初三英语语法代词精讲-钟天映老师 8页

一对一个性化学案教师：钟天映学生：年级：初三科目：英语日期:年月时间：代词代词：用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。分为：一、人称代词：注意：1．人称代词不仅仅指人，也可以指事或物。2．人称代词主格单数he,she和it的复数，都是they，宾格形式也相同，为them。3．第三人称的人称代词分阳性he（him），阴性she（her）和中性it（it），复数只有一个形式they（them），不分性别。选用什么人称代词，取决于所要代替的名词。在数和性上要与所代替的名词保持一致。二、物主代词：（1）形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特性，在句中用作定语，后面必须接名词。Thisismybag.这是我的书包。（2）名词性物主代词具有名词的特性，后面不能再跟名词。它相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”。在句中可作主语、宾语或表语。—Whosebikeisthis？这是谁的自行车？—It"smine.是我的。（mine＝mybike）三、反身代词：反身代词就是代指某人自己，用于所强调的动作与动作执行者的关系，强调主语或宾语为同一人或物，单数以self结尾，复数以selves结尾。例如：MyfathertaughthimselfJapanese.Pleasehelpyourselvestosomefruit,everyone.Thetwelve-year-oldboycantakecareofhimself.Don’tthinktoomuchofyourself.ShetaughtThomasEdisonherself.Thedetectivestoryitselfisworthreading.8 —LiMing,Iwanttoaskforleave.—You’dbetterasktheteacherherself/himself.—Whoistheman?—ItwasMr.Yanghimself.I’mnotquitemyselftoday.今天我感到不舒服。四、指示代词this这；that那；these这些；those那些；such如此的；same同样的注意：such“这样”，sucha这样一个，suchas像…这样的…例如：1）ThatisourEnglishteacher.（主语）2）Thisstorybookisthickerthanthatone.(定语)3）Ipreferthis(these)tothat(those).（宾语）4）Whathelikebestisthis/that?(表语)5）Ihaveneverreadsuchanexcitedbook.（定语）6）Ilikesuchsportsasbasketballandswimming.(定语)7）Suchisourtripplan.(主语)（指上文提到过或刚说过的内容）。8）ShewantsthebookandIwantthesame.(宾语)9）Wewerebornonthesameday.(定语)注意：1）this、these指空间上离说话人较近的人或物，可以与here连用；也指下文将要提到的事。2）that、those指空间上离说话人较远的人或物，可以与there连用；也指刚刚提到过的事。3）打电话或其他场合，看得到的一方用this或these.反之用that或those。打电话时用this介绍自己，用that询问对方。ThisisSallyspeaking.IsthatLinda?我是萨莉，你是琳达吗？4）that常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的单数名词或不可数名词；若前面提到的是复数名词，则用those代替。TheweatherinGuangzhouismuchwarmerthanthatinBeijinginwinter.冬天广州的天气比北京的暖和得多。Thepearsonthistreearebiggerthanthoseonthatone.这棵树上的梨比那棵树上的大。5）6）7）8）9）10）11）such作定语时，如名词前有不定冠词，则用sucha/an+名词。12）在same之前必须加冠词the.。五、疑问代词例如：Whoinvitedyoutodinner?Whoseisthebest?What’sinthebag?Whichofthemwillwintheprize?Whomdidyoumeetonyourwayhome?8 Whatisshedoing?Whichdoyouwant,theredoneortheblueone?Whomareyouwaitingfor?Fromwhomshouldwelearn?Whatareyoutalkingabout?Whoarethosewomen?Whatareyou?Whoseisthenewbike?Whichclassareyouin?Whosereportisthis?Whatsubjectsdoyoustudy?注意：1．Who用于询问别人姓名，身份或关系。What用于询问别人职业。2．Which指的物有范围限制，侧重于哪一个；What指的物无范围限制，侧重于种类。3．Whose用于明确所有者，Whom在口语中，whom多为who代替。六、不定代词：代替不确定不具体的名词的代词。不定代词词义复合形式说明some一些（可数或不可数）something某物、某事someone某人somebody某人一般用于肯定句any一些，任何（可数或不可数）anything任何事物anyone任何人=anybody多用于否定句，疑问句或条件状语从句中no没有，无nothing无物nobody无人noone无一人修饰可数或不可数名词，复合形式只具有名词的作用every每个，所有的everything每一个事物，一切everyone每人=everybody强调共性，词义和all相近all全体、所有的这里表示这里表代替或修饰可数名词时，指两个以上的人或物，也可代替或修饰不可数名词。each每个这里表示这里表强调个性，指两个或两个以上的人或物。