高中英语语法入门词类及句子成分 20页

词类及句子成分名称用途例词句法作用名词n.(noun)表示人或事物的名称boy,book,table,man主、表、宾、补、圧、同代词pron.(pronoun)代替名词、形容词或数词I,you,it,we,their主、宾、表、补、定、同实数词num.(numeral)表示数目或顺序one,two,twenty,third,fifth主、表、宾、定、同动词表示动作或状态work,study,谓语动词：谓词v.(verb)interesting,injured非谓语动词：主、表、宾、补、定、状形容词adj.(adjective)修饰名词，表示人、物的性质或特征red,long,old,good表、补、定、补副词adv.(adverb)修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示动作特征或性状特征here,very,often,pretty,frequently表、状冠词art.(article)表示名词的泛指或特指a(an),the用在名词前帮助说明该名词的含义虚介词表示名词、代词等与其它in,after,under,on常与名词或与之相当的prep.(preposition)词的关系词构成介词短语连词连接词与词、短语和短and,if,but,because连接词与词、短语与短conj.(conjunction)语、句子和句子语、或句与句的作用词感叹词inteij.(interjection)表示说话时的感悄或口气oh,ah,um,ouch表示说话时产生的情绪自测:根据对词类概念的理解，指出下面单词的词类:1.deep2.finger3.fly4.delicious5.through10.they6.first7.here&but9.ah根据常见的后缀辨别下列单词的词性:1•scientist2.conversation3.beautiful4.loudly5.famous6.government7.lively&safety9.traditional10.illness判断下列句子中划线单词的词性： 1.Marydanceswell.2.Hisfatherisreading.3.Nothingcanlivewilhoulwale匚4.Mr.Greenworksinauniversity.5・Ihavehadthispenfor（woyears・6.Youmaykeepthisdictionaryfortwoweeks・知识点应用：结合所学词类的相关知识，分析空格部分所缺词性。A.foodB.becauseC.regularlyD.asleepE.improveF.changeG.preventingH.stopI・enoughJ.maintainK.keepingTherearemanythingsyoucandoto1yourmemory,suchasusingvariousmemorizingmethodsaswellastakingspecialcareofyourhealth.Itisimportantthatyou2stimulateyourbraintomakeyourmemorymoreefficient.Forexample,youcandoactivitiesthatyoudonotusuallydoand3yourdailyhabits・Learninganewskillhelpsyourbraindevelop・Whentryingtomemorizesomething,youshouldfocusyourattentionandconcentrateonthemostimportantthingsaboutit.Donotallowotherthoughtstoenteryourmind4thiswillloweryourchancesofrememberingthingsaccurately.Anexcellentwaytohelpmemoryistolinkinformationwithpictures.Trytoseetheimagesinyourmind.Takingnotes,beingorganizedand5adiarywillalsobeusefultools.Healthy6andplentyofvitamins（维彳也命）areessentialforyourmemorytoworkproperly.Drinkingalotofwateralsohelpsmaintainyourmemory.Youmustallowyourbraintohave7sleepandresttoo.Whenyouare8,yourbrainstoresmemory・Notenoughsleepcan,therefore,causeproblemswithstoringinformation.Inaddition,beingtiredwill9youfrombeingabletoconcentratewell.Caffeineinteaandcoffeeisverygoodat10sleepinessandhelpingconcentration,butsomepeoplebelievetheymaycauseproblemswithmemory.Inordertoconcentratewell,youmustberelaxed.Generallykeepingfitandhavingregularhealthchecksarebothimportantaswell,andnotjustforimprovingyourmemory. ◊句子成分句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语、同位语等。>主语（subject）：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在山erebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句屮，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。Theaimrisesintheeast.（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）Twm"ywa略isashorttimeinhistory.（数词）Sefin乂isbelieving.（动名词）Toneeistobelieve.（不定式）Wbafheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandfalllikea形式主语，主语从句是真止主语）自测：指出下列句中主语的中心词①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyea匚@Todotoday"shomeworkwithouttheteacher"shelpisverydifficult.>谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1.