高中英语语法非谓语部分 16页

第三部分非谓语动I.非谓语动词的意义、形式和用法一、什么叫非谓语动词？与谓语动词有什么区别？ 非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。英语一句话只能有一个主谓结构,如果出现更多动词： 1.加连词（and/but/so…） 2.放入从句 3.变为非谓语动词（主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语）①Atlast,wefoundourselvesinapleasantparkwithtreesprovidingshadeand_D____downtoeatourpicniclunch.(2005上海） A.sittingB.havingsat C.tositD.sat ②Pricesofdailygoods_B____throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices. A.areboughtB.bought C.havebeenboughtD.buying 二、非谓语动词有哪些？ 非谓语动词分为三种形式：1.todo不定式（将要发生的）2.—ing动名词或现在分词（同时进行）3.—ed过去分词（被动、完成）根据时态和语态可具体分为：非谓语动词一般式进行式完成式动词不定式todotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendoneV.—ingdoingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone过去分词done三、非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？非谓语动词主语宾语表语补语定语状语动词不定式V.—ing过去分词 四、非谓语动词所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作的先后关系是什么？ 弄清非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作之间的先后关系是解题的关键所在非谓语表示的动作 非谓语动词的形式 在谓语表示的动作之后todo/tobedone与谓语表示的动作同时发生todo/tobedone/tobedoing;doing/beingdone; 在谓语表示的动作之前done;tohavedone/tohavebeendone;havingdone/havingbeendone II.非谓语动词考点巧讲一、非谓语动词用法区别一）不定式和ing动名词作主语的区别： 1.表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。 2.动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。 1)Smokingisprohibited(禁止)here. 2)Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch. 3.若主语和表语都是非谓语动词,应保持形式上的一致。Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.1).It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview.___d_____theanswersready willbeofgreathelp. A.TohaveB.Havinghad C.HaveD.Having 2).Infact__d___isahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantmatch. A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it 4.下列句型中常用动名词作主语:It’snogood/usedoingsomething.二）不定式和动名词作宾语的区别：1.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如： ……manage,promise,pretend,plan,offer,agree,ask,dare,choose,fail,help(帮助)，want(想要),refuse等。只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀：决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事 迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事decidetodosth.决定做某事 want∕wouldliketodosth.想做某事 plantodosth.计划做某 needtodosth.需要做某事 agreetodosth.同意做某事 affordtodo能做某事 beusedtodo被用来做 can’twaittodo迫不及待地要做某事 makeupone’smindtodo下决心做某事 usedtodo过去常常做某事 failtodo未能做某事 2.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如： ……practise,appreciate,dislike,excuse,forgive,keep,resist,risk,deny,advise,fancy,complete,forbid,permit,allow,stand,referto,giveup,leadto,taketo,setabout,getdownto,objectto,succeedin,havedifficultyin...只能接-ing作宾语的动词口诀：喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习错过建议保持介意值得考虑enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事 spend...doingsth.花费…做某事 bebusydoingsth.忙于做… imaginesb.doingsth.想象…做某事 can"thelpdoingsth.忍不住做某事 feellikedoingsth.想要做某事 finishdoingsth.完成做某事 practicedoingsth.练习做某事 missdoingsth.错过做某事 suggestdoingsth.建议做某事 keep(on)doingsth.保持（继续）做某事 minddoingsth.介意做某事 beworthdoingsth.值得做某事 considerdoingsth.考虑做某事 注意：此to非彼tolookforwardtodoingsth.（盼望） payattentiontodoingsth.（注意） beusedtodoingsth.（习惯于） preferdoingsthtodoingsth.（更喜欢） devotetodoingsth（致力于） makeacontributiontodoing（做贡献）1)Ican’tstand___c___withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_____talkingwhile sheworks. A.working;stoppingB.towork;stopping C.working;tostopD.towork;tostop 2)Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk_b__thegoodopportunity. A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglost 3.