【5A文】小学英语语法总结及练习.ppt 48页

小学英语语法总结及练习 1.口诀：我用am,你用are,is用在他她它，复数全用are。2.肯定句：IamSarah.Heisateacher.Sheisintheroom.Itisadog.Myhairislong.Wearefamily.Theyarefriends.Hereyesaresmall.1.Be动词的用法 3.否定句：IamnotSarah.I"mnotSarah.Heisnotateacher.Sheisnotintheroom.Itisn"tadog.Myhairisn"tlong.Wearenotfamily.Theyarenotfriends.Hereyesaren"tsmall.4.一般疑问句：AmISarah?Yes,youare.No,youaren"t.IssheSarah?Yes,sheis.No,sheisn"t.Aretheyfriends?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren"t.Be动词的用法 用am,is,are填空1.I______aboy.______youaboy?No,I_____not.2.Where_____yourmother?She______athome.3.______yourbrotherintheclassroom?4.MikeandLiuTao______atschool.5.Themanwithbigeyes_______ateacher.6.Whosebook______this?7.______thesebooksSarah"s?Be动词的用法 1．人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前，宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2．物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。2.人称代词和物主代词 人称代词物主代词主格（句首做主语）宾格（句尾做宾语）形容词性（名首做主语）名词性（句尾做宾语）Imemymineyouyouyouryourshehimhishissheherherhersitititsitsweusourourstheythemtheirtheirs人称代词和物主代词 人称代词物主代词主格（句首做主语）宾格（句尾做宾语）形容词性（名首做主语）名词性（句尾做宾语）Imineyourhisherititsweoursthemtheirs人称代词和物主代词 一.用所给词的适当形式填空1.Isthis_______watch?(you)No,it"snot_______.(I)2.Thatisnot_________book.Thatbookisverysmall,but________isverybig.(I)3.Thebookis______.Giveitto______.(you)4.Ihaveabeautifulcat._________nameisMimi.Thesecakesare_________.(it)人称代词和物主代词 5.______ismybrother.________nameisJack.Look!Thosebooksare_________.(he)6._____sisterisill.Pleasegoandget_______.(she)7.Whereare_________?Ican"tfind________.Let"scall________parents.(they)8.Can______havealookatthatclassroom?Thatis_______classroom.(we)9.___don"tknowhername.Wouldyoutell___.(we)人称代词和物主代词 3.名词复数规则1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2．以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,watch-watches.3.黑人，英雄，土豆，西红柿变复数后面加es，其他以o结尾的单词变复数后加s,如：photo-photos,hero-heroes,negro-negroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes.4．以“辅音字母y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：day-days,family-families.5．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：knife-knives，leaf——leaves. 5．不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teethfish-fish,deer-deer,sheep-sheep,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese.名词复数规则 练习：写出下列各词的复数book_________bag_______potato_________tomato_______photo_______box_________dress________bus__________peach________sandwich______dish_________tooth_________名词复数规则 diary________day_________strawberry_____family________leaf_______knife_______tooth_________foot_________sheep_________people________man_________woman_______child_________deer_________Chinese_________Japanese_______名词复数规则 4.动词三单的变化规则当主语为第三人称单数（he,she,it等）时，谓语动词需变成三单结构。1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks.2．以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes.3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：stay-stays,study-studies.4.have变成has,do变成does. 练习:一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink________   make________look_________have_______        plant_______come________go_______ watch______fly________  stay________ study_______  carry____  brush________   teach_______pass_______guess_______动词三单的变化规则 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.2.SuHaiandSuYang_______(have)eightlessonsthisterm.3.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.4.She_______(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.动词三单的变化规则 用括号内动词的适当形式填空。5.LiuTao_______(play)sportsto_____(stay)healthy.Thechildoften6._______(fly)kitesonSundays.7.Mike_______(like)cooking.8.－Whatday_______(be)ittoday?－It"sSaturday.动词三单的变化规则 1、therebe句型与have(has)的区别：therebe（is，are）表示在某地有某物（或人），主语是某地；have(has)表示某人拥有某物，主语是某人。2、在therebe句型中，be动词的形式根据离be动词最近的那个名词决定，如果是单数，be动词用is;如果是复数，be动词用are。Thereisabookandthreepens.Therearethreepensandabook.3.have,has：主语是第一、二人称，或者复数，用have.主语是第三人称单数，用has。Ihaveabook.Hehasabook.5.Therebe句型与have,has的区别 5、否定句，一般疑问句的区别：Thereisn"tabookandthreepens.Therearen"tthreepensandabook.Ihaven"tabook.Hehasn"tabook.Isthereabookandthreepens?Aretherethreepensandabook?Doyouhaveabook?Doeshehaveabook?6.Therebe句型与have,has的区别 6.肯定句中出现some或and，在否定句或疑问句中要分别变成any,or。7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：Howmany+名词复数+arethere+介词短语？Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语？Therebe句型与have,has的区别 练习：Fillintheblankwith“have,has”or“thereis,thereare”1.I________agoodfatherandagoodmother.2.Whatdoyou___________?3.They___________anicegarden.4._____________somemapsonthewall.5.