简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2.复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）rh系动词加表语构成。 Wearestudents.自测：选出句屮谓语的屮心词①Idon1!likethepictureonthewall.A.donlB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC・daysD・summer（3）Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus①Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon②Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast>表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem,sound,feel,smell,taste,remain等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。Heisateacher・（名词）Isityours?（代词）Fiveandfiveisten.（数词）Heisasleep.（形容词）Thepictureisohthewall.（介词短语）Thespeechisexciting.（分词）HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobbyisplagi父football.（动名词）Timeis塑.Theclassis（副词）Thequestioniswhethertheycome.（表语从句）自测： 挑出下列句屮的表语①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired. ①WhyishewoniedaboutJim?②Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.③Soontheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.④Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutil.>宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.（名词）Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.（代词）Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihave/ive.（数词）Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名词化形容词）Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短语）IamfondoflisteFiin父topopularmusic.（动名词短语）Ithink（that）h€isfitforhisoffice.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）。Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补）。Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.自测：划出句屮的直接宾语和间接宾语①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③M匚Liisgoingtoteachushistorynexttenn・④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?自测：挑出下列句屮的宾语①Mybrotherhasnrtdonehishomework.②HeteachesusEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation. ①Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass? ①Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?>补足语：用来补充说明主语或宾语用的。宾补：英语屮有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。Weelectedhimmonitor.（名词）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容词）Wefoundnobodyin.（副词）Pleasemakeyourselfathome.（介词短语）Don"llethimdothat.（省to不定式）HisfatheradvisedhimtoteachtheIgboyal映on.（带to不定式）Don"tkeepthelightsbumin父.（现在分词）FHhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）Wewillsoonmakeourcityc”yis•（从句）自测：1・挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④IsawM匚Wanggetonthebus.⑤DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?2•翻译1.我觉得很难解出这道数学题。（workout）2.对电子产品一无所知，我发现自己落伍了。（find）3.家长嘱咐孩子别在河边嬉戏。（play）4.安全系统不会允许你进入大楼，除非你有正确的密码。（unless）>定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下成分表示： Tomisachemistryteache匚（名词）Heisourfriend.（代词） Webelongtothethirdworld.（数词）Hewasadvisedtoteachthela对boyalesson•（形容词）Themanoy纣the化ismyoldfriend.（畐词）Thewomanwithababy加herarmaismysisle匚（介词）TheboysplayinzfootballareinClass2.（现在分词）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow・（过去分词）Ihaveanideatodoitwe".