有些动词如begin,start;love,like,hate,prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing分词作宾语，意义上无多大区别(但ing分词一般表示经常性的行为；不定式表示具体的行为)。 1)Ilike____c______verymuch,butIdon"tlike_________thisafternoon. 　　A.swimming,swimming   B.toswim,toswim C.swimming,toswim   D.toswim,swimming 2)LittleJimshouldlove_____a_____tothetheatrethisevening A.tobetaken B.totake     C.beingtaken  D.taking 如果like,love,prefer前有would/should,后面则应该接动词不定式。wouldlike还有哪些用法？思考：下列情况中动词后接不定式还是接ing分词作宾语呢？ 1).OnlythendidIbegin__________________(see)shewasreallygoodtome. 2).Themomenthereturnedhome,Iwasstarting/beginning____________________(cook)supper. 3).Thewaterbegan________________(freeze).4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。 如：forget，goon，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等Stoptodo停下来去做stopdoing停止做Forgettodo忘记要做forgetdoing忘记做过Remembertodo记得要做rememberdoing记得做过Regrettodo遗憾要做regretdoing后悔做过Trytodo企图做，尽力做trydoing试着做Goontodo继续做（另一件事）goondoing继续做（同一件事）Meantodo打算做meandoing意味做InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_______foranotherhour.AwaitingBtowaitingCwaitDtobewaiting答案：A5.Need,require,want作“需要”讲，其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义，beworth也有类似用法。如：Theflowersneedwatering/tobewatered.Theproblemisworthdiscussing.Practice1）Myadvisorencouraged_____asummer coursetoimprovemywritingskills. A.formetakingB.metaking C.formetotakeD.metotake 2）Childrenshouldbeallowed______theirowndecisions. A.makingB.tomake C.makeD.havingmade三）作宾补的区别　 1.能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语的动词有：ask,advise,tell,force,get, allow,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,intend,expect,encourage,persuade,permit,request, order,warn,cause等。 2.使役动词，感官动词接 不带to的不定式作宾语补足语；和带to的不定式作主语补足语。 常见的使役动词有make,let,have等； 感官动词有see,hear,watch,observe,notice,feel以及lookat,listento等。翻译：你宁愿让谁和你一起去？3.不定式和分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语表达的意义不同。 ①Iheardher______(sing)anEnglishsongjustnow. ②Iheardher________(sing)anEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday. ③IheardtheEnglishsong______(sing)manytimes. (4)IheardtheEnglishsong____________(sing)whenIpassedbyherroomyesterday. 四）作定语的区别不定式、ing分词和过去分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。 不定式作定语和被修饰的名词具有“动宾关系”,即被修饰的名词是不定式的动作的承受者;如果不定式是不及物动词，就要在不定式动词后加上相应的介词 分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是： 现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表 示的动作之后即将发生的动作。例如： ①Thequestion_____ed_____(discuss)atthemeetingyesterdayisofquiteimportance. ②Thequestion____beinged_________(discuss)atthemeetingnowisofquiteimportance. ③Thequestion_____tobeed_________(discuss)atthemeetingtomorrowisofquiteimportance. 注：ing分词作定语有时意义不同： flyingfish飞鱼 arunningdog走狗 afallingtide落潮 acryingboy哭着的孩子 arunningmachine aswimmingpool awaitingroom awalkingstick afishingpole areadingroom 五）作状语的区别现在分词与不定式作结果状语时的区别 1).Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,____a_____itthemostpopularsportintheworld.(NMET1998) A.makingB.makesC.makeD.tomake 2).Hehurriedtothestationonly____a____thatthetrainhadleft.(2005广东) A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound 现在分词作结果状语往往表示“正常出现的、自然而然的或意料之中”的结果。不定式作结果状语时通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料的”一种结果 六）作表语的区别动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释解或用来表示“身份、职业”等。