高三英语语法复习四定语从句 4页

高三英语语法复习四定语从句考点《一》关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词who，whom，whose，which，that引导定语从句时，可在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等句子成分。who代指人，作主语或宾语;whom代指人，作动词宾语或介词宾语;whose代指人或物，作定语;which代指物，作主语或宾语等;that代指人或物，作主语或宾语等。ThisisthedetectivewhocamefromLondon.这就是那位来自伦敦的侦探。Thebookwhich/thatIamreadingiswrittenbyThomasHardy.我正在看的这本书是托马斯·哈代所写。Thedeskwhoselegisbrokenisveryold.那张桌腿已断的桌子已经很旧。1.先行词在定语从旬中作表语时，不管先行词是指人还是指物，引导词都要用that，但在非限制性定语从句中要改用which.He"schangedalot.He"snotthemanthathewas.他变化很大，已不是过去的他了。Thisisnotaneasyquestionthatyouthinkittobe.这个问题不是像你认为的那么容易。Hehasbecomeadoctor，whichhewantedtobe.他成为了一名医生，这是他以前一直梦想的。2."介词+关系代词"可以引导定语从句，但关系代词只可用whom或which，不可用who或that。Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.那个里面放着一部机器的房间是个车间。Inthedarkstreet，therewasn"tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.3."whose+n."引导定语从旬修饰"物"时，可换成"the+n.+ofwhich"或"ofwhich+the+n."。Helivesinabighousewhosewindowfacesthesea.Helivesinabighousethewindowofwhichfacesthesea.Helivesinabighouseofwhichthewindowfacesthesea.4.which引导的定语从句还可修饰前面整个主旬，此时which相当于andthis.Hesucceededinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood，whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.考点《二》which与as引导定语从句有何区别1.as有"正如，就像"之意，在非限制性定语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，从句可位于主旬的前面、中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开;但which引导的非限制性定语从旬一般只能放在主旬之后。Ashadbeenexpected，theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood，whichwehadn"texpected.在as引导的非限制性定语从句中as一般只能做动词be的主语；特别作beknown,besaid,beexpected,beannounced,bereported等的主语。which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，这类实义动词常见的有。如：worry,make,delay,delight等。我们可以说Hemarriedher,whichwasnatural. Hemarriedher,aswasnatural.他同她结婚这是很自然的。也可以说Hesawthegirl,whichdelightedhim.他看见那女孩，这使他很高兴。Hisdogdied,whichmadehimverysad但不能说Hesawthegirl,asdelightedhim.as引导的从句在意义上不可与主句相悖，通常对主句意义起一定辅助作用，而which引导的从句则没有此限制。Theprettygirlmarriedahandsomeyoungman,as/whichwasthoughtverynatural.Thegirlmarriedanoldmanof70,whichwasunexpected.2.such...as...与such...that...的区别。such...as...中的as引导的是定语从句，而such...that...中的that引导的是结果状语从句。当as引导定语从句时，as在从句中一般作主语或宾语，也就是说，as后面的句子实际上是不完整的。而that引导结果状语从句时，that在从句中不作任何成分，即从句是非常完整的句子。Thisissuchadifficultproblemasallofuscan"tworkout.(从句中的workout缺少宾语，前面的as是关系代词，用作workout的宾语。)Thisissuchadifficultproblemthatallofuscan"tworkitout.(从句是完整的句子，前面的that只起引导从句的作用，在从句中不作成分。)3.as引导的定语从句与it作形式主语的主语从句和以what引导的主语从句的区别。试比较:Asisknowntoeverybody，themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.Itisknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.Whatisknowntoeverybodyisthatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.4.thesame…as,such…as,so…as,as…as等结构中的asThisisnotsuchabookasIexpected.Iliveinthesamebuildingashe(livesin).Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.Asmanychildrenascamehereweremyfather’spupils.考点《三》关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系副词常可换成"介词+关系代词".when可换成on/in/bywhich等，where可换成at/in/fromwhich等，why换成forwhich。Istillrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)wefirstmet.Thisvillagewhere(inwhich)hewasbornhasnowtakenonanewlook.Tellmethereasonwhy(forwhich)youmissedtheflight.