高中英语语法复习之形容词和副词 5页

高中英语语法复习之形容词和副词一、形容词：表示人和事物的特征，对名词起修饰和描绘作用。e.g.long,empty,cheap,hungry,etc.1、成分：在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分．Heisagoodstudent.（）Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.（）当形容词修饰由some-,any-,no-,every-构成的不定代词时,形容词要放在这些不定代词的之后.e.g.Isthereanythinginterestingintoday’snewspaper?Thetreesturngreeninspring.（）Wearealoneontheisland.（）只能作表语，不能作定语的形容词：aloneafraidawakeasleepaliveable形容词和宾语一起构成复合宾语．Wemustkeeptheclassroomclean.（）Hemadeushappy.（）Colouritgreen.（）Attention:有些单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、timely、brotherly、sisterly、motherlyfatherly等。2、形容词的比较级和最高级词尾变化原级比较级最高级单音节词在词尾加-er(比较级)或-est(最高级)以字母e接尾的词加-r或-sttall、large  以重读闭音节结尾的词末尾只有一个辅音字母应双写辅音字母再加er或estbig、hot、  以辅音字母+y结尾的词变为i再加-er,或-esthappy  少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词可加-er或-estNarrow、  多音节词和多数双音节词在其前面加more和mostdifficult  不规则变化原级比较级最高级巧记Good/wellbetterbest特殊形式比较级共有三对二合一坏病两多并两好little意思不是小一分为二有两个一是老来二是远Bad/illworseworstMany/muchmoremostfarfartherfurtherfarthestfurthestoldOlder/elderoldest/eldest形容词的原级句型：5 1)as+形容词原形+asTomisastallasMike. TomisthreetimesasoldasMike.Thereareasmanystudentsinourschoolasyours. 2)否定notas+形容词原形+as“和…不一样”或notso+形容词原形+as“不及／不如…TomisnotastallasMike.TomisnotsotallasMike. 3)so+形容词原级+that丛句/such+名词＋that丛句Heissobigthathecan’tentertheroomby thedoor.4)…too+原级+todosth.Heistooyoungtojointhearmy.5)形容词原级+enoughtodosth.Thistruckisbigenoughtocarry5tons.形容词比较级的句型：1)比较级+than…Ourschoolislargerthantheirs. Thisbridgeislongerthanthatone. 表示两者之间的选择，可使用“Whichis+比较级，…or…?” Whichislonger,thisoneorthat?2)表示不及另一方时，使用“less+原级+than…”Thisparkislessbeautifulthanthatone. 3)“The+比较级…，the+比较级…”Thesmallerthehouseis,thelessitwillcostustheheat. 4)“…比较级+and+比较级…”Inspring,thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger. 可修饰比较级的词:abit,alittle,rather,much,far,byfar,many,alot,lots,agreatdeal,any,still,even等典型例题:　　　1）---Areyoufeeling____?　　---Yes，I"mfinenow.A.anywell　B.anybetter　C.quitegoodD.quitebetter2）Theexperimentwas____easierthanwehadexpected.　A.more　B.muchmore　C.much　　D.moremuch3）Iftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhave___atschool.　A.thehappiesttime　B.amorehappiertime　C.muchhappiesttime　D.amuchhappiertime注意:no/not+比较级+than的特殊含义•AisnomorecarefulthanB.•A和B两人都不仔细。•AisnotmorecarefulthanB.•A不如B仔细。•more….than…与其说…倒不如说•Itismorelikeawallthanaspear.•Theyaremorelikefatherandsonthanteacherandstudent.•morethan+n./num./adj.•Therearemorethanfiftystudentsinourclass.•Heismorethanateacher;heisourfriend.5 •Sheismorethankindtousall.形容词的最高级：1)倍数的表达Aistwice/threetimes…as+big/tall/high/wide/long+asBAistwice/threetimes…bigger/taller/higher/wider/longer…thanBAistwice/threetimes…thesize/height/width/length…ofB二、副词1、分类：时间副词now,then,today,tomorrow,ago,lately,soon,immediately,often,usually,early地点副词outside,upstairs,anywhere,up,forward,here,there,away,in,back,off方式副词simply,quickly,happily,loudly,suddenly,luckily,again,once,easily,together程度副词very,quite,rather,extremely,completely,widely,partly,perfectly,badly,too疑问副词when,where,why,how（引导特殊疑问句）关系副词when,where,why(引导定语从句)连接副词when,where,why,how(引导名词性从句和副词性从句)其他surely,certainly,really,however,therefore,perhaps,moreover,yes,no2、副词的比较级和最高级副词的比较级和最高级的构成和形容词的比较级和最高级的构成基本相同.e.g.fast-faster-fastestslowly-moreslowly–mostslowly形容记的最高级前要用定冠词the,副词的最高级前可用可不用定冠词the.MountQomolangmaisthehighestintheworld.Jimjumped(the)highestoftheall.