这时主语与表语位置可以互换 ①Themainjoboftheantqueenislayingeggs. ②Ourworkisservingthepeople． 现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别 表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词，汉语注解不是“激动”、“高兴”，而是“使得激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebodyisinterestedin...，若人/物本身有趣时，就是sb./sth.isinteresting delighting　令人高兴的——delighted　感到高兴的 disappointing令人失望的——disappointed感到失望的 encouraging令人鼓舞的——encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的——pleased感到愉快的 puzzling令人费解的——puzzled感到费解的 satisfying令人满意的——satisfied感到满意的 surprising令人惊异的——surprised感到惊异的 worrying令人担心的——worried感到担心的 二、动名词的复合结构 动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。 1)LiPing’s/Myhelpinghermovedherdeeply.(动名词结构作主语,其逻辑主语用所有格)2)Iappreciateyour/you/LiPing’s/LiPingcomingtoseeme.动名词结构作宾语,其逻辑主语用宾格或所有格均可) 3)Isthereanyhopeofourteamwinningthematch?逻辑主语是无生命名词时,只用普通格 4)Whatmademeangrywasmanystudentsfailingintheexam. (以-s结尾的名词,只用普通格)Practice1)Iwouldappreciate__c___backthisafternoon. A.youtocallB.youcall C.yourcallingD.you’recalling 2)____c____madehermotherveryangry. A.MarymarryingJimB.Mary’smarriedJim C.Mary’smarryingJimD.Mary’sbeingmarriedJim 3).Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto__c____. A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethief C.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught 4).Thenoiseof_c___couldbeheardoutinthestreet. A.desksopeningandclosingB.desksopenedandclosed C.desksbeingopenedandclosedD.desks’beingopenedandclosed三、独立主格结构当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，带逻辑主语的分词短语成为独立主格结构，在句法功能上起状语作用。例如：Weatherpermitting,theywillgoandvisitthesciencemuseum.Themeetingbeingover,theyalllefttheroom.III.实战演练一、非谓语动词题目三步走：1.判定题目是否考察非谓语2.判断主被动关系3.判断时间先后顺序二、做题时需注意的要点：1．动词不定式一般式表示的动作可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生,也可能在其之后发生。 例如：Isawtheyoungmanenterthehouse.（同时发生）Ihopetogotherenexttime.（之后发生）2．不定式完成式表示不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生。例如：I’msorrytohavebrokenyourglasses.3．不定式进行式表示不定式的动作，与谓语动词同时发生。例如：Whenhecamein,Ihappenedtobereadingatthetable.4．不定式的被动式有两种形式：tobedone表示将要被做，tohavebeendone表示已被做。例如：Thenewcinematobeputupnextyearwillbeverylarge.Thecinemaissaidtohavebeenbuiltlastyear.5.在表示情绪的动词，如like,love,hate,prefer等后，用动名词作宾语表示一般倾向，用不定式表示特定某事。但在would/shouldlike/love/prefer后要用不定式例如：Ihateeatingthesamefoodeveryday.WouldyouliketowatchTVintheevening?6.在动词need,want,require后用动名词表示被动含义，相当于动词不定式的被动式；而用动词不定式的主动式表示主动含义。例如：Thehouseneedscleaning.=Thehouseneedstobecleaned.Heneedstocleanthehousefirst.7.在介词后一般用动名词作宾语，但在少数介词，如but,except后用动词不定式作宾语，但要注意“to”的省略，如but前有“do”则省去“to”。例如：Ihavedonenothingbuthelphimwithhisluggage.Ihavenochoicebuttowaitforhimatthebusstop.8.分词的完成式一般不用来作定语，因此，要表示完成主动的意思常用定语从句。例如：Theaccidentwhichhappenedyesterdaywasveryserious.9.如果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子不是相同的，则要用从句或分词独立主格结构来表示。例如：Weatherpermitting,wewillgototheCenterPark.10.分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语相一致。若它们之间的关系是主谓关系，用现在分词，而动宾关系则用过去分词。如果分词的动作先于谓语，分词要用完成时。例如：Havingfinishedhiscomposition,hewenthome.Whilelookingthroughthepaper,hefoundsomeerrors.三、巩固练习A1.Whenhewasaboy,heusedtogothereandwatch_____.A.torepairbicyclesB.bicyclestoberepairedC.bicyclesbeingrepairedD.repairingbicycles2.---Haveyouconsidered_____yourjobasateacher?　