初中英语语法现在完成时讲解以及练习题 11页

现在完成时1.构成     现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词have(has)表明事情发生于现在。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词在句子中做谓语，说明句子的含义。2.用法      （1）动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在有某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet等副词修饰。如：       -Haveyouhadlunchyet?    -Yes,Ihave.I"vejusthadit.        你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）      （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。   　　如：Hehastaughtheresince1981              他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）              Ihave"tseenherforfouryears.              我有四年没见到她了。       （3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever,never,threetimes等时间状语。       如：IhavebeentoBeijingtwice.我去过北京二次。3.现在完成时的时间状语      （1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,lastSunday,in1990,threeyearsago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。       a.用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如：Wehavealreadyfinishedourhomework.我们已完成作业了。                          Theyhaven"tfinishedtheirhomeworkyet.他们还没有完成作业。       b.用ever和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如：-HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?你曾经去过长城吗？                -IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我从未去过长城。       c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just,before,uptonow,thepastfewyears等。　　　例如：Ihaveseenherbefore,butIcannotrememberwhere. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。　　　       Hehasbeentherethreetimesthelastfewdays. 近几年他去过那里三次了。        d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now,today,thismorning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Haveyoumethimtoday?-No,Ihaven"t. 今天你见过他吗？我没有。 Howmanytimeshaveyoubeentherethisyear? 今年你去过那里多少次？       （2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：Ihaven"tseenhimfortwoyears. 但是，像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：       arrive→behere                   begin(start)→beon       die   →bedead                   comeback→beback       leave→beaway                   fallill(sick,asleep)→beill(sick,asleep)       getup→beup                      goout    →beout       finish→beover                    puton   →wear或beon       open →beopen                   join      →bein或beamemberof… close →beclosed                 gotoschool→beastudent       borrow →keep                     buy   →have                    catch(acold)→have(acold)  gettoknow→know       begintostudy→study            cometowork→work等如：Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyears.他参军三年了。       Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父亲去世二年了。       Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.电影已开始十分钟了。       WehavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears.我们（开始）学英语已三年了。4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别　　现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：      Ihavelostmynewbook. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）      Ilostmynewbookyesterday.我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）5.几点注意事项      （1）havebeen(to)与havegone(to)的区别：havebeen(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；havegone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）” ，常用于第三人称，前者可与once,never,severaltimes等连用，后者则不能。如：TheyhavebeentoBeijingtwice.他们去过北京两次。HehasgonetoBeijing. 他去北京了。       （2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。　　　如：Itistwoyearssincehisfatherdied.=Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父亲去世已有三年了。       （3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。    如：Ihaven"tleftheresince1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。一、单项选择1.LiHonghas________thearmyfor2years.A.joinedB.beinC.beeninD.joinedin2.Wehavebeenfriendssince______.A.childrenB.fiveyearsC.fiveyearsagoD.fiveyearsbefore3.Mike___________thestoryforamonth.A.hasboughtB.hashadC.hadhadD.hasborrowed4.You______thatquestionthreetimes.A.alreadyaskedB.havealreadyaskedC.alreadyhaveaskedD.askedalready5.ThoseforeignfriendsleftGuangzhou__________.A.sincelastweekB.aweekagoC.foraweekD.sinceaweekago6.I_____atthisschoolfortwoyears.A.amstudyingB.studyC.studiedD.havestudied7.They_________inthecitysincelastsummer.A.liveB.didn’tliveC.havelivedD.live8.Mrs.WanghaslivedinHaikou_________1992.A.sinceB.fromC.afterD.in9.Mr.Black_________Chinasincethesummerof1998.A.hasbeentoB.hasbeeninC.hascometoD.cameto10.Hisfather_______foryears.A.hasdiedB.hasbeendeadC.diedD.dies11.Mary________toseethefilmsbecauseshe__________ittwice.A.won’tgo,sawB.won’tgo,willseeC.won’tgo,hasseenD.didn’tgo,sees12.