______________amapoftheworldonthewall.Therebe句型与have,has的区别 练习：Fillintheblankwith“have,has”or“thereis,thereare”6.WhatdoesMike___________?7.Myparents_________astory-book.8.Howmanystudents____________intheclassroom?9.Howmuchwater____________onthedesk?Therebe句型与have,has的区别 一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：Theskyisblue.2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.3.表示客观现实。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.一般现在时的构成1.be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：Iamaboy.2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：WestudyEnglish.3.当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：MarylikesChinese.6.一般现在时 一般现在时的变化1.be动词的变化。否定句：主语+be+not+其它。如：Heisnotaworker.一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它。如：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I"mnot.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Whereismybike?一般现在时 2.行为动词的变化。否定句：主语+don"t(doesn"t)+动词原形(+其它)。如：Idon"tlikebread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn"t构成否定句。如Hedoesn"toftenplay.一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如：-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon"t.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：-Doesshegotoworkbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn"t.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?一般现在时 一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.3.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?6.What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays?7._______yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday?8.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.9.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.10.There________(be)somewaterinthebottle.一般现在时 二、按照要求改写句子。1.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句)_________________________________________2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)__________________________________________________________________________________3.Amylikesplayingcomputergames.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)__________________________________________________________________________________一般现在时 对划线部分提问。4.Johnliketakingphotosintheparkeverymorning._______________________________________________5.Johnliketakingphotosintheparkeverymorning._______________________________________________6.Johnliketakingphotosintheparkeverymorning._______________________________________________7.Johnliketakingphotosintheparkeverymorning._______________________________________________一般现在时 三、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)1.IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?________________________________2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?__________________________________3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass._____________________________________4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish._____________________________________5.Shedon’tdoherhomeworkonSundays._____________________________________一般现在时 1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing。I"mreadingnow.Heisdoinghishomeworknow.3．现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。Heisn"tdoinghishomeworknow.4．现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。Ishedoinghishomeworknow?5．现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词ing?Whatishedoingnow?但疑问词当主语时其结构为：特殊疑问词+be+动词ing?Whoisreadingnow?7.现在进行时 1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting3．假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running,stop-stopping动词加ing的变化规则 一、写出下列动词的现在分词：play________run__________swim________make_________go_________like________write________read________have_________sing________dance________put_________动词加ing的变化规则 写出下列动词的现在分词：love_________live_______take_________come________get_________stop_________sit________begin________see________buy_________listen_______visit_______动词加ing的变化规则 用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.Theboy_________(draw)apicturenow.2.ListenSomegirls__________(sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother_________(cook)somenicefoodnow.4.What_____you______(do)now?5.Look!They______(have)anEnglishlesson.现在进行时 6.They__________(not,water)theflowersnow.7.Look!Thegirls__________(dance)intheclassroom.8.Whatisourdaughterdoing?She_________(listen)tomusic.9.It"s5o"clocknow.We__________(have)suppernow.10.______Helen______(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.现在进行时 一、一般将来时的概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon，thedayaftertomorrow（后天）等。二、基本结构：①begoingto+do；②will+do.三、否定句：在be动词（am,is,are）l后加not，变成amn"t,isn"t,aren"t.或情态动词will后加not变成won’t。例如：I’mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.→I’mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.四、一般疑问句：be或will提到句首，some改为any,and改为or，第一二人称互换。例如：Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.→Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?8.一般将来时 五、对划线部分提问：一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1.问人。Who例如：I’mgoingtoNewYorksoon.→Who’sgoingtoNewYorksoon？2.问干什么。What例如：MyfatherisgoingtowatchTVwithmethisafternoon.→Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon？3.问什么时候。When.例如：She’sgoingtogotobedatnine.→Whenisshegoingtobed?六、同义句：begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow（明天）.=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.一般将来时 练习：用begoingto和will分别填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_____________________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.或I________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.2.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_____yourmother_______________goshoppingthis___________?Yes,she_________.She________________________buysomefruit.或_____yourmothergoshoppingthis___________?Yes,she_________.She______buysomefruit.一般将来时 改句子：5.Sarahisgoingtogoshoping.（改否定）Sarah________goingtogoshoping.6.I’llgoandjointhem.（改否定）I_______go______jointhem.7.Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10:30.（改一般疑问句）_______________meetatthebusstopat10:30?8.Sheisgoingtobuysomefruitsafterschool.（对划线部分提问）_______________she_________________________afterschool?一般将来时 1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：⑴am和is在一般过去时中变为was。（wasnot=wasn"t）如：Iwasillyesterday.Iwasn"tillyesterday.⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（werenot=weren"t）如：TheywereatBeijinglastmonth.Theyweren"tatBeijinglastmonth.⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。如：Washeillyesterday?WeretheyatBeijinglastmonth?9.一般过去时 3．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句：didn’t+动词原形，如：Jimdidn’tgohomeyesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：DidJimgohomeyesterday?特殊疑问句：⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如：WhatdidJimdoyesterday?⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Whowenttohomeyesterday?一般过去时 动词过去式变化规则：1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：look-looked,cook-cooked2．结尾是e的，直接加d，如：taste-tasted3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped,visit-visited.4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied,pay-payed.一般过去时 5．不规则动词过去式：am,is-was,are-were,do-did,have-had,go-went,say-said,get-got,see-saw,give-gave,come-came,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,make-made,sit-sat,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,put-put,read-read.一般过去时 过去时练习：写出下列动词的过去式isam_________ are________ do________does_________have________ go________say________fly_______ put________plant________ play_______ drink_________make________dance________ask________worry________ eat__________taste_________draw________pass_______  throw________kick_________一般过去时 Be动词的过去时练习一、用be动词的适当形式填空。1.I______anEnglishteachernow.2.She_______happyyesterday.3.They_______gladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.4.HelenandNancy________goodfriends.5.Thelittledog_____twoyearsoldthisyear.6.Look,there________lotsofgrapeshere.7.There________asignonthechaironMonday.8.Today_____thesecondofJune.Yesterday______thefirstofJune.It_____Children’sDay.Allthestudents______veryexcited.一般过去时 一、用动词的适当形式填空。1.It_____(be)the2ndofNovemberyesterday.MrWhite________(go)tohisofficebycar.2.GaoShan________(put)thebookonhisheadamomentago.3.Don’t______thehouse.Mum_______ityesterday.(clean)4.What____you______justnow?I_______somehousework.(do)5.They_________(make)akiteaweekago.6.Iwantto______apples.Butmydad_______allofthemlastmonth.(pick)7._______he______theflowersthismorning?Yes,he_____.(water)8.She____(be)aprettygirl.Look,she_____(do)Chinesedances.9.Thestudentsoften_________(draw)somepicturesintheartroom.10.What______Mikedoonthefarm?He________cows.(milk)一般过去时 二、句型转换。1.Therewasacarinfrontofthehousejustnow.否定句：______________________________________________________一般疑问句：______________________________________________________肯、否定回答：____________________________________________________三、中译英。1．我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。_________________________________________________________2．他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。_________________________________________________________3．一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。______________________________________________________一般过去时 Byebye!