---Yes.Ilikethejobbecauseateacherisoftenconsidered_____agardener.A.tochange;tobeB.tochange;beingC.changing;beingD.changing;tobe3.Thedog,_____,willbemadeagoodwatchdog.A.totrainproperlyB.beingtrainedproperlyC.properlytotrainD.trainedproperly4._____thediamond,hehadtolookforaplacetohideit.A.HavingstolenB.HavingbeenstolenC.StolenD.Stealing5._____thefrontdoor_____,hehadtoentertheroomthroughthebackdoor.A.Seen;paintedB.Seeing;painted C.Beingseen;beingpaintedD.Seeing;beingpainted6.Andthere,almost_____inthebigchair,satherlittlebrother,whoneverhadtobetoldtokeepquiet.A.havinglostB.losingC.tobelostD.lost7.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman_____hishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting8.Toanswercorrectlyismoreimportantthan_____.A.thatyoufinishquicklyB.finishingquicklyC.tofinishquicklyD.finishquickly9.Theoldfarmer,_____thebadlyinjuredandburntsoldier,cameoutoftheburningfarmhouse,callingcontinuouslyforhelp.A.supportingB.havingsupportedC.beingsupportedbyD.beingsupported10.InJanuary,2004,theUnitedStatessuccessfullylaunched“Spirit”,aMarsExplorationRover,_____anewmilestoneinthehistoryofmankind.A.itmarkedB.markingC.markedD.tomark11.Itwasgettingdark;Ifoundacar_____inapoolbythesideoftheroad.A.tobestuckB.stuckC.stickingD.stick12.Youcan’timaginewhatgreattroubletheyhave_____theproblem_____.A.tosolve;beingtalkedaboutB.solving;discussingC.tosolve;totalkaboutD.solving;beingdiscussed13.Themonumentwasbuiltinhonoroftheexplorerwhowasbelieved_____theriver.A.tohavediscoveredB.tohavebeendiscoveredC.todiscoverD.havingbeendiscovered14.Thethieffelltotheground,hisleftfoot_____andblood_____downfromhismouth.A.breaking;runningB.broken;runningC.breaking;runD.broken;run15.Theprogramwassoexcitingthatthechildrenkepttheireyes_____onthescreen.A.tofixB.tobefixedC.fixedD.fixing16.AsIwillbeawayforatleastayear,I’dappreciate_____fromyounowandthensothatIcanknowhoweveryoneisgettingalong.A.havingheardB.tohearC.hearingD.beingheard17._____,thesubjectwasalwaysinmymind.A.WalkingorsleepingB.WalkingorsleptC.HavingwalkedorsleptD.Towalkandsleep18.---Didyougetadictionary?---No,I_____,buttherewerenotany_____.A.tried;tobeleftB.hadtriedto;leavingC.triedto;leftD.hadtried;haveleft19.Whenhecameto,hefoundhimself_____onachair,withhishands_____back.A.tosit;tyingB.sitting;tyingC.seating;tiedD.seated;tied20.ThejoketoldbyTommadeus_____,sotheteachercouldn’tmakehimself_____.A.tolaugh;hearingB.laughing;heard　C.laughing;hearD.laughed;heard21.Alloftheflowersnow_____herehavedevelopedfromthoseonce_____intheforest.A.raised;grownB.rising;growing　C.raised;growingD.rising;grown22.Henrycan’tattendtheparty_____atTom’shouseatpresentbecauseheispreparingthespeechattheparty_____atMarie’shousetomorrow.A.held;beingheldB.tobeheld;tobeheldC.tobeheld;heldD.beingheld;tobeheld 23.Seeingthesoldierswell_____fortheflood-fight,thegeneralnoddedwithsatisfaction.A.prepareB.preparingC.preparedD.havingprepared24.Don’tworry.I’llhaveit_____andgetsomeone_____ittoyoutomorrow.A.typed;sendB.totype;tosend　C.type;sendD.typed;tosend25.Thesunwasshiningbrightly,_____everythingthere_____morebeautiful.A.making;lookB.tomake;lookedC.andmade;lookingD.andmaking;belooked26.Howcouldhegettheplan_____withoutanyonetosupporthim?A.tocarryoutB.carryout　C.carryingoutD.carriedout27.Newideassometimeshavetowaitforyearsbefore_____.A.beingfullyacceptingB.fullyaccepting　