高中英语语法精讲精练非谓语动词 11页

高中英语语法精讲精练---非谓语动词分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语（一）分词做定语单个现在分词形式或过去分词形式作定语时，一般说来放在中心词（被修饰的名词或代词）之前；现在分词形式或过去分词形式短语作定语时，放在被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。1)ThatisaninterestingTVseries.那是一部非常有趣的电视剧。2)Thegirlsittingbymysideismycousin.坐在我旁边的是我表妹。3)TheexcitedchildrenwereopeningtheirChristmaspresents.兴奋的孩子们正在打开他们的圣诞礼物。4)Theyreducedthenumberofanimalsusedinexperiments.他们减少了用于试验的动物数量。【usedinexperiments=whichwereusedinexperiments】（二）分词做表语现在分词作表语表示主语的特征，常用于事物；过去分词作表语表示主语的状态，常用于人。1)Thenewsisreallyexciting.那消息真让人兴奋。2)Shelookeddisappointedaftershelostthegame.输掉那场比赛后，她看上去很失望。（三）分词做宾语补足语现在分词形式和过去分词形式可作复合宾语中的补足语。1.在表示感觉和心理状态的动词see、hear、feel、smell、listen(to)、notice、observe、smell、watch这类表示感觉的动词之后常跟“宾语+现在分词”的复合结构，这种动词与分词之间的宾语可以是普通名词或专有名词（人名等），也可以是代词宾格（him、us等）。　1)Shesmeltsomethingburningandsawsmokerising.　　她闻到有东西在燃烧并看到有烟升起来了。　2)Iwatchedthemrehearsingtheplay.我看他们排演戏。3)Icouldfeelthewindblowingonmyface.我能感觉到风吹在我的脸上。2. 表示“致使”等意义的动词，如catch、find、leave、give、have、get后也可跟上述(1)的结构，有时也可跟过去分词结构。1)Theteachercaughtaboycheating.老师发现一个男生（考试）作弊。2)Youshouldmakeyourviewsknown.你应当让别人了解你的看法。3)She’shavinghereyestested.她正在验光。（练习一）1.Idon"tknowthegirl______inthesnowstorm.　　A.tocatchB.caughtC.catchingD.tobecatching2.Thegirl_______downbyacarwasdying.　　A.knockB.knockingC.knockedD.toknock3.Theforeignguests,________byaninterpreter,cameoutofthehall.　　A.followingB.tofollowC.followedD.tobefollowed4.Theproblem_______soquicklylasteveningwillnotbesetagainanywhere.　　A.havingbeensettledB.settle　　B.besettledD.settled5.Therewasan_________lookonhisfacewhentheactressappeared.　　A.excitedB.exciteC.excitingD.excitement6.Thechildren__________atthehospitalyesterdaywereseriouslyill.　　A.toexamineB.examinedC.examineD.examining7.Hetalkedabouthissuggestions_________byyouyesterday.　　A.beenturneddownB.turneddown　　C.tobeturneddownD.toturndown8.Thisisthepackage________atthepostofficelastnight.　　A.beweighedB.tobeweighed　　C.toweighD.weighed9.Anislandisasmallpieceofland_______bywater.　　A.surroundedB.surrounding　　C.tobesurroundedD.beingsurrounded10.Themanagerswillagaindiscusstheplan_______lastweek.　　A.carriedoutB.carryingout 　　C.carryoutD.tocarryout11.Aftertheheavyrain,manycarsgot________inthemud.　　A.catchB.catchingC.caughtD.beingcaught12.Whatsurprisedmemostwasthattheleaderofthatcountrygot________.　　A.killB.killingC.killedD.tobekilled13.WhenIwentin,theywere________inaheateddiscussion.　　A.absorbB.absorbed　　C.absorbingD.beingabsorbed14.Acookwillbefiredimmediatelyifheisfound_____inthekitchen. A.smoke    B.smoking    C.tosmoke    D.smoked15.Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimself_____. A.hear    B.tohear    C.hearing    D.heard（练习二）1.Pricesofdailygoods______throughInternetcanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying2.Tomsoundsvery_______inthejob,butI’mnotsurewhetherhecanmanageit.A.interestedB.interestingC.interestingly3.When_______,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted4.Thisplantissovulnerable(脆弱的)thatonce_______byanydisease,itcan’tsurvive.A.attacksB.havingattackC.attackingD.attacked5.LindaworkedfortheMinnesota(美国.明尼苏达州)ManufacturingandMiningCompany,______as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown6.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardremain______astheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating7.——I’mvery______withmyowncooking.Itlooksniceandsmellsdelicious.