初三英语语法之被动语态学习小结 28页

初三英语语法之被动语态学习小结　英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。初中阶段的被动语态有五种时态，我们可以从以下方面进行小结：一、被动语态的时态及结构（以动词do为例）结构：主语+be+过去分词时态：1.一般现在时：am(is,are)done.2.带情态动词的被动语态：must(can,may,should,need,would)bedone3.一般过去时：was(were)done*4.一般将来时：will(shall)bedone*5.现在进行时：am(is,are)beingdone6.现在完成时：have(has)beendone二、从初中阶段所学五种基本句型谈变被动语态时应注意的问题。1．主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P)此结构不可用被动语态。(正)Theflowerssmellsweet.(误)Theflowersaresmeltsweet.2．主语+不及物动词(S+V)此结构不可变被动语态。(正)Anaccidenthappenedlastnight.(误)Anaccidentwashappenedlastnight.3．主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+ O)（1）将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语ChildrenoftensingthissongThissongisoftensungbychildren.（2）将含有介词或副词的动词短语变为被动结构时，不可将介词或副词去掉。Weshouldlistentotheteacherscarefully.Theteachersshouldbelistenedtocarefully.4．主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)（1）.将表人的间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。Heshowedusapicture.Wewereshownapicture.（2）.将指物的直接宾语变为主语，要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.常用加to的动词give,show,pass,read等常用加for的动词buy,get,make,sing,draw等Apicturewasshowntous.Adictionarywasboughtformebymyparents.5．主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+C)如动词为make,see,hear,watch等，后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，变被动语态时要加上“to”。Isawhimfalloffthetree.Hewasseentofalloffthetree.6."be+过去分词"并非都是被动语态，系动词be,feel,seem,look,等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，表示某种状态。 I"minterestedinmathematics.我对数学感兴趣。*7.某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义。Thewoman"sclothessellwell.女装卖的快。Thisbooksellsbest.这本书很畅销.  被动语态专项练习1一、选择题()1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;bulitC.Does;buildD.Did;build()2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened()3.Cotton____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow()4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited()5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____inthschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives()6.Howmanytrees____thisyear?A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted()7.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirl now.A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone()8.Neitherofthem______inChina.A.ismadeB.aremadeC.weremadeD.made()9.Look!Anicepicture____forourteacher.A.isdrawingB.isbeingdrawnC.hasbeendrawnD.draws()10.Yourshoes____.Youneedanewpair.A.wearoutB.wornoutC.arewornoutD.isworn()11.Thedoctor_____foryet.A.isn"tsentB.hasn"tbeensentC.won"tbesentD.wasn"tsent()12.--When___thiskindofcomputers______?--Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used()13.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown()14.I____insummer.A.bornB.wasbornC.havebeenbornD.amborn()15.HesaysthatMrZhang_____tothefactorynextweek.A.issentB.wouldsendC.wassentD.willbesent()16.Who_____thisbook_____?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written()17.Mary____showmehernewdictionary.A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isaskedD.asksto()18.Astory_____byGranny yesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus()19.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump()20.Theschoolbag___behindthechair.A.putsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.canput()21.Olderpeople____well.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter()22.Ourteacher______carefully.A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistened二、把下列句子改写成被动语态1.Theymakemachinesinthatfactory.__________________________________2.Everybodylikesthissong.__________________________________3.Hedoesn"tshowthestampstome.__________________________________4.Peopledon"tgrowriceinthewestofJapan._____________________________5.HeoftenhelpsTomwhenTomisintrouble._______________________________6.Dotheworkersbuildmanybuildings?__________________________________7.DoesKatesometimesbreakglasses?__________________________________8.DoyoualwayssendalettertoMrHu?