【5A版】高中英语语法填空(精华).pptx 27页

第四章语法填空（GrammaticalCloze）第1、2课时给提示词的语法填空题解题技巧不给提示词的语法填空题解题技巧 题型简介语法填空又称为开放式语篇填空，本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示。这种命题形式将过去以句子为核心的语法单项选择变成以语篇为核心的语法填空。这一转变体现了新课改由语法知识到语法技能的语法教学观念的转变以及当今高考英语改革的趋势：突出语篇，强调在语篇中测试学生的英语语言知识和技能。2007年高考广东卷率先使用该命题形式，各个省区相继采取这种方式。2014年2月份国家考试中心公布的《考试说明》宣布从2014年开始，新课标高考全国卷也将以语法填空替代使用了几十年之久的单项选择。 先学任务&Warmingup:（2016年全国III卷）阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。InmuchofAsia,especiallytheso-called“ricebowl”culturesofChina,Japan,Korea,41Vietnam,foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.Chopsticksareusuallytwolong,thinpiecesofwoodorbamboo.Theycanalsobemadeofplastic,animalboneormetal.Sometimeschopsticksarequiteartistic.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight42(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal43(create)specialdesigns.andbemadetocreate TheChinesehaveusedchopsticksforfivethousandyears.Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,44(use)twigs(树枝)toremoveit.Overtime,45thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich46(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,47livedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthe48(develop)ofchopsticks.Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand49(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat50theirhands.usingas/whengraduallywhodevelopmentwerewith Step1:解题步骤1）通读全文，搞清文章大意，弄清主题、时态。2）依照语义、语法，参考常考知识点，进行填空。注意：时态、语态、性、数、格问题。3）通读全文，复查验证。 Step2:知识点准备1）定语从句：关系代词：which,that,who,whose,as;（注意as引导的定语从句“such...as、thesame...as”）关系副词:when,where,why;非限制性定语从句引导词：which,as;介词+关系代词：介词+which 2）状语从句：时间、目的、条件、原因、地点和让步状语从句。①时间状语从句，尤其是as，since，while，when，before，until等连接词；②when/where引导的状语从句；③让步状语从句的倒装；as和though引导的让步状语从句可将表语提前；④非谓语动词：现在分词（表主动和进行），过去分词（表被动和完成），动词不定式（表将来和目的）； 3）名词性从句：名词性从句主要考查语序、时态和引导词。复习重点：①从属连词whether，if和that的用法（whether和ornot连用，that没有意义，不充当成分）；②连接代词和连接副词的选择 4）时态、语态：现在完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时、将来完成时、完成进行时等，多和语态一起考查。①一般现在时和一般过去时的区别②现在完成时和一般过去时的区别③一般过去时和过去完成时的区别④一般现在时和现在进行时以及一般过去时同过去进行时的区别⑤“系动词+过去分词”的用法，如：getlost；remainunknown等形式的用法⑥进行时态的被动语态及主动表被动的用法 5）其他：倒装语序、主谓一致关系、强调结构等。①it作形式主语、形式宾语；②therebe句型；③itis/was+被强调部分+that/who强调句型；④情态动词用法；⑤主谓一致和时态语态的结合 Step3：语法填空题的出题方式1.给出提示词的语法填空：主要考查：1）名词（单、复、所有格）2）动词（时态—语态—数；doing-done-todo）3）形容词、副词（原级、比较级、最高级、转换）4）代词（性、数、格）5）词类转换(名—形—副—动） 2.未给提示词的语法填空。考查：冠、代、介、连、及一些副词（多为固定搭配）。3.解题关键：1）把握大意；2）找关键词（1.看横线前后词；2.找出句中主语、谓语、连词）；4.原则既要符合语意，又要合乎语法！ Step4：语法填空题解题技巧1.考查名词（n.）技巧：注意名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。例如：Therearemanystudentslivingatschool,the_________(child)housesareallfarfromschoo1．当堂导练：1）Doyouknowhowmany_______(novel)arethereontheshelf?2）Infaceofvarious_______(nature)disasters,whatcanwedotosurvive?3）Hehadatoothache,sohewenttothe________(dentist).一、给提示词的语法填空题children"snovelsnaturaldentist"s 2.考查动词（v.）技巧：注意动词形式的变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(todo,doing,done)。例如：Atalk___________(give)tomorrowiswrittenbyProfessorZhang．当堂导练：1)Askingaboutone"sincome____________(view)impolite.2)Overtime,manychanges__________________(takeplace)inourcountry.3)Theteacherenteredthelab,________(follow)bysomestudents.4)Somestudentsenteredthelab,___________(follow)theteacher.5)Hiswordsencouragedmetoworkharder_____________(achieve)mygoal.tobegivenisviewedhavetakenplacefollowedfollowingtoachieve 3.考查形容词（adj.）、副词（adv.）技巧：1）形容词变为副词、副词变为形容词；2）形容词变成其比较级或最高级（构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀-er和-est，或在词加more／less和most／least，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the）；3）形容词变成其相反意义的adj.或adv.，例如：Iam________(tall)thanLiuWen．Heisthetalleststudentsinmyclass．Liouslosthiswalletyesterday，sohewasvery_________(happiness)．lesstallunhappy 当堂导练：1)Afterretirement,theoldmanlivedinthecountryside___________(peaceful).2)Comparedwiththosechildrenlivinginthecountryside,weare__________(happy).3)Heistheathletewhojumps_________(far)intheworld.4)Hewas________(able)tofinishthisjobbyhimself,sopleasehelphim.5)Manyotheractorsare_______(badly)offthanmeatpresent,…peacefullyhappierfarthestunableworse 4.