高考英语语法专题讲解-定语从句同位语从句强调句 9页

高考英语语法专题讲解-定语从句、同位语从句、强调句1.定语从句1.1三步思考：（1）找出先行词；（2）看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；（3）选择合适的关联词。1.2何时用that？何时用which？1.2.1只能用that的3种情况：（1）先行词被序数词最高级，以及theonly、theverythesame、thelast修饰过.（2）先行词为all、everything、nothing等不定代词.（3）先行词同时是人和物并列时.e.g.LatermyfatherandMr.Crossettalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedinschool.1.2.2只能用which的情况：（1）介宾短语（2）指代前面的一件事e.g.Hetalkedofitinarudewaywhichmademeannoyed.1.3关系代词as（正如…）1.3.1as在定语从句中作主语e.g.Asappearfromherpaper,shehasreadwidelyinRomanticliterature.Wehavefoundsuchmaterialasisusedintheirfactory.(非同一块材料)Wehavefoundsuchmaterialthatisusedintheirfactory.(同一块材料)1.3.2as在定语从句中作宾语e.g.Sheisremarkable,asIhavetoldyou.ShewearstheclothesasshedidlastSunday.(穿的是同一件)Shewearstheclothesashersisterdoes.(穿的不是同一件)9 1.3.3as在定语从句中作表语e.g.Hewasnotthesamepersonashe(was).(省略从句谓语时只能用as)=Hewasnotthesamepersonthathewas.1.3.4as的固定用法:Asweknow,=Asisknowntoallthat/Asisknowntoall,…1.4allthat和whatAllthatIknowisthathehasmadeuphismindtoheavethecountryforanewplace.that引导定语从句that引导表语从句=WhatIknowisthat……What引导主语从句1.5关系副词:where,when,why比较:ThisisthehousewhereIlived2yearsago.ThisisthehousewhichIvisited.IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.Iwillneverforgetthedaythatwespenttogether.ThereasonwhyIamcallingyouistoinviteyoutomyparty.Thereasonyougavemeyesterdaycannotbeaccepted.ThereasonisthatIwantyoutocometomyparty.表语从句ð只要在定语从句中担任状语的，就用关系副词。p.s.在判断选用关系代词或关系副词时，尤其要注意：及物动词后直接加宾语，则选关系代词；不及物动词后不可直接加宾语，则选关系副词！2.定语从句与同位语从句的区别2.1形式结构基本相同：都跟在名词或代词之后，且又常由that引导。2.2句法功能不相同:同位语从句对前一名词做补充说明，在从句中无语法位置，而定语从句所修饰词在从句中占一语法位置。9 2.3区别方法：2.3.1that是否在从句中担任成分？Thenewsthattheleaderwillcomehereisnottrue.在从句中不担任成分Thenewsthatyoutoldmelastweekisnottrue.在从句中担任宾语2.3.2在that前面加is,如果句意成立就是同位语；否则就不是。Thenewsisthattheleaderwillcomehereisnottrue.成立Thenewsisthatyoutoldmelastweekisnottrue.不成立2.3.3根据that前的名字判断同位语that前的名词必须是一个表示事实的抽象名词:fact,news,information,order,belief,reply,answer,saying,doubt,hope,idea,thought,suggestion,wish,conclusion,decision,knowledge,opinion,problem,promise,question,plan,report,truth,viewetc.定语从句前的先行词没有这个限制。2.4同位语的连接词包括:that,how,when,where,whether.！同位语从句有时会被别的词把它和名词隔开:e.gWordcamethattheyhadwonthegame.3.定语从句与强调句型的区别3.1强调词it与先行词it的判别:把Itis/was…that…去掉，如句子仍然成立则为强调句，否则不是。ItisonthemorningofMay1stthatImetLiangWeiattheairport．(强调句)ItisthefactorythatMrWangworks.(定语从句)Itisclearthatnotallboyslikefootball.(it作为形式主语的主语从句)=Thatnotallboyslikefootballisclear.9 3.2固定句型:Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that…..e.gItwasnotunitlshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedthatshewasafamousstar.=NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizethatshewasafamousstar.=OnlywhenshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizethatshewasafamousstar.强调句的倒装！强调人时，可用who代替that,但若强调时间、地点、原因、方式时，不能用when,where,why,how代替that.！强调句型不用于强调谓语、表语、since,as等引导的原因状语从句。   Heisbettertodaysincehecanwalkaroundwithoutmyhelp.->   Itisbettertodaythatheistodaysincehecanwalkaroundwithoutmyhelp.(X)   Itissincehecanwalkaroundwithoutmyhelpthatheisbettertoday.(X) 3.3其他强调方式：3.3.1as,though引导的让步状语从句:(1)Tryashewill,hecan’tsucceed.   (强调谓语)=Thoughhewilltry,hecan’tsucceed.   (2)Englishthoughhelearnt,hedidn’tlearnitwell.(强调宾语)=ThoughhelearntEnglish,hedidn’tlearnitwell.(3)Illasheis,hekeepsonworking.(强调表语)  =Thoughheisill,hekeepsonworking.3.3.2用do,did强调谓语e.gDositdown.Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.3.3.3用短语atall,onearth,intheworld,underthesun等表示强调，意思是：到底，究竟，根本。9 【定语从句同位语从句强调句专项训练】1．Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooksinterestedhimgreatlyintheschool．A．whichB．whoC．itD．that2．Hisuncleworksinafactorybicyclesaremade．A．thatB．whichC．whereD．there3．Thereisnodictionaryyoucanfindeverything．A．thatB．whichC．whereD．inthat4．Nextmonth,you’llspendinyourhometowniscoming．A．whichB．thatC．whenD．where5.Itwason12May,2008______theearthquakeofWenchuancounty,Sichuanprovimcehappened.A.sinceB.whichC.thatD.when.6．Nextmonth,you’llbeinyourhometowniscoming．A．whichB．thatC．whenD．where7．Hewantedtoknowthetimeheneededtoknow．A．thatB．whenC．whereD．what8．Thereisn’tsomuchnoiseinthecountryinbigcities．A．thatB．whichC．whereD．as9．TheycouldonlyreadsuchstorieshadbeenrewritteninsimpleEnglish．A．thatB．whichC．asD．what10.Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.　　A.while  B.that  C.when  D.as11．Crusoe’sdogbecameillanddied,madehimverylonely．A．asB．whichC．thatD．this12.Itwasnotuntilmidnight__theyreachedthecampsite.（2008重庆卷22）A.thatB.whenC.whileD.as13.There’safeelinginme___we’llneverknowwhataUFOis–notever.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what9 14．hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules．A．WhichB．WhatC．ThatD．As15.Itissaidthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities，whichistheinformation____hasbeenputforward.　　A.what  B.that  C.when  D.as16．Doyouknowtheman?A．whomIspokeB．towhoIspokeC．IspoketoD．thatIspoke17.Itisnotwhoisrightbutwhatisright______isofimportance.[2007重庆卷]A.whichB.itC.thatD.this18.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation__hewaslikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.why19.whenwasityoucalledmeyesterday?A.untilB.thatC.thenD.so20．Theknifeweusedtocutthebreadisverysharp．A．withwhichB．withitC．withthatD．which21．Hetoreupmyphotoandupsetme．A．thatB．itC．whichD．what22．Duringthedays,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns．A．followedB．followingC．tofollowD．thatfollowed23.Ican"tstandtheterriblenoise____sheiscryingloudly.A.itB.which  C.this  D.that24.Wasitbecausehewasill____heaskedforleave?A.andB.thatC.that’sD.so25．Youcantakeanyseatisfree．A．whichB．whereC．thatD．inwhich26.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise____hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether9 27.Thesewildflowersaresospecial___Iwoulddo____Icantosavethem.A.that…whateverB.that…thatC.which…whateverD.as…whichever28.Occasionsarequiterare______Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.（2008山东） A.who  B.which   C.why   D.when29.I’llgiveyoumyfriend’shomeaddress,______Icanbereachedmostevenings.（2008北京） A.which               B.when  C.whom               D.where30.Themanpulledoutagoldwatch,______weremadeofsmalldiamonds.（2008陕西） A.thehandsofwhom B.whomthehandsof C.whichthehandsof       D.thehandsofwhich31.Ihavenoidea____hewillstart.　　A.when  B.that  C.whatD./32.I"vecomefromthegovernmentwithamessage____themeetingwon"tbeheldtomorrow.　　A.if  B.that  C.whetherD.which33.Heoftenaskedmethequestion____theworkwasworthdoing.　　A.whetherB.where  C.that      D.when34.Oneofthemheldtheview__thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatD.whether35．Doyouknowthereasonhewaslate?A．thatB．whichC．forwhatD．forwhich36．Wehopetogetsuchatoolheisusing．A．whichB．asC．thatD．where37．Isthereanyoneinyouclassfamilyisinthecity．A．whoB．who’sC．whichD．whose38．Isoxygentheonlygashelpsfireburn?A．thatB．/C．whichD．it39．Ioftenthoughtofmychildhood,Ilivedonafarm．A．whichB．whereC．whenD．who40．Isthereanythingtoyou．A．thatisbelongedB．thatbelongsC．whichbelongsD．thatbelong9 41．Thefactorywe’llvisitnextweekisn’tfarfromhere．A．whereB．inwhichC．whichD．towhich42．Myhometownisnolongerthesameitusedtobe．A．whichB．asC．thatD．like43．Johngotbeateninthegame,hadbeenexpected．A．asB．thatC．whatD．who44．IssomeGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?A．thisschoolB．thistheschoolC．thisschooloneD．thisschoolwhere45.ItwasAliceandherhusbandwhosavedtheoldman,_______?A.wasn’titB.wasitC.didn’ttheyD.didthey46.Whenaskedtoexplain______madehislessonssoexciting,theteachekeptsilent.A.whatitisthatB.thatwhatitisC.whatisitthatD.thatwhatisitraise、rise和arise的区别前两个都有升起，抬起，上升的意思。rise是不及物，太阳升起thesunrisesarise很少用到，人站立peopleariseraise是及物，举手raisethehand区别在于：raise是及物动词，后面一定要加宾语。9 而rise是不及物动词，后面不能加宾语。另外，rise可以表示太阳的升起，比如日出：sunrise；不仅如此，在美国英语中，常用rise表示起立或着起床。arise表示“出现，产生”，一般指不好的事情。比如，危险出现了，不好的后果产生了，可以用这个词。与上面两个次只是形近。1.raise提起，使升高，引起，扬起，提高，增加，筹款，召集，提出，养育。如：raiseone"shand举手;raisecrops种庄稼;raiseabuilding造起一座房子;raiseacloudofdust扬起一片尘土;raiseone"svoice提高嗓音;raisefunds筹集资金;raiseaquestion提出问题;Theyraisetheflageverymorning他们每天早上升旗.2.rise上升，升高，上涨，指有形的东西。如：Thesunrisesintheeast.3.arise开始发生，出现。指有形的东西，常用抽象名词作主语：都用在借喻中，不能用被动。如Seriouscomplicationsmayarisefromthissuddenchangeofplans.突变的计划可能会导致严重的纠纷9