（不定式）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定语从句）自测：挑出下列句屮的定语①TheyuseMr.,Mrs.withthefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep・定语知识点应用：写作技巧之：扩词名词在写作中出现频率很高，为了让作文更加丰满，我们应该首先让名词丰满起来。一般名词的扩词方法有三种：1）用形容词、名词等修饰，置于所修饰名词前面。比如，Janeisagirl.我们可加入定语成分更确切地描述，并适当对修饰名词的词汇进行升级。修饰人或物的词汇可以有：attractive,amazing,breath-taking,fantastic等。2）用短语修饰名词，置于所修饰名词的后面。比女口，Janeisanamazinggirl.名词girl除了可以用形容词来修饰外，还可以用后置短语来修饰。我们可选用介词短语“wilhlonghair"作为girl的后置定语。JaneisanamazinggirlwithIon丈hair.3）用定语从句修饰名词。 Jane,whoimpressedmealot,isanamazinggirlwithlonghair. >状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：Lighttravelsmoafquickly.（副词及副词性词组）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears・（介词短语）Onceyoub叹in»youmustcontinue.（状语从句）自测：指出下列划线部分的状语种类1.1willgotherelomoirow.1.Themeetingwillbeheldinlhemeelingroom.2.Themeatwentbadbecauseoftheho（wealher.3.HestudieshardtoleamEnglishwell.4.Hedidn"tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.6.1likesomeofyouverymuch.7.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam・8.Hegoestoschoolbybike.9.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.10.Sherunsasfnstashedoes.状语知识点应用：1.用适当的连词填空1.Johnshuteverybodyoutofthekitchenhecouldpreparehisgrandsurprisefortheparty・2.youtry,youwillneversucceed・3.1willtellhimthenewshecomesback4.1wasabouttoleavemyhousethephonerang.1.wehavetriedourbest,welostthegame.2•翻译1.由于粗心大意，汤姆错过了这个机会。（miss）2.他在实验屮多次失败，但他相信失败是成功Z母。（fail）3.你一旦养成了坏习惯，改掉它是很难的。（once） >同位语:当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语（appositive）o这两个句子成分多由名词（代词）担任，同位语通常皆放在其说明的名词（代词）之后。1•名词用作同位语是大量的。Wehavetwochildren,aboyandagirl.我们有两个孩子，一男一女。1.代词用作同位语。Theyallwantedtoseehim.他们都想见他。2.数词用作同位语。Areyoutwoready?你们俩准备好了吗？3.不定式与动名词用作同位语。Thefirstplan,attackingatnight,wasturneddown.第一个计划是夜袭，被拒绝了。4.从句用同位语，即同位语从句Thenewsthatwearehavingaholidaytomorrowisnottrue.明天放假的消息不确。自测：划出下列句屮的同位语1.We,theChinesepeople,aredeterminedtobuildChinaintoapowerfulandprosperouscountry.2.TheyeachhaveanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.3.Theytwowent,wethreestayedbehind.4.Theirlatestsuggestion,tofocusonprimaryeducation,hasmetwithsomeopposition.5.Wearenotinvestigatingthequestionwhetherheistrustworthy.随堂检测1・指出划线部分在句中充当的句子成分。1.Heaskedmelocomeloschoolveryearly.2.Therearealotof(reesonbothsidesoftheroad.3.Hemustbeathomenow.4.Hewantedlobuysomemorebnnanas.5.Theboyonthebikeismylittleson. 1.Youmustleaveatthemoment.2.Ealingloomuchisbadforhealth.3.Afterrunning,hefelttired,9.1founditdifTiculltolearnEnglish.lO.Inthe1960s,fewchildrenhadthechanceloreceiveagoodeducalion.2•分析下列句子成分。1.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou2.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.3.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.4.Hebrokeapieceofglass・5・Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity・3・分析句子成分。