few很少（可数）这里表示这里表表示否定afew一些，几个（可）这里表示这里表表示否定little很少（不可数）这里表示这里表表示否定alittle一些（不可数）这里表示这里表表示否定many很多（可数）这里表示这里表_______much很多（不可数）这里表示这里表_______both两个，两者都这里表示这里表仅指两个人或物neither没有人或物这里表示这里表仅指两个人或物none没有人或物这里表示这里表指两个以上的人或物，当指可数名词时，谓语动词用单、复数都可以。either每个这里表示这里表强调个性，指两个或两个以上的人或物。other(s)另一个(些)这里表示这里表_______another另一个，又一个这里表示这里表相当于another8 one一个(人或物)这里表示这里表one的复数形式是ones注意：1．上述不定代词中，every,no是形容词性不定代词，在句中只作定语；而none和由every，some,any,no构成的合成代词是名词性不定代词；其他所有的不定代词既是形容词性又是名词性的。2．不定代词作主语时，要明确这一不定代词究竟是单数还是复数，以确定它和谓语动词在人和数的一致。3．不定代词作定语时，应该注意其所修饰的名词是可数还是不可数，以确定这个名词用单数还是复数。4．几组重要的不定代词：①every,each:都有“每一个”的意思，但each可指两个或两个以上的人或物，而every只能指三个或三个以上的人或物。every是形容词,只能作定语，而each可以作代词和形容词,因此既可作定语，也可作主语或同位语。each作主语的同位语时，主语和谓语动词均为复数。如：Eachofushasgotanewbook.Everystudentisdoinghisbestatschool.②both,all:both指两者“都”，能修饰可数复数名词，bothof能与带冠词、物主代词或指示代词的名词连用，也可跟人称代词的宾格形式；all指三者或三者以上“都”，all和allof都可用于复数可数名词和不可数名词之前。All用作不定代词时，其后常跟由关系代词that引导的定语从句，这时allthat可写成what，值得注意的是：both,all用于否定句时，只是部分否定，意为“并不都……”,“不都是”。all指物时，谓语动词用单数，在语法上是单数，而在概念上是复数。指人时，一般作复数。如Allisnotgoldthatglitters.Allarehere.③some,any:some多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句或疑问句中。但在表示请求、建议、反问的疑问句里，则用some。而any用作“任何”解释时，可用于肯定句或条件从句中。如：Wouldyoulikesomecoffeeorsometea?Ifyouhavequestions,youcancomeanytime.④another指“又一个（些）”或“另外一个（些）”，如anotherapple,anotherfivepeople等；other指“其他的”，其后常跟名词，如otherstudents,otherrooms等；theother指两者中的“另一个”或“另一方面”，如Shehastwodaughters,oneisanurse,theotherisateacher.；others指“他人”或“他物”（不一定是其余的全部），如Afterclass,somestudentsareplayingchess,somearesinging,othersareplayingbasketballontheplayground.；theothers指（除前面提到的以外的全部），如Therearefiftystudentsinourclass,twentyofusarefromthecity,twoofusarefromDafeng,theothersarefromthecountryside.one,theother,another,others和theother的用法区别:总共只有两个人或两样东西时，其中的一个是one，另一个是theother。如：Ihavetwouncles,oneisateacher,theotherisanengineer.总共有两个以上的人或事物，其中的第一个为one，其他的两个或两个以上为theothers。如：ThereareonlytenboystudentsinClassOne.Theothersaregirlstudents.⑤neither,none:neither表示“两者都不”（与both相反），none表示“三者或三者以上都不”（与all相反），它们都是全部否定的句子。⑥(a)few,(a)little:(a)few修饰或代替可数名词，（a）little修饰不可数名词；few和little表否定意义，afew和alittle表肯定意义。它们都能与副词quite,only连用，构成quiteafew,quitealittle（很多）和onlyafew,onlyalittle(很少)。基础练习1.Weshouldlearntogetonwellwith．A．othersB.otherC.theotherD.theothers2.Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?Yes,just．A．alittleB.littleC.afewD.few3.ofthestudentspassedtheexam．Theyallfailed．A.NeitherB.NoneC.BothD.All8 4.LetLinTaodoitby,Heisnolongerakid．A.himB.hisC.himselfD.he5.leavestheclassroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who综合训练PARTⅠ()1.Ican"trepairthemodelship______.Canyouhelp______?A.me;meB.myself;myselfC.myself;meD.me;myself()2.Thebookontheshelfis_______.Shewrote______nameonitscover_______.A.Hers;her;herselfB.Her;hers;herselfC.Herself;her;hersD.Her;herself;herself()3.