__________________________________9.Whatdoestheteacheroftentelltheboystodo?_________________________10.Howmanydesksdotheybuyeveryterm?__________________________________11.Theysoldthatkindofshoesinthisshoplastweek.____________________12.Grannytoldusastorylastnight. __________________________________13.Hedidn"tgivethedictionarytomeyesterday.__________________________14.Hedidn"tbuyanythingtherebeforeheleft.____________________________15.Didhecleantheblackboardjustnow?__________________________________16.Whendidshecooksupperyesterday?__________________________________17.Wheredidshemakethem?__________________________________18.Whoserulerdidyouborrow?__________________________________19.Wemusttietheyoungtreetothestick.________________________________20.Theycan"tmendthebikeinthatshop.__________________________________21.Youshouldtakegoodcareofherbaby.__________________________________22.Youmaytakeitbackhome.__________________________________23.MayIlookafterthebabyathome?__________________________________24.Mustwehandinourexercise-booksnow?_________________________________25.Canyoumendthisradiohere?__________________________________被动语态练习2一、将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。1.Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays.Thework_______________intwodays.2.TheyproducesilkinSuzhou.Silk__________inSuzhou.3.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.AnEnglishsong___________bythechildren.4.Youneedn"tdoitnow. It______________byyounow.5.LucysentmeaNewYearCardlastweek.ANewYearCard____________herbymelastweek.6.Peoleusemetalformakingmachines.Metal________formakingmachines.7.Hemademedothatforhim.I____________thatforhim.8.Ihavegiventhisbooktothelibrary.Thisbook___________tothelibrary.9.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?____abridge____herebythemayearago?10.We"llputonanEnglishplayinourschool.AnEnglishplay_____________oninourschool.11.MoreandmorefarmersbuycolourTVsets.ColourTVsets_________moreandmorefarmers.12.Mybrotheroftenmendshiswatch.Hiswatch____________bymybrother.13.Wemustwatertheflowerseveryday.Theflowersmust______(byus)everyday.14.Theyuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives______forcuttingthings.15.Hemadethefarmersworkforalong time.Thefarmers________________foralongtime.16.Didhebreakthewindowyesterday?____thewindow__________yesterday?17.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.Thelightgreendresses_____________out.18.Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroom________everyday.19.Youmustnotplanttreesinverydryearth.Trees_________________inverydryearth.20.Youcandigaholeintheearth.AHole_____________intheearth.二、用动词的正确语态填空。1.Thestudents_____often_____(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.2.Thatplay________(put)onagainsometimenextmonth.3.Theoldmanisill.He______(mustsend)tothehospital.4.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.5.What_______aknife______(make)of?It_______________(make)ofmetalandwood.6.APianoconcert_____________(give)herelastFriday.7.______themagazine____(cantake)outofthelibrary?8.Theroom_____________(clean)bymeeveryday.9.Thestars_____________(cansee)inthe daytime.10.Someflowers__________(water)byLiMingalready.11.Thesekindsofmachines__________(make)inJapan.12.Apples_________________(grow)inthisfarm.13.Russian_____________(learn)asthesecondlanguagebysomestudentsinChina.14.Planes,carsandtrains__________(use)bybusinesspeoplefortravelling.15.Thecinema___________(bulid)in1985.16.Thebike______________(mustnotput)here.17.Abeautifulhorse___________(draw)byJohnnextday.18.Thiskindofmachine___________(canmade)byuncleWang.19.Mr.Green______(open)twonewschool.20.ThePLA____________(found)onAugust1st,1927.21.Bythetimehewasten,theboy________(learn)EnglishandFrench.22.Howlong_____youruncle____(be)inthecity?23.______you____(see)thefilmyet?Yes,I_______(see)itlastweek.24.UncleWang____________(live)heresince198025.Listen!Someone_________(sing).26.Tom________(nothave)breakfastyesterdaymorning.  