判断下列各句屮的定语、状语、补语和表语成分：定语()，状语[],表语和宾语补足语v沢1)Somepeoplewhoareveryintelligentandsuccessfulintheirfieldsfinditdifficulttosucceedinlanguagelearning.2)Whencommunicationisdifficult,theycanacceptinformationthatisinexactorincomplete.3)Youwouldrftbelievethestuffpeoplewillbuy.4)Thevarietyofthingsputupforsaleisreallywonderful.5)HealthinsurancethatpaysformodemmedicalmiraclesoftencostsAmericansasmuchas$2,000everyyear.6)Yetthesethreereasonsfornotdiscussinginsuranceprovidethreeexcellentreasonswhyweshouldlearnmoreaboutit.7)Withmanners,thebestruleistheonethatworks.8)Giventheamountoftimethatchildrenwatchtelevision,ithasbecomeoneofthemostpowerfulmodelstheywanttofollow・9)ThenaiTOwrangeofmostviolence-relatedtoysadvertisedontelevisionjeopardizestheroleofplayinhelpingchildrenmakebettersenseoftheirownfeelingsandinterprettheirworld.10)Itisagoodideaforparentstomonitortheamountaswellasthekindoftelevisiontheirpreschoolchildwatches・ 1.词性转换。1.Thegirloverthereisthemostmemberinourschoolsinginggroup・(acl)2.TodaymanyChinesechildrenarehavingahappylifewiththeirparentswhilethousandsofchildreninIraqarehavingahardlife,(home)3.Wealllikeourclassteacherbecauseheisamanwithagood・(person)4.TheseshowedgreatinterestinthehistoryofChina・(Egypt)5.Healwaysmakeshiscarcleansothatitlookslikeanewone・(spot)6.Todayhomeworkistothesenewwordswehavelearnt,(memory)7.Thetwowaysareverysimilar.(basic)8.Theylookedatthepoliceatthestation,(worry)9.WeoftenhavetalksinourEnglishclass,(day)10.It"scommonthatthesunsetsdowninthewest,(know)11.Thefactoryhasreceivedmanyforlettingoutdirtywafer,(complain)12.Marysaysshewantstobea.(type)13.Shecanplaywonderfulmusicandneverhasa(fail)inherperformance・14.ShanghaigavetheworldasuccessfulandWorldExpo.(forget)15.Thegovernmentwilltheroadinthefollowingmonths,(wide)2.用所给词的正确形式填空。Itwasarainymorningtwoyearsago.ShirleyHuxhamwascycling1(gentle)downhill.Asshewavedtoafriend,herbikesliduncontrollablyonthewetroad,throwinghertotheground."Fdnevereventhoughtofbuyingahelmet,"shesays.Formonthsshewaspartlyparalysed(瘫痪)downherleftsideandstillhas2(healthy)problemstoday・SomemightthinkthatShirleywasjustunlucky.How3(danger)canitbetofallfromabicycle?Infact,eachyearonBritain"sroadsmorethan200peoplearekilledandatleast4,000seriouslyinjuredonbicycles.Butthesenumbersdon"ttellthewholestory:themajorityofthe4(die)andinjuredwerenotwearinghelmets.AstudyofbicycleaccidentsintheUSfoundthathelmetscould5(reduction)theriskofseriousheadinjuryby85percent.YetitisestimatedthatinBritain,nomorethanfivepercentofbicycle6(ride)wearhelmets.Whydon"tmorecyclistswear7(they)?Peoplethinkthathelmetslookfoolish,thatthey"re8(convenient),andthataccidentsonlyhappentootherpeople・Oneofthewrongideasbicyclistshaveisthatlowerspeedscanputthematlessriskthanmotorcyclists,whoarelegallyobligedtowearhelmets.Infact,accordingtoaBritishreport,ahigherpercentageof bicycliststhanmotorcyclistssufferheadinjuries.Andtheirinjuriescanbejustassevere・Helmets,however,canmakeabig9(different).Shirleywasn^tjust10(luck).Ifshehadwornahelmet,shewouldn^thavespentmonthsinhospital.Whytaketherisk?6・改为同义句1.Jackisayoungmanfullofenergy.Jackisayoungman.2.Wemustbeconfidentatanytime.Wemustbefullofatanytime.3.Itispossibleforthemtowinthegame.Thereisthattheywillwinthegame・4.Hisdreamhascometruefinally.Hehasturnedhisdreamintofinally.Hehashisdreamfinally.5.Associetydevelops,people"slivingstandardisincreasing.Withtheofsociety,people"slivingstandardisincreasing.6.Tobehonest,Idon"tthinkwecanachanceofwinning.,Idon"tthinkwecanachanceofwinning.7.Theschoolisbeingconstructed.Theschoolisunder.8.Theprojectcanbenefitthelocalpeople.Theprojectcanbetothelocalpeople・9.Thebookisveryimportant.Thebookisofgreat・10.Becausehewasangry,heleftwithoutaword・Heleftwithoutawordbecauseof.7・翻译。