英语语法倒装句 11页

英语语法倒装句倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种完全倒装和部分倒装。1倒装句之全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和　一般过去时。常见的结构有1)here,there,now,then,thus等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run。Theregoesthebell.Thencamethechairman.Hereisyourletter.2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。Outrushedamissilefromunderthebomber.Aheadsatanoldwoman.注意上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。Herehecomes.　　　　Awaytheywent.2倒装句之部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。　1)　句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,atnotime,innoway,notuntil…等。NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.当Notuntil引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意如否定词不在句首不倒装。Ihaveneverseensuchaperformance.Themotherdidntleavetheroomuntilthechildfellasleep.典型例题　　1)　WhycantIsmokehere?Atnotime___inthemeeting-roomA.issmokingpermitted　　B.　smokingispermittedC.smokingisitpermitted　D.　doessmokingpermit答案A.这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no,little,hardly,seldom,never,notonly,notuntil等。本题的正常语序是Smokingispermittedinthemeeting-roomatnotime.2）Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___whatheatis.A.mandidknow　B.manknow　C.didntmanknow　D.didmanknow答案D.　看到Notuntil…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D中选一个。改写为正常语序为，Mandidnotknowwhatheatisuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19th.现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。3以否定词开头作部分倒装如Notonly…butalso,Hardly/Scarcely…when,Nosooner…thanNotonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.Hardlyhadshegoneoutwhenastudentcametovisither.Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanastudentcametovisither.典型例题Nosooner___thanitbegantorainheavily.A.thegamebegan　　　　　B.　hasthegamebegun C.didthegamebegin　　　D.　hadthegamebegun答案D.以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never,seldom,scarcely,little,few,not,hardly,以及notonly…but(also),nosooner…than,hardly…whenscarcely…when　等等。注意只有当Notonly…butalso连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Notonly…butalso仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。NotonlyyoubutalsoIamfondofmusic.4so,neither,nor作部分倒装表示也、也不的句子要部分倒装。　　　　TomcanspeakFrench.SocanJack.Ifyouwontgo,neitherwillI.典型例题---DoyouknowJimquarrelledwithhisbrother?---Idontknow,_____.A.nordontIcare　　B.nordoIcare　　C.Idontcareneither　　D.Idontcarealso答案B.nor为增补意思也不关心，因此句子应倒装。A错在用dont再次否定，Cneither用法不对且缺乏连词。D缺乏连词。　注意当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为的确如此。TomaskedmetogotoplayfootballandsoIdid.---Itsraininghard.　　　---Soitis.5only在句首要倒装的情况Onlyinthisway,canyoulearnEnglishwell.Onlyafterbeingaskedthreetimesdidhecometothemeeting.如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装Onlywhenheisseriouslyill,doesheeverstayinbed.6as,though引导的倒装句as/though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词,副词,分词,实义动词提前）。注意1)句首名词不能带任何冠词。2)句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,　随实义动词一起放在主语之前。Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.注意让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是though和yet可连用。7其他部分倒装1)　so…that句型中的so位于句首时，需倒装。Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.2)　在某些表示祝愿的句型中Mayyouallbehappy.3)　在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were,had,should等词，可将if省略，把were,had,should移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.典型例题1）Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___whatheatis　　A.mandidknow　B.manknew　C.didntmanknow　D.didmanknow答案为D.　否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。 2）NotuntilIbegantowork___howmuchtimeIhadwasted.　A.didntIrealize　　B.didIrealize　　C.Ididntrealize　D.Irealize答案为B。3)　DoyouknowTomboughtanewcar?Idontknow,___.A.nordontIcare　B.nordoIcare　C.Idontcareneither　D.Idontcarealso解析答案为B.　句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示也不。