【6A文】初中英语语法非谓语动词.ppt 35页

非谓语动词 初中英语非谓语动词知识点总结:非谓语动词主要指在句中不能充当谓语，而是充当其他语法功能的动词。非谓语动词有三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词），现在分词和动名词又统称为动词的-ing形式。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化.在中考中，对不定式和动名词的考查最多，尤其是疑问词+不定式，不定式作宾补，及只能用动词-ing形式作宾语的情况。考查形式通常为单选、句型转化、完成句子等。 非谓语动词动词不定式动名词分词 动词不定式基本形式及特点用法注意事项 动词不定式（1）基本形式：to+动词原形（在某些情况下可以不带to）（2）特点：A.没有人称和数的变化B.可以有自己的宾语和状语 动词不定式(3)用法：A、作主语，如Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.=It’snoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.注意：不定式短语作主语如果太长，常用it作形式主语，将不定式后置。除动词be外，动词take也常用于上述结构。B、作表语，如Theimportantthingistofinishtheworkontime. 动词不定式作宾语C、动词+todo(下面的11个动词必须准确记忆）动词+疑问词+todo动词+it(形式宾语）+宾补+todo常见动词有agree,decide,fail（失败）,hope,wish,want,plan，promise(发誓）,seem（似乎）,expect（期望）,happen（todo碰巧）Idon’tknowwhattodo.IfinditimportanttolearnEnglish. 动词不定式D、作宾补动词+宾语+todo动词+宾语+doLiMeiaskedmetoshowherthenewdictionary.注：有以上结构的常用动词有tell.wish,ask,want,like,beg（乞求）,invite,warn（警告）,allow（允许）,encourage（鼓励）,advise（建议）等。(不带to的不定式)注：常用的动词是：感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice用于often的句中；使役动词have,make,let. E、作状语可以表目的、表结果、表原因F、作定语（必须后置）动词不定式Ihavesomethingtosay.It’sthebestwaytohelphim.Marryopenedthedoorforhimtocomein(目的）. 大家来说说什么情况下用do（动词原形）?1、hadbetter后2、使让动词make,let,have用于主动语态时。3、感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice用在“经常”的主动语态时。4、please的后面5、Whynot/Whydon’tyou后6、情态动词之后。 注意：在学习动词不定式的时候还有两点要注意哦！1、在感官动词和使役动词后作宾补时，不定式可省略to,但以上词变为被动语态时，要加上to,如Ialwayssawherplaytheviolin.Hewasmadetowork12hoursaday. 2、动词不定式的否定形式为：not+todoMr.Smithaskedtheboy___________(notplay)thiskindofgame.nottoplayPleasehavehim__________(notdo)somuchhousework.notdo 在“Itis+形容词+ofsb+不定式”结构中，形容词往往表示人物的性格和特征，如kind,clever,wrong,right,foolish,stupid,careless,impolite,honest,naughty等。在“Itis+形容词+forsb+不定式”结构中，形容词通常表示事物的性质，如important,possible,impossible,difficult,hard等。比　较ItisgoodofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.你真好，帮助我学英语。(强调you的特征=Youaregoodtohelpme.)Itisgoodforyoutogiveupsmoking.戒烟对你有好处。(强调的是giveupsmoking这一行为=Foryoutogiveupsmokingisgood.)Itis+形容词+for/ofsb+不定式结构 动名词基本形式及特征用法注意返回主页 动名词基本形式特点动词原形+ing具有名词、动词的一些特征。 动名词用法1、作主语Pickingapplesismuchbetterthanhavingclasses.2、作宾语（1）只能接动名词做宾语的动词有miss（错过）,finish,mind,keep,practice,enjoy,spend,suggest（建议）等。 动名词（2）既可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词有两类：意义区分不大：begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer（更喜欢）等。a.意义不同：remember,forget,stop,goon,try等b. 动名词3、作表语Hisfavoritesportisplayingbasketball.4、作定语finishingline（终点线） 注意两点1、动名词的复合结构为：名词所有格形容词性物主代词+动名词Doyoumind_________thewindow?metoopenb.Iopenc.myopeningd.mineopeningc 2、动名词的习惯用语：a.It’snousedoingsth.b.can’thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事。c.feellikedoingsth.d.bebusydoingsth.e.Nodoing 动名词和不定式的用法区别：无论做什么成分：动名词都表示“正在”或“一贯”不定式表示“一次”或“将要” 分词现在分词过去分词 现在分词基本形式：动词原形+ing过去分词基本形式：规则动词加ed或不规则动词的过去分词developingcountrydevelopedcountry 现在分词用法及意义：1，表示正在进行2，表示伴随状态过去分词用法及意义：作定语：1，前置定语表示已经完成2，后置定语表示被动 总结与思考什么情况下用todo?什么情况下用doing?什么情况下用do? 1. Thankyouforussowell.A.toteachB.teachesC.taughtD.teaching2.  IoftendosomeonSundays.A.washedB.towashC.washingD.washes3.  TheboyJackinClassOneismybrother.A.callB.tobecalledC.callingD.called4.  Itoftentakesmehalfanhourhome.A.WalkingB.towalkC.walkedD.walks5.  Don’tforgethercleanwatereveryday.A.togiveB.givingC.givenD.give 6.IthinkitisimportantEnglishwell.A.learningB.learnC.tolearnD.learned7.  Thefunnystorymadeusallhard.A.laughB.tolaughC.laughingD.laughed8.  Ourteachertoldushardatourlessons.A.toworkB.workC.workingD.worked 9.Couldyoutellmethisnewspaper?A.toreadhowB.howtoreadC.whattoreadD.whatread10.Idon’tknownext.A.whattodoB.whattodoitC.howtodoD.tohowdoit11.Myhairistoolong,soImusthaveitthisafternoon.A.cutB.cutsC.cuttingD.cutted12.Rememberlateforclassagain.A.nottoB.benottoC.nottobeD.nottocome13.MrSmithaskedthemanthequeue(跳队—夹塞）.A.notjumpB.didn’tjumpC.nottojumpD.tonotjump 14.Whynotwithus?Yousee,it’svery.A.go;interestedB.go;interestingC.togo;interestedD.going;interesting15.–Whatabouttothecinematonight?--That’sagoodidea.I’dlikewithyou.A.going;goingB.togo;togoC.going;togoD.go;going16.Everyonehereisbusyreadforthecomingentrancetests（入学考试）.A.getB.togetC.gettingD.gets 17.we’veworkedfortwohours.Let’sarest.A.stoptohaveB.stophavingC.tostoptohaveD.stoppinghaving18.Wouldyoumindmeafavor（帮我一下）？A.doB.togoC.doingD.did19.MrWangaskedmehim.A.helpB.helpsC.tohelpD.helping20.PleasetellJimnotlateagain.A.toB.beC.tobeD.beto 23.Pleasedon’tforgettome,willyou?A.towriteB.writingC.write22.Theboywantshisfatheraquestionaboutthemoon.askingB.toaskC.askD.asked21.MissYangaskedtheboy,thebabywassleepingintheroom.A.tostoptosingB.tostopsingingC.stopsingingD.stoptosing 25.It’saboutsixo’clock,Let’s___suppernow.A.stophavingB.tostophavingC.stoptohaveD.tostoptohave26.We’dbetter___ontheroad.Acarmayhitus.A.nottoplayB.notplayC.tonotplayD.don’tplay24.Motherdecided____Tomawayfromschool（辍学.A.tokeepnotB.keepnotC.nottokeepD.notkeep 29.Ioftenseethem—withsomeforeigners.A.talkB.totalkC.talkingD.talked30.Hesayslifewon’tbeworth—withoutlove.A.liveB.livingC.livingD.tolive27.LiuMeihelpedtheTurners—theirticketsonthetrain.A.pickB.lookupC.pickupD.looklike 1.31.ThismorningIsawamanonthestreetonmyway.A.lives;thereB.lived;toschoolC.lying;toschoolD.tolie;home.32.Hehasgivenuptennissincehewasill.A.playB.toplayC.playingD.plays33.----willyoucometothenetbarwithme?----sorry,Mymotheralwaystellsmethere.A.notgoB.nottogoC.goD.togo 34._DoyoustillremembermesomewhereBeijing?--Yes,ofcourse.Twoyearsago.A. toseeB.seeC.seeingD.saw35. Parentsmustwarntheirchildren—.A.toplaywithfireB.nottoplaywithfireC.ofplayingfireD.playingfire