试比较:ThisisthefactorywhereIpaidavisittheotherday.ThisisthefactorytowhichIpaidavisittheotherday.Thisisthefactorythat/whichIvisitedtheotherday. Fillintheblankswithproperpreps.1.Thisisthebook_____whichIspent5yuan.on2.Thisisthebook_____whichIpaid5yuan.for3.Thisisthebook_____whichwecanlearnalot.from4.Thisisthebook_______whichweoftentalk.about5.Thisisthebook_____whichIwrotedownmanynotes.in2.名词situation，point，case，stage，scene等后也可接where引导的定语从句。Themediacanoftenhelpsolveproblemsanddrawattentiontosituationswherehelpisneeded.媒体通常帮助解决问题，关注那些需要帮助的情况。Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.他们已经到了必须彼此分手的地步。IgottoastagewhereIneededtobeplayingeveryweek.我需要去一个每周能上场的地方。Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing.  那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。Shewantsajobwherehermanagementskillscanbeputtogooduse.她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的工作。3.way后面的定语从句不能用how引导。如way在从句中作状语，应用inwhich或that引导，甚至还可省略引导词;如作主语或宾语应用that或which引导。Idon"tlikethewayinwhichhetalks.Idon"tliketheway(that)hetalks.Thewaythat/whichhethoughtoftosolvetheproblemmightbehelpful.4.fromwhere，sincewhen，bywhen为"介词+关系副词"结构，它们也可以引导定语从句。Tomhidhimselfbehindthedoor，fromwherehecouldhearthestepsofhismotherclearly.汤姆躲藏在门后面，从那里他可以清楚地听到妈妈的脚步声。Shelefthomethreeyearsago，sincewhenwehaven"theardfromher.三年前她离家出走，从此我们就没有她的音信。又如Intheoffice,Ineverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m.bywhichtimemanypeoplehavegonehome.Thehouse,onwhosedoorIdroppedalineinchalk,belongstomyfriendJohn.Hemaycome,inwhichcaseI"llaskhim.Thedriverwasthemanfromwhoseroomshehadstolenthemaps.5.特别提示:判断定语从句用什么引导词的关键是看先行词在从句中作什么成分。①.ThisisthetownwhereIwasborn.Thisisthetownthat/whichIvisitedlastweek.　ThisisthetownwhereIvisitedthemodernequipmentlastweek②.IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIcametoschool. Iwillneverforgetthedaythat/whichIspentwithyou.③.Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate.Thisisthereasonthathetoldme.④ShetookmetotheschoolIvisitedlastyear.A.thesame;asB.thesame;whereCthesame;thatD.asthesame;asMrsBlacktookthepolicebacktoplaceshewitnessedtherobbery.A.thesame;asB.thesame;whereCthesame;thatD.asthesame;as6.特殊的引导词Asmanychildrenascameweregivensomecakes.Heisasdiligentamanaseverlived.Thereisnomotherbutlovesherchildren．没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。ThereisnoruleinEnglishbuthasexceptions.英语中没有无例外的规则。Hesmokedmorecigarettesthanhebought.他吸的香烟比他买的要多Weoftenadvisehimnottodrinkmorewinethanisgoodforhishealth.考点《四》关系副词where引导的定语从句与where引导的地点状语从句或名词性从句的区别You"dbettermakeamarkatthespotwhereyouhaveanyquestions.(定语从句，修饰thespot)你最好在有问题的地方作个记号。You"dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyques-tions.(状语从句)你最好在有问题的地方作个记号。Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethingswhereyoucanfindthemagain.(地点状语从句)你应养成习惯，把东西放在能找得着的地方。Goandgetyourcoat.It"swhereyouleftit.(表语从句)去把你的大衣取来，它在你原来放的地方放着呢。考点《五》非限制性定语从句与并列句的识别非限制性定语从句与主句之间要用"逗号"分隔，并且不能加入and，but，so等连接词。并列句一般由and，but，so等词连接，或中间用"分号"隔开。Hepaidtheboy£10forwashingthewindows，mostofwhichhadn"tbeencleanedforatleastayear.Hepaidtheboy£10forwashingthewindows，andmostofthemhadn"tbeencleanedforatleastayear.Hepaidtheboy£10forwashingthewindows;mostofthemhadn"tbeencleanedforatleastayear.John"sparentskepttellinghimthatheshouldworkhard，butitdidn"thelp.Iadvisedhimtogiveupsmoking，whichdidn"thelp.