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  • 2022-06-17 15:44:40 发布

初中英语语法专项复习代词档

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 初中英语语法专项复习:代词1.代词的作用  严格地讲,代词是代替名词的,在句子中起名词的作用,可用作:1)主语 例如:Thisisournewhome.这是我们的新家。Whoisonthephone?谁在打电话?  2)宾语例如:Takegoodcareofyourself.多多保重。Weshouldhelpeachother.我们应互相帮助。  3)表语例如:That’snotmine.那不是我的。Whoisit?-It’sme.谁呀?-是我。  4)同位语 例如:Webothliveinthedormitory.我们两人都住宿舍。Heatethemall.他把它们全吃了。  5)呼语例如:Bepatient,everybody. 大家都耐心点。  2.代词的分类 代词通常可分为以下八类:1)人称代词(I,you,he,we等)2)物主代词(our,your,their,his等)  3)反身代词(myself,ourselves,yourself,itself等)4)相互代词(eachother,oneanother)5)指示代词(this,that,these,those等)  6)疑问代词(who,what,which,whose等)7)关系代词(who,that,which,whose等)8)不定代词(both,all,some,any等)二、重点知识归纳及讲解  (一)人称代词 1.人称代词的单数、复数和主格、宾格  第一人称I我mewe我们us  第二人称you你youyou你们you  第三人称he他 she她 it它him her itthey他们 她们 它们them  (二)物主代词 1.物主代词用来表示人和物之间的所有关系,这类代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种,并有不同的人称和单复数之分。2.形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的主要用法区别  1)形容词性物主代词不能独立使用,只作定语,用来修饰后面的名词。例如:Myparentsarebothdoctors.我的父母都是医生。  Wesawafilmyesterday.ItsnamewasSpeed.我们昨天看了一场电影,片名是《生死时速》。  2)名词性物主代词应独立使用,后面不跟名词,相当于形容词性物主代词+名词,它们在句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。例如:  Isthisherpen?No,hersisred.(主语)这是她的钢笔吗?不,她的是红色的。  Let’scleantheirroomfirst,andthencleanours.(宾语)咱们先打扫他们的房间,然后再打扫我们的。  Theselettersarehis.(表语) 这些信是他的。  (三)反身代词  反身代词用来表示反射或强调。1.反身代词的形式  人称一二三  单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself  复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves   反身代词在实际运用中可构成许多常用词组。例如: byoneself亲自foroneself为自己 calloneself称自己teachoneself自学 helponeselfto随意吃loseoneself迷路 speaktooneself自言自语seatoneself就座makeoneselfunderstood让别人懂得自己的意思(四)指示代词表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词,如:this,that,these,those等。英语中指示代词的用法同汉语中的情况相似。this和these一般用来指较近的事物,that和those则指较远的事物。  (五)不定代词不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词的代词。1.不定代词有以下形式:  some,somebody,someone,something,any,anybody,anyone,anything,nobody,nothing,all,both,neither,none,either,each,everybody,everyone,everything,other,another,much,one  2.常见不定代词的用法讲解  1)some和anya.some常用于肯定句,any多用于否定句,疑问句或条件状语从句,两者都可以代替可数或不可数名词。例如:Somesayyesandsomesayno.有的人说是,有的人说不是。Idon’tlikeanyofthem.4 我对他们一个也不喜欢。Doesanyofthemknowthis?他们当中有谁知道吗?  b.如果在提问时期待对方肯定回答,或鼓励别人说yes时,疑问句中的不定代词要用some,不用any。  例如:Wouldyoulikesomeofthetickets? 你想要些票吗?  c.在强调“任何一个”意思的时候,any也可用于肯定句。 例如:  Youcantakeanyofthenewspapershere.你可以拿这儿任何一份报纸。  2)either和neithereither用于肯定,neither用于否定,二者均限于两个个体的情况。  例如: Youcanseetalltreesoneitheroftheriverbanks.在河的两岸你们能看到高大的树。  Neitherofthemwantstoseethefilmwithme.他们两个谁也不想和我去看电影。  3)one和ones(one的复数形式)  one可以指某人,人人或某物,也可以用来代替上文中提及的可数名词,以避免用词的重复。当one指人时,其反身代词为oneself,所有格形式是one’s。例如:  Oneshouldfollowthelaws.人人应该遵守法律。Theoneinredisourmonitor.穿红衣服的那位是我们的班长。Shanghaihasalotofnewbuildings,butitalsohasmanyoldones.上海有很多新的建筑物,也有不少老的建筑物。  4)复合不定代词  复合不定代词是由some,any,no,every同body,one,thing等词构成的代词。复合不定代词都可看作单数,表示“某人”或“某物”,并在句中作主语、宾语或表语。同some和any在用法上的区别一样,some,someone和something一般用于肯定句,anybody,anyone和anything一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。例如:Wewantsomebodytohelpus.我们想要有人来帮助我们。Haveyoufoundanythinghere?你们在这儿发现什么了吗?  Ifanyonecomestovisitus,tellhimwehavegonetothecinema.如果有人来访,就告诉他我们去电影院了。  表示人的复合不定代词后面都可以加’s构成所有格。  例如:Somebody’swallethasjustbeenstolen.有人的钱包刚刚被偷了。  