初中英语语法讲解-形容词 5页

授课讲义形容词形容词是用来表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的一种词类，它用于形容词或修饰名词或者代词对名词或者代词加以说明或限制，在句子中科做表语，定语等。一般放在所修饰的名词前，表示名词的特点和属性。也可用于BE动词后，表示事物的状态。形容词的用法1）在句中作定语，放在名词前：Sheisagoodstudent,andsheworkshard.Thisisaredbag.2）句子中作表语,放在连系动词后面：Thisbikeisexpensive.Iamsorry,I"mbusynow.Thisproblemisveryimportant.注：①连系动词包括：be,become,go,get,turn,grow,come,look,sound(听起来),taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来),feel,appear,seem(似乎)。其中go,get,turn,grow,come表示“变得”的意思。例：Lucybecamefamous.Inautumn,leavesturnyellow.Insummer,meatiseasytogobad.Herdreamfinallycametrue.Thisideasoundsverygreat.Thesouptastesverydelicious.Theseflowerssmellverynice.Aftertakingthemedicine,Peterfeltbetter.②英语单词中,something,anything,nothing等不定代词被形容词修饰时,形容词放在名词后面。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.我有重要的事要告诉你。Isthereanythinginterestinginthefilm.电影里有什么有趣的内容吗？Thereisnothingdangeroushere.这儿一点都不危险。3）多个形容词修饰名词的排列顺序当有两个以上的形容词用来修饰一名词时，其顺序如下：限定词（冠词，物主代词，指示代词，不定代词）→数词（序数词，基数词）→描绘性形容词→外观性形容词（大小、长短、形状、新旧、年龄、颜色）→表属性的形容词（包括国籍等专有名词）→表本质的形容词（材料，性质，用途）+名词，如：atableàabeautifultableàabeautifulbigtableàabeautifulbigroundtableàabeautifulbigroundnew5 tableàabeautifulbigroundnewFrenchtableàabeautifulbigroundnewFrenchhogany(桃花心木)table.arestaurantàalargerestaurantàalargeChineserestaurantachairàaconformablechairàaconformablelargechairàaconformablelargeleather(皮)chair巧记忆口诀：大哥限描大，二哥形龄颜，小弟籍物类形容词的比较级和最高级绝大多数形容词有三种形式:原级,比较级和最高级,以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上变化的。分为规则变化和不规则变化。规则变化:构成变化例子单音节和部分双音节形容词加-er和-estlong–longer–longestsmall–smaller–smallestwide–wider–widesthard–harder–hardest少数以-y,-er,-ow,-le结尾的双音节形容词加-er和-estclever–cleverer–cleverestnarrow–narrower–narrowestsimple–simpler–simplest以“辅音字母+-y结尾的形容词变y为i,加-er和-estdirty–dirtier–dirtiesteasy–easier--easiest以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词双写该辅音字母然后再加-er和-estbig–bigger–biggest多数双音节词、三音节词或更多音节的词只需在前加more,mostcareful–morecareful–mostcarefulinteresting—moreinteresting–mostinterestingimportant–moreimportant–mostimportantbeautiful–morebeautiful–mostbeautiful不规则变化:原级比较级最高级goodbetterbestbadworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther(具体)/further(抽象)farthest/furthestoldolder/elder(elder只能做定语)oldest/eldest5 形容词原级、比较级、最高级的用法1）形容词原级的用法  原级用于两者同级的比较。  肯定句：  A+动词+as+原级+as+BTomisastallasJim.  否定句：  A+动词+notas(so)+原级+as+BTomisnotsotallasJim.  疑问句：  Be+A+as+原级+as+B?IsTomastallasJim?2）形容词的比较级的用法分别以下列形式出现在句子当中：1.比较级+than…Lucyisolderthanme.2.moreandmore…Sheismoreandmorebeautiful.Whenspringcomes,itgetswarmerandwarmer.3.Themore…,themore…Thericheracountryis,thebetterthepeople’slifewillbe.国家越富，人民的生活就越好。在形容词的比较级前面可以用much,even,或alittle等修饰如：Lucy’sdressismuchcheaperthanyours.It’smuchcolderhereinFebruarythaninMarch.JapanisalittlelargerthanGermany.Thepotteryismoreexpensivethananyotherpottery.3）形容词最高级的用法形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较,其结构形式为:　主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句(of/in)注意：in+范围，场所    of+复数（与主语同一类的人或事物）Heisthetallestboyinourclass.Lucyistheyoungestgirlofthethreegirls.4)比较级和最高级的相互转化。