1.尽可能地多看书，你的作文会有进步的。(and)2.经过两个小时的讨论，他们决定向经理投诉这件事情。(complain)3.随着生活水平的提高，人们越来越关心生活质量。(concern)4.我们都没料到校t会出现在晚会上。(expect) 1.要教育人们注意保护环境并不容易。(educate)课堂小结1.词类有名词，代词，动词，形容词，副词，数词，连词，介词，冠词，感叹词等。2.句子成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语。同位语等。3.句子成分与不同的词类相互对应，在分析句子时应充分考虑各词类在句中充当的成分，保持句子的准确性与有效性。|加油站I-选词填空（A）A.wastesB・advantageC・discountD.deliciousE.meanF.especiallyG.cheaperH.costI.attractedJ.easilyK.sentShoppingusedto_1_actuallygoingtoshops,butnowadays,youcanshopwithoutevenleavingyourhouse.Justsitinfrontofyourcomputer,clickyourmouseandyourthingswillbe_2_toyourhouseinacoupleofdays・November1llhisabigdayforpeoplewholikeshoppingonline.Onthatdaylastyear,manyonlinestoresofferedabig_3_andfreedeliveryservice.ThebiggestonlineshoppingsitesinChina,Taobao.com・andTmall.com.,soldthingsworth19.1billionyuanintotal."Goodsonlineareoftenmuch_4_・Ilalsosavesmealotoftime・Andweoftenhavemoregoodsonmanyonlinestoresthaninshoppingmalls/9WangXin,anonlineshoppingloverinBeijing,saidtoChinaDaily・Shestayedupverylateforalotofcheapgoodsonline・Shespentseveralthousandonwhatsheboughtthatday.Anotherbig_5_ofonlineshoppingisthatithelpspeoplegetthingsfromdifferentcities,evendifferentcountries,withease轻松地）・TlikeeatingduckneckverymuchandIoftenbuyitonTaobaofromshopsinWuhan.Il"smuchmore_6_thanwhatourlocal（当地白勺）storessell,butcheaper/9saidZangXin,agirlinYangzhou・Whileenjoyingonlineshopping,manypeoplealsohaveworries,_7_formiddleschoolstudent buyers.Youngstudentsareeasily_8—byadvertisementsontheInternetandbuythingstheydon^tneed."Middleschoolstudentsshouldpayattentiontotheirstudy.Searchingforthings_9—theirtime,"saidJingChunling,aneducationexpert."Inaddition,onlineshopownershavenoideaoftheagesoftheirbuyers・Anyonecan_10_buythingsthattheywantto.Someofgoodsareevenbadforyoungstudentssuchascigarettesandwine]（B）A.fightsB・destroyC.crossingD.fierceE.promisedF.givingG.calledH・powerfulI.protectJ.settingK.paymentsTheIndiansoftheplainsdependedonthebuffalo（里子牛）foralmosteverythingtheyneeded・Andtheywere_1_fighters・ThePlainsIndiansdidnotwantwhitemen_2_theirhuntinglands・Theyoftentriedto_3—thewagontrains（车I狄）carryingsettlerstoCaliforniaandOregon.ThearmywasgiventhejobofkeepingpeaceinthisdifficultIndiancountryofthewesternplains.Soldiersweresentouttobuildfortsandroads.Theytriedto_4_thewagontrainsfromIndianattacks.TheytriedtokeepwhitesettlersfrominvadingIndianland・Thereweremany_5—betweenthesoldiersandtheplainsIndians・Thesoldiershadmorepowerfulweapons・Theyusuallywon.SomePlainsIndianstriedtolivepeacefullywiththewhitemen.OnesuchgroupwaspartoftheSiouxtribe（部落），—6_SanteeSioux.Ilwasthelargestandmost_7_groupinthewesl.TheSanteeSiouxlivedalongthenortheasternedgeoftheGreatPlainsinwhatisnowthestateofMinnesota.Theysignedtreatieswiththegovernment_8_upninetypercentoftheirland.TheSantee_9_toliveinasmallarea・Inexchange,theUnitedStatesagreedtomakeyearly_10_tothetribe.ThismadeitpossiblefortheIndianstobuyfoodandotherthingsfromwhitetraders・师生总结本次课学习了词类及句子各种成分，通过不同题型的练习了解句子成分的知识在各综合题中的应用，提高对语篇屮句子结构的辨析与处理。