三级英语语法定语从句 3页

定语从句定语从句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。　　关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。　　关系副词有：when,where,why等。重点掌握：1．判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：　ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.　I"llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.　判断：　（错）ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.　（错）IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.　（对）Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.　（对）I"llneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.　　习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where,when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysage?　A.where　B.that　C.onwhich　D.theone（答案：D）例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld.　A.where　　B.that　C.onwhich　　D.theone（答案：A）　　关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语)。2．介词+关系词1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。如：ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?3．as,which引导非限定性定语从句由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。如： Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone"shealth.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.　　例题　1）Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise.A.it　B.that　C.which　　D.he（答案：C）2）Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.what　B.which　C.that　D.it（答案：B）3）Itrainedhardyesterday,____preventedmefromgoingtothepark..A.that　B.which　　C.as　D.it（答案：B）　　as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：(1)as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。(2)as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。As的用法看下列例句：例1.Ihavegotintothesametroubleashe(has).thesame…as；such…as中的as是一种固定结构,和……一样……。例2.　　(1)Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone"shealth.(as作know的宾语)(2)Asisknown,smokingisharmfultoone"shealth.(as充当从句的主语)As是关系代词,可引导非限制性从句。As表“正如”。4．先行词和关系词二合一1)Whoeverspitsinpublicwillbepunishedhere.　(Whoever可以用anyonewho代替)2)Theparentswillusewhattheyhavetosendtheirsontotechnicalschool.　(what可以用allthat代替)5.关系代词that的用法1）不用that的情况（1）在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.（2）介词后不能用。　Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.　Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.2）只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况（1）在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。（2）在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。（3）先行词有theonly,thevery修饰时，只用that。（4）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.（5）先行词既有人，又有物时。举例：Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil. 所需的只是供油问题。Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.　那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。定语从句练习1.Isthereashoparound_______Icangetapackofcigarettes?A.whichB.whereC.thatD.what2._______humanbeingsliveingreatnumbers,thewatersareverylikelytobepolluted.A.ThatB.WhereC.WhyD.But3.Itwasinthesmallhouse_____wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather_____hespenthischildhood.A.which;thatB.that;whereC.which;whichD.that;which4.--_______yougottoknowmytelephonenumber?–Throughafriendofyours.A.HowwasitB.WhatwasitC.HowwasitthatD.Whatwasitthat5.WhenItrytofind_____thatpreventssomanypeoplefromtakingpartintheprogram,itseemstomethattherearetwomaincauses.A.whatitisB.whatitdoesC.whyitdoesD.whyitis6.John’sparentskepttellinghimtogiveupsmoking,but_____didn’thelp.A.heB.itC.whichD.who7.Theyhaveasonandtwodaughters,____liveinthiscity.A.allofthemB.bothofthemC.everybodyofwhomD.allofwhom8.Theyhaveasonandtwodaughters,and____liveinthiscity.A.allofthemB.bothofthemC.everybodyofwhomD.allofwhom9.Mr.Smithwassoangrythathekickedachairandbrokeoneofitslegs,____wasratherfunny.A.不填B.itC.thatD.which10._____,thesailorsreturnedtwentydayslater,ill,tiredandunhappy.A.ItisreportedthatB.AsisreportedC.WhichisreportedD.Whatisreported11._____thesailorsreturnedtwentydayslater,ill,tiredandunhappy.A.ItisreportedthatB.AsisreportedC.WhichisreportedD.Whatisreported12.Thefact_____shedoesn’tknowtheresultoftheexaminationisclear.A.thatB.whichC.不填D.aboutwhich