云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：词侧重时态和语态c 9页

云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：词侧重时态和语态C高考语法填空：侧重时态和语态CA.虚拟语气一、虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的用法虚拟情况从句谓语主句谓语例句与现在事实相反过去式(be动词用were)would/shou1d/cou1d/mightdoIfhewerehere,hemightbeabletohelp-Whatwou1dyoudoifyouwereinhisplace?与过去事实相反haddonewou1d/shou1d/cou1d/mighthavedoneIfIhadstartedalittleearlier,Iwouldhavecaughtthetrain・IcouldhavedoneitbetterifIhadbeenmorecareful.与将來事实相反过去式weretodo/shoulddowould/shou1d/cou1d/mightdoIfIweretodoit,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.IwouldcertainlygoifIhadtime.1.在具体运用中，条件从句中有时可省略if而采用倒装结构。如：Haditnotbeenforyourhelp,wewouldn"thaveachievedsomuch.2.介词without/butfor＞连词but、副词otherwise常用来表示某种假设条件。如:Iwouldn"thavemadesuchrapidprogresswithoutyourhelp・3.有时候从句动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时谓语动词的形式要根据各自的时间來调整。女,Tftheweatherhadbeenmorefavourable,thecropswouldbegrowingsti11better.二、“should+动词原形”表示的虚拟语气这一类型常见词有“一坚持(insist)＞二命令(order,command)、三建议(advise,suggest,propose)四要求(request,require,demand,desire)"。以上词及其派生名词所接的名词性从句都使用“(should+)动词原形”的虚拟语气。 ①Jane‘spalefacesuggestedthatshewasill,andhermothersuggestedthatshe(should)haveamedicalexamination. 简苍白的脸色表明她病了，她母亲建议她去检查身体。①Sheinsistedthatthemanhadstolenhercarandthathe(should)besenttoprison.她坚持说那个男人偷了她的车，并坚决要求他坐牢。三、特殊句式中的虚拟语气Ifonly/It，s(high)time(that)...wish/wouldrather/asif等固定句式要求用相应的虚拟语气表达形式。①IwishIcouldfly.真希望我能飞。②1wouldratheryoucametomorrow.我宁愿你明天來。③TfonlyThadtakenyouradvice!要是听从了你的建议该多好啊！(1)主谓一致主谓一致的考察只能体现为对be动词或原形三单的考察A.两个常考原则1)就近原则这一原则是指，谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致.常出现在这类句子中的连词有：or,either••-or…，neither…nor…，notonly-butalso…等.例如：EitherIortheyareresponsiblefortheresultofthematter.不是我，就是他们耍对那件事的结局负责任.Neithertheunkindwordsnortheunfriendlyattitudehascausedmeanydistress.既不是那些不友好的话，也不是那不友好的态度让我沮丧.Notonlyhebutalsoal1hisfami1yarekeenonconcerts.不仅仅是他，而且是他全家人都很热衷于音乐会.Neitherhisfamilynorheknowsanythingaboutit.他全家人和他都不知道那件事. 1)就远原则当主语后面接由aswe11as,asmuchas,accompaniedby,includinginadditionto,morethan,nolessthan,ratherthan,togetherwith,with等引导的词组时，谓语动词这些词与前面的主语保持一致。Petroleum,alongwithfuelgas,hasrecentlyriseninprice.最近石油和燃料煤气的价格上涨了.Theteacher,withal1hisstudents，isgoingtohaveapicnicthisweekend.老师打算这个周末与学生们一起去野炊.Thestudents,togetherwiththeirteacher,aregoingtohaveapicnicthisweekend.学生们打算这个周末与他们的老师一起去野炊.Thewarehouse,withallitsstockings,wasburnedlastnight.昨晚，那个仓库连同其所有的货物一起被烧毁了.A.并列主语的主谓一致1.两个单数名词用and连接，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词常用复数形式。如：TomandJackwereclosefriends.汤姆和杰克是亲密的朋友。2•两个单数名词用and连接，表示同一人、同一物、同一个概念或表示不可分割的整体时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。女山Thesingeranddanceristoattendoureveningparty.那位歌舞演员将参加我们的晚会。3.被every,each,manya,no等限定的单数名词由and连接吋，谓语动词仍用单数形式。其中，后一个限定词可省略。女山Eachboyand(each)girlhasanapple.每个男孩和每个女孩都有一个苹果。4.一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时，可以指一件事或几件事，这种名词作主语，要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的数。如： Whathesaysanddoesdonotagree.他言行不一致。Simpleandplainlivingisafinequality.生活俭朴是一种优良的品质。EnglishandAmericanliteratureareappealingtoher.英国文学和美国文学都对她有吸引力。3.[tland连接的两个what从句作主语时，要根据•意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的数。