——Mm,Itdoeshavea______smell.A.pleasant;pleasedB.pleased;pleased C.pleasant;pleasantD.pleased;pleasant8.Though______rathertired,heinsistedonhelpingtheoldladycarrythebox.A.feelingB.feelsC.feltD.wasfeeling9.______inahurry,thisnovelwasnotasgoodashispreviousone.A.WritingB.WrittenC.TobewriteD.Tobewritten10.Fromthe_______expressiononhisface,Iknowhelostthegame.A.disappointedB.disappointingC.tobedisappointD.todisappointⅡ．语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯性的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词语或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。Architecturelooksattheman-madelivingenvironment.Everygreatcultureinthepasthaditsownideasofbeauty31(express)inartandarchitecture．Whenyoulookaround32buildings,streets，squaresandparks,youwillfind33designed，plannedandbuiltindifferentstyles.Modernismwasinventedinthe1920sbyagroupofarchitects34wantedtochangesocietywithbuildingsthatwentagainst35feelingofbeauty．Theywantedtheirbuildingsconstructedinaway36lookunnatural．37intraditionalarchitecturematerialssuchasearth，stone，brickandwoodareused，thematerialsofmodernarchitecture38(be)steel,glassandconcrete.Tosomepeoplemodernarchitectureequalsprogress.Developingcountrieswanttobuildthemostmodern-lookingbuildingsasthefirststeptowardsbecoming39moderncountry.However,manydonotfindmodernbuildingsbeautifulbecausetheylooklikeboxeswithflat40(roof),sharpcornersandglasswallsthatactasmirrors.分词做状语&现在分词的时态和语态一、分词作状语1. 分词作状语分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。通常可转换为相应的状语从句，表示方式和伴随情况时可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分。1)Seeingtheteacherenteringtheclassroom,thestudentsstoodup.(=Whenthestudentssawtheteacherenteringtheclassroom,theystoodup.)学生看见老师走进房间，都站了起来。(时间)2)Heated,icewillbechangedintowater.(=Whenitisheated...)加热时，冰会变成水。(条件、时间)3)Beingexcited,Icouldn’tgotosleep.(=AsIwasexcited,Icouldn’tgotosleep.)我兴奋得睡不着觉。(原因)4)Shestoodthere,listeningtothebroadcast.(=Shestoodthereandlistenedtothebroadcast.)她站在那儿听广播。(伴随)5)Thechildrenwentawaylaughing.(=Thechildrenwentaway.Theylaughedastheywent.)孩子们笑着走开了。(方式)6)Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.(=Althoughtheyknowallthis...)他们尽管了解这一切，还是要我赔偿损失。(让步)☆分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。（也就是说分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。）1)Laughingandtalkingloudly,theaudienceleftthestadiumafterthematch.比赛结束后，观众们大声说着，笑着离开了赛场。2)Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylookssignificant.从山顶看这座城市时，它看起来很壮观。【练兵题】用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空。1.Hesentthecompanyanothere-mail,________(hope)togetfurtherinformationaboutthejob.2.Unless________(invite)tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.3.________(give)moretime,hewillmakeafirstclasstennisplayer.4.______(See)fromspace,ourearth,withwatercovering70%ofitssurface,appearsasa“blueplanet”.5.Shewassittinginanarmchair________(read)abook.6.HeisastudentatOxfordUniversity,_______(study)foradegreeincomputerscience.7.Asthelightturnedgreen,Istoodforamoment,not_________(move),andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.8.______(drive)byagreaterdemandofvegetables,farmershavebuiltmoregreenhouses. 9.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance,________(let)inthenaturallightduringtheday.10.My sister,aninexperiencedrider,wasfoundsittingonthebicycle___(try)tobalanceit.11._______(see)thatshewasgoingofftosleep,Iaskedifshe’dlikethatlittledollonherbed.12.__________(walk)inthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring.13.