由so,neither,nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中,so用于肯定句,而neither,nor用在否定句中。完全倒装用法归纳 完全倒装，即将谓语移到主语前。英语中构成完全倒装的情形主要有：1.以here,there,now,then,out,in,up,down,off,away等方向性副词开头的句子，且句子主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。如：Herecomesthebus.公共汽车来了。Nowcomesyourturn.现在该你了。Thencameanewdifficulty.这时又产生了一个新的困难。ThedooropenedandincameMrLi.门开了，李先生进了来。注：若主语为代词，则不用倒装。如(fromwww.yygrammar.com)：Thedooropenedandinshecame.门开了，她走了进来。2.将表语和地点状语(多为介词短语)置于句首加以强调时，其后通常用倒状语序。如：AmongthemwasmyfriendJim.他们当中就有我的朋友吉姆。Aroundthelakearesometalltree.湖的四周有些高树。注：在表语置于句首的倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。完全倒装的四种主要类型 1.here和there位于句首时的倒装表示地点的here和there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come,go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词：Here’sTom.汤姆在这里。There’sJim.吉姆在那儿。Herecomesthebus.公共汽车来了。Theregoesthebell.铃响了。Theregoesthelasttrain.最后一班火车开走了。【注意】(1)以上倒装句中的谓语动词come和go不能用进行时态，即不能说Hereiscomingthebus。(2)若主语为代词，则不倒装：HereIam.我在这儿。/我来了。Hereitcomes.它来了。(3)其中的动词有时也可能是stand,lie,live等表示状态的动词(表示存在)：Therestoodadeskagainstthewall.靠墙放着一张书桌。OnceuponatimetherelivedamanknownbythenameofBeef.从前有个人名叫比夫。 2.away和down等位于句首时的倒装地点副词away,down,in,off,out,over,round,up 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词：Awaywenttherunners.赛跑选手们跑远了。Roundandroundflewtheplane.飞机盘旋着。ThedooropenedandincameMrSmith.门开了，史密斯先生进了来。Downcametherainandupwenttheumbrellas.下雨了，伞都撑起来了。【注意】若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装：Awayhewent.他跑远了。Downitcame.它掉了下来。3.状语或表语位于句首时的倒装为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装：AmongthesepeoplewashisfriendJim.他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。Bythewindowsatayoungmanwithamagazineinhishand.窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。【注意】(fromwww.yygrammar.com)在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较：Intheboxwasacat.箱子里是一只猫。Intheboxweresomecats.箱子里是一些猫。 4.分词和不定式置于句首的倒装有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装：Buriedinthesandswasanancientvillage.一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。Standingbesidethetablewashiswife.站在桌旁的是他的妻子。Tobecarefullyconsideredarethefollowingquestions.下列问题要仔细考虑。英语部分倒装用法归纳 1.否定副词位于句首时的倒装在正式文体中，never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely,nosooner,nolonger,nowhere等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首，则其后要用部分倒装：Ishallneverforgivehim./NevershallIforgivehim.我永远不会宽恕他。Heseldomgoesoutfordinner./Seldomdoeshegooutfordinner.他很少出去吃饭。Shehardlyhastimetolistentomusic./Hardlydoesshehavetimetolistentomusic.她几乎没时间听音乐。Helittlerealizeshowimportantthismeetingis./Littledoesherealizehowimportantthismeetingis.他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。Wehadnosoonerreachedtheairportthantheplanetookoff./Nosoonerhadwereachedtheairportthantheplanetookoff.我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。【注意】(1)对于not…until句型，当notuntil…位于句首时，其后的主句要用倒装语序：Hedidn’tleavetheroomuntiltherainstopped./Notuntiltherainstoppeddidheleavetheroom.雨停了之后他才离开这房间。(2)某些起副词作用的介词短语，由于含有否定词，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒装：Onnoaccountsmustthisswitchbetouched.这个开关是绝不能触摸的。In[Under]nocircumstanceswillIlendmoneytohim.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。但是，innotime(立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序：Innotimeheworkedouttheproblem.他马上就算出了那道题。  2.“only+状语”位于句首时的倒装当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时，其后用部分倒装语序：Onlythendidherealizethathewaswrong.到那时他才意识到他错了。Onlyinthiswayareyouabletodoitwell.你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。Onlywhenhereturnedhomedidherealizewhathadhappened.当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。 3.“so+adj./adv.”位于句首时的倒装副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后用部分倒装：Socoldwastheweatherthatwehadtostayathome.天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。