD.adayortwo47 2015届初四英语二轮复习导学案（语法专项训练）【检测练习】1.----______didyouachieveyourdream?----Byworkinghard,ofcourse.A.WhenB.WhyC.How2.----______doyouvisityourgrandparentsinyourhometown,Nick?----Onceamonth.A.HowsoonB.HowoftenC.Howlong3.----I’mleavingforXisaiMountainthisafternoon.----______youhavepackedeverything.A.TobesureB.BeensureC.BeingsureD.Besure4.Itrainedheavilyyesterdaymorning.（改为感叹句）________________________itrainedyesterdaymorning!5.----Putsomebutteronasliceofbreadandaddateaspoonofbutter.Whatelse?----Next____sometomatoes.A.cutupB.cutsupC.tocutupD.cuttingup6.----Didyouusetohavelonghairorshorthair,Sally?----__.A.Yes,IdidB.No,Ididn’tC.LonghairD.Curlyhair7.Look,thesetofkeys_______ontheteacher’sdesk.A.areB.wereC.isD.was8.There_________________(be)anEnglishspeechinthehalltomorrow.9.Neitherofus______________(like)meat,weareallvegetarians.10.There__greatchangesinsuchkindofPdainthelastfewyears.A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.hashadD.havehad11.Thezookeeperisworriedbecausethenumberofvisitors_______smallerandsmaller.A.becomeB.arebecomingC.isbecomingD.havebecome12.It’sgoingtorain.You’dbettertakeanumbrella________youmaygetwet.A.orB.andC.but13.----Lucy,savewater,______wewillhavenowatertodrinkinthefuture.----OK,youarequiteright.A.orB.andC.so14.Doyouknow_______?---Yes.Themonitorsaidweshouldmeetatten.A.wherewe’llhaveabigsaleB.whywe’llgotooldpeople’shomeC.whenwe’llhelpcleanupthecityparksD.howwe’llgotocheerupthesickkids15.----Whichisyournewneighbour,LiuHua?----Theman________T-shirtisred.A.thatB.whoC.whichD.whose16.Therearesomanyfoggydaysthesedays.Weallwanttoknow______.A.howcanwedotopreventitB.howwecandotopreventitC.whatcanwedotopreventitD.whatwecandotopreventit17.----TheTVplayYouWhoComefromtheStarsispopularrecently.----Yes.Itistheonlyprogram_______Iwatchedthismonth.A.whoB.thatC.whereD.when18.Ericarrivedontime,_______itwastherushhour.A.thoughB.becauseC.whileD.unless19.Heisunlikelytofindtheschool________hetaught50yearsago.A.whereB.whenC.howD.why20.AWechatisaninvention______canhelppeopletalktofriends,sharephotos,ideasandfeelingfreely.A.whichB.whoC.whoseD.how47