____________(realize)thathewasingreatdanger,Ericwalkeddeeperintotheforest.14._________(throw)theirhatsintotheair,thefansofthewinningteamletoutloudshoutsofvictory.2.作时间或条件状语时，为了明确其意义，有时可在其前加上when，while，if，once，although，until等连词。例如：1)Pleasetakenoteswhilelisteningtothereport.听报告时请作好笔记。2)Whenexplainingittoher,youshouldbepatient.对她解释这件事时，你应该耐心些。3)Althoughworkingveryhard,hefailedtopassthefinalexam.虽然很努力，但他还是没有通过期末考试。4)Iftranslatedwordbyword,thepassagewillbedifficulttounderstand.倘若是逐字逐句地翻译，这段文章将深奥难解（难以被理解）。【练兵题】☆_____________________(当穿越街道的时候),youcanneverbetoocareful.二、现在分词的时态与语态1.现在分词形式的时态现在分词形式除了一般式形式外，还有完成式“havingdone”，表示现在分词形式动作发生在谓语动作之前。1)Nothavingreceivedhermother’sletter,hedecidedtowriteanother.在没有收到他母亲的来信之后,他决定再写一份。2)Havingnoteddownournamesandaddresses,thepolicemandismissedus.那警察把我们的姓名和地址记下之后就让我们走了。2.现在分词形式的语态现在分词形式还有被动式。一般式的被动式是“beingdone”；完成式的被动式是“havingbeendone”。 （1）若动作与谓语动作几乎是同时发生，而且有逻辑上的动宾关系，可用“being+过去分词”的形式。1)Beingsurroundedbyalargecrowdofhisfans,YaoMingcouldhardlymoveastepfurther.姚明被他的一大群球迷簇拥着，他几乎无法挪动一步。2)Thetopicsbeingdiscussedeverywhererecentlyisconcernedaboutthe2008Olympics.最近到处在议论的话题都与2008年奥运会有关。（2）若想明确表示现在分词形式动作发生在谓语动作之前，可用分词的完成形式“havingbeendone”。1)Havingbeendiscussedseveraltimes,thedecisionwasfinallymade.经过几次讨论之后，终于作出了决定。2)Havingbeentrainedtoplaythepianosinceherchildhood,shehasbecomeanexcellentpianist.自从童年开始就接受钢琴训练，她成了一名优秀的钢琴家。【练兵题】1.____________________(还没有收到)hisbrother’se-mail,hewasveryworriedandwroteanother.2.____________________________(已经被翻译成多种语言),thebookispopularallovertheworld.分词综合巩固练习2011年各地高考链接1.(全国卷I)Thenextthinghesawwassmoke______frombehindthehouse.A.roseB.risingC.toriseD.risen2.（全国卷II）Theisland,______tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.A.joiningB.tojoinC.joinedD.havingjoined3.（全国卷II）Sarahpretendedtobecheerful,______nothingabouttheargument.A.saysB:saidC.tosayD.saying4.（北京卷）Sitdown,Emma.Youwillonlymakeyourselfmoretired,______onyourfeet.A.tokeepB.keepingC.havingkeptD.tohavekept5.(上海卷)It’snouse____________withouttakingaction.A.complainB.complainingC.beingcomplainedD.tobecomplained6.(上海卷)Therarefish,_____fromthecookingpot,hasbeenreturnedtothesea. A.savedB.savingC.tobesavedD.havingsaved7.(上海卷)AtonepointImadeupmymindtotalktoUncleSam.ThenIchangedmymind,____thathecoulddonothingtohelp.A.torealizeB.realizedC.realizingD.beingrealized8.（山东卷）Lookoverthere—there’saverylong,windingpath______uptothehouse.A.leadingB.leadsC.ledD.tolead9.（江西卷）Onreceivingaphonecallfromhiswife_____shehadafall,MrGordonimmediatelyrushedhomefromoffice.A.saysB.saidC.sayingD.tosay10.（江苏卷）Recentlyasurvey_____pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.A.comparedB.comparingC.comparesD.beingcompared11.（安徽卷）Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasier_____intosmallpieces.A.breakB.breakingC.brokenD.tobreak12.（浙江卷）Eventhebestwriterssometimesfindthemselves______forwords.A.loseB.lostC.toloseD.havinglost13.（福建卷）TsinghuaUniversity,____in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.A.foundB.foundingC.foundedD.tobefounded14.（四川卷）Lydiadoesn’tfeellike_____abroad.Herparentsareold.A.studyB.studyingC.studiedD.tostudy15.（四川卷）______animportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasachancetobecomefamous.A.OfferB.OfferingC.OfferedD.Tooffer状语从句与非谓语的相互转化1．Sincehewasdefeated,helefttheroomsadly._______________,helefttheroomsadly. 