如：Whathesaysanddoesdoesnotconcernme.他的言行与我无关。4.由or,nor,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...but(also)连接的并列主语，通常根据就近原则，谓语动词的单复数形式要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。女山Oneortwofriendsarecomingthisevening.今天晩上有一两个朋友要來。NeitherInorheisinfavourofhermarriage.我和他都不赞成她的婚姻。5."单数名词+with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswe11as,ratherthan,asmuchas,but,except等+名词”作主语时，谓语仍用单数形式。如：Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswife,istoarriveontheeveningflight.史密斯博士及其夫人将乘晚班飞机抵达。Nobodybutoneteacherandthreestudentswasinthelaboratory.除了一个老师和三个学生外，没有人在实验室里。A.某些名词作主语时的主谓一致1.集体名词fam订y,class,crew,tearn,group,public,audience,crowd,government,committee等作主语时，动词的单复数形式要根据主语所指的意义而定。当把集体名词作为一个整体看待吋，谓语动词常用单数形式；如果指其中各个成员吋，谓语动词常用复数形式。如： Theclassconsistsof25boysand20girls.这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。Theclassaredoingexperiments.全班学生正在做实验。1.由两部分构成的表示物体的名词,如trousers,pants,jeans,compasses,glasses,shorts等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了apairof或two/three/...pairsof来修饰,谓语动词的数往往取决于pair的单复数形式。如:Yourglassesareverynice.你的眼镜很漂亮。Thispairoftrousersismine.这条裤子是我的。A.数词与量词作主语的主谓一致1.表示时间、重量、距离、价格、体积等的名词的复数形式作主语，通常当作整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Twentyyearsisalongtimeinone,slife.20年在人的一生屮是很长的一段时间。2.分数和百分数修饰可数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是复数取决于它们表示的意义。试比较：Aboutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.这些书中大约有1/3值得读一读。3.有“kind(form,type,sort,species,portion,series)of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式常取决于这些词的单复数。如：Thisnewtypeofbusesisonshow.这种新型的公共汽车现在正在展出。Al1kindsofdifficultieshavetobeovercome.必须克服各种各样的困难。 1.如果主语由"manya/morethanone+单数名词”构成，谓语动词常用单数。如：Manyapageinthisbookismissing.这本书缺了许多页。2.aquantityof及quantitiesof后既可接复数名词,亦可接不可数名词；aquantityof...作主语时谓语动词的单数形式取决于后面的名词是否可数；而quantitiesof...作主语时谓语总用复数形式。如：Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,alargequantityofgoodearthisbeingwashedawayeachyear.=Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,quantitiesofgoodearthareboingwashedawayeachyear.随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被冲走了。A.从句中的主谓一致在用it作形式主语的句子中和在用it构成的强调句型中，谓语动词常用单数。女U：Itisn"tobviouswhichroutewou1dbethebest.哪条路线会是最好的还不明显。ItwashewhotaughtusEnglishlastyear.去年是他教我们英语。（强调句型）选练题语法填空。(2016-南昌二模)IwanttotalkaboutMissSmith,ahistoryteacherIhadatsecondaryschool1.Iwasabout15.MostoftheteachersIhadwereOK2theygavethefeelingthatitwasjustajob.ltseemedthatMissSmithreally3.(love)teachinghistory.Oneofthe4.(good)thingsaboutherlessonswasthatwedidn"talwayshavetostudyinanordinaryway.Forexample,ratherthanwriteanarticleforhomewoirk,usuallywewereallowed5(work)withafriendtowriteanimaginarydialoguebetweentwohistorical6(figure).Thenwecouldperformitfortheclass.IthinkMissSmithinflueneedmeintwoimportantways.Firstly,shemademe7.(interest)inhistory.NowIstillreadbooksonhistoryandwatchTVprogramsaboutitwhenIgetthechance.8・(second),sheshowedmehowateachercanusethestudents〃own creativitytohelpthemlearrdnstead9justbeingakindofaudieneeforlessons,wewereinvolvedin10(decide)whathappenedinthelessons.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文,主要介绍了作者的初中历史老师。该老师与众不同，总是让课堂充满乐趣，并布置学生喜欢的作业，从而赢得了学生的爱戴。1.when考查连词。