被动语态的口诀一般现、过用bedone，be有人称、时、数变。完成时态havedone，被动将been加中间。一般将来shall(will)do，被动变do为bedone。将来进行无被动，shall(will)bedoing,现在完成进行同，have(has)beendoing。现、过进行bedoing,被动be加beingdone。情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。一般情助加bedone，双宾多将间宾变。复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。第二句"be有人称、时、数变"即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。"情助"是指情态动词和助动词must，may，can，shall，will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。"疑问一助置主前"是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。下面详细举例说明之。被动语态　　英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多，要普遍，许多课本乃至实际应用中都常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动式。须注意的是，许多地方与汉语不同。注意那些汉语中没有"被……"的意思，英语却用被动态。还要注意，英语的被动态往往由"by"引出，而有用介词"by"的短语往往又不是被动态，而是系表结构。还有些待殊现象，如…knowntoman(人类......所知)，onfoot步行(美国人有时用byfoot)，incarraige(乘四轮马车)等等。还有假主动，真被动的十几个常用词的用法，以及soheavytocarry而不用soheavytobecarried等习惯用法。有关这类情况，做到心中有数对全面掌握被动态，准确无误地解答习题非常关键，被动态必须涉及的是动词的各种时态变化的问题。英语的时态本来很复杂，怎样记住各自的被动形式呢?首先要明确"将来进行无被动，现在完成进行同"。这两种时态无被动形式。　　另外，不及物动词带有同源宾语的动词，反身代词的动词和系动词都无被动形式。即便如此，还有不定式，动名词，分词，以及它们的复合结构)的被动态，再加上情态动词，助动词以及它们的疑问式和否定式从中掺杂，真是令人头痛，眼花缭乱。下面口诀就以动词do为例，即do did过去式done过去分词，以口诀形式总结各种时态的被动态，一定对你有所启示。被动语态（一般现在时）主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。一般现、过用bedone,be有人称、时、数变例：１、主动：Thechildrengavetheforeignguestsawarmwelcome.　　　　被动：Theforeignguestsweregivenawarmwelcomebythechildren.　　　　　　　孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。　　２、主动：Peopleregardhimasbrilliant.　　　　被动：Heisregardedasbrilliantbypeople.　　　　　　　人们认为他很有才华。　　以上两例都是一般时态用bedone的例子，be有人称、时、数变，第三人称foreignfriends是复数，时态一般过去时，所以"bedone"就是weregiven，而Peopleregardhimasbrilliant一句，被动后的"bedone"就变成单数第三人称isregarded的形式了。被动：ThisspeechwasdeliveredbycomradeWang.(wasdelivered即一般过去时的被动态)这篇讲演是王的发言。Therewasaserioustrainaccidentneartheborder.Twopeoplewerekilledandtwelvewereinjured.边境发生严重列车事故，二人死亡，十二人受伤。Apersonwhoistrulyhonestiscalledastraightarrow.直言不讳的人才是真正诚实的人。Anotewaspasseduptothespeaker.有人给讲演者递上来一张纸条。JohnwaselectedpresidentoftheclassinsteadofHarry.乔治被选为班长而代替了亨利。Volcanoesaredescribedasactive,dormantorextinct.火山被描述为活的，沉睡着的，或者死的。Thesoldierwaskilled,butthetrainwassaved.这位战士牺牲了，然而列车得救了。Hewasthoughttobecleverbutdishonest.他被认为很聪明但不诚实。ThefirstzoologicalgardenintheUnitedStateswasestablishedin1874.美国的第一个动物园是1874年建立的。Familieswereoftenbrokenup;wivesweretakenawayfromtheirhusbandsandchildrenfromtheirparents.家庭被拆散，妻儿被夺走。Theinformationisurgentlyneeded.急需这个资料。Mostenvironmentalproblemsexistbecauseadequatemeasuresforpreventingthemwerenottakeninthepast.多数环境污染问题的存在，是因为过去没有采取适当的保护措施。完成时态havedone，被动将been加中间。(过去完成时haddone也包括在内)。例：１、主动：WehavestudiedEnglishfor3yearsoffandonatthespare-timeschool.　　　　被动：Englishhasbeenstudiedfor3yearsoffandonatthespare-timeschool.(have随新主语变为has)　　　　　　　我们已经在夜校里断断续续地学了三年英语了。　　２、主动:Theyhadproduced100tractorsbytheendoflastyear.　　　　被动:100tractorshadbeenproducedbytheendoflastyear.　　　　　　　到去年年底我们已生产出一百台拖拉机。　　３、主动：Theyhavesetupapowerstationintheirhometown. 　　　　被动：Apowerstationhasbeensetupintheirhometown.　　　　　　　他们的家乡建立了一座发电站。　　４、主动：Theyhavewarnedustobecarefulofrats.　　　　被动：Wehavebeenwarnedtobecarefulofrats.　　　　　　　他们已提醒我们要注意老鼠。　　５、主动：Peoplehavepiledplasticbagsfullofrubbishinstreets.　　　　被动:Plasticbagsfullofrubbishhavebeenpiledinstreets.　　　　　　　人们把装满垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。　　６、主动：Wehaveusednuclearenergytoproduceelectricity.　　　　被动：Nuclearenergyhasbeenusedtoproduceelectricity.　　　　　　　核能已用来发电。　　７、主动：Noonehaseverbeatenhimattennis.　　　　被动：Hehasneverbeenbeatenattennis.　　　　　　　就网球来说还没有人是他的对手。(Noone涉及到全否定和部分否定问题，见否定一讲)Thepersonwhoownsthegunmaytrytodenythathehasusedit.Butanyoneseeingthesmokeknowsthegunhasjustbeenfired.有枪的人会极力否认他开了枪。但是任何看到枪烟(枪冒的烟)的人都会知道刚才开了枪。TodayisCilia"swedding[fontid=Markstyle="COLOR:blue;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#ccffff"]day[/font],shehasjustbeenmarriedtoDanel.今天是西丽亚的新婚日，她刚刚和丹尼尔结婚。Thesubjectsoftheselectureshavebeenannouncedbythelecturecommittee.演讲委员会已宣布了这些讲演的题目。过去完成时也是一样：主动:Somebodyhadcleanedmyshoes.