C.havingfullyacceptedD.fullyaccepted28.Havingpassedallthetests,shefeltagreatweight_____offhermind.A.takingB.takenC.takeD.tobetaken29.I’mexaminingthearticlehehasjustfinished_____thepossiblemistakesinit.A.beingcorrectedB.tocorrectC.correctedD.havingcorrected30._____fullpreparations,wedecidedtoputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.A.WedidnotmakeB.HavingnotmadeC.WehadnotmadeD.Nothavingmade31.Weshouldpreventsuchasillymistake_____again.A.occurringB.tooccurC.tobeoccurredD.frombeingoccurred32.Iregret_____hardatschool,orIwouldhavesucceededinpassingtheexam.A.nottoworkB.havingnotworkedC.tohavenotworkedD.nothavingworked33.Theylookedforwardwithhope_____achancetoreceivefurthereducation.A.forgettingB.ofgettingC.togetD.togetting34.“Well,I’lltellyouasecret...”saidtheboy,withhismouthalmost_____myear.A.touchedB.touchingC.touchD.totouch35.Towardsevening,thepatientopenedhismouthasif_____somethingtohisson.A.saidB.sayC.tosayD.tohavesaid36.---Wouldyoube_____lendmeyourbicycle?---Sure.A.sokindastoB.kindenoughastoC.verykindtoD.sokindto37.Thebeachissobeautifulthatitisworthwhile,Ithink,_____forashortholiday.A.ofgoingB.tobegoingC.yourgoingD.youtogo38.Theteacheraskedmore_____topreventthestudents’eyesfrombeinginjured.A.todoB.done　C.tobedoneD.beingdone39.SomeoftheschoolsinShanghaihavemovedonestepcloserto_____withtheglobaleducationcommunity.A.beingconnectedB.connectC.havingconnectedD.beconnected40.Theperformanceofthehost,_____topleasetheaudienceanddrawtheirattention,wasgreetedwithacoldsilence,however.A.hadintendedB.intended　C.beingintendedD.tointend41._____andoutofbreath,wereachedthetopofthemountainandstopped_____thebeautifulscenery.A.Tiring;toadmireB.Beingtired;admiring　C.Tired;toadmireD.Tired;admiring42.The18-storeyedbuilding,when_____,willshutoutthesun_____uptheroomsinmyhouse.A.completed;lightedB.completing;lightingC.completing;lightedD.completed;lighting 43.---IhearWarren_____inamiddleschool.---What?Ican’timaginehim_____asateacher.A.teaches;workingB.teaches;work　C.teach;toworkD.teach;working44._____he’sonlybeenlearningEnglishforayear,hespeaksitverywell.A.ConsideredB.Considering　C.HavingconsideredD.Toconsider45.Itwas_____computergamesthatcosttheboyalotoftimethatheoughttohavespentonhislessons.A.tohaveplayedB.playingC.playedD.havingplayed46.Atnotimedoesthesalesgirlgetuplateinthemorning,forsheisalwaystoobusy_____agoodrest.A.totakeB.takingC.tookD.taken47._____asthemostexcellentstudentinheruniversity,asmostclassmateshadexpected,madeherparentsveryhappy.A.MarywaschosenB.MarychosenC.MarybeingchosenD.Mary’sbeingchosen48._____thebigsnake,thelittlegirlstoodunderthetree_____todeath.A.Seeing;frightenedB.Seeing;frightening　C.Seen;frightenD.Tosee;frightening49.Youwillseethisproductmadeinthisfactory_____whereveryougo.A.tobeadvertisedB.advertised　C.advertiseD.advertising50.Mr.Greenissaid_____anexperimenttoprovethenewmethodofsolving　theproblemwhenyoung.A.todoB.tohavedoneC.tobedoingD.tohavebeendoingB1＿＿Sunday,thestudentsareathome.A.BeingB.TobeC.ItisD.Itbeing2.Theboylayonhisback,histeeth＿＿andhisglaringeyes＿＿＿.　A.set；lookedB.set；looking　C.setting；lookedD.setting；looking3.Allthething＿＿＿＿，hisproposalisofgreatervaluethanyours.　A.consideredB.consideringC.toconsiderD.consider4.＿＿＿＿whoshewas,shesaidshewasMr.Johnson’sfriend.　A.AskingB.AskedC.TobeaskedD.Whenasking5.Hehurriedtothestation,＿＿＿the9：30trainhadalreadyleft.　A.tofindB.foundC.onlytofindD.onlyfinding6.Whichdoyouenjoy＿＿＿yourweekends,fishingorwatchingTV?　