----Wouldyoulikesomemorefood?----Thankyou.I_______enough.A.willhaveB.havehadC.haveD.had13.______you______England?Yes,it_____abeautifulcountry.A.Will,goneto,wasB.Have,beento,isC.Had,beento,isD.Have,goneto,is14.----_______you_______toBeijing?----No,I______.I______thereearlynextmonth.A.Have,been,haven’t,amgoingB.Had,been,hadn’t,amgoing C.Have,gone,haven’t,wasgoingD.Did,go,didn’t,wasgoing15.---Yousister______toLondontostudyEnglish.Isthattrue?---Yes,she___therefortwomonths.A.hasbeen,hasbeenB.willgo,hasgoneC.gone,willbeD.hasgone,hasbeen16.Hehasacomputerofhisown.He____ittwodaysagoA.boughtB.boughtC.boughtD.hasbought17.—WhereisLiLei?—He___Shanghai.A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.wenttoD.goesto18.He_______hishomeworkandisnowlisteningtomusic.A..finishesB.hasfinishedC.finishD.isfinishing19.David_______Shanghaiformorethanthreemonths.A.cametoB.hasbeentoC.hasbeeninD.hascometo20.---IsyourfatheraPartymember?---Yes,he____thepartythreeyearsago.He_____aPartymemberforthreeyears.A.joined;hasbeenB.hasjoined;hasbeenC.wasjoined;isD.joined;was21.---Whatanicebike!Howlone____you____it?----Justfiveweeks.A.will;buyB.did;buyC.are;havingD.have;had22.I______thisbookforaweek.Ihavetoreturnitnow.A.borrowedB.haveborrowedC.keptD.havekept23.----______yoursister_______inGreenChinaforalongtime?----Yes.Shejoineditfiveyearsago.A.Has;beenB.Have;beenC.Has;joinedD.Have;joined24.---Howlonghaveyou_______fromtheUSA?----Forthreemonths.A.comebackB.returnedC.gobackD.beenback25.I_____thisbookforhalfayear.A.haveboughtB.havehadC.boughtD.had26.Thestudentsaresorrytohearthatfamoussinger_______forayear.A.hasleftB.hasgoneC.hasbeenawayD.hasgoneaway27.---______you______yourhomeworkyet?---Yes,I_____itjustnow.A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;havefinishedD.Will;do;finish28.Thesandstormweather______inBeijingseveraltimesthisyear.A.happenB.happenedC.hashappenedD.havehappened29.---Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?---____lastmonth.A.ForB.UntilC.BeforeD.Since30.He____acoldforthreedays.A.hascaughtB.hashadC.hasgotD.caught31.JimGreen____inChinafortwoyears.A.hascomeB.hasbeenC.hasarrivedD.came 32.Thefilm____forhalfanhour.A.hasbeenonB.hasbegunC.hasn’tbegunD.began33.—Wherehaveyou_______thesedays？—IhavetoBeijingwithmyfriends．A.been；goneB.been；beenC.gone；beenD.gone；gone34．Howlonghaveyou_______thisbook？A.boughtB．borrowedC．hadD．lent35.Wehavelivedhere_______fiveyearsago．A.whenB．sinceC．beforeD．after36．—Ihavewatchedthegame．—When_____you_______it？A．have；watchedB．do；watchC．did；watchD．will；watch37．—HowdoyoulikeBeijing,Mr.Black？—Oh，I_______suchabeautifulcity．A．don"tvisitB．didn"tvisitC．haven"tvisitedD．hadn"tvisited38．MissBrown_______totheGreatWalltwice．A．havebeenB．hasbeenC．havegoneD．hasgone39.HisbrotherhasbeentoStoneForesttwice______hecametoYunnan．A．afterB．beforeC．sinceD．for40．Hisgrandpa_______fortwoyears．A．wasdiedB．hasbeendeadC．wasdeadD．hasdied41．—Haveyouever_______toHaikou？—Yes，I_______therewithmyfamilylastAugust．A．gone；wentB．been；wentC．been；wenttoD．been；wasin42.Hissister______herhometownforthreeyears.She"llreturnnextyear．A．leftB．hasleftC．hasbeenawayD．hasbeenawayfrom以适当形式填空1.I_______already_______(see)thefilm.I_________(see)itlastweek.2.-----_______he________(finish)hisworktoday?------Notyet.3.-----_____you_______(be)toHongKong?----Yes,I________________(be)theretwice.4.-----_______youever________(eat)chocolatesundaes?----No,never.5.Myfather____just________(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.6.Where’sLiMing?He____________(go)totheteacher’soffice.7.Shanghai_______(be)asmalltownhundredsofyearsago.Nowit____(become)alargecity.8.I_____________(work)heresinceI__________(move)herein1999.9.SofarI______________(make)quiteafewfriendshere.10.---Howlong______theSmiths________(stay)here?----Fortwoweeks.11.---I___________(see)thefilm“ChickenRun”. ---Whereandwhen________you_______(see)it?---Lastweek.12.Mary_____already_______(have)hersupper.13.I____________(notwant)toseethefilm.I___________(see)itwithmyparents.We_________(see)itlastSunday.14.