Sofastdoeslighttravelthatwecanhardlyimagineitsspeed.光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。Sosuddenwastheattackthatwehadnotimetoescape.袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。4.“so+助动词+主语”倒装当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构：YouareyoungandsoamI.你年轻，我也年轻。ShelikesmusicandsodoI.她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。Ifhecandoit,socanI.要是他能做此事，我也能。【注意】(fromwww.yygrammar.com)(1)若前面提出某一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将其中的so改为neither或nor：Youaren’tyoungandneitheramI.你不年轻，我也不年轻。Shehasn’treaditandnorhaveI.她没有读它，我也没有读。(2)注意该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别："Itwascoldyesterday.""Soitwas."“昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”"Father,youpromised.""Well,soIdid."“爸爸，你答应过的。”“嗯，是答应过。” 5.由notonly…butalso引出的倒装当notonly…butalso位于句首引出句子时，notonly后的句子通常用部分倒装形式：Notonlyisheateacher,butheisalsoapoet.他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。Notonlydidhespeakmorecorrectly,buthespokemoreeasily.不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。 6.虚拟条件句的省略与倒装当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had,were,should等时，如将if省略，则要将had,were,should等移到主语前，构成倒装句：Hadyoucomeyesterday,youwouldhaveseenhim.若你昨天来，你就会见到他了。Shouldyourequireanythinggivemearing.如果需要什么，可以给我打电话。Wereitnotforyourhelp,Iwouldstillbehomeless.要不是你帮助，我会仍然无家可归。【注意】省略if后提前的had不一定是助动词：HadImoney,Iwouldbuyit.假若我有钱，我就会买它。倒装练习1.Onlywhenyouhaveobtainedsufficientdata______cometoasoundconclusion.a.canyoub.youcanc.wouldyoud.youwould 2.______thatthisregionwassorichinnaturalresources.a.Littleheknewb.Littledidheknowa.Littlehedidknowd.Littlehehadknown3.Neveragain______politicalofficeafterhis1928defeatforthepresidency.a.AlfredE.Smithseriouslysoughtb.seriouslyAlfredE.Smithsoughtc.whendidAlfredE.Smithseriouslyseekd.didAlfredE.Smithseriouslyseek4.Onlyinrecentyears______beguntorealizethatwilddogs,keptwithinbounds,oftendomoregoodthanharm.a.peoplehaveb.sincepeoplehavec.havepeopled.peoplewhohave5._______,wewerenotgoingtomakeanyconcessionstohisunreasonabledemands.a.Whatmaycomeb.Comewhatmayc.Maywhatcomed.Whatcome6.NotuntilIshoutedatthetopofmyvoice______hishead.a.thatheturnedb.didheturnc.hedidn’tturnd.hehadturned7.______receivedlawdegreesastoday.a.Neversowomenhaveb.Thewomenaren’teverc.Womenwhohaveneverd.Neverhavesomanywomen8.Heatdoesnottravelbyconvectioninsolid,becausethesoliddoesnotmove,______.a.sodoesaliquidb.soaliquiddoesc.asdoesaliquidd.soisaliquid9.Onnoaccount______toanyone.a.mynamemustbementionedb.mustmynamementionc.mustmynamebementionedd.mynamemustmention10.______thattheymayeventuallyreducetheamountoflaborneededonconstructionsitesby90percent. a.Suchconstructionrobotsarecleverb.Soclevertheconstructionrobotsarec.Socleveraretheconstructionrobotsd.Suchcleverconstructionrobotsare11.______dowegoforpicnics.a.Certainlyb.Sometimesc.Seldomd.Once12.______isitonlytheignorantandill-educatedpersonwhohassuchfaithinthebottleofmedicine.a.Eitherb.Oftenc.Nord.Usually13.Heranswerisnotacceptable,and______.a.neitheramIb.eitherisminec.neitherismined.mineisneither14.______,Imustdoanotherexperiment.a.Beiteversolateb.Itiseversolatec.Itbeeversolated.Solateitbeever15.Sofast______thatitisdifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.a.lighttravelb.travelsthelightc.dolighttraveld.doeslighttravel16.Asneezecannotbeperformedvoluntarily,______beeasilysuppressed.a.noritcanb.norcanitc.itcannotd.andcannotit17.______notebookandreportthatIpromisedyoulastweek.a.Hereistheb.Herearethec.Isherethed.Areherethe18.______alittlemoretimetothink,hemighthaveactedmoresensibly.a.Ifhetookb.Ifhehastakenc.hadhetakend.Shouldhetake19.Beneathourfeet______thatourlifedependsonforfoodandclothing. a.theearthlayb.theearthliesc.lietheearthd.liestheearth20.