考查代词（pron.）技巧：注意代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如noone／none、other／another等。Thekingdecidedtoseethepainterby_________(he)．当堂导练：1）Firstly,wemustunderstandthelanguagewhenwehear____（it）spoken.2）Ipatientlywalkedtothelibrary,tookmyseatanddidsomedeepbreathingtohelprelax________(I).himselfitmyself 5.考查词性转换技巧：1）名词与形容词相互转换；2）形容词副词的相互转换；3）动词与名词的相互转换,例如：Wemustnoticethe______________(important)ofprotectingtheenvironment.当堂导练：1）Butarecentstudysawthingsquite____________(different).2）Theorderinwhichtheyfinishedwoulddecidetheorderoftheir____________(appear)intheChinesecalendar.3）…,soI’mverycarefulnottogiveoutmy_________(person)information.importancedifferentlyappearancepersonal 1.考查冠词（art.）1)如果空格后是单数可数名词，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填不定冠词(a,an);2)如果空格后是序数词、最高级或提及上文提到过的人或物等时，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填定冠词(the)。例如：Jackielikestodriveat________highspeed．当堂导练：1)Theybotharetryingtheirbesttorealize_______samedream―enteringthekeyuniversity.2)Recitingmoretextsis_____usefulwaytobroadenyourvocabulary.二、未给提示词的语法填空题athea 2.考查介词或副词常用的介词有in，at，on，of，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等，但考查得较少。例如：Justthen,hesawablackboardin________ofhim．TheUS consists____fiftystates．frontof 当堂导练：1）OldTom"sgrand-daughterusedtovisithim_____Saturdayafternoons．2）ThoughLiuQiangdidthesamework____ZhangWendid，hegotalowerpay______Zhang Wen．3）Televisionisnowplayingaveryimportantrole___ourlife.4）ItwasinthisveryroomthatIgavebirth_____Lindaseventeenyearsago.onasthaninto 3.考查连词、副词、关联短语常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等；常用的关联短语有both…and，either…or，neither…nor，notonly…butalso等。表示并列：and,or等；表示因果：so,for,therefore,thus等；表示递进：further,furthermore,moreover,inaddition等;表示转折：but,nevertheless,however,yet,while,although,though等。LittleWangJuncouldnotgotoschool，_____hisfamilywastoopoor．______MarrieandJannielikegoingtothetheatre．forBoth Itwasonlyonedayleft,_________,hisfatherhadnoideatoanswerhim．当堂导练：1)Iaskedmyclassmatesaboutherinterest_____thenImademyfinaldecision.2)Ifafamilyhasmanychildren,themiddleonesometimesgetslostinthecrowd.Theyoungestchild,_________,oftengetsspecialtreatment.howeverandhowever 4.考查it、从句引导词(what、that、who、which、when、where等)Ilike____whenmyparentsarefriendlytome.Hedidnotdo_______hisfatherhadaskedhimtodo．Those_______wanttogotothevillagemustsignhere．当堂导练：1）Oneday,hecameupwithanidea______hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.2）Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,_____aresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikelytosucceed.3）Iadmiredthepainting,andTedsaidhewouldlikemetohave______asagiftfromhim.4）_______hewantsisabicycle.itwhatwhothatwhoitWhat 5.考查固定搭配根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。Thechildrenwereplayingontheground，enjoying_____________,dirtybuthappy．Hisbosswas______angryastofirehim．当堂导练：1）MrsBakerwasill,soherdaughterhadtoaskforaleavetotake______ofher．2）I"veneverheard_______storiesashetold.3）MrSmithtookaplanetoLondon__________oftakingatrain．themselvessocaresuchinstead Step5:巩固练习People___1___(live)indifferentcountriesmadedifferentkindsofwords.Todaythereareaboutfifteenhundred_____2_____（language）intheworld.Eachcontainsmanythousandsofwords.Averylargedictionary,forexample,containsfour__3__fivehundredthousandwords.Butwedonotneed__4__these.Toreadshortstoriesyouneedtoknowonlyabouttwothousandwords.____5___youleaveschool,youwilllearnonlyonethousandormore.Thewordsyouknowarecalledyourvocabulary.Youshouldtrytomakeyourvocabulary___6___(big).Readasmanybooksaswecan.Therearealotofbooks____7____(write)ineasyEnglish.Youwillenjoythem.Whenyoumeet___8___newword,lookit__9__inyourdictionary.Yourdictionaryisyour___10___(much)usefulbook.livinglanguagesorallBeforebiggerwrittenaupmost Step6:自辅落实Finishthetwoexercisesonthelearningsheet.