---______UncleWang______(mend)theTVyet?---Yes,he______.---When_____he_____it?---Yesterday.15.______you_______(read)today’snewspaperyet?16.They_____already_____(do)theirhomework.Buttheydon’tknowwhat_____(do)next.17.---____you_____(see)thefilmlastnight?---No,I___________(see)itforseveraltimes.18.She____________(be)illforthreedays.19.Myfather___________(buy)abookformeyesterday.He____already_________(pay)fiftyyuanforit.20.She____________(notread)thisbookbefore.21.____youever__________(travel)onatrainbefore?22.---____WeiHua_____(come)yet?---Yes.She_______(come)already.She______(come)justnow.23.---Howlong_____you__________(learn)English?---Formorethantwoyears.24.They_______________(live)inChinasincethey_____(move)toChina.句型转换(每空一词)。1.IhavebeentoMacaubefore.(改为否定句)I______________beentoMacaubefore.2.Hehasn’tcometoschoolbecausehe’sill(就划线部分提问)________________hecometoschool?3.HehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.(就划线部分提问)_________________________________learnedEnglish?4.Iboughtanewbikejustnow.(用just改写)I_______just________anewbike.5.WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.(改为同义句)We______________English________threeyears6.Hehaslivedheresince1999.(就划线部分提问)_______________he_______here?7.Theyhavealreadyfinishedthework.（否定）They____________thework______.8.Myfathergottheretwodaysago.（同义句）Myfather__________________fortwodays.9.Mr.LibegantoteachEnglishinthisschoolin1999.（同义句）Mr.Li________________Englishinthisschoolsince1999. 10.Thefactoryopenedtenyearsago.（同义句）Thefactory_____________________fortenyears.11.Theyhavecleanedtheroomtwicethisweek.(就划线部分提问)____________________they______theclassroomthisweek?12.MyfatherwenttoEnglandin2003and2005.（同义句）Myfather________________England_____.13.JohnleftBeijingthreeyearsago.（同义句）John___________________Beijing_____threeyears.14.Hiscompanyclosedin2003.（同义句）Hiscompany____________________2003.15.Myfatherboughtthecarhalfayearago.（同义句）Myfather____________thecar_______halfayear.16.Wegottoknoweachotherforabout15years.（同义句）We_______________eachother_____about15years.17.Thefilmbegantenminutesago.（同义句）Thefilm__________________________fortenminutes.18.Iborrowedthisbooktwoweeksago.（同义句）I_________________thisbookfortwoweeks.一、单项选择。1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_________what"shappenedtohim.（呼和浩特）　　Ａ.knewＢ.haveknownＣ.mustknowＤ.willknow2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?　　Ａ.alreadyＢ.neverＣ.everＤ.still　3、HaveyoumetMrLi______？　　Ａ.justＢ.agoＣ.beforeＤ.amomentago4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.　　Ａ.iswritingＢ.waswritingＣ.wroteＤ.haswritten5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.　　　—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.　　Ａ.haschanged;wellＢ.changed;good　　Ｃ.haschanged;betterＤ.changed;better　6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.　　Ａ.was;studyingＢ.will;study　　Ｃ.has;studiedＤ.are;studying　7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.　　Ａ.knowＢ.hadknownＣ.haveknownＤ.knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.　　Ａ.willseeＢ.haveseenＣ.sawＤ.see9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.　　—Really?When_____there?　　Ａ.willtheygoＢ.didtheygo　　Ｃ.dotheygoＤ.havetheygone 10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?　　—Yes.I_____itamomentago.　　Ａ.Did;do;finishedＢ.Have;done;finished　　Ｃ.Have;done;havefinishedＤ.will;do;finish11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.　　Ａ.joinedＢ.hasjoinedＣ.wasinＤ.hasbeenin　12、—Doyouknowhimwell?　　—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.　　Ａ.wereＢ.havebeenＣ.havebecomeＤ.havemade　13、—Howlonghaveyou____here?　　—Abouttwomonths.　　Ａ.beenＢ.goneＣ.comeＤ.arrived　14、Hurryup!Theplay__________fortenminutes.　　Ａ.hasbegunＢ.hadbegun　　Ｃ.hasbeenonＤ.began15、It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.　　Ａ.isＢ.hasＣ.willＤ.was16、MissGreenisn"tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.　　Ａ.hasgoneＢ.wentＣ.willgoＤ.hasbeen　17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.　　Ａ.havebeeninＢ.havebeento　　Ｃ.havegonetoＤ.havebeen18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,?A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey19、hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina?A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived20、Hisuncleformorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity一、句型转换。