被动:Myshoeshadbeencleanedbysomebody.有人早已把我的鞋子擦了。WhenIreturnedIfoundthattheyhadtowed(toud)mycaraway,IaskedwhytheyhaddonethisandtheytoldmethatidwasbecauseIhadparkeditundera"NoParkingSign".被动：mycarhadbeentowedaway.Iaskedwhythishadbeendoneandtoldthat...ithadbeenparkedundera"NoParkingSign".当我回来时，发现我的车被弄走了。我问他们为啥这么于。他们告诉我说因为我把车于停在"禁止停车"的禁区。主动：TheyhadbuildthreeshipsbylastDecember.被动：BylastDecemberthreeshipshadbeenbuiltbythem.　　　到去年年底他们已建造了三艘船。Researchhadbeencentredontheimprovementofnaturalbuildingmaterialsbeforesyntheticswerecreated.合成材料造出之前，研究工作集中在改进天然建筑材料上。Hedidnotsayifallthosesteelpipeshadbeenexamined.他并没有说那些钢管都检验过没有。Afterplastichadbeencreated,engineersweregivenamuchwidechoiceofmaterials.塑料发明之后，工程师们在材料选择上有了更广阔的途径。一般将来shall(will)do，被动变do为bedone即由shalldo或willdo变为shalldone或willbedone。例：主动:Weshallbuildseveralbigmodernpowerplantsinourcitynextyear. 被动：Severalbigmodernpowerplantswillbebuiltinourcitynextyear.过年我市将建立几座大型现代化的发电厂。(shalldo中的shall要随新主语变为will,do为bedone.)王动：IshallsendmysecondboytoschoolnextSeptember.被动：MysecondboywillbesenttoschoolnextSeptember.过年九月我将送我次子去读书。主动：Inordertofoolpeoplecheapsandswindlerswillmakesuchbricksoutofleadcoveringthe"leadbrick"withgold.被动：Suchbrickswillbemadeoutofleadcoveringthe"leadbrick"withgoldbycheapsandswindlers.设法骗钱的商人和骗子们将通过把"铅砖"外面镀上一层金来做这样的"金砖"。主动：Theywillaskyoualotofstrangequestions.被动:Youwillbeaskedalotofstrangequestions.他们将问你许多怪题。被动句中的by引出的宾语，一般说来，如果是人称代词你、我、他等，均可省略，someonenoone不由by来引出。如果是名词不能省略，但当今英语也都可省略了。主动：TheChinesepeoplewillmakemorespaceexplorationsinthefuture.被动：MorespaceexplorationswillbemadeinthefuturebytheChinesepeople.中国人民在将来将进行更多的空间探索。同样Afteraperiodofuse,thebatteriesshouldbechanged.电池使用一段时间后，应该更换。Usually,theelectricityisonfor24hours.Buttomorrowitwillbecutoffinthe[fontid=Markstyle="COLOR:blue;BACKGROUND-COLOR:#ccffff"]day[/font]time.通常是昼夜供电，明天白天将停电。Morepeacefuluseswillbefoundfornuclearexplosivesinthefuture.在将来会发现更多的和平利用核爆炸的途径。Morehardworkwillbeneededtomakethiswondercometrueinashorttimefromnow.从现在起要使这些奇迹在短时间内成为现实还需要做更多的艰苦工作。make...cometrue使……成为事实;cometrue做宾补(见感使动词口诀)。Themachinewillnotbeusedagain.这机器不能再用了。Willmoregasbeneeded?需要更多的煤气吗?但如果是一般过去将来时如何处理呢？请记下面口诀：一般过去将来时，过去某时将发生。主动should(would)do，被动bedone代原形。将来进行无被动，现在完成进行同。主动：Afewdaysagowewerestillnotquitesurewhetherweshouldcarryoutthenewplanaheadoftime.被动：...whetherthenewplanwouldbecarriedoutaheadoftime.几天前，我们还不能肯定能否提前执行新的计划。主动：Ididnotsaythatwewouldchangetheequipment.被动：Ididnotsaythattheequipmentwouldbechanged.我并没说过，我们将换掉那台设备。主动：Mysupervisortoldmethathewouldgivemeaspecialtutorialafewdaysago.被动：Mysupervisortoldmethataspecialtutorialwouldbegiventomeafewdaysago.几天前，我的导师说他将对我进行个别辅导。 主动:Ineverthoughtthatbewouldbringmetheinformationsoearly.被动：Ineverthoughtthattheinformationwouldbebroughttomesoearly.我决没想到他那么早就会把资料带给我。将来进行无被动，shall(will)bedoing,现在完成进行同．have(has)beendoing,即将来进行时表示动作在将来某一时刻或某个阶段正在进行"现在完成进行时表示某-行为发生在过去．延续到现在，可能还要延续下去。两种时态则不用被动语态。例；Wehopeyourcomanywillsoonbesendinganengineerovertocheckthisequipment.(将来进行时)我们希望贵公司早些派一名工程师来检查这台设备。Inaffewminutesourpassengerplanewillbeflyinginthestratosphere.(将来进行时)几分钟后我们的客机将在同温层中飞行。Wehopescientistswillbetappingnewenergysourcestomeettheneedforpower.我们希望科学家们将发掘新的能源来满足能量的需要。(将来进行时)Whatwillyoubedoingthisevening?今晚你将做什么?（将来进行时)IhavebeenlivinginAnshanSince1980．(现在完成进行时)1980年以来，我一直住在鞍山。HowlonghaveyoubeenstudyingEnglish?你学英语多久了?(现在完成进行时)Wehavebeenwaitingattheairportforthebecauseofthethickfog.由于大雾，我们已经在机场等了一整天了。(现在完成进行时)Sincethen,appliedmathematicianshavebeencopingsuccessfullywithmanyproblemsinastronony.从那时以来，应用数学家成功地处理了许多天文学上的问题。(现在完成进行时)以上均无被动态。现、过进行bedoing，被动be加beingdone即现在进行时或过去进行时都是be的人称、时和数的形式加doing。而被动态则是be加上beingdone的形式，being是不变的。现在进行时和过去进行时的被动态是被动态个的重点，容易搞错。例如：主动：TheworkersarerepairingthemainbuildingoftheNortheastEngineeringInstitute.被动：ThemainbuildingoftheNortheastEngineeringInstituteisbeingrepairedbytheworkers.工人们正在维修东北工学院主楼。Tworeservoirsarebeingbuiltatthesametime.两座水库同时建造。Thenastyquestionisbeingconsideredbythecommitteemembers.委员会的委员们正在考虑那个棘手的问题.Equipmentandfoodstuffsarebeingflowntothefloodstrickenareas.