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学员编号:年级:初三 课时数:3学员姓名:辅导科目:英语 学科教师:授课类型T(语法填空)T(shelf-check)T(语法填空练习)授课日期及时段教学目的教学内容
考情分析一、1.2015年,浙江中考英语将取消单项填空题,推出语法填空题,把语法知识测试全部放在语篇中进行,旨在考查考生在语篇中综合运用语言知识的能力。它不但要求考生有扎实的词汇、语法等基础知识和对句型结构的灵活运用能力,而且还要求考生有良好的语感和一定的阅读理解能力。2.给出150—200字的一段短文。一篇文章10个空。其中,一部分填空是给出单词提示词,填写它的正确词形每空1分。其中,一般6个空是有的,相当于用所给词的正确形式填空;另外一部分填空是结合上下文直接填词,一般是4个左右。3.给词提示填空题型中所给词常见类:名词、动词、形容词、副词等。名词提示:名词的单复数、词性变化动词提示:时态、语态、非谓语动词、词性变化等形容词、副词提示:比较级、最高级、词性变化等空白直接填空体型常见类:介词、冠词、连词、代词(连接代词、连接副词)等介词:固定词组或者固定搭配冠词:泛指、特指连词:判断其连接的是并列句还是从句等代词提示:人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词,代词格的变化等好了,明白了它的前世今生,接下来我们又该如何解决呢?【例题】找一找,你觉得这篇文章那些单词是会考的。
ItwasMary’sbirthday.Shereceivedaletterfromher(二选一)unclewhowasafarmer.DearMary,”thelettersaid(say).“Happybirthday!Iamsendingyousomechickens.Theywillarrive/arearriving(二选一)(arrive)tomorrow.Ihopeyoulikethem.Bestwishes,UncleToby.”Thenextdaythechickensinaboxarrived.Marytooktheboxoffthetruckandbegantocarry/carrying(二选一)(carry)itintohergarden.However,theboxfelltothegroundandbroke.Thechickensallranout.Maryspenthourstrying(try)tofind(find)[二选一]themandtakethembacktohergarden.Afewdayslaterherunclecame.“Didthechickensarrivesafely/safe(safe)?”heaskedMary.“Yes,UncleToby,”Marysaid.“ButIdroppedtheboxandthechickensraneverywhere.Ispentthewholemorninglookingfortheelevenchickens.”“That’sveryinteresting(interest),”herunclesaidwithasmile,“becauseIonlysentyousix.”二、解题策略1、快速浏览,了解大意。对于简单把握的空,可以先填出来。2、上下求索,填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系,填出正确的词以及正确的形式。3、通读全文,检查确认。特别要注意,根据文章意思,有些空是否要加入否定前缀。无提示词 无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词,代词,介词,连词(并列连词和从属连词)等虚词。
(1)名词前面一般用冠词,代词或介词等。冠词冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(theDefiniteArticle),另一种是不定冠词(theIndefiniteArticle),还有一种是零冠词(ZeroArticle)一、不定冠词的用法:(a,an)1.表示“一个”,意为one;指某人或某物AMr.Lingiswaitingforyou.2.代表一类人或物。Aknifeisatoolforcuttingwith.Mr.Smithisanengineer.词组alittle/afew/alot/atypeof/agreatmany/manya/inahurry/inaminute/inaword/inashortwhile/afterawhile/haveacold/haveatry二、定冠词的用法(the)定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有“那(这)个”的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。1.特指双方都明白的人或物:Takethemedicine.把药吃了。2.上文提到过的人或事:Heboughtahouse.I’vebeentothehouse.他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。3.指世上独一物二的事物:
thesun,thesky,themoon,theearth4用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same等前面:Wheredoyoulive?Iliveonthesecondfloor.你住在哪?我住在二层。Heistheonlymanwhowontheprize.他是唯一一个获得奖励的人5单数名词连用表示一类事物:如:thedollar美元;thefox狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:therich富人;theliving生者。6与复数名词连用,指整个群体:Theyaretheteachersofthisschool.(指全体教师)Theyareteachersofthisschool.(指部分教师)7.用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:theGreens 格林一家人(或格林夫妇)【考点分析】当空格后面的名词是上文提到过、是世界上独一无二的事物、是序数词以及最高级【例题】1.Thereis_______pictureof_______elephanton_______wall.2.Thisis_______usefulbook.I"vereaditfor_______hour.3._______elephantismuchheavierthan_______horse.4._______doctortoldhimtotake_______medicinethreetimes_______day.5.Let"sgooutfor_______walk.6.It"stoohot.Open_______door,please.7.Thereis_______womanoverthere._______womanisMeimei"smother.8._______sunrisesin_______east.9._______ChangjiangRiveris_______longestriverin_______China.10.Areyougoingtodoit_______secondtime?11.Washingtonis_______capitalof_______USA.12._______Turnersarelivingattheendof_______TurnerStreet.