________LiPing"sbrother.A.HerB.HisC.He"sD.She"s()4.Let_____haveameeting.A.meB.youC.usD.me()5.Wefind______difficulttodealwiththisproblem.A.thatB.itC.thisD.us()6.TheWrightbrothersmadetheflyerallby______.A.theyB.theirsC.themD.themselves()7.Mrbrowntaught_____physicslastterm.A.weB.usC.ourD.ours()8.I’moldenoughtowash_______clothesbymyself.Youcanalsowash________A.my,yourB.mine,yourC.my,yoursD.your,my()9.Johnnevershows___hishomework.A.theirB.themC.theyD.thiers()10.Wheredoesyourgrandmalive?Sheliveswith______.A.usB.weC.myD.you()11.Mymotheroftenhelps______with______maths.A.me,myB.mine,meC.I,myD.myself,me()12.Thisisn’t______skirt.It’s____.A.my,hersB.mine,herC.my,herD.mine,hers()13..Canhekeep_____promise?A.one’sB.hisC.theirD.your()14.Mary’scomputerisasnewas______.A.IB.meC.mineD.myself()15.Itcan’tbeBetty’sschoolbag.______isablueone.A.She’sB.ItsC.HisD.Hers()16.Jack,thisisAlice,afriendof_______.A.himB.yoursC.herD.mine()17._____iswonderfultohaveaswiminsuchhotweather.A.ThisB.HeC.ItD.She()18.HelenhadatriptoHawaii.Shereallyenjoyed____there.A.herB.herselfC.sheD.hers()19.Mr.Liuteaches____English,wealllike____lessonsverymuch.A.us,himB.us,hisC.our,himD.our,his8 ()20.Youcannotfinishthework________.Let______helpyou.A.youself,meB.yourself,mineC.youselves,meD.yourself,mePARTⅡ()1.______ofthetwoengineersshowsgreatinterestintalkingaboutonline-games.A.allB.neitherC.bothD.none()2.Thereisn"t____intoday"snewspaper.   A.anythinginterestingB.somethinginterestingC.nothinginterestingD.interestinganything ()3.Thereis___________withyourwatch.Itgetsslowereveryday.A.nothingwrongB.somethingwrongC.wrongsomethingD.wrongnothing()4.___________Kathy___________Alice___________athomelastSunday.A.Neither...nor…wereB.Both...and…wasC.Either...or...wasD.Notonly…butalso…were()5.MayIhave_____cupoftea?A.theotherB.otherC.anotherD.some()6.--________skirtdoyouprefer?–Thewhiteone.A.WhatB.WhichC.WhoseD.How()7.Therearemanynewhighriseson________sideofHuaihaiRoad.Whatamagnificentview!A.eitherB.bothC.neitherD.all()8.Weshouldhelp______whentheyareintrouble.A.othersB.theothersC.otherD.theother()9.Thetwofishermensaw__________intheskywhiletheywerefishingbyariver.A.somethingstrangeB.anythingstrangeC.strangesomethingD.strangeanything()10.Peter,showmeyour_______hand.What’sinit?A.otherB.theotherC.anotherD.theothers()11.Thedaysinwinterareshorterthan___________insummer.A.thoseB.thatC.theseD.them()12.Intheexam,themorecarefulyouare,the_____mistakesyou’llmake.A.littleB.fewerC.lessD.few()13.______ofmyparentswenttothetheatrebecause_____ofthemweretoobusytogo.A.All,noneB.Both,neitherC.None,allD.Neither,both()14.Ihavethreepencil-boxes.Oneismadeofplastic,______aremadeofwood.A.othersB.theothertwoC.anothertwoD.theother(）15.—I’mgettingfatterandfatter.WhatshouldIdo?