设备和食品正在空运到灾区。Thebuildongofanotherfly-overisbeingplanned.他们在计划修建另一座跨线桥。WecoudldnotgetthroughbecausetheFebruary19thRoadwasbeingrepaired.我们过不去，因二.一九路正维修呢。情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。带情态动词和助动词等的被动态如何处理比较复杂。要随新的主语来变化，这些词如can,could；will,would;shall,should;may,might;must;oughtto;need需要；haveto不得不；begoingto;tobeto;usedto;seemto;happento等。例如：下回书接续！接上回书！主动:Wemustkeepthisinmind.被动：Thismustbekeptinmind.我们必须把这个记在心里。主动：Wecanputtherefrigeratorinthatplace.(refrigerator=freezer.) 被动：Therefrigeratorcanbeputinthatplace.我们可以把电冰箱放在那个地方。主动：Weshallnotusethewashingmachineagain.被动：Thewashingmachinewillnotbeusedagain.我们不能再用那台洗衣机了。原来的谓语shalluse被动态中随新主语变为will．主动:Weshalltakemoremeasurestopreventcorrosion.被动:Moremeasureswillbetakentopreventcorrosion.(shall变will)我们将采取更多的措施来防止腐蚀。Ioughttobecriticizedforit.我应该为此受到批评.Allthishastobesolvedwithgreatcare.这一切得认真解决。Thelobbyisgoingtoberebuilt.门厅将重建。Theexhibitionistobeopenedtomorrow.展览会将明日开放。再如：主动：Weshallhavetoadoptadifferentattitude.被动：Adifferentattitudewillhavetobeadopted.我们将不得不采取另一种态度.主动：Youaretoleavethebaghere.被动:Thebagistobelefthere.(areto随新主语变为isto)你应把包裹放在这儿。主动：Theyusedtostarttheseenginesbyhand.被动：Theseenginesusedtobestartedbyhand.过去他们用手启动马达。主动:Wearegoingtopaintthewallgreen.被动：Theallisgoingtobepaintedgreen.我们打算把墙刷成绿色。主动：Youneedn"ttypethisletter.被动：Thisletterneednotbetyped.(oughtto,need是不变助动词)你不必把这封信打字。主动：JohnseemstolikeMaryverymuch.被动：MaryseemstobelikedverymuchbyJohn.看来约翰非常喜欢玛丽。主动：Theboyhappenedtomeetherinthestreet.被动：Shehappenedtobemetinthestreetbytheboy.这个男孩碰巧在街上遇到了她。主动：Itmusthavedisappointedhimterriblythatpeopletoldhimtheydidn"twanthim.被动：Hemusthavebeenterriblydisappointedtobetoldhewas"twanted.人们告诉他，他们不需要他，这一定已经使得他特别失望.主动：Youshouldbearinmindthathewasn"tpresent.被动:Thathewasn"tpresentshouldbeborneinmind.或Itshouldbeborneinmindthathewasn"tpresent.你应记住他未出席。主动：Youshouldhavetakenthosebooksbacktothelibrary.被动：Thosebooksshouldhavebeentakenbacktothelibrary.你本该把这些书带回图书馆去。 主动：Theymayhaveleftitinthesun.被动：Itmayhavebeenleftinthesun.他们可能已把它放在阳光下了。may加不定式的完成体或完成进行体表示"可能"，主要用于肯定句，决不能用在疑问句中。而can与不定式的完成体或完成进行体连用表示"可能"，只用于否定句和疑问句，不用于肯定句。但如果can或may的过去式即could与might与不定式完成体或完成进行体搭配时，可用于各种结构。肯，否，陈，疑均可。Itcan"thavebeenlostinthepost,canit?它不可能在邮局丢失的吧：(反意疑问句)否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前在否定句的被动态中，否定副词not-定加在第一助动词之后，不放在别的助动词之后。同样在疑问句的被动态中，第一助动词置于主语之前。例：Whyhas(一助)notanythingbeen(二助)donetoendthestrike?not必须放在第一助动词has之后，第-助动词has必须放在主语anything之前。决不可写成:whyhasfotbeenanythingdonetoendthestrike?或whyhasbeennotanythingdonetoendthestrike?为什么不采取些措施来结束罢工呢?Theexerciseswillnotbedoneinclass.不可写成：Theexercisewillbenotdoneinclass.我们将不在课堂上作练习。Inwhatotherwaycould(一助)informationaboutMarsbe(二助)abtained?用什么别的途径能获得火星的资料呢2Whyhadhebeenimprisoned?他为何入狱的?Needshebetoldaboutit?需要告诉他吗?主动：Noonehaseverequalledyourrecord.被动：Yourrecordhasneverbeenequalled.没人刷新你的记录。主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前凡主语恰好是一个疑问词或由疑问词来修饰主语时，后面要用陈述语序。例:What(主语)couldbedroppedfromasatellite?卫星上扔下何物?Whatmeasures(主语)arebeingtakentodevelopthisnewscience?(主语为疑问词what所修饰)正在采取什么措施来发展这门新科学?Whatkindofdevice(主语)isneededtomakethecontrolsystemsimple?(主语为疑问词所修饰)需要什么装置来使控制系统简化?whathasbeendonetoimprovethetechniques?采取了什么措施来改进这些技术的?(what恰是句子的主语)应指出的是有的学生把Westudydiligently和Shecouldseeherselfclearlyinthemirror.都硬行变成被动了,殊不知不及物动词通常是没有被动态的。关于不及物动词．反身代词动词，同源宾语动词．系词．感官使役动词，短语动词的被动态。PS:有些动词可以带双宾语 [编辑本段]在用于被动结构时，主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语时，直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面；直接宾语变为主语时，直接宾语前通常加上介词for/to★Hewasaskedanumberofquestionsatthepressconference.在记者招待会上人们问了他很多问题★Theyaretaughtalotofthingsinthekindergartens.他们在幼儿园被教给很多东西。★AnewMP4wasgiventohimasbirthdaypresent/gift.作为生日礼物他收到了一个新MP4。【特别提醒】[编辑本段]有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾补，但改为被动结构后要加上“to”。例如Weheardhimsinginhisroomjustnow.---Hewasheardtosinginhisroomjustnow.刚才听到他在房间中唱歌。一、被动语态的用法：1.一般现在时的被动语态构成：is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.Iamaskedtostudyhard.Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.2.一般过去时的被动语态构成：was/were+及物动词的过去分词Anewshopwasbuiltlastyear.Dinosaureggswerelaidlonglongago.3.现在完成时的被动语态构成：has/have+been+及物动词的过去分词Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.Manyman-madesatelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.4.一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+be+及物动词的过去分词Anewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity.Manymoretreeswillbeplantednextyear.5.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词 Youngtreesmustbewateredoften.Yourmistakesshouldbecorrectedrightnow.Thedoormaybelockedinside.Yourhomeworkcanbehandedintomorrow.6.现在进行时的被动语态构成：am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词UncleWangismendingmybikenow.→MybikeisbeingrepairedbyTomnow.Theyareplantingtreesoverthere.→Treesarebeingplantedovertherebythem.7.不定式的被动语态：to+be+及物动词的过去分词Therearetwobookstoberead.→Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.二、怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：1.先找出谓语动词；2.再找出谓语动词后的宾语；3.把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；4.注意人称、时态和数的变化。例：1.Brucewritesalettereveryweek.→AletteriswrittenbyBruceeveryweek.2.LiLeimendedthebrokenbikethismorning.→ThebrokenbikewasmendedbyLiLeithismorning.3.Hehaswrittentwonovelssofar.→Twonovelshavebeenwrittenbyhimsofar.4.Theywillplanttentreestomorrow.→Tentreeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow. 5.Lucyiswritingaletternow.→AletterisbeingwrittenbyLucynow.6.Youmustlockthedoorwhenyouleave.→thedoormustbelockedwhenyouleave.三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：1.不及物动词无被动语态。Whatwillhappenin100years.Thedinosaursdisappearedabout65millionyearsago.2.有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。Thispenwriteswell.Thisnewbooksellswell.3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。例：makesomebodydosomething→somebody+be+madetodosomethingseesomebodydosomething→somebody+be+seentodosomethingAgirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.→Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.→Thelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss.4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。Hegavemeabook.→Abookwasgiventomebyhim.Heshowedmeaticket.→Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.→Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.5.一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。Wecan’tlaughhim.→Hecan’tbelaughbyus.Helistenstotheradioeveryday.→Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday. Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.→Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.动句转被动句1hismothertoldhimnottowastetimeonfishing.2FathergavemeatoyatChristmas.3Thisfactoryproducesmachinetools.4Theyshoulddoitatonce.5Heislikelytoletyoudown.6Theynamedthechildtom.答案1Hewastoldnottowastetimeonfishing(byhismother).2IwasgivenatoyatChristmas(bymyfather).3Machinetoolsareproducedinthisfactory.4Itshouldbedoneatonce(bythem).5Youarelikelytobeletdown.6Thechildwasnamedtom.以上几个例子都是从语法书摘抄的。代表了几种不同形式的被动变法。12是不同的动宾短语中宾语变被动；3是一般句子变被动；4是情态动词变被动；5是不定式变被动；6是主—动—宾—补结构的主动句变被动。把下列句子变成被动语态1.Wefoundsomejewelsinabox.2.Theteacheriskeepingthepupilsatschoolforarevision.3.Jameshasleftaparcelforyou.4.YoumustfinishthearticlebeforeFriday.5.Theywillnotpaintthehouseagainnextyear.6.TheypromisedMaryanewdollforherbirthday.7.Ihavetoldthechildrenmanytimesnottoskateonthepond.8.Wheredidhetranslatethestory?9.WehadtorepairourTVset.10.Dotheytakegoodcareofthesick?11.Theycompanyhaspaidtheworkersveryhandsomewages.12.Theyshowedmetheroomwheretheylived.把下列句子变成主动语态1.SpanishisspokeninSouthAmerica.2.Theplanswillhavetoberevised.3.Allthewordsmustbelookedupinadictionary.4.HasJohnbeencuredofhisheartillness?5.Thedoorshouldnothavebeenleftopenallnight.6.Weareafraidthatwemaybeattackedatnight.7.Wearebeingtaughthowtooperatethenewmachine. 