(2)如果需要填入代词,就要考虑到是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词的变化。指示代词的用法【语法】人称/物主/指示代词分类:英语中代词主要分为人称代词和物主代词.具体形式如下表所示:第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数人称代词主格Iweyouyouhesheitthey宾格meusyouyouhimheritthem物主代词形容词性myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs人称代词:人称代词又分为主格和宾格形式.主格通常做主语。宾格通常做动词或介词的宾语.Eg:a.I’manurse.b.Couldyouhelpme?c.MumoftentakesustotheparkonSunday.d.It’sacat.Wecallit“Mimi.”形容词性的物主代词:相当于形容词,后面要跟名词,指定名词的所属对象.名词性的物主代词:相当于一个名词,必须单独使用,后面不能再跟名词.
a.Yourbookissmall,mineisbig.(=mybook)b.Thisisnotyourpen.Yoursisonthedesk.(=yourpen)c.whosebookisthat?It’shers.(=herbook)指示代词:this这个,that那个these这些those那些反身代词:1、第一、二人称的反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加上-self或-selves构成的。如:I--myself we--ourselvesyou(单数)--yourself you(复数)--yourselves2、第三人称的反身代词是由人称代词的宾格加上-self或-selves构成的。如:she--herself he--himself it--itself they--themselves one--oneself【用法】与by搭配当反身代词与by搭配时,意为:单独地,没有人帮助的。例如:(1)Wemustfinishitallbyourselves.(我们必须全靠自己去完成。)(2)Hecanswimallbyhimself.(他能独自一个人游泳。)简单口语Helpyourself!请随便吃吧!/请自己去取吧!Makeyourselfathome!别客气!Don’tupsetyourself!别自寻烦恼【考点分析】首先判断分析句子是否缺主语和宾语,在无提示词的语法填空中若出现这样的情况,一般填写的是代词。考试时分析句子成分才是首要做的。【例题】1.Thisisnotmypencil-box._______(I)isinthebag.
1.Treesareplantedin______(we)countryeveryyear,whichmakesourcountrymoreandmorebeautiful.2.---IsthatbikeMissGao’s?---Yes,itis______(she)book,isn’tit?3.Help______(you)tosomefruit,Jack.4.---Whotaughtyourbrothertosurf?---Nobody.Helearntallby_______(he).5.TheirEnglishteacherisfromAmerica,but______(we)isfromEngland.6.Mary’sanswerisdifferentfrom________(I).11.---Mywatchkeepsgoodtime.Whatabout_______(you).12.Heaskedmetogive________(he)_someadviceonhowtoenlargehispresentbusinessandhewasentirelyhappyaboutmyadvice.(3)并列的两个或多个单词,短语,或句子之间设空,一般填入并列连词and,but,or等。并列连词连词是一种虚词,它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词、短语与短语或句子与句子作用。连词主要分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。 并列连词: 1.平行或对等关系的并列连词 and ”和”both…and…;“……和……两个都;as well as“也” not only…but also…“不但……而且……”; neither…nor…“既不……也不……” 例My mother bought me a present,and I like it very much.我妈妈买了一件礼物给我,我很喜欢 He can speak not only English but also French.他会说英语还会说法语。 2.表转折关系的并列连词 but“但是”例: Lucy likes red,but Lily likes white。露西喜欢红的,然而莉莉喜欢白的。 3.表选择关系的并列连词 or“或者”;either…or…“要么……要么……”
注:由or 连接的句子可以转换为有否定条件构成的主从复合句。 Eg: Study hard,or you’ll fail the exam.=If you don’t study hard,you’ll fail the exam.努力学习,否则你考试会失败的。 Either you or he goes. “要么你去,要么他去”。 4.表因果关系的并列连词 so “所以,因此”;Eg:Kate was ill so she didn’t go to school.凯特病了所以没去学校。 二、不能同时出现在一个句子中的连词。 1.because(因为),so(所以)不能同时出现在一个句子里,只能用其一. eg:Because he was tired,he couldn’t walk here. =He was tired,so he couldn’t walk there. 因为他很累,所以走不到这里。 2.although/though(虽然),but(但是)不能同时出现在一个句子里,只能用其一。 但although/though和 yet 可以同时出现在一个句子里(yet 用作副词) Eg:Though he was tired,he still worked hard.=He was tired,but he still worked hard.: 虽然他很累,但是她仍然坚持工作 三、and 和or 用于否定句中的区别 1)当列举成分是主语,又在否定词之前时用and连接;而当列举成分在否定词之后时,用“or”构成完全否定. Eg:I can’t sing or dance. 我不会唱歌,也不会跳舞。 Lucy and lily can’t speak Chinese. 露西和莉莉都不会说汉语。 在否定句中,如果所连接的两部分都有否定词那么用“and”而不用“or”Eg:There is no water and no air on the moon.月球上没有水也没有空气。 2) 在否定句中,without +and;而在肯定句中,without+or,构成完全否定。
