湖北省武汉市第十四中学2016年高三英语语法填空专题训练和解题技巧(含答案) 11页

高中语法填空专练练及解题技巧（含答案）解“语法填空”题的一般步骤是:一、浏览全文把握语篇浏览全文的目的是把握其大意，为下一步“填空"做好“语义""上的准备，因为“语义""决定着空白处应填一个什么意思的词语并采用什么样的语法形式。在通读全文的过程屮，为较好地把握其大意，很有必要弄清该文的体裁、题材（语题）、中心思想、写作主线、段落大意、段落层次等。这些有利于考生真正读懂全文大意，也有利于在“填空”时进行必要的逻辑推理。二、边读边填先易后难在通读全文，基本了解文章大意之后，就可以动手填空了。填空的过程是一个判断空白处应填词语的“语义"’（已给出词语的除外）和正确的语法“形式”的思维过程。遇到一时想不起来的空，先跳过去，等检查时再仔细对付，不要用太多的时间停留在一个单词上。三、验证复查清除难点有时间的话，进行复查是必要的。复查的方法是：将所有答案“填进”短文并进行通读，以最后确定答案。另外，一题多解也是此种题型常遇到的问题之一。技巧指导语法填空是近年来高考英语科新推岀的一种题型，这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。本题型分两种情况：一种为己给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示。木人就这两种情况进行了深入的研究，总结出十三条语法填空的解题技巧。一、已给单词提示题型的技巧此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。技巧一：名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。彳列1:Therearemanystudentslivingatschool,the（child）housesareallfarfromschool.由students-词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式复数的所有格ehildren^o技巧二：动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化（时态、语态、语气），有非谓语的变化（不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）。例2：Atalk（give）tomorrowiswrittenbyProfessorZhang.句中的is是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来"作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断岀横线所在处用give的不定式被动式tobegiveno技巧三：代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三人类五小类，即人称代词（主格和宾格）、物主代词（形容词性和名词性）、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如noone/none.other/another等。例3：Thekingdecidedtoseethepainterby（he）.由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himselfo技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。英语中人部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀和・est,或在词前加more/less和most/least,且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the。例4：Iam(tall)thanLiuWen.Heisthetalleststudentsinmyclass. _此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的学生，那“我"肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller,只能用表示程度不如的Tesstall"。技巧五：数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one/two的特殊变化形式once/twiceo例TomythreesonsIleavemyseventeenhorses・Myeldestsonshalltakeahalf,mysecondsonshalltakea(three).从上下文连续起來理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得ahalf,也就是“一半"或“二分那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填人作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。技巧六：词的派生。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。例6：Liouslosthiswalletyesterday,sohewasvery(happiness).在这道题屮，学生很容易判断出该用形容词，由此可知将happiness还原成词根happy；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un・，就成了unhappy。二、未给单词提示题型的技巧此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。技巧七：固定短语结构。根据句屮横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。例7：Thechildrenwereplayingontheground,enjoying,dirtybuthappy.从句中的happy可以猪出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enjoyoneself短语，故其答案为themselves0例8：Hisbosswasangryastofirehim.如果“跳过”横线后面的angry,就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so...asto,所以，so是正解。技巧八：从句引导词。从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。例9：Hedidnotdohisfatherhadaskedhimtodo.审题可知，横线所在旗鬲从句的引导词，此引导词在从句中充当宾语，且指物，所以是whato例10:Thosewanttogotothevillagemustsignhere.经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those,且指人，所以只能填入whoo技巧九：短语动词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。例11：TheUSconsistsfiftystates.根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由……组成”，所以答案是OfO例12：MrsBakerwasill,soherdaughterhadtoaskforleavetotakeofher.生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care,与前后词构成takecareof□技巧十：短语介词结构。短语介词即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语，如：exceptfor,dueto等。例13：MrSmithtookaplanetoLondonoftakingatrain.此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此両“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案为instead,以构成介词短语insteadof。 例14：Justthen,hesawablackboardinofhim・细心观察，可以看出填入front即可构成infrontof,此题得解。技巧:连词、关联短语结构。常"用的连词有and,or,but,so,for,whi1e等，常用的关联短语有both...and,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso等。例15：LittlcWangJuncouldnotgotoschool,hisfamilywastoopoor・此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for。例16：MarrieandJannielikegoingtothetheatre.横线处的词与后面可以构成both...and,故答案为Botho技巧十二：冠词、介词和常用的副词。冠词只能是在a,an,the之间判断；常用的介词有in,at,on,before,during等，通常考查固定搭配；畐9词的量还是比较多,如：however,never,yet,much等，但一般不会考查Ty形式的方式副词（见技巧六一一形容词派生副词的情况）。例17：Jackielikestodriveathighspeed.这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，话桑为a,构成atahighspeed,“以高速”开车。例18：OldTom，sgrand-danghtcrusedtovisithimSaturdayafternoon.Saturdayafternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in,而用on才是止解。例19：ThoughLiuQiangdidthesameworkZhangWendid,hegotalowerpayZhang第一条横线可由前面的thesanle判断出用as,第二条横线则可由lower判断出比较意义，故答案为thano例20：Itwasonlyonedayleft,,hisfatherhadnoideatoanswerhim.观察上下句，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but,所以答案是however。技巧十三：上下文中出现的相关词。这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文；关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个己出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的，地方一一上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。例21：Tonytravellingabroad,butdislikesstayinghomewatchingTV.由第二句话屮的dislikes可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义词likeso语法填空作为一种新颖的题型，能全面地考查学生的英语综合应用能力。上述十三条技巧概括了此题型的多数考查方向，在高考备考复习中能起到很好的加强作用，真正做到事半功倍，较大地提高学生在此题型上的得分率。希望能帮到你。 语法填空专练（一）阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号屮的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)(1)UsingGarbageasaFuelGarbagecanbeagoodfueltouse.Thethingsingarbagedonotlook1coal,petroleum,ornaturalgas,—2theyarechemicallysimilartothesefossilfuels(料).Asweuseupourfossilfuelsupplies,wemightbeabletousegarbageas3energysource・Burninggarbageisnotanewidea・SomecitiesinEuropeandtheUnitedStates4_(burn)garbageforyears.Theheatthatisproducedbyburninggarbageisusedtoboilwater.Thesteam5isproducedisusedtomakeelectricityortoheatnearbybuildings.InParis,France,somepowerplantsburnalmost2millionmetrictonsofthecity^sgarbageeachyear.The6ofenergyproducedisaboutthesameaswouldbeproducedbyburningalmostahalfmillionbarrelsofoil!Butthereareproblemsinusinggarbageasafuel.Garbagethatburns7(easy),suchasfoodandpaper,mustbeseparatedfrommetals,glass,andothermaterialsthatdonotbumeasily.Anotherproblemisthatburninggarbagecan8_theair.Ourfossilfuelsuppliesare9.Burninggarbagemightbeonekindofenergysourcethatwecanusetohelpmeetourenergyneeds.Thismethodcouldalsoreducetheamountofgarbage10(pile)upontheearth.(2)TheStoryofMyLifebyHelenKelleristhemost—1(influence)bookinmylife.Itisfilledwithcourage,struggleandfaiththroughout.HelenKellerwasonceindeepdespairinher_2,butfinallyshedecidedtoovercomeherphysicaldefectsandlivehappily・Furthermore,sheshowedgreatpatience—