高中英语语法——名词性从句(6页) 8页

名词行从句讲练概念：起名词作用的从句叫名词从句。它和名词一样，在句中可充当主语，表语，宾语和同位语。名词从句包括主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句。名词从句的引导词通常有:1.连词that,whether,if.2.连接代词what,whatever,who,whoever,whose,which3.连接畐U词when,where,how,why1.主语从句主语从句在从句中作主语，主语从句可以位于句首，但常见的主语从句多放在句末，句首则用形式主语it。例女口：1.Thattheearthisroundistrue・二Itistruethattheearthisround.2.Whetherhewillcomehasrftbeendecided・=Ithasn"tbeendecidedwhetherhewillcome.注意：连词that,whether在从句中不担任句子成分，只起连接作用，不能省略。并且whether引导主语从句时不能用if代替。3.Wholetoutthenewsremainedunknown.=Itremainedunknownwholetoutthenews・4.Howthishappenedisstillaquestion.5・Itisnotclearwhenwewillstart.6.Whyhedicingcomehereisnotcleartoanyone.=Itisnotcleartoanyonewhyhedidn"tcomehere.7.Whichisrightisn"tknowntous.注意：who,which,how,when,where,why在所引导的主语从句中可担任主语，宾语，状语，不能省略。可以用形式主语it引导。8・Whathesaidatthemeetingisimportant.9・Whoeverleavestheofficeshouldtellme・10.WhenevertheOlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.注意：who,whom,which,what等可以和evei•构成合成词，引导主语从句和宾语从句。此类主语从句不能用it引导，引导词在句中担任句子成分，不能省略。另外，有的“It・・・+主语从句”已成为固定结构。女口：a.Itis+名词+从句Itisapitythatwecan^tgo.b.Itis+形容词+从句ItisclearthatTomhasreturned.c.Itis+过去分词+从句Itissaid/reported/believed/known…11.表语从句：在复合句屮用作表语的从句是表语从句。That"swhatweshoulddo.That"swhyIwanttoseeyou.ThereasonformyabsencewasthatIwasilk1.be,seem,look等动词后均可跟表语从句：Mysuggestionisthatweshouldgoshopping.Itseemsthatitisgoingtorain.2.asif,because也可引导表语从句。Itlooksasifit"sgoingtorain.ItwasbecauseIgotuplate.3.在非正式文体中,引导表语从句的that可以省略。女口:Thetroubleis(that)heisill・注意：在表语从句中，当reason作主语时，引导词只能用that,不能用because,如：他迟到的原因是因为他没有赶上早班车。Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathedidn"tcatchtheearlybus. III.宾语从句：在复合句中用作宾语的从句是宾语从句1.作动词宾语Idon"tknowwhatIwasthinkingof.IwonderifImightgiveyouanecklace・Iexpect(that)IshallbebackonSunday.在口语中，(hat引导宾语从句时常常省略。但两个that从句并列时后边的that-般不省略。若有补语，则宾语从句要放到补语之后，在宾补前用形式宾语it.Hedoesn"twantittobeknownthatheisgoingaway.Iconsideritnecessarythatheshoulddoitagain.在think,believe,s叩pose,expect等动词之后，宾语从句中谓语的否定常转移到主句的谓语上。如：Idon"tthinkhewillseeyou.Idon"tbelievehewillgo.Wedon"texpectheiscoming.Idon"tthinkhecandoit,canhe?注：此种用法主句的主语必须是第一人称I或we.而且它的反意疑问句的助动词由从句的助动i诃来定。Idon"tthinkhecandoit,canhe?Idon"tthinkyouareright,areyou?在suggest,insist,demand,order,require等表示建议，命令，要求的动词后，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。如：Iinsistedthathe(should)doitatonce.Shesuggestedthatthework(should)befinishedatonce.2.作介词宾语TheteacherissatisfiedwithwhatIsaid.3.作afraid,glad,certain,sure等形容词的宾语。FmafraidthatIwillbelate.Fmgladthatyoupassedtheexam.IV.同位语从句如果担任同位语的是个句子，则这个句子是同位语从句。同位语从句表示先行名词的具体内容，能跟同位语从句的名词常见的有news,idea,belief,doubt,fact,rumour,question,order,hope,thought,reply,problem,reason等。引导同位语从句常用连词that,它在句中不担任句子成分，没有词意。除that外，还有whether,when,where,who,what,which,why,how等。可以引导同位语从句。Therumourthattherewillbeanearthquakesoonspreadalloverthearea.Theyhavenohopethathewillrecove匚Ihavenoideawheretheyhavegone.同位语从句与先行名词有时也可以分开。Suddenlythethoughtcametomethathecouldgoblind.注：同位语从句与定语从句的区别：(1)同位语从句的先行名词极为有限，而定语从句的先行词则不计其数。(2)引导同位语从句的连词that在句中不担任句子成分，而引导定语从句的that则在从句屮作主语，宾语等。引导同位语从句的wh一词多具有疑问意义，而引导定语从句的wh—词则没有疑问意义。(3)同位语从句与先行名词是等同关系，一个具体，一个抽象，两者常可以转述为主表关系，而定语从句与先行词是修饰与被修饰关系。比较：Thenewsthatourteamwonthegameistrue.()Thenewsisthatourteamwonthegame.()Thenewsthatyouhaveheardisn"ttrue.()Whether与if在名词从句中的用法Whether可以用于所有的名词从句中，if只用于宾语从句中，两者都不能省略。1.