A.spendingB.tospendC.beingspentD.spend7.＿＿＿allmyletters,Ihadadrinkandwentout.A.FinishedB.HavingfinishedC.FinishingD.Tofinish8.Shehadnomoney＿＿＿abirthdaypresentforherchildren.A.tobuywithB.buyingC.boughtD.withwhichtobuy9.Fromthedates＿＿＿onthegoldcoin,itisconformedthatitwasmadefivehundredyearsago.　A.markingB.markedC.tobemarkedD.havingbeenmarked10.＿＿＿＿timeandlabour,cartoonistsgenerallydrawthehandsoftheircharacterswithonly3 fingersandathumb.A.TosaveB.SavedC.SavingD.Havingsaved11.O’Nealworkshard.Heisoftenseen＿＿＿heavilybeforehisteammatesstart.　A.sweatedB.tobesweatedC.sweatingD.beingsweated12.IcanhardlyimaginePeter＿＿acrosstheAtlanticOceanin15days.A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailed13.Such＿＿＿thecase,Icouldn’thelpbut＿＿＿＿＿him.A.being；supportB.is；tosupportC.hasbeen；supportingD.be；supported14.Doesthewayyouthoughtof＿＿＿thewatercleanmakeanysense?A.makingB.tomakeC.howtomakeD.havingmade15.Inordernottobedisturbed,Ispentthreehours＿＿inmystudy.A.lockingB.lockedC.tolockD.beinglocked16.Youwillfindtheword“psychology”＿＿＿＿under“P”inyourdictionary.　A.havelistedB.listC.listedD.listing17.Sandycoulddonothingbut＿＿＿tohismotherthathewaswrong.　A.admittingB.admitsC.admitD.toadmit18.WhenIcaughthimcheatingme,Istopped＿＿thingsinhisshop.　A.buyingB.buyC.tobuyD.bought19.Adoctorcanexpect＿＿＿atanyhourofthedayornight.　A.callingB.tocall　C.beingcalledD.tobecalled20.NearlyeverygreatbuildinginBeijingwasbuilt＿south.　A.tofaceB.facing　　C.tohavefacedD.beingfacing21.Withhisson＿＿＿,theoldmanfeltunhappy.A.tobedisappointedB.disappointing　C.beingdisappointedD.todisappoint22.Itwas＿＿＿＿computergamesthatcosttheboyalotoftimethatheoughttohavespentonhislessons.　A.tohaveplayedB.playing　C.playedD.havingplayed23.Andthere,almost＿＿＿inthebigchair,satherlittlebrother,whoneverhadtobetoldtokeepquiet.　A.havinglostB.losingC.tobelostD.lost24.AsIwillbeawayforatleastayear,I’dappreciate＿＿fromyounowandthen＿＿mehoweveryoneisgettingalong.A.hearing；tellB.tohear；tell　C.hearing；tellingD.tohear；totell25.Thestudentsareforbidden,unlesstheyhavespecialpasses,＿＿＿after11pm.　　A.tostayoutB.fromstayingout　C.stayingoutD.nottostayout26.IworkedsolateintheofficelastnightthatIhardlyhadtime＿＿＿thelastbus.　　A.catchingB.tocatch　C.havingcaughtD.tohavecaught27.＿＿tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.　　A.ExposedB.Havingexposed　C.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed28.Mikedidn’tstart＿＿＿＿theimportanceofaforeignlanguagetillhegraduatedfromschool.　　A.knowingB.toknow　C.knowD.tohaveknown29.——Whywasaspecialmeetingcalled?——＿＿＿anewchairman.　　A.ToelectB.ElectingC.OurelectingD.Elected30.——WhydidBobweep? ——Hecouldn’tbear＿＿＿likethatbeforethewholeclass.　　A.makingfunofB.beingmadefunof　C.tobelaughedatD.beingmadefun31.Thestudentsexpectedthere＿＿＿morereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexams.　　A.isB.tobeC.beingD.havebeen32.Idon’tmind＿＿＿bybus,butIhate＿＿inqueues.A.traveling；standB.totravel；tostand　C.traveling；tostandD.traveling；tostanding33.Wearelookingforwardto＿＿＿thefilm＿＿＿＿attheGrandCinema.　　A.seeing；toshowB.see；shown　C.seeing；shownD.see；toshow34.Attheshopping-centre,hedidn’tknowwhat＿＿and＿＿withanemptybag.　　A.tobuy；leaveB.tobebought；leftC.tobuy；leftD.wastobuy；leave35.Thepolicemanputdownthephone,＿＿＿withasmileonhisface.　　A.satisfiedB.satisfying　C.tobesatisfiedD.havingsatisfied36.＿＿＿,yourcompositionisfullofmistakes.A.WritingcarelesslyB.Writtencarelessl　C.HavingwrittencarelesslyD.Beingwrittencarelessly37.Shemadeacandle＿＿＿uslight.A.giveB.gaveC.togiveD.given38.