—You’dbettereat______foodandtake_______exercise.A.less,lessB.more,moreC.more,lessD.less,more()16.Tom’sChineseisbetterthan_____inhisclass.A.anyboyB.anyoftheothersC.thatofanyboyD.anyotherboy’s()17.I’vegotfourdifferentanswerstothequestions,but___ofthemiscorrect.A.allB.neitherC.bothD.none()18.Ihaven’tboughttheshoes,becauseIlike____thestyle_____thecolour.A.both,andB.either,orC.neither,norD.notonly,butalso()19.---Shallwehave_____beer?---Sure,butonly___8 A．anyalittleB.afewalittleC.littleafewD.some,alittle()20.--“Mum,Ann"scomingtonight.Let"sgiveher______toeat.”--“Goodidea!”   A.anythingniceB.niceanythingC.somethingniceD.nicesomething()21.Sinceyouhavegotonlyoneticket,______you______Tomcanattendthelecture.A.both,andB.neither,norC.either,orD.notonly,butalso()22.Theteachercameintotheclassroomwithabookinonehand,arecorderin______.A.anotherB.otherC.theotherD.others()23.Youhave_______friendshere,doyou?A.someB.fewC.littleD.many()24.Therearen’tmanyorangeshere,butyoucantake______ifyouwantto.A.fewB.afewC.alittleD.little()25.Mysportsshoesaretoosmall.Iwanttobuy___________pair.A.theothersB.theotherC.otherD.another()26.ThoughAliceandJanearemygoodfriends._____ofthemisallowedtoreadmydiary.A.allB.neitherC.bothD.none()27.Studentsareusuallyinterestedinsports.Somelikerunning;somelikeswimming;___________likeballgames.A.theothersB.othersC.theotherD.other()28.Thereis_______inkinmypen.Wouldyougiveme___________?A.little…alittleB.alittle…littleC.few…afewD.afew…few()29._____ofusansweredthephone,forwewereallintheyard.A.EitherB.NeitherC.AllD.None()30.I’msorry.Ican’tunderstandyourmeaning.Canyougiveme____example?A.theotherB.otherC.anotheroneD.another()31.Ifyoucan’tworkouttheproblem,pleasehave____try.A.otherB.theotherC.anotherD.others()32.Somedinosaursweresmall,somewerebig,______hadwingsandcouldfly.A.OthersB.TheothersC.OtherD.Theother()33.Walkingalongthestreets,youcanseemanybeautifulflowerson_____sideofthestreet.A.everyB.allC.bothD.either()34.Thetwinsaresomuchalikethatitisverydifficulttotellonefrom____.A.otherB.theotherC.anotherD.theothers()35.Thedetectiveopenedthewindow___inordertowatchthesuspect.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle()36.Atthetopofthehighmountains,thereisvery___oxygenintheair.A.alittleB.afewC.littleD.few()37.IhavetwoTVset,but_____ofthemisingoodcondition.A.bothB.noneC.neitherD.every()38.________bookisthis?It’smine.A.WhoB.WhoseC.WhichD.What()39.--Howmanymonkeysarethereinthecageleft?--_____.A.NoneB.NooneC.NothingD.notsome()40.Hello,John!Comehereplease.Ihave____totellyou.   A.importantsomethingB.somethingimportantC.importantanythingD.importantnothing8 KEYS:基础练习1-5AABCCPARTⅠ1-10：CACCB;DBCBA11-20：AABCD;DCBBDPARTⅡ1-10：BABCC;BAAAA11-20：ABDBD;DDCDC21-30：CCBBD;BBADD31-40：CADBD;CCBAB8