2017年度中考英语语法专项复习_主谓一致 6页

中考英语语法专项复习：主谓一致主谓一致的原则有三个：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。♦一语法一致语法一致即单数主语要用单数谓语动词，复数主语要用复数谓语动词。如:①Mybikeisunderthetree.我的自行车在树下。②Thesebooksareold.这些书是旧的。1.and和both-and连接两个或三个名词、代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。①MikeandJohnaregoodfriends.15克和约翰是好朋友。②Bothbreadandmilkaregoodforyou.面包和牛奶对你都有好处。2.主语后接with,aswellas,including,besides,except,but等词或短语时，谓语动词的数由主语的单复数形式决定。①Hewithhisparentsisworkinginthefields.他止和他的父母在地里干活。②Sheaswellasotherstudentslikesplayingcomputergames.她和其他学生一样，也喜欢玩电脑游戏。3.当主语前有every・each・either,neither修饰或each・either.Neither作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。如：①Everyminuteisimportanttous.每分钟对我们都很重要。©Eachstudenthasabook.每一个学生都有一本书。③Eachofthegirlshasabigappleintheirhands.每一个女孩的手里都有一个苹果。©Eitheransweriscorrect个答案都是止确的。4・不定代词either，neither,eachone,theother,another,anybody,anything,someone,nobody,nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。女口：①Somebodyiswaitingforyououtside.有人在外面等你。@Iseverybodyheretoday?今天大家都到齐了吗？5.uanumberof+名词复数”（许多、一些）=many作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。-thenumberof+名词复数”（…的数量）作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 如：①Anumberoftreesarecutdown.许多树被砍伐。②Thenumberofstudentsinourclassis45.我们班的学生数目是45。6.alotof(lotsof)/plentyof+名词作主语时，谓语动词由of后的名词的单复数决定。如果of后是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果of后是名词复数，谓语动词用复数。女2①Mostoftimeisusedforplayingcomputergames.人部分吋间用来玩电脑游戏。②Plentyofworkersareworking.许多工人正在工作。7.不定式或v・・ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：①LearningEnglishisnecessaryforus・学英语对于我们来说是有必要的。②Toplaywithfirenearagasstationisverydangerous.在加油站附近玩火很危险。♦二意义一致意义一致就是根据句子主语意义上的单复数来确定谓语动词的单复数。Land连接的两个名词作主语，在意义上指同一人、同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。女口：ThefamoussingeranddanceriscomingtoChongqing.那位著名的歌唱家兼舞蹈家要來重庆。2.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的名词复数作主语时，通常被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。如：①Tenyearshaspassedquickly.10年很快就过去了。②Tendollarsisenough」0美元就够了。③100kilometersisalongway.100公里是一段很长的路。3.集体名词(如family/class等)如果表示集体概念，则谓语动词必须用单数形式，如果表示集体中的成员，则谓语动词必须用复数形式。如：①Myfamilyisasmallonewiththreepeople.我家是一个有着三口人的小家庭。②Myfamilyalllikeclassicalmusic.我的家人都恵欢古典咅乐。1.力口、减、乘、除运算中的谓语动词用单数。女n：①Twoandtwoisfour.2加2等于4.②Sixtimestwoistwelve.6乘2等于12. 1."oneandahalf+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如I：Oneandahalfpearsisleftontheplate・一个半梨被留在盘子里。6.“the+形容词”作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。如:Thesickaretakengoodcareof.病人得到了很好的照顾。♦三就近原则有时谓语动词的形式与主语并不一致，而是与它最近的主语保持一致。1.由either・・・or，neither・・・nor，notonly・・・butalso,not・・・but或or连接两个并列主语时，其谓语动词在数上与最邻近它的主语保持一致。如：①NotonlyLilybutalsoJackhasgonetobeijing.不仅莉莉去了北京，杰克也去了北京。②Notyou,butIamwrong.不是你，而是我错了。③Eithermyfatherormybrotheriscoming.我父亲來，要不然就是我弟弟来。2.Therebe或Herebe后面接并列的名词时，谓语动词在数上应与最邻近的名词保持致。女口：①Thereisapenandtwopencilsonthedesk.课桌上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。②Herearcsomeflowersandacardforyou.这是给你的一些花和一张卡片。练习:一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。I・(be)everythingOK?2.Nobody(know)theanswertothequestion.3.NotonlyshebutalsoI(do)morningexerciseseveryday.4.Eitheryouorshe(have)madeawrongdecision.5.Thefamily(be)spendingtheweekendtogether.6.Breadandbutter(be)herdailybreakfast.7.Allofthework(be)finished.8.Theold(be)welllookedafterhere. 2.・Howmuch(be)theshoes?・Fivedollars(be)enough.3.NeitherJimnorhisparents(live)inChina.I・Talkingloudlyinpublic(be)impolite.12.Threehours(be)quitealongtimeforthestudentstoplaycomputergameseveryday.13.Everything(begin)togrowfastinspring.14.Tomwithhisfriendsoften(go)skatingonweekends.二、单项选择1.Thereapencilandsomebooksonthedesk.A.hasB.areC.is2.Nobodyexceptyoulateforthemeetingyesterdayafternoon.A.isB.wereC.was3.Asweallknow,theJapaneseJapanese.A.speakB.spokeC.speaks4.Kateaswellasmostgirlswearingbeautifulclothes,butherfamilyverypoor.A.like;isB.likes;isC.likes;are5.一Myshoeswornout.Canyoubuymeanewpair?-Oh,look!ThereapairofnewshoesthatIboughtforyou.A.is;areB.are;isC.is;is6.Doingeyeexercisesgoodforoureyes.A.isB.areC.be7.Arethereanyonthefarm?A.sheepB.duckC.horse8.Therealotofgoodnewsintoday^snewspaper.A.wasB・areC.is9.BothJohnandMaryinterestinginskating.A.isB.areC.were 1.Eachofthestudentsacomputerinourclass.A.haveB.hasC.thereis2.Allofmymoneystolenlastnight.A.hasB.isC.was3.Thepoliceforthelostchildonthehillnow.A.looksB.islookingC.arelooking4.Threekilometersalongway.YoiTdbettertakeataxi.B.areC.wasA.is 1.Everygirlandeveryboyinnewclothestoday.A.areB.isC.were15・TheBlacksgettingreadyfortheirholiday.A.isB.areC.be16.Themusicianandwritertovisitourschool.A.iscomingB.arecomingC.enjoyC.isplantingtrees17.Theheadmasteraswellasalltheteachers.A.havegonetothemuseumB.arehavingameetingonthehill18.TwothirdsofthemYoungPioneers.A.wasB.isC.are答案：CCABBAACBBCCABBACC