Lucyisthetallestgirlintheclass.àLucyistallerthananyothergirlintheclass.5 实践评估1.Ihavean_______book.Doyouwanttoreadit?A.goodB.interestingC.newD.boring2.Havesomemilk,cheeseandfisheveryday.Theyare______forus.A.badB.wellC.helpD.good3.LiMingis______atEnglish.Hecan’tpasstheexam.A.goodB.poorC.hardD.easy4.Samis153cm______andhewillbe30cm_______.A.tall...tallB.taller...tallerC.tall...tallerD.taller...tall5.Heisas_______ashisclassmate.A.tallB.youngerC.tallerD.shorter6.Iam_______torideabicycle.A.enougholdB.oldenoughC.enoughyoungD.youngenough7.Myteacheris_______today.Sheisinbed.A.wellB.goodC.illD.easy8.Isthere________withthiscomputer?A.wrongsomethingB.wronganythingC.anythingwrongD.somethingwrong9.Wehaven’tgot_______vegetables.Let’sgoandbuysome.A.someB.enoughC.muchD,a10.Thisboxis______thatone.A.heavythanB.soheavythanC.heavierasD.asheavyas11.Thisbookis______thatone,but______thanthatone.A.asdifficultas;expensiveB.asmoredifficultas;moreexpensiveC.asdifficultas;moreexpensive      D.moredifficultas;asexpensive12.Thesechildrenare______thisyearthantheywerelastyear.A.moretallB.moretallerC.verytallerD.muchtaller13.Itwasveryhotyesterday,butitis______today.A.evenhotterB.morehotterC.muchmorehotD.muchhot14.Whichis______country,ChinaorJapan?A.thelargeB.thelargerC.largerD.largest15.Ofthetwocups,hebought______.A.thesmallerB.thesmallestC.smallD.smaller16.Whichdoyoulike______,teaorcoffee?A.wellB.betterC.bestD.most17.Ihavegot________inmystampalbum.A.manynewshortnewgreenAmericanstampsB.manyniceshortnewgreenAmericanstampsC.manyshortnewgreenChinesenicestamps18.Whojumped______ofall?5 A.farB.fartherC.farthestD.themostfar1.LiLeiis______studentinourclass.A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.thetallest2.Whichmonthis______,June,JulyorAugust?A.hotB.hotterC.hottestD.thehottest3.Mike,Ihave______totellyou.A.importantsomethingB.importantanythingC.somethingimportant D.anythingimportant4.My______brotheristhreeyears______thanI.A.elder,elderB.older,oldestC.elder,olderD.older,elder5.Thesongsounds______.A.sweetB.nicelyC.wellD.moved6.______shouldstudyhardfortheirwork.A.YoungB.TheyoungmanC.TheyoungD.Theyounggirl7.Insummereggswillgo______easily.A.terriblyB.terribleC.badlyD.bad8.Jimdoesmorningexerciseseveryday,sohelooksvery______.A.tiredB.goodC.wellD.happy9.Thedayisbrightand______.Let’sgoforawalk.  A.sunny B.dark C.cloudy D.windy10.Mobilephonesareverypopularnowandtheyare______thanbefore. A.cheapB.cheaperC.cheapestD.thecheapest11.—Wespentallourmoneybecausewestayedatthemostexpensivehotelintown. —Whydidn’tyoustayat_____one?  A.acheapB.acheaperC.thecheapD.thecheaper12.Theharderwework,the______resultwewillget.A.fasterB.fewerC.betterD.thecheapest5