根据语境可知，史密斯老师是作者15岁上中学时的一个历史老师。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中引导■吋间状语从句。故填when。2.but考查连词。根据空格前的wereOK及下文中的itwasjustajob可知，作者的大部分老师都很好，但是他们给人的感觉是教书只是一份工作,空格前后表示转折。故填bUto3.loved考查动词的时态。文章总体时态为一般过去时。故填lovedo1.best考查形容词的最高级o"oneof+the+形容词最高级+名词复数〃意为"......中最......的一个〃。根据语境可知，此处指她上课最大的一个优点是不总是用常规的方式教学。故填besto2.towork考查非谓语动词callowsb.todosth.意为"允许某人做某事"，为固定搭配。故填toworko3.figures考查名词复数。根据空格前的"two"可知，此处应用可数名词figure的复数形式。故填fjgureso7.interested考查词性转换。"makesb・+形容词〃意为"使某人……耸此处指使作者对历史感兴趣。古攵填interestedo8.Secondly考查词性转换。根据上文中的"Firstly"可知，此处应填Secondly。注意首字母大写。9,of考查介词。insteadof意为"代替，而不是〃。故填of。10.deciding考查非谓语动词。介词in后接动词・ing形式。故填decidingo阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。[2016高考训练】Ifyou"retiredoftheMediterraneananddon"twanttoheadtoDisneyagain,perhapsit"stimeforasummerholidayinspace.Russiahasdeclaredplansforitsfirstfloatinghotel,217milesaboveearth,anditissomethingofanofferingwithgoodservice.Hostingjustsevenguestsinafourcabins,theaccommodationwillboasthugewindowswithviewsbacktoearthandtastymicrowavemealswillbeservedinsteadoftheonesoftenusedbyastronauts.Justgettingtherewillbeanadventureinitself—itwilltaketwodaysaboardaSoyuzrocket—anditworVtexactlybeabudgetholiday:Afive-daystaywillcostyou£100,000to£500,000foryourjourney.Thehotelisduetoopenby2016and,accordingtothosebehindit,willbefarmorecomfortablethantheInternationalSpace Station（ISS）usedbyastronautsandcosmonauts・Intheweightlessnessofspace,visitorscanchoosetohavebedsthatareeithervertical（垂直H勺）orhorizontai.Tourists,whowillbeaccompaniedbyexperiencedcrew,willdineonfoodpreparedonEarthandsentupontherocket,tobereheatedinmicrowaveovens.Manykindsofdelicacieswillbeavailable・Icedtea,mineraIwaterandfruitjuiceswillbeavailable,butalcoholwillbestrictlyprohibited.Toiletswilluseflowingairinsteadofwatertomovewastethroughthesystem.Wastewaterwillberecycled.SergeiKostenko,chiefexecutiveofOrbitalTechnologieswhichwillconstructthehotel,said:Z/OurplannedmoduleinsidewillnotremindyouoftheInternationalSpaceStation.Ahotelshouldbecomfortableinside,anditwillbepossibletolookattheEarth・Thehotelwillbeaimedatwealthyindividualsandpeopleworkingforprivatecompanieswhowanttodoresearchinspace."Thehotelcanalsobeusedasanemergencybolthole（避难处）forastronautsaboardtheInternationalSpaceStationifthereisacrisis.:L・Whichcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.RussiadeclaresthedesignforitsfirstspacehotelB.ThefirstspacehotelisunderconstructionnowC.TheastronautswillhaveasecondhomeinspaceD.Russiahastheadvaneedtechnologyinexploringspace1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"budget"inthe3rdparagraphmean?A.expensiveB.worthwhileC.economicD.uncomfortable2.Whatkindofaccommodationwilltheguestshaveinthespacehotel?A.Theywillhavethesamefoodastheastronautshave・B・Manykindsofdrinksareavailableincludingalcohol.C.Guestscanhavebedsthatareeitherverticalorhorizontai.D.TouristsareaccompaniedbytheastronautsfromtheISS.3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.ThespacehotelisbuilttoremindyouoftheInternationalSpaceStation.B.Thehotelisconstructedwithbigwindowssothattouristscanseetheearth・C.Thecompany,OrbitalTechnologies,hasalreadybeguntobuildthespacehotel.D.Inthenearfuture,aspacetripformostofthepeoplecanberealized・参考答案1—4、ACCB