——Whatdoyousupposemadeherworried?——＿＿＿agoldring.A.LoseB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing39.Iknowit’snotimportant,butIcan’thelp＿＿aboutit.　　A.tothinkB.andthinkC.thinkingD.beingthought40.＿＿severaltimes,theyoungscientiststillkeptonmakinghisexperiments.　　A.HavingbeenfailedB.HavingfailedC.ThoughfailedD.Becauseoffailure41.＿＿＿alloverthehillandaroundthelakearewildflowersofdifferentkinds.　　A.TogrowB.GrowingC.GrownD.Grow42.——Whoareyougoingtohave＿＿thisletterforyou?——Mysecretary.　　A.typeB.typedC.beentypedD.beentyping43.Thefood＿＿＿atthemomentisforthedinnerparty.　　A.cookedB.tobecookedC.isbeingcookedD.beingcooked44.Akindoldgentlemanoffered＿＿＿mybagstothetaxistand.　　A.hishelpcarriedB.carryingC.metocarryD.tohelpmetocarry45.Youcanhardlyimaginethedifficultythewomanhad＿＿＿herchildren.　　A.broughtupB.tobringupC.bringingupD.tohavebroughtup46.Hewas＿＿＿today,butwasaskedtostayfor＿＿＿week.　A.tohavereturned；anotherB.returning；onemoreC.returned；anotherD.toreturn；other47.——WhereshouldIsendmyform?——ThePersonnelofficeistheplace＿＿＿.　　A.forsendingitB.tosendittoC.tosendD.tosendit48.Icouldfeelthewind＿＿onmyfacefromanopenwindow.A.toblowB.blowingC.tobeblowingD.blown49.——Lucy,whydidn’tyoucomelastSunday?——I＿＿＿,butmyfatherwasinhospital.　　A.wouldB.hadC.wasgoingtoD.did 50.——Whatterribleweather!Isimplycan’tgetthecar＿＿＿.——Whynottry＿＿＿＿theenginewithsomehotwater?A.starting；fillingB.start；fillingC.started;tofillD.tostart;fill答案及部分解析：A1-5CDDAD6-10DDCAB11-15BDABC16-20CACDB21-25CDCDA26-30DDBBD31-35ADDBC36-40ACCAB41-45CDABB46-50ADABB1.用-ing形式一般式的被动语态作宾语补足语，强调自行车被修理的过程。2.consider作“考虑”解时，后常接-ing形式（短语）作宾语；作“认为”解时，后常接含有名词、形容词或tobe的复合结构。3.过去分词短语作条件状语，相当于ifitistrainedproperly。watchdog看门狗。4.从动作发生的时间来看，应是先偷钻石，再找地方藏匿，故用-ing形式的完成式。5.see表示的动作与句子谓语动词（hadtoenter）所表示的动作几乎同时发生，且与其逻辑主语（he）为主动关系，故用一般式。由句意“看到前门正在被漆，……”可知，第二空应用beingpainted。6.lostinthebigchair为过去分词短语在句中作伴随状语。此句的正常语序为：Herlittlebrothersatthere...7.catchsb.doingsth.（偶然或突然）发现或撞见某人正在做某事。8.题意为“正确做出答案要比快速完成更重要”。两个非谓语动词短语在形式上应保持一致。9.-ing形式的一般式在句中作非限制性定语。10.题意为“2004年1月，美国成功地发射了“勇气”号火星探测器，标志着人类历史上一个新的里程碑”。11.由短语bestuckin（陷入）可知此处应用过去分词作宾语补足语。12.由havegreattrouble（in）doingsth.可知第一空应用solving;beingdiscussed作定语修饰problem，表示“正在被讨论的问题”。13.用不定式的完成式表示动作发生在(定语)从句谓语动作之前。14.考查独立主格结构。foot和break之间是被动关系，blood和run是主动关系。15.由固定结构fixone’seyeson/upon...可知此处应用过去分词。16.appreciate后常接-ing形式（短语）作宾语。17.题意为“无论是走路还是睡觉，我总是在想这个问题。”注意：此题中-ing形式短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语并不一致，有的语法家称其为“垂悬分词”。又如：Havingsufferedsuchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.（NMET2001）18.triedto后省去了getone。19.由seat的用法(beseated)可知第一空应用seated作宾语补足语；withhishandstiedback为with的复合结构在句中作伴随状语。22.由atpresent可知第一空应用beingheld（表示正在被进行的动作）；由tomorrow可知第二空应用tobeheld（表示即将被进行的动作）。23.由固定短语be(well)preparedfor可知此处应用过去分词作宾补。24.此处为havesth.done结构和getsb.todosth.结构。26.考查getsth.done结构。carryout执行。27.beforefullaccepted相当于beforetheyarefullyaccepted。28.feel后可接含有非谓语动词的复合结构。此处宾语与宾语补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。题意为“所有考试都通过后，她感觉如释重负。” 29.不定式短语在句中作目的状语。hehasjustfinished为定语从句。30.-ing形式短语作原因状语。not要置于-ing形式之前。31.preventsb./sth.(from)doingsth.为固定搭配。occur为不及物动词。32.regretdoingsth.后悔做过某事；regrettodosth.遗憾（抱歉）地要做……。33.lookforwardtodoingsth.盼望做某事，注意withhope（满怀希望地）插入了短语lookforwardto中。34.考查with的复合结构。hismouth与touch之间是主动关系。35.“asif+不定式短语”在句中作方式状语。37.考查句型Itisworthwhiletodosth./doingsth.。