1、Hehasneversurfed,?（改成反意疑问句）2、Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(对划线部分提问)havetheybeenhere?3、Theoldman_________lastyear.Heforayear.(die)（动词填空）4、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同义句转换)Thisfactory________fortwentyyears.5、MissGaoleftanhourago.(同义句转换)MissGao_______________________________anhourago.6、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.（同义句）　Hermother_______thePartythreeyears________. 7、TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.(同义句转换)_______twoyears________theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.8、Thebushasarrivedhere.Itarrivedtenminutesago.(把两个句子合并成一个句子)培优专项训练(十)Ⅰ.单项填空()1.Please________thephonenumberofthatman.A．lookoutB．getoutC．comeoutD．checkout()2.Don"tworryabutus.Weare________children.A．notlongerB．nolongC．notlongD．nolonger()3.________honest,heis________honestboy.A．Being,aB．Being,/C．Tobe,aD．Tobe,an()4.Thesongisverypopular________youngpeople.A．betweenB．amongC．throughD．of()5.Whynotconsider________thehistorymuseum?A．visitB．visitedC．tovisitD．visiting()6.________myopinion,weshouldtrytosavewater.A．OnB．AtC．InD．With()7.Theyplayedtenniswithgreat________.A．interestedB．interestingC．interestsD．interest()8.Weshouldregardourteachers________friends.A．inB．onC．atD．as()9.Sofar,I________aletterfrommyfriend.A．don"tgetB．didn"tgetC．haven"tgotD．won"tget()10.—Haveyou________themovie?—Yes,I________itlastSunday.A．saw,sawB．seen,seenC．saw,seenD．seen,sawⅡ.完形填空Thewholedesert(沙漠)seemedtobeburning.Thesunwasshiningbrightly.Fatherandsonwere1.________thedesert.Theystoppedtodrinksomewaterandrestforseveralminutes.Soontheydrank2.________ofthewaterthattheybrought.Butitwas3.________forthemtogetsome.Afteralongwalk,theywereterriblytiredandthirsty,soeverystepwasvery4.________.Atthispointthefathersawahorseshoeinthesunshineontheyellow5.________thatwasleftbysomedesertpioneer.Thefathersaidtohis6.________“Pickitupnow,foritwillbeuseful.”Thesonlookedatthehugedesertwithadisdainful(轻视的)lookand7.________hishead.Thefathersaidnothing,8.________stoppedtopickupthehorseshoeandmoved on.Finally,they9.________ahouseandthefathergot200sourgrapesbysellingthehorseshoe.Whentheywalkedinthedesertandsufferedthirstonceagain,hisfathertookoutthesourgrapestoeatashewalkedandhedroppedoneonthe10.________whilehewaseating—hissonwouldhavetostoop(弯腰)topickitupeachtimehewantedtoeat.()1.A．crossingB．watchingC．checking()2.A．someB．allC．most()3.A．impossibleB．naturalC．usual()4.A．comfortableB．easyC．difficult()5.A．woodB．sandC．farm()6.A．horseB．pioneerC．son()7.A．washedB．shookC．nodded()8.A．soB．butC．or()9.A．reachedB．builtC．bought()10.A．edgeB．plateC．groundⅢ.阅读理解Whatdopeopledowiththeirold,outofdatebutstillusefulcomputers?Mostpeopledon’tknowwhattodowiththem.Manyoldcomputersareputawayinhomes.Manymorearesimplythrownoutwiththerubbish.Atlast,somecompaniesarethinkingofwaystobringdownthenumberofoldcomputers.Sonyhasagreedtohelprecycleoldsnoyproduct(产品).Dell,HewlettPackardandothercompaniesnowalsotakebacksomeoldcomputers.Insomecountries,lawsarebeingpassed,too.Computercompanieswillhavetocollectandrecycletheiroldproducts.And70%ofcomputerwastemustberecycled.Theideabehindthelawsisthatcomputercompaniesthemselvesshouldpayforit.Thatwillencouragethemtomakecomputersthatarecheapertorepairandupgrade(升级)．Yetwhilemanypeoplearethrowingawaygoodcomputers,otherscan"taffordthematall.Thousandsoforganizationsareworkingtosolvethisproblem.Theycollectandrepairoldcomputers.Somealsoteachothershowtorepaircomputers.Thecomputersthenaregivenawaytoschools,charitiesandpeoplewhoneedthem.Givingausedcomputertooneoftheseorganizationscanturnoneperson"srubbishintootherpeople"susefulthingsandcutdownonwaste,too.()1.Manyoldbutstillusefulcomputersare________bymostpeople.A．soldB．thrownoutC．repaired()2.Whichcomputercompanyisnotmentionedinthepassage?A．SonyB．DellC.IBM()3.Accordingtothelawsinsomecountries,computercompaniesmust________.A．recyclemostoftheircomputerwasteB．recyclealloftheircomputerwasteC．recyclenoneoftheircomputerwest()4.Manyorganizations________. A．tellthecomputercompaniestocollecttheoldcomputersB．collectoldcomputers,fixthemupandgivethemawayC．repairandselltheoldcomputers()5.What"sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Torecycleoldcomputers.B．Toencouragecompaniestomakecheaperproducts.C．Tohelpthosewhohavecomputers.