在引导宾语从句(动词宾语从句)时，whether和if可以互换，但如果出现ornot则只能用 whether.Idon"tknowwhether/ifIcancome・二Idon"tknowwhetherIcancomeornot.1.介词的宾语从句只能用whether引导。Weworriedaboutwhetherhewasingoodhealthornot.2.引导主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句时都MJwhether.Thequestioniswhetheryoucandoityourself.()Whethertheywillwinisallthesametome.()Thequestionwhetherheshouldcomehimselforsendanotheronehasn^tbeendecided.()3.和动词不定式连接时，只能用whether.Ihaven"tdecidedwhethertogothereornot.练习(—)[•用适当连词填空1・youneedismorepractice・2.weneedmoreequipmentisquiteobvious・3.Ihavenoideawewanttogonext-4.Thefactiswearebehindtheothergroups・4.Thatiswearefirmlyagainst6.Thatisthekeylies.7.istroublingmeis8.1don^thavemuchexperienceinthiskindofwork.I・Theteacheraskedthestudentstheyhadunderstoodthetext.9・Hetoldusallheknew.II•Choosetherightwordtothefollowingsentences.1・Thenewshewaskidnappedsurprisedusgreatly・A.whatB・thatC.whyD.when2.Nantongisnolongerusedtobetenyearsago.A.howB.whatC.thatD.where3・Hissuggestionthemeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.A.whichB.thatC./D.it4.Thethoughthemightfailintheexamworriedhim.A.whenB.whichC.whatD.that5.Tomisgreatlydifferentfromhewaswhenhewasyoung.A.whatB.howC.whereD.that6.Heoftenaskedmethequestiontheworkwasworthdoing.A.whetherB.讦C.thatD.when7.FathermadeapromiseIpassedtheexaminationhewouldbuymeabike.A.thatB.讦C.whetherD.thatif8.Thequestionweneedithasnotyetbeenconsidered・A.讦B.whetherC.thatD.which9.Evecomeheretofindsomeone,butTmnotsureistheoneIwanttofind・A.whateverB・whoeverC・whoD.whom10.breaksthelawshouldbepunished・A.AnyoneB.WhoC.WhoeverD.Whatever11.ItwasquitenoisythereandIcouldnlhear・A.howhesaidB・thathesaidC.whathesaidD.anythingwhichhesaid12.Canyoutellmetherailwaystation? A.howIcangettoB.howcanIgettoC・whereIcangettoD.wherecanIgettoIH.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish* 1.他姐姐是个歌星，这大家都知道.2.他在门口告诉我们的事真令人兴奋.3・她无论说什么都不能感动我们.1.下周日是否去野炊取决于那天是否天好.2.请告诉我你是怎么做这道难题的.练习（二）1•Sheisarichwomanisknowntoallinthecity.A./B.ThatC.WhoD.Because2.MycousinaskedmeIcouldlendhimtheChinesenovel.A.whetherB./C.thatD.which3.Thedifficultyliesinwehavenomoney・A.thatB.whichC.thefactD.thefactthat4.Thefacthewassuccessfulproveshisability.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.why5/4Whatareyoudoinghere,Joan?，，Robertasked.A.RobertaskedJoan:whatsheisdoingthere・B・RobertaskedJoanwhatshewasdoingthere.C.Robertaskedherwhatwasshedoingthere.D.RobertaskedJoanshewasdoingwhatthere・6・IsafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage・A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It7.Theyhavenoideaatall.A.wherehashegoneB.whichplacehehasgoneC・wherehehasgoneD・wheredidhego8.Thereasonhehasbeensuchasuccesshenevergivesup.A.isbecauseB・iswhatC・isthatD.is9・Mathematicsisthebaseofallothersciences.A.ThisisbecauseB.ThisisthatC.ItisthatD.Because10.Chinaisbecomingstrongerandstronger.ItisnolongerA.whatitusedtobeC.whatitusedtobeingA.whatitwasusedtobeingD.whatitwasusedtobe11.Thereasonwhyhehasn"tcomeis.A.becausehismotherisillB.becauseofhismother^beingillC.thathismotherisillD・forhismotherisill12.ThemanaskedA.whatwasgoingonthereC.what’sgoingonthere13.B.whatitwasgoingonthereD.whatgoingonthereleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelight.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who14.Itwaspossible,butnotprobablemanagerofthefirm.A.hewillbeelectedB・hemustbeelectedB.thathewouldbeelectedD.thathemustbeelected15・It‘suncertaintheexperimentisworthdoing・A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.how16.Ihavewillbeyourssoonerorlate匚 D.ThatD.whatA.NomatterwhatB.NomatterwhateverC.Whatever16.FI1eatyougiveme.A.nomatterwhatB.nomatterwhateverC・whatever 1&Ican"tunderstandishewantstochangehismind.A.That;thatB.Which;whatC.What;whatD.What;why19.1wonderhowmuch•A.costtheseshoesB.dotheseshoescostC.theseshoescostD.aretheseshoescost20.1willacceptthegiftisnoneofyourbusiness・A.IfB.WhetherC.WhatD.Which21.Wecouldseethetowerclearlyfromwewerestanding.whereB.thereC.whichD.it22.thereislifeonanotherplanetisalmostimpossible・A.HowB.ThatC.WhyD.Whether23.Thedemandtheworkersaskforhigherwagesseemedreasonable.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.when24.wasawell-knownfact.A.ThattheirteamwasweakC.TheirteamwasweakA.ThattheirteambeingweakD・Iftheirteamwasweak25.Hasitbeenannouncedtheplanesaretotakeoff?A.whenB.whatC.whereD.who26.Nobodyknew•A.wherehecomesB.wherehewasfromC.whereheisfromD.wheredoeshecomefrom27.Fatherasked.A.whatwaswrongwithmeB.whafswrongwithmeB.whatwrongwaswithmeD・whatwrongiswithme28.Thetroubleisweareshortoftools-A.whatB.thatC.howD.whythat29.ltispossiblehemisunderstoodIsaid.A.that;thatB.what;whatC.what;thatD.that;what3O.Thefactheisanorphaniswellknown.A.whatB.thatC.whichD./3LIwasfreethatevening.A.IthappenedtoB.IthappenedthatC.ThathappenedD.Itwashappenedthat32.inthenewspaperthattheJapaneseMinisterwillarrivenextMonday・A.ItsaysB.ItissaidC.IthassaidD.Heissaid33.ComradeWangistogiveusatalkonhesawandheardinBritain・A.whatB.allwhatC.thatD.which34.Theproblemiswillgo.A.thatB.thatwhoC.whoD.whoever35.nothingtodowithus.A.WhathedidisB.WhathehasdoneC.WhatdidhedoD.Whathehasdonehas36.Thereasonis1missedthebus.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what37.Thatiswewereabsentlasttime・A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what3&isannounced,alltheschoolswillreopensoon.A.ItB.ThatC.AsD.When 39.isannouncedthatalltheschoolswillreopensoon.A.ItB.ThatC.WhichD.As4O.Shewillgiveneedshelpawarmsupport.A.whatB.whichC.whoeverD.whom41.sheneedsistohaveagoodrest.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhoeverD.Thethingswhat42.Theycouldn^understandIrefused.A.whatB.whyC.thatD.where43•IamanxioustoknowiswecanvisittheMuseum.What;thatB.What;whenC.That;whereD.Where;when44.waslying.A.ThosewhotoldyouthatB.AnyonetoldyouC.WhoevertoldyouD.Whoevertoldyouthat45.Aman"sworthliesnotsomuchinhehasasinheis.A.that;whatB.what;whatC.that;thatD・what;that46..shallfinishtheworkbeforeMayDayispossible・A.WhatweB.ThatweC.BecauseweD.We47.Jhavenotfoundmybikeyet;infact,IcouldhavedonewithitFmnotsure・A.whereB.whetherC.howD.what48.Itisdoubtfulheknowsitornot.A.whetherB.whatC.whenD.that49.Itwashesaiddisappointedmemost・A.what,thatB.that,thatC.what,whatD.that,what50-■一Irangyouataboutten,buttherewasnoreply.■一Oh,thatwasprobablyIwasseeingthedoctor.A.whenB.whyC.whatD.that练习（一）Il.What;2.That;3.where;4.that;5.what;6-where;7.What;8.whether;9.whatIIl・B;2.B;3・B;4.D;5・A;6・A;7・D;8・B;9.C;10.C;ll.C;12.AIII1.Thathissisterisasingingstarisknowntousall.2.Whathetoldusatthegatewasreallyexciting.3.Wharevershesaidcouldn^tmoveus.4.Whetherwe"llgoforapicnicnextSundaydependsonwhetheritwillbefineornot.5.Pleasetellmehowyouworkedoutthedifficultproblem.练习（二）1-5BADAB21-25ABBAA41-46BBBDB6-10DCCAA26-30BABDB46-50BBAAA11-15CACCC31-35BBACD16-20CCDCB36-40ACCAC