Ithink为插入语。38.由asksb.todosth.可知此处应用不定式。宾语与宾语补足语之间为被动关系，故用tobedone。39.closeto中的to为介词。beconnectedwith可理解为“与……接轨”。40.intendedtopleasetheaudience...相当于whichhadbeenintendedtopleasetheaudience...。41.tiredandoutofbreath为“形容词和介词短语”在句中作状语。stoptodosth.停下来去做另外一件事。42.whencompleted=whenitiscompleted；lightingup...在此相当于whichlightsup...。43.第一空应用一般现在时表示，意为“我听说沃伦在一所中学教书”；imagine后常接-ing形式(短语)或-ing形式的复合结构作宾语。44.此处considering为连词，意为“考虑到”；它还可用作介词，如：Consideringtheweather,hearrivesveryearly考虑到天气，他算早的啦。45.此句是强调句型，强调句子的主语playingcomputergames。46.考查too...to...结构。注意：atnotime（在什何时候都不）放在句首时,句子要用倒装语序。47.-ing形式的复合结构作主语时，其逻辑主语常用名词所有格或形容词性的物主代词。asmostclassmateshadexpected为非限制性定语从句。48.seeingthebigsnake在句中作时间状语；frightenedtodeath在句中作伴随状语。49.advertise意为“为……登广告”。madeinthisfactory作定语修饰product;advertised作宾语补足语。50.由whenyoung可知此处应该用不定式的完成式。答案：B1.D。本题考查独立主格结构,因为前后主语不一致,所以前面分词的逻辑主语不可以省略。ItbeingSunday相当于AsitisSunday。2.B。独立主格结构在句中作伴随状语,teeth与set两个词之间含有逻辑上的被动关系,所以用过去分词；look这一动作是eyes所发出,所以用looking。3.A。独立主格结构在句中作状语,因为things与consider之间含有被动关系,所以用过去分词。4.B。分词短语作状语,因为ask与句子的主语（she）之间有被动关系,所以用过去分词。5.C。本题考查“（only）＋不定式”与“-ing形式”作结果状语的区别。“only＋不定式”表示该结果在主语的预料之外；接“-ing”形式表示由主句所产生的逻辑上的结果。6.B。本题考查不定式作目的状语,本题极易误选A。其实enjoy的宾语为fishingorwatchingTV。7.B。因finish这一动作发生在Ihadadrinkandwentout之前,所以必须用现在分词的完成式。 8.D。介词＋关系代词＋不定式的结构可以在句中用作定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。9.B。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。不定式作定语时,表示将来的动作；现在分词作定语,表示主动、进行；过去分词作定语,表示被动、完成。因为dates是被标在goldcoin上,所以用过去分词表示被动。10.A。不定式作目的状语。11.C。分词在句中作主语补足语。因sweat这一动作是he所发出,所以为主动。12.C。Peter为逻辑主语，与sailing构成复合结构，作imagine的宾语。13.A。can’thelpbut为固定短语,but后面接不带to的不定式；Suchbeingthecase为独立主格结构，thecase为逻辑主语。14.B。15.B。lock与其逻辑主语应含有动宾关系,即“被锁在书房里”。16.C。单词psychology被列在“P”之下,有被动关系。17.C。but表示“除了”,为介词,当其前面有动词do的各种形式时,but后接不带to的不定式。18.A。当stop后面接不定式时,表示“停下来去做某事”；如果接-ing形式,则表示“停止正在做的事”。19.D。expect后面接不定式。由题意可知,doctor与call之间是被动关系。20.B。现在分词在句中表示状态。21.B。with复合结构在句中作状语,表示原因,意为“由于儿子很是令人失望。”22.B。本题为强调句型，被强调的部分是句子的主语，所以采用-ing形式。23.D。belostin是固定短语，意为“陷入……之中”。变为分词短语作状语时，仍用过去分词lost。24.C。appreciate后直接接-ing形式作宾语。25.A。本题考查forbid的用法。当forbid用作被动形式时,构成beforbiddentodo结构。26.B。27.C。由题意“暴露在阳光下太久,会伤害人的皮肤”可知应采用-ing形式的被动式作主语。28.B。start后可以接-ing形式或todo,但如果start后面的动词表示心理活动的词时,必须用不定式。29.A。回答why引导的问句，一般用不定式；回答what问句，一般用-ing形式。30.B。bear意为“容忍”,后面接-ing形式；makefunof与其逻辑主语有被动关系,所以用beingdone形式。31.B。expectedtheretobe的形式相当于expectedtherewouldbe...。32.C。mind意为“介意”,后面接-ing形式；hate后可以接-ing形式或todo两种形式。33.C。lookforwardto（to为介词）后面接-ing形式；film与show之间含有被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。34.C。“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构在句中作宾语；left与didn’tknow并列。35.A。besatisfiedwith“对……满意”,即satisfy与with紧紧相连时,必须用其过去分词。36.B。write所表示的动作与其逻辑主语有被动关系。Beingwritten为现在分词进行时的被动,表示该动作正在进行,与题意不符,所以选B。37.C。不定式作目的状语,意为“她制了一些蜡烛用来照明”。38.C。参见注29。39.C。can’thelp表示“忍不住”后面接-ing形式；表示“不能帮助”时,后面接不定式。40.B。fail这一动作发生在主句谓语动词之前,所以用现在分词的完成时,并且为主动概念。41.B。alloverthehillandaroundthelake为地点状语提前。wildflowers是长在“山上及湖的周围”的。42.A。who为have的宾语。43.D。根据句子意思可知该动作正在进行,所以用beingdone形式。44.D。本题考查offer与help的用法,即offertodosth.与helpsb.(to)dosth。45.C。本题考查havedifficulty(in)doingsth.这一结构。本句中thewomanhad为定语从句,修饰difficulty。46.A。beto＋havedone结构,表示本应该做某事,但事实上却没有做。 47.B。本题考查不定式作定语的用法。根据send的用法，sendsth.tosomeplace，故选择答案B。48.B。blow这一动作是wind发出的,所以为主动,因此选择blowing。49.C。该题考查了动词不定式的省略现象。由题意可知是表示过去的一种打算或计划，在“wasgoingto”后省略了前面的内容或动作，故应选C。50.A。getthecarstarting意为“使汽车发动起来”；trydoing意为“试着做某事”。