复合不定代词要求后置定语。例如:Wewillhavesomethingimportanttodothisafternoon.今天下午我们有些重要事情要做。  (六)疑问代词  疑问代词是用来构成特殊疑问句的代词,如who,whom,whose,what和which等。 在疑问句中,疑问代词一般都放在句首,并在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。  例如: Whoisyourmathsteacher?(表语)谁是你们的数学老师?Whosebagisthat?(定语) 那是谁的书包?WhoteachesyouEnglish?(主语)谁教你们英语?  Whomareyoutalkingabout?(宾语)你们在谈论谁?(七)相互代词  相互代词是表示相互关系的代词,其形式如下eachother oneanothereachother’s oneanother’s  在当代英语中,eachother和oneanother意思上没有区别,它们在句中可以作宾语,其所有格可以作定语。  (互相)(彼此的)例如: Doyouoftenhelpeachother?你们经常互相帮助吗?Weareinterestedinoneanother’swork.我们对彼此的工作感兴趣。三、随堂监测A组I.选择填空:  1.Thisdictionaryisnothers.It’s_______.A.I        B.me           C.mine             D.my  2.---Isthis______magazine?---No,itisn’t.It’s________.  A.your,her         B.hers,mine         C.yours,hers        D.your,hers  3.Therearetwobooksonthedesk.Oneisamathsbook,_______isanEnglishbook.  A.others           B.other              C.theother         D.another  4._______ofthegirlsplaystenniswell. A.Neither          B.Both              C.All              D.Some  5.Maryspeaksveryquickly._______isdifficulttounderstandwhatsheissaying.  A.That            B.she               C.It                D.There  6.Theschoolwasbuiltbythevillagers_______.  A.us              B.ourselves          C.them              D.themselves  7.Heputafingerinto______mouthandsuckedit. A.hisB.heC.himD.his’s  8.Heisalwaysreadytohelp______. A.anotherB.othersC.theotherD.4 other  9.Let_______dothisexercisemyself. A.himB.herC.usD.me  10.Haveyou_______totellus?A.importantsomethingB.somethingimportant C.importantanythingD.anythingimportant  11.Imetanoldfriendof______on______wayhome.A.mine,myB.my,theC.mine,aD.mine,the  12.______ofthestudentsinourclasshasaticket. A.EveryB.BothC.EachD.All  13.Thereareseveralbooksonthedesk.._____ofthemisEnglish.A.AllB.BothC.NoneD.Neither  14._______liveinShanghai. A.WeB.OurC.OursD.Ourselves  15.---Isthis______jacket?---Yes,it’s_______. A.her,herB.her,hersC.hers,herD.hers,hers  16.---_______isthatboy?---He’smyson.A.WhoB.WhomC.WhatD.Which17._______humans______animalscanlivewithoutair.  A.Both,andB.Neither,norC.Either,orD.Notonly,butalso  18.Theyhavetwenty-sixdesksintheclassroom.Oneisfortheteacher,______areforthestudents.  A.theotherB.otherC.theothersD.others  19.Mydictionaryisinmybag.Whereis_______?A.yoursB.youC.yourselfD.your  20.Ithinkyoucandothejob______. A.yourselfB.myselfC.himselfD.your  21.---WhichjacketisMary’s?---Theredoneis_______. A.sheB.herC.hersD.his  22.Myunclewassoangrythathewasno______whenhefoundIwasbeatinghisdog. A.himB.hisC.himselfD.he  23.Therearemanytreeson______sideofthestreet. A.allB.bothC.everyD.each  24._____isimportantforustokeepthebalanceofnature. A.ThereB.ThatC.ThisD.It  25.Shecan’tfind______watch. A.hersB.itC.herD.it’s  26.Thereis______milkintheglass. A.manyB.littleC.fewD.afew  27.Pleasepass______thecapoftea. A.meB.myC.mineD.I  28.Haveyouheardfrom______recently? A.themB.theyC.themselvesD.their  29.Thereis_____waterinthebottle. A.notB.someC.anyD.many  30.Thereisn’t______foodleftonthetable.A.manyB.fewC.muchD.little  31.Sorry,Ican’tansweryourquestion.Iknow______aboutthenews. A.alittleB.littleC.fewD.afew  32.Thisishisschoolbag,______isonthedesk. A.myB.yoursC.yourD.you  33.Wemadetheradio______.A.usB.ourselvesC.myselfD.our  34.Wouldpleasegiveme______hottea?A.oneB.littleC.someD.any  35.---Wouldyoulikesomemilkinyourtea?