______thebeginningofthe19thcenturydidscientistsknowthatallmatterismadeupofatoms.a.Atb.Byc.Uptod.Notuntil21.Hardly______hegotoutofthecourt______thereportersraisedalotofquestionstohim.a.had…whenb.had…thanc.did…whend.has…than22.Amongthesebooks______adictionarythathisfathergavehimasabirthdaypresent.a.haveincludedb.isincludedc.hasincludedd.areincluded23.Nolongerarecontributionstocomputertechnologyconfinedtoanyonecountry;______isthismoretruethaninEurope.a.nowhereb.hardlyc.littled.seldom24.Important______hisdiscoverywas,itwasregardedasamatterofnoaccountinhistime.a.tob.forc.asd.although25.Accordingtotheperiodictable,______stillsomeelementsundiscovered.a.thereseemtobeb.itseemsc.itseemstobed.hereseems26.Here______youwanttosee.a.themanagercomesb.comesthemanagerc.comesamanagerd.iscomingamanager27.Barrycanhardlydriveacar,______.a.socan’tMollyb.can’tMollyeitherc.Mollycan’ttood.neithercanMolly28._______fortheleadershipoftheParty,weshouldnothavesucceeded.a.Hadnotitbeenb.Haditnotbeenc.Therewasd.Isthere29.______noairorwater,therewouldbenolifeintheworld. a.Werethereb.Therearec.Therewasd.Isthere30.Notonly______thedatafedintoit,butitcanalsoanalyzethem.a.thecomputercanmemorizeb.canthecomputermemorizec.dothecomputermemorized.canmemorizethecomputer31.Notonce______hisviewoflife.a.didthegentlemanmentionb.thegentlemanmentionedthatc.thegentlemanmentionedd.doesgentlemanmentioned32.Bynomeans______theirownlanguagewell.a.itistruethatallEnglishpeopleknowb.isittruethatdoallEnglishpeopleknowc.itistruethatdoallEnglishpeopleknowd.isittruethatallEnglishpeopleknow33.Themoleculesofgasesmovemorefreelythan______.a.doliquidsandsolidsb.liquidsandsolidsdoc.dothoseofliquidsandsolidsd.thosedoofliquidsandsolids34.Theworld’sbirthratesareonadeclineand______arethedeathrates.a.sob.alsoc.tood.thesame35._____isthevolumeofchemicalgoods.a.Constantlygrowingtoob.Tooconstantlygrowingc.Growingconstanttod.Toogrowingconstant36.Manyatime_______mewithmyEnglishstudy.a.havehehelpedb.hashehelpedc.hehavehelpedd.didhehavehelped37.Typicalofthenewtypeofyoungpeople______,whosetashiningexampletothewholenation.a.wasLeiFengb.WereLeiFengc.LeiFengwasd.LeiFengwere 38.WhatMr.Smithdidwasimportant,but______.a.moreimportantthewayofhedidthingswasb.thewayofhedidthingswasmoreimportantc.moreimportantwasthewayhedidthingsd.moreimportantthewaywerehedidthings39.Shedidn’twanttobuyit,______.a.howevergoodwasitb.howevergooditwasc.forhowgoodmightitbed.forhowgooditmightbe40.______,itisalwayspossibletofindoutitsvolume.a.Whatevertheshapeofabodymaybeb.Theshapeofabodymaybewhateverc.Maywhatevertheshapeofabodybed.Whatevermaytheshapeofabodybe41.Iwon’tpay$20forthecoat;it’snotworth______.a.allthatmuchb.thatmuchallc.thatallmuchd.muchallthat42.Hotairaccompaniedbyhighrelativehumidityfeelswarmerthan______.a.isitactuallyb.itactuallyisc.actuallyitisd.actuallyisit43.Qingdaoisusuallycoolinsummer,butNanjing______.a.israrelyb.scarcelyisc.hardlyisd.rarelyis44.David,somethingimportanthashappened.Iwishto______.a.talkitoverwithyoub.talkoveritc.talkoverd.talkyouoverit45.______,morethan200housesandbuildingsareheatedbysolarenergy,nottomentionthebigcitiesintheregion. a.Aloneinthesmalltownb.Inthesmallalonetownc.Inthesmalltownaloned.Inthealonesmalltown46.Geysersarefoundnewnearriversandlakes,wherewaterdrainsthroughthesoil______.a.surfacebelowthedeepb.deepbelowthesurfacec.thedeepbelowsurfaced.thedeepsurfacebelow47.Thewallflower______becauseitsweakstemsoftengrowonwallsandalongstonycliffsforsupport.a.socalledisb.soiscalledc.issocalledd.calledisso48.Thehistoryofpaintingisafascinationchainofevensthatprobablybeganwith______.a.evermadetheveryfirstpicturesb.theevermadeveryfirstpicturesc.theveryfirstevermadepicturesd.theveryfirstpicturesevermade49.Onthesideofthehill,thereis______whichwasoncetheentrancetoagoldmine.a.adeepholeingroundb.aholedeepingroundc.adeepholeinthegroundadeepinthegroundhole50.Willtheboywhohastakenmypenbrine______.a.backtomeb.itbacktomec.backittomed.ittomebackAnswers:abdcbbdccccccadbbcddabacabcbabadcaabacbaabdacbcdcb