课后作业Homework1.复习讲义相关知识点讲解；2.背诵相关的词汇和句型，下次上课前十分钟默写; 1.完成家庭作业。I.SentenceElementsA.subject主语B.predicate谓语C.object宾语D.predicative表语E.adverbial状语F.complement补语G.attributive定语H.appositive同位语E=ABF=ACG=ADH=BC()LDuringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.()2.Hepracticesrunningeverymorningtokeepfit.()3-HisjobistoteachEnglish.()4.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth・()5.Theymadehimtheirteamleader.()6.Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.()7.Inordertocatchudwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.()8.Mr.White,thebook-seller,isarichman.()9.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.()10.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.()11.Itwasaconferencefruitfulofresults.()12.1enjoylisteningtopopularmusic.()13.HeistheonlypersonintheroomwhomIwanttosee.()14.1think(that)heisfitforhisofficework.()15.Mysuggestionisthatallofusattendthemeeting.()16.ThedogwhichIkickedbitme.()17.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.()18.Themethodprovedimpnicticable.()19.Studentsbraveenoughtotakethiscoursedeservetosucceed.)20.1nspiteofthefactthatpriceshaverisenrapidly,thenumberoftouristsisgreaterthanever. II.词性转换1・Lastnight,ahappenedinourhousingestate,(thief)2.Twohavegoneduringthebigstorm.(fish)3.Chinesepeoplealwaysshowtheirtoforeigners,(friend)4.Il，snotagooddaytoday・Il"s.(fog)5.Thefarmerlookedevenwhenhelearntallthecropshadbeendestroyed・(sadly)6.Mybrother"sambitionistoflyaplane・Hewillbeapilotinthefuture,(probable)7.Weoftencallcomputersbrains,(electric)8.ItisforustolearnChineseverywell,(need)9.Thedoctorstriedtheirbesttosavetheman.(die)10.Myfriendswillwaitformeatthetotheexhibition,(enter)HLReadthetextbelow.Usethewordgiveninthebracketstoformawordthatfitsinthespace.ManywritingworkshopshavebeensetupintheU.S.fortroubledyoungpeople.Theyhavefoundthat1(create)writingcaninspirekidsandhelptomaketheirlivesbetterthanbefore・Take,forexample,RunawaywithWords,a2(fame)poetryforat-riskyoungpeople・AprofessorandagraduateofFloridaStateUniversitystartedtheworkshopin1991tohelptroubledteenstalkabouttheirproblemsandfeelings.Forsometeens,writeabout3(them)waseasierthantalking.Itturnedoutthattheyhadalottoexpress.Theydiscoveredthatwritingwasagoodwaytogive4(express)totheirfeelings・Theywroteabouttoughsubjects,suchaspoverty,5(angry),guiltandfear.Runawaywithwords,whichruns6(successful),isnowanationwidepoetryworkshop.Overtheyears,thousandsoftroubledkidshavelearnedthatputtingtheirfeelingsintowordshelpsthemwith7(happy)experiences.Youngpeoplehavealsolearnednewwritingskills,suchashowto8(description)theirfeelings.Theseskillshelptheyoungwritersgaincontrolovertheiremotions.“ThisworkshopchangeslivesJsaysoneteacher.Theyoungpeople"sskillsaremeasuredbeforeandaftertheytaketheRunawaywithWordsworkshop.Becauseoftheworkshop,mostofthemimprovetheir9(able)toread・Manyofthemalsostophavingproblemswiththelaw.Writinghelpsthemlearnwaysotherthan10(violent)todealwiththeirproblems.