广州初三英语上英语语法专项训练第七单元 14页

Plants定语从句在句中做定语，修饰〜名词或代词，被修饰的名词、词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）弓I出。因此，也叫关系从句（Relativeclause）e关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。关系副词有：when,where,why等。一、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1.who,whom,that的用法这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2.whose用来指人或物（只用作定语）。如：Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那人车坏了，他们都跑过去帮忙。Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3.which,that的用法它们所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。如：Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/that在句中作宾语）Thepackagewhich/thatyouarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which/that在句中作宾语）4.关系代词that的用法（1）不用that的情况①在引导非限定性定语从句时不能用that女口：Thetree,whichisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.这棵四百年的古树在这里很有名。（句中的which不能换成that）②介词后不能用that.如： Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.我们依靠土地获得食物。（from是介词，后面不能用that）（2〉•只能用that的情况①当先行词是anything,everything,nothing（something除外），few,all,none,little,some等代词时，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much,each等修饰时。如:HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMrLihassaid?你记录下李先生所说的一切了吗？Thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.对他来说似乎世界上没有什么（事情）不可能。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做了。ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.我几乎不能为你做什么。当先行词在定语从句中作宾语时that可以省略。女口：Thedoctordideverything（that）hecouldtosavethepatient.医生竭尽全力救治病人。当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who.如：Anymanthat/whohasasenseofdutywon"tdosuchathing.稍有责任感的人都不会做这样一件事。②当先行词被序数词修饰时ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。③当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.这是我看过的最好看的电影。④当形容词被thevery,theonly,thesame,thelast修饰时ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.这正是我想买的那本词典。Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.他的房子发生火灾后，这辆旧车是他唯一的财物了。当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who.如：WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting.王华是我们学校唯个将参加这次会议的人。⑤当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?站在那儿的那个男人是谁？WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?哪一件T恤是最适合我的？⑥当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?你还记得我们曾学过的那位科学家和他的理论吗？二、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1.when,where,why的用法关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于"介词+which”结构，因此常常和"介词+which”结构交替使用。女口：Thereareoccasionswhen/onwhichonemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijingistheplacewhere/inwhichIwasbom.北京是我的岀生地。 Isthisthereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedouroffer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？1.that代替关系副词的用法 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和"介词+which”，在口语中that常被省略。如:Hisfatherdiedtheyear(that/when/inwhich)hewasborn.他父亲在他出生那年去世了。Heisunlikelytofindtheplace(that/where/inwhich)helivedfortyyearsago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。三、判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。若谓语动词是及物的且后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词；若及物动词后面有宾语或谓语动词是不及物的则要用关系副词。如：Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.这就是我去年参观过的村庄。F11neverforgettheday(when)Ifirstmethim我永远不会忘记我第一次见到他的那一天。ThehousewhereIlivenowwasboughtfiveyearsago.我现在住的房子是五年前买的。•方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。如：•1.Isthismuseum.youvisitedafewdaysago?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone2.Isthisthemuseumtheexhibitionwasheld?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone答案：1.D2.A在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where,that,onwhich都不能起到宾语的作用，只有theone既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D.而在句2中，主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where,也可用介词in+which引导地点状语，所以选A.关系词的选择依据先行词在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语)。四、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句1.定语从句有限定性和非限定性两种。限定性定语从句起限制、确定先行词的作用，用来说明先行词的特征与属性，是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限定性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，起补充信息的作用，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。如：Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限定性)Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。(非限定性)2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和被指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限定性的。如：CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.査尔斯・史密斯去年退休f,他曾经是我的老师。Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimestisverytouching.这本小说很动人▼我已经读了三遍了。 1.非限定性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。如：HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.他似乎没领会我的意思这使我很心烦。Liquidwaterchangestovapour,whichiscalledevaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。注意：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限定性定语从句。五、介词+关蔡词1.介词后面的关系词不能省略。2.that前不能有介词。3.某些在从句中充当时间或地点的“介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when和where互换,如：Thisisthehouseinwhich/whereIlivedtwoyearsago.这是我两年前住过的房子。•Doyourememberthedayonwhich/whenyoujoinedourclub?还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗,六、区分定语从句和同位语从句1.定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；而同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是衬充说明的关系。女口：TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.刚刚起飞的那架飞机是飞往伦敦的。（定语从句;Thefactthathehasbeendeadisveryclear.他死亡的事实已经很明确。（同位语从句）2.定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；而同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不作成分。女口：Thenewswhichhetoldmeistrue.他告诉我的消息属实。（定语从句）Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.他刚刚死亡的消息属实。（同位语从句）一、填空用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。1.Thisisthepresenthegavemeformybirthday.2.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolshehadvisited,3.Thereisnothingintheworldcanfrightenhim.4.Thehouseweliveinisverybig.5.Wevisitedafactorymakestoysforchildren.6.Themantalkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.7.Isthistheplaceyourfatheroncelived?&Shewearsagoldring,isveryuncommoninourclass.9.PHneverforgetthedayIjoinedtheLeague.10.Theboyiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.11.Thismagazinebelongstotheteacherteachesushistory.12.Thehousestandsonthetopofthehillwasbuiltlastmonth.13.Themedicineheboughtisgoodforyourhealth. hespentwithyourfamily.C.thatD.onwhichThisistheplaceA.thereIhaveevervisited.B.whenC.whereD.which9.Heistheonlypersonsawtheaccidentyesterday^10.TomistryingtoreadintheroomtheothersarewatchingTV.11.Wewon"tforgetthedaytheherowaskilled.12.ThestudenttheteachersaretalkingabouthaswonthefirstprizeintheEnglishcontest.13.Thenewspaperyouarereadingistwodaysold.14.Doyourememberthetimewegotlostinthepark?15.Theyarebuildingahospitalonthestreetweusedtolive.16.Thepresenthegaveheryesterdayeveningisstillunopened17.Happinessisoneofthethingsmoneycannotbuy.18.Thisisthehospitalhermotherworks.19.Thehousewaspulleddownlastweekisbeingrebuilt20.ThemanwifediedlastyearhasgonetoJapan.21.TellmethereasontheAmericanladyleft22.Doyouknowtheboy_waspraisedatthemeeting?23.Iknowthegirltheteacherpraisedyesterday.24.Allenisthegirl一Ithinkwillsucceedinthetest25.Herparentswouldn"tlethermarryanyonefamilywaspoor.二、单项选择ThemanourEnglishteacheristalkingtoisMrBaker.A.heBthatc.whomD.whichTheforeignervisitedourschoolisfromCanada.AonwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom D.whoseD.whichD.whichD.asD.allofwhomD.fromwhomD./D.Whatwasverykindofthem.D.itD.samebookD.whoD.bothofwhich)17.Inourclassthereare50students,twothirdsofA.themB.whichC.whomareboys.D.who18.weworkedtogetherandtheday19.20.Icanneverforgetthedaytogether.A.when；whichB.which；whenC.what；thatYou"retheonlypersonI"veevermetcouldsayA.who；/B#/；whomC.whom；/ZhangZhen,totheconcertwasveryexcited.A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentwespentD.onwhich；whenthatD・/；whoD.Iwentwithhim)5.Isthereanyoneinyourclassfamilyisn"tinthiscity?A.who•B.who"sC.which)6.Iwanttousethesametoolsusedinyourfactoryafewdaysago>A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswere)7.Fminterestedinallyouhavetoldme.A.thatB.whatCofwhich)8.Heisn"tsuchamanheusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.that)9.Hehastwosons,workaschemists.A