---Yes,just_______.A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.few  36.Thisquestionissodifficultthat______studentscananswerit.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle37.Theyhaveonly_________homeworkforSunday.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle  38.Theytoldusabouttheirschoolandwetoldthemabout_______. A.weB.usC.ourD.ours  39.Thisbluesuitlooksbetterthanthegreen________.A./B.oneC.suitsD.ones  40._________isyourfather,aworkerorateacher? A.HowB.WhichC.WhatD.Who四、随堂监测B组中考题集:  1.---Whosepaintingisthis?It’sreallywonderful! ---Oh,it’snot________.It’s_________.  A.hers;yourB.mine;Elsa’sC.yours;he’sD.his;my  2._________ofthetwinswenttowatchPekingOperalastSunday. Theywerestayingathomeallthatday.  A.EitherB.BothC.NeitherD.One  3.TheEnglishnovelisquiteeasyforyou.Thereare__________newwordsinit.  A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.few  4.Thisrulerismine.__________isoverthere. A.SheB.She’sC.HerD.Hers  5.I’lltellyou________newsaboutthesportsmeeting. A.manyB.someC.afew  6.Alltheboyswereverytired,but_______ofthemwouldtakearest. A.allB.neitherC.anyD.none  7.EverydayMr.Huchecks_________homeworkandcorrectsthemistakeswemake. A.hisB.herC.ourD.4 its  8.---Whenshallwemeetagain,thisafternoonortonight?  ---Idon’tmind._________timeisOK.  A.EitherB.EveryC.NeitherD.Both  9.Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisaworker;________isateacher. A.anotherB.otherC.othersD.theother  10.Pass_________theknife,please.Mypencilisbroken. A.IB.meC.myD.mine  11.---Whichdoyouprefer,orangejuiceorcoke? ---_________,thanks.I’dlikejustacupoftea.  A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None  12.Bobcouldn’tbuythedictionarybecausehehad_________moneywithhim. A.afewB.fewC.alittleD.little  13.Thisisnotmydictionary.It’s________. A.herB.hisC.yourD.their  14.---Oh!Icamenahurryandforgottobringfood. ---Nevermind.Youcanhave_________.  A.usB.oursC.youD.yours15.---Thewatchissonice!Isitfor________? ---Yes.Happybirthday.Mary! ---Thankyouverymuch.  A.hisB.meC.myD.hers  16.---MayIuseyourpen?  ---Yes,herearetwoandyoucanuse________ofthem.  A.bothB.everyC.anyD.either  17.---Whosebookisthis?  ---It’s________.  A.myB.mineC.meD.I  18.---HowmanymoreorangescanIhave?  ---Youcanhaveonemore.__________areforTom.  A.TheothersB.AnotherC.OthersD.Theother  19.---CanItalktoyouforaminute,Brain? ---Sure,Ihave_______time. A.afewB.littleC.fewD.alittle  20.TheirEnglishteacherisfromAmerica,but________isfromEngland. A.oursB.myC.yourD.her  21.Annehasason._______nameisEdward. A.HerB.HisC.HersD.Him  22.Thisisn’tmysweater.It’s__________,Ithink. A.sheB.herC.hersD.mine  23.Hurryup!There’s_________timeleft. A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle  24.---CouldIhavesomemilk? ---Certainly.There’s________inthebottle. A.littleB.alittleC.afewD.few  25.Youcan’tseemanyofthestarsintheskybecause__________aretoofaraway. A.theyB.theirC.themD.theirs  26.LeiFengasked_________forreturnwhenhehelpedothers.  A.everythingB.nothingC.anythingD.something  27.---Isityourticket? ---No,_________isinmypocket.It’s________.  A.mine;herB.my;hisC.mine;hersD.my;hers  28.Canyoutellme________sheiswaitingfor? A.whyB.whoseC.whomD.which  29.MissBrownwillteach________Englishnextterm. A.usB.weC.ourD.ours  30.Thereis_________intoday’snewspaper. A.newanythingB.newsomething C.anythingnewD.somethingnew4