Eg:Man can’t live without air and water=Man will die without air or water. 五、由 either……or….., neither……nor……,not only……but also……连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与较近的主语保持一致。(就近原则) (填写谓语动词时需要注意)Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting you.不止我父母,连我很也很想见到你【考点总结】首先确定词与词、句与句之间的关系,然后根据关系选择适当的连词。注意否定词与空格的位置以及特殊单词without【例题】1.TheEnglishwouldsaytotheirguests“Enjoyyourselves!”wheneating__________“Hopeyou’veenjoyed!”aftereating.2.Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,_____hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”higher.3.Eachwinnerreceivesagoldmedal,adiploma________asumofmoney.4.Hewasverytiredfromdoingthisforawholeday,________hefeltveryhappy.5.Whichdoyouprefer,folkmusic________popmusic?6.Youmaydoityourself, ____________asksomeonetohelpyou.7.Itwashardwork, ___________theyreallyenjoyedit. 8.Itwasourfirstlesson, ___________ theteacherdidn"tknowallournames.9.Heisshort_________ strong. 10.Thereisnoair__________wateronthemoon.11.Hewenttherebytrain _______ shewenttherebyairplane. 12.Theymadefaces, _________ wealllaughed. 13.Thebabywatched ________listened. 14.Idon"tlikefish, ________ Ilikechicken. 15.Myclassmatesallwenttothepark, _______Ididn"tgo(4)两句之间,如果不是并列句,则很可能是主从句,因此需要填入从属连词(what,which,who,how,
when等)。或者是宾语从句,定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构,分析到底是什么从句,从而选择合适的从属连词从属连词【语法】从属连词分为两大类,即引导状语,定语从句的从属连词和引导名词性从句(主语,宾语,表语,同位语从句)的从属连词。引导名词性从名的从属连词宾语从句宾语可由名词,代词或名词短语或句子来充当。当一个句子充当宾语时,这个句子称为宾语从句1.由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用,没有实在的意义例如:Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.Weallknowthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.众所周知,地球围绕太阳转。(宾语从句)I’msorrythatyoucan’tcome.很遗憾你不能来。(宾语从句)2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如:Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?(宾语)Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.(定语)CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?(表语)Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.(状语)3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如:Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.注意:句子中出现“ornot”时,只用whether4.形式宾语it:如宾语从句后有补语,要用形式宾语it来代替,而将从句放到补语的后面去。
e.g.Hehasmadeitclearthatthemeetingwillnotbehold.【考点总结】1.首先分析句子成分空格前面不含有宾语(双宾语情况除外),则一定为宾语从句2.从句部分是完整的句子则用that,whether,if3.若从句句子成分不完整则根据句意判断是连接代词还是副词(地点,时间,原因,方式)【例题】1.Idon’tknow________Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.He’llhelpuswithourEnglish.2.Becareful!Don’tbreakthebottles.Doyouhear_____Isaid?David?3.Ifind_____importantthatwepracticeEnglisheveryday.4.He asked me ____told me the accident. 5.I hardly understand. _______ he has told me. 6.Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?7.Idon"tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.8.Ihardlyunderstand.___hehastoldme.9.Idon"tknow_____hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.10.Doyouknow____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?定语从句定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如:1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用:1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人,在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语 (1)hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor. (2)ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.【考点分析】首先分析句子,如果空格前面的先行词中做了主语,宾语,定语时,判断为定语从句。最后根据修饰人还是物来选择从属代词。【例题】
1.I still remember the night _______I first came to the house. 2. I’ll never forget the day________ we met each other last week. 3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there. 4. I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family. 5. I’ll never forget the last day______ we spent together. 6. This is the school ______I used to study. 7. Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week? 8. Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition? 9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_____is famous for the West Lake? 10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, ______lies the West Lake? 11. Tom will go to Shanghai,______live his two brothers. 12. I live in Beijing,____is the capital of China. 13. There was a time ______there were slaves in the USA. 14. It is the third time ______you have made the same mistake. 15. It was in the street _____I met John yesterday. 状语从句用来修饰主句中的动词,形容词或副词等而充当状语的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句常用从属连词来引导,与主句连接起来。若置于句末,则前面不加逗号。【辨析】★定语——用来修饰名词或代词。因为它修饰这两种词类,而名词和代词有可以作主语,还可以作表语和宾语,所以定语的位置很灵活,凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。例:Theblackbikeismihne.(black作主语bike的定语)★状语——用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义,常由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词语或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。例:Hediditcarefully.(副词carefully作状语)根据意义和作用,状语从句可分为时间原因条件等几种。下面我们就来分析一下这几种状语从句。1.时间状语从句
一般来说,时间状语从句常由连词when,before,after,assoonas或until引导。IwillgotothecinemaassoonasIfinishmyhomework.我一完成作业就去电影院。WhenIgrowup,Iwilljointhearmy.当我毕业了,我就要去参军。2.条件状语从句条件状语从句常由if(如果)、unless(除非)或aslongas(只要)来引导,同样适用于“主将从现”。如:Wewillstayathomeifitrainstomorrow.如果明天下雨了,我们就会呆在家。Hewon’tcomehereunlessheisinvited.除非被邀请,否则他不会到这儿来的。Aslongasyougivememoney,Iwillgowithyou.只要你给我钱,我就跟你走。3.原因状语从句原因状语从句常由because(因为),since(既然;由于)或as(由于)来引导。在使用时,注意because和so(所以)不能用在同一个句子中。如:Sinceyoucan’thelpme,I’llfindsomeoneelse.既然你帮不了我,那我就找其他人吧。Hefailedtheexambecausehedidn’tworkhard.=Hedidn’tworkhard,sohefailedtheexam.因为他不努力,所以考试没有及格。4.让步状语从句让步状语从句由although或though(虽然;尽管)来引导。注意,在使用时,though或although不能和but不能用在同一个句子中,两者只能用其一。如:Westillworkedinthefieldalthough/thoughitwasraininghard.=Itwasraininghard,butwestillworkedinthefield.尽管天下着大雨,但是我们仍然在地里干活。5.结果状语从句“如此……以致……”的“so...that...”和“such...that...”均可引导结果状语从句,其中的such是形容词,修饰名词;so是副词,修饰形容词或副词,具体的搭配形式是:(1)“so+adj./adv.+that”,“so+adj.(+a/an)+n.+that”;(2)“such(+a/an)(+adj.)+n.+that”。Hespeakssofastthatnoonecancatchhim.他说话太快,无人听得明白。Thereissorapidanincreaseinpopulationthatafoodshortageiscaused.人口增长如此迅速,以致造成了粮食短缺。Ourcountryhassomuchcoalthatshecanexportlargequantities.我们国家的煤炭非常丰富,
可以大量出口。【真题链接】()1.You’lldomuchbetter___a__you’remorecarefulwithyourspelling.A.ifB.beforeC.althoughD.unless(2006陕西)()2.___a__youtoldme,Iheardnothingofwhathappened.A.UntilB.AfterC.IfD.Since(2006潍坊)()3.Idon’tunderstandthetext____d__therearefewnewwordsinit.A.soB.becauseC.ifD.though(2006青岛)()4.Isitinthefrontoftheclassroom______Icanhearclearly.A.sothatB.whenC.inorder(2006青海)()()5.---DidDavidgotoschoolyesterday?---No,______hehadabadcold.A.becauseB.ifC.though(2006佛山)6.Mostpeopleweresleepingwhenthebigearthquaketookplaceinthatarea.【考点总结】如何判断状语从句状语从句就是起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。去掉从属连词,可以明显的发现主从句仍旧是完整的句子。三、【同步测试】
课后作业Morethan30,000driversandpassengers_1_____sitinthefrontofthevehiclearekilledorseriouslyinjuredeachyear.At_2____speedofonly30milesperhourtheforceofimpactisthesameas_3____(fall)fromathird-floorbuilding.Wearingaseatbeltsaves_4_____,itreducesyourchanceofdeathorseriousinjurybymore_5_____half.Therefore,driversorfrontseatpassengersover14inmostvehiclesmustwearaseatbelt.6____youdonot,youwillbefinedupto£50.Itwillnotbeuptothedriver7________(make)sureyouwearyourbelt.Butitwillbethedriver’s8___________(responsible)tomakesurethatchildren9_______14donotrideinthefront10_______theyarewearingaseatbeltofsomekind.