频度副词放在动词前，情态动词和助动词之后。Healwaysgoestoschoolonfoot．Shewasoftenlateforschool．IhaveneverbeentoBeijing·易混词语辨析与练习late,later,latest,lately1.The________editionofthedictionaryisfarbetterthanthepreviousones.2.Ifthecabarrives_____,youwillmisstheflight.3.Thisphotoremindsmeofmy___grandfather.4.He’snotbeenfeelingwelljust______.5.In_______autumn,youwillfindthegroundcoveredwithfallenleaves.6.Atfirsthedeniedallguilt,buthe______madeapartialconfession.rather,fairly,quiteItis______thathisEnglishis_____perfect.A.sure;veryB.right;ratherC.exact;fairlyD.certain;quiterather常修饰贬义的词，意为“太过，过于”，用rather意为反感；fairly常修饰褒义的词，意为赞许。e.g.Thisroomisfairlybig/ratherbig.5 quite与表示完全概念的词（right,wrong,perfect,certain,empty,full…)连用时，表示“完全”=completelystill,yet,already1.Theguestsare_____here.Butthemeatisnotready_____.It____hastobecookedforanotherfiveminutes.2.Haveyoufinishedthework__________?Youareveryspeedy.值得熟记下列有关形容词、副词的固定搭配。•①Heisdead/blinddrunk.•②Heiswideawake.•③He’ssound/fastasleep.•④It’sraining/snowingheavily.•⑤Heismoving/breathing/drinkingsmokingheavily.•⑥Thetraffic/Hismoustacheisheavy.值得熟记下列有关形容词、副词的固定搭配。•⑦ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofJapan.•⑧Thepriceofthebookishigh/low.•⑨Thebookisexpensive/cheap.•⑩Johnson"sspeechwasbroadcastliveacrosstheworld.Withviewsbeyondhisageandevenasenseofhumor,JohnsonsoonbecameaninternationalsignofthefightagainstAIDSandHIV.•Johnson的演讲是全球现场直播的。凭着他这个年龄段的观点以及这样的幽默感，Johnson很快变成了一个抵抗艾滋病毒的国际代言人。1.Thebreadis____thanthesecakesA.verydeliciousB.muchdeliciousC.moredeliciousD.asdelicious2.LinTaojumped____inthelongjumpintheschoolsportsmeetingA.farB.fartherC.farthestD.quitefar3.Whentheymetinthehotel.Theytalkedandlaughed______A.happilyB.happyC.happierD.happiest4.Inourcityit’s____inJuly,butitiseven____inAugustA.hotter/hottestB.hot/hotC.hotter/hotD.hot/hotter5.HainanisaverylargeIsland.Itisthesecond______islandinchina.A.largeB.largerC.largestD.mostlargest6.Anelephantis____thanatiger.A.heavyB.veryheavyC.theheaviestD.heavier7.Ahorseis______thanadog.A.muchheavyB.moreheavierC.muchheavierD.moreheavy8.Emmaalwaysmakesalotofmistakes.Sheis_____.A.careB.carefulC.carefullyD.careless9.Whichsubjectis_____,physicsorchemistry?A.interestingB.mostinterestingC.moreinterestingD.themostinteresting10.Heis___enoughtocarrytheheavybox.A.strongB.strongerC.muchstrongerD.thestrongest11.Lileioftentalks___butdoes___soeveryonesaysheisagoodboy.A.less/moreB.few/muchC.more/littleD.little/many12.Whenthefamoussingerstartedtosing,everyonebegantoshoutvery___.A.loudlyB.loudC.heavilyD.high5 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