2.Oncehehadbeenappointedsupremecommander,hetookthesternmeasuresexpectedofhim._____________________supremecommander,hetookthesternmeasuresexpectedofhim.3.Thestranger,afterhehaddiscardedhisjacket,movedthreateninglytowardsme.Thestranger,_________________hisjacket,movedthreateninglytowardsme.4.Hewrotehisgreatestnovelwhilehewasworkingonafreighter.Hewrotehisgreatestnovel____________________onafreighter.5.Onceitwaspublished,thebookcausedaremarkablestir.Once____________________,thebookcausedaremarkablestir.6.Sincehewaspersuadedbyouroptimism,hegladlycontributedtimeandmoneytothescheme.____________________byouroptimism,hegladlycontributedtimeandmoneytothescheme.7.Asheisafarmer,heissuspiciousofallgovernmentalinterference.____________________afarmer,heissuspiciousofallgovernmentalinterference.8.Thegirl,whowasupsetbytheactivitiesoftheghost,decidedtoleave.Thegirl,____________________bytheactivitiesoftheghost,decidedtoleave.____________________bytheactivitiesoftheghost,thegirldecidedtoleave.9.Theclimbersreturned,whowerehungryandexhausted.Theclimbersreturned,____________________.10.Thechildren,aftertheyhadeatentheirfill,wereallowedtoleavethetable.Thechildren,____________________theirfill,wereallowedtoleavethetable.定语从句与非谓语的转化1.Thesubstance,whichwasdiscoveredalmostbyaccident,hasrevolutionizedmedicine.Thesubstance,____________________almostbyaccident,hasrevolutionizedmedicine.2.ThebookwhichislyingonthetableisMary’s.Thebook____________________thetableisMary’s.3.Thegirlwhostoodinthecornerwaswearingmake-up.Thegirl____________________inthecornerwaswearingmake-up.4.Thedogwhichwasbarkingnextdoorsoundedlikeaterrier. Thedog____________________nextdoorsoundedlikeaterrier.5.Atilewhichfellfromaroofshatteredintofragmentsathisfeet.Atile____________________aroofshatteredintofragmentsathisfeet.6.HeistalkingtoagirlwholookslikeJoan.Heistalkingtoagirl____________________Joan.7.Anycoinsthatmaybefoundonthissitemustbehandedtothepolice.Anycoins____________________mustbehandedtothepolice.定语从句与动词不定式转换：1.ThenexttrainthatarrivedwasfromYork.Thenexttrain____________________wasfromYork.2.Thetimeatwhicheveryoneshouldarriveis8pm.Thetime____________________is8pm.3.TheplaceatwhichyoushouldstayistheHilton.Theplace____________________istheHilton.4.Thecasewhichwillbeinvestigatedtomorrowisconnectedwiththeexplosion.Thecase____________________isconnectedwiththeexplosion.非限制性定语从句与非谓语的转换：1.Theappletree,whichwasswayinggentlyinthebreeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.Theappletree,____________________gentlyinthebreeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.2.Thesubstance,whichwasdiscoveredalmostbyaccident,hasrevolutionizedmedicine.Thesubstance,____________________almostbyaccident,hasrevolutionizedmedicine.3.Theman,whowaswearingsuchdarkglasses,obviouslycouldnotseeclearly.Theman,____________________,obviouslycouldnotseeclearly.4.Thecost,whichincludesmeals,isninetyfranks.Thecost,____________________,isninetyfranks. 参考答案：分词作定语（练习一）1-5BCCDA6-10BBDAA11-15CCBBD（练习二）1-5BAADB6-10CDABA分词作定语语法填空2009011231．expressed32．at33．them34．who35．people’s36．to37．While38．are39．a40．roofs分词做状语1.hoping2.invited3.Given4.Seen5.reading6.studying7.Bmoving8.Driven9.letting10.trying11.Seeing12.Walking13.Notrealizing14.Throwing现在分词的时态与语态1.Nothavingreceived2.Havingbeentranslatedintoseveralforeignlanguages分词作状语2011年高考真题1-5BCDBB6-10ACACB11-15CBCBC状语从句与非谓语的相互转化1.Defeated2.(Once)appointed3.havingdiscarded4.whileworking5.published6.Persuaded7.Being8.upset；Upset9.hungryandexhausted10.havingeaten定语从句与非谓语的转化1.discovered2.lyingon3.standing4.barking5.fallingfrom6.lookinglike7.foundonthissite定语从句与动词不定式转换：1.toarrive2.toarrive3.foryoutostay4.tobeinvestigatedtomorrow非限制性定语从句与非谓语的转换：1.swaying2.discovered3.wearingsuchdarkglasses4.includingmeals