用动词的正确时态填空Ourdesksandchairs________________(make)ofwood.Thepaperofbooksandnewspapers______also___________(make)fromwood.Evensomekindsofcloth__________________(make)fromit.Manypeople____________(burn)woodtokeepthemselveswarminwinter.Indeed,wood_______(be)importantinoureverydaylife.Where________wood__________(come)from?It________________(take)fromtreeswhich_____________(grow)inthemountains._________you____________(know)howit____________(get)tousfromthemountains?Firstofall,trees___________(cut)downwhenthey______________(grow)bigenough.Thentheirbranches_______________(cut)off,andlogs_______________(make).Theseheavylogs________________(put)togetherindifferentwaysand_________________(take)downtothefootofthemountains.Someofthem_________________(float使漂流)downthesmallriversandothers_________________(carry)downontrains.Bigtrees________________(cut)downinthemountainseveryyear.Thenyoungones______________________(must,plant)sothatwe______always________________(can,have)enoughwood.Wehavetotakegoodcareofmountainssothatthey__________always_________________(may,cover)withgrowingtrees.翻译1.Theshirtwasheswell.2.Theshirtisbeingwashednow.3.Thedoorwon’tlock.4.Theshopisclosednow.5.Theroomisfilledwithsmoke.6.Itisreportedthatthebigfirehasbeenputout.7.台湾属于中国.8.韩寒的书很畅销.9.这录音机不转.10.火灾是怎样发生的?11.这个问题值得讨论.12.这种布摸起来很柔软.选择正确答案1.WhenIgottohisoffice,I__________thathe_________out.A.told,hadbeenB.wastold,wasC.hadtold,wasD.wastold,hadbeen2.Thevegetablesdidn’ttasteverygood.They______fortoolong.A.cookedB.werecookedC.hadcookedD.hadbeencooked3.Theanti-Japanesewar______in1937andit______eightyears. A.wasbroken,lastedB.brokeout,lastedC.breakout,lastedD.brokeout,waslasted4.Shewasheard__A______anEnglishsong.A.tosingB.singC.sangD.tobesang5.Theseboxesareveryheavy___.A.becarriedB.carryC.carriedD.becarrying6.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse________andalotofthings________.A.hadbeenbrokeninto,hasbeenstolenB.hasbrokeninto,hasbeenstolenC.hadbeenbrokeninto,stolenD.hasbrokeninto,hasstolen7.Coalcan________toproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.A.haveusedB.usedC.beusedD.use8.Johnhasneverdreamtof_________.A.takentoAthensB.takingtoAthensC.betakingtoAthensD.beingtakentoAthens9.Nobodylikes__________.A.laughedatB.laughingatC.beinglaughedatD.beinglaughed10.Thebridge___________willbecompletednextyear.A.builtB.beingbuiltC.isbeingbuiltD.building11.Itissaidthattigers________inAsiayearafteryear.A.arebeingdisappearedB.aredisappearingC.willbedisappearedD.willdisappear12.I’mgoingtoWuhantomorrow.Doyouhaveanything____toyourmother?A.totakeB.takenC.tobetakenD.taking13.Takeiteasy.Thereisnothing______.A.toworryB.tobeworriedC.tobeworriedaboutD.toworryabout14.Yournewcomputerwillsoonbecomeoutdated,becausetechnology_______sofast.A.isdevelopedB.isbeingdevelopedC.hasbeendevelopedD.willdeveloped15.Iwon’tgotothepartyunless_________.A.invitedB.beinginvitedC.beinvitedD.inviting16.Theproblem________lastweekisveryimportant.A.wasdiscussedB.discussedC.beingdiscussedD.bediscussed 17.Weshouldkeeptheanimalsfrom________.A.beendangeredB.endangeringC.beingendangeredD.endangered18.Therearenorivers_______outoftheDeadSea.A.flowedB.flowingC.beingflowedD.beflown19.Thisplacehasbeendestroyed.Sothereisnobamboo______forpandastofeedon.A.leftB.leavingC.leaveD.beleft20.Allthepreparationsforthetask________,andwearereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted练习题1)Itissaidthatanewrobot____byhiminafewdays.A)designedB)hasbeendesignedC)willbedesignedD)willhavebeendesigned2)Wearelate.Iexpectthefilm____bythetimewegettothecinema.A)willalreadyhavestartedB)wouldalreadyhavestartedC)shallhavealreadystartedD)hasalreadybeenstarted3)Shewillstopshowingoffifnonotice____ofher.A)istakenB)takesC)willbetakenD)hastaken4)Diamond____inBrazilin1971.A)isfoundB)hasbeenfoundC)wasfoundD)hadbeenfound5)“Haveyoumovedsintosthenewflat?”“Notyet.Theroom____.”A)hasbeenpaintedB)ispaintedC)paintsD)isbeingpainted6)Mypictures____untilnextFriday.A)won"tdevelop B)aren"tdevelopedC)don"tdevelopD)won"tbedeveloped7)Tim____sincehelosthisjobthreeweeksago.A)hadbeenunemployedB)wasunemployedC)hasbeenunemployedD)hasunemployed8)Agreatnumberofcollegesanduniversities____since1949.A)hasbeenestablishB)havebeenestablishedC)haveestablishedD)hadbeenestablished9)I"llhavetopushthecartothesideoftheroadbecausewe____ifweleaveithere.A)wouldbefinedB)willbefinedC)willbeingfinedD)willhavebeenfined10)“____twoticketsforthenewplayattheGrandTheatreonSaturday.Shallwegoandseeittogether?”A)TheyhavebeengivenB)IhavebeengivenC)IamgivenD)Theyhavegiventome11)Thesubjectoftheselectures____bythelecturecommittee.A)isannouncedB)havebeenannouncedC)areannouncedD)hasbeenannounced12)Ifoundanaspirinbottle____droppedonthefloorofDavid"sroom.A)wasB)hadC)hadbeenD)is13)Thegoods____whenwearrivedattheairport.A)werejustunloadingB)werejustbeenunloadingC)hadjustunloadedD)werejustbeingunloaded14)Ifone____bypride,hewillrejectusefuladviceandfriendlyassistance.A)overcomesB)isovercome C)hasbeenovercomeD)overcome15)Mostenvironmentproblemsexistbecauseadequatemeasuresforpreventingthem____takeninthepast.A)wasnotB)werenotC)werenotbeingD)hadnotbeen16)Yououghttohaveputthemilkintherefrigerator,now____sour.A)IsmellB)itissmeltC)itsmellsD)itissmelling17)Aftertherace____,thecelebrationbegan.A)hadbeenwonB)iswonC)willbewonD)hasbeenwon18)Hewashereforalittlewhile,butIdon"tknowswhereshe____now.A)isB)wasC)hadbeenD)hasbeen18)Theyoungteacherhas____competent.A)beenprovedtobeB)provedtobeC)beenprovedD)provedbeing19)Pluto,theoutermostplanetofthesolarsystem,____photographicallyinMarch1930.A)discoveredB)wasdiscoveredC)bydiscoveryD)whendiscovered20)Togetabetterviewofthestage,____.A)ourseatshadtobechangedB)ourseatswerechangedC)wehadtochangeourseatsD)ourseatswerechangedbyus22)Aftersynthetic____,engineershadabetterchoiceofmaterial.A)createdB)hascreatedC)hasbeencreatedD)hadbeencreated 23)Ithinkmuchattention____yourpronunciation.A)mustbepaidtoB)oughttobepaidtoC)mustpaytoD)shouldbepaidto24)Since1970,millionsofenthusiasts____VitaminC,whichtheybelievecanremedythecommoncold.A)havetakenB)havebeentakenC)havebeentakingD)havebeentaking25)Idon"tremember____thechancetotrythismethod.A)shavingsbeengivenB)tohavebeengivenC)shavingsgivenD)tohavegiven26)Wecouldasksomeonetodotheworkprivatelywithoutit____.A)knowB)beknownC)beingknownD)tobeknown27)Theconstructionofthelaboratory____bytheendofnextmonth.A)mustbecompletedB)musthavebeencompletedC)willbecompletingD)willhavebeencompleting28)TheywouldtellhowtheAfrican____onashiptoanAmericanport.A)wasbroughtB)couldhavebeenbroughtC)hadbeenbroughtD)wastobebrought29)Hedoesnotpossessabicycle,thisoneheuses____toPeter.A)isbelongedtoB)belongedC)belongsD)isbelonging30)Negotiation____againwithMoscowtomorrow,agreateventwillbediscussedthen.A)istobeopened B)isonthepointofopeningC)isgoingtoopenD)opens31)Thereasonforallthechangesbeingmade____tousyet.A)hasnotexplainedB)hasnotbeenexplainedC)didnotexplainedD)werenotexplained32)Experimentsinthephotographyofmovingobjects____inboththeUnitedStatesandEuropewellbefore1900.A)wereconductingB)wereconductedC)hadbeenconductedD)hadconducted33)Whenheturnedthecorner,hefoundhimself____byamaninblack.A)tailedB)beentailedC)wastailedD)hadbeentailed34)Acandidateforthedemocraticpresidentialnomination____atthismoment.A)isinterviewingB)beinginterviewedC)isbeinginterviewedD)interviewing35)Asweapproachedtheworksite,theworkerswereseen____thenewhouse.A)buildingB)buildC)builtD)tobuild36)Asweknow,alltheregulationsinschool____.A)mustkeeptoB)mustbekeptC)mustkeepD)mustbekeptup37)Thecomposition____anymore.A)neednottobecorrectedB)doesn"tneedtobecorrectedC)doesn"tneedbecorrectedD)neednotcorrect 38)Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper____inbroaddaylightyesterdayA)toberobbedB)tohavekeenrobbedC)robbedD)shavingsbeenrobbed39)Hurryup,orthetickets___outbythetimewegetthere.A)willhavesoldB)willsellC)havesoldD)willhavebeensold40)Hecleanedtheglassescarefullyforfearthatit____.A)wasdamagedB)shouldbedamagedC)damagedD)wouldbedamaged被动语态部分练习题答案：1)C2)A3)A4)C5)D6)D7)C8)B9)B10)B11)D12)C13)D14)B15)B16)C17)A18)A19)B20)B21)C22)D23)A24)C25)A26)C27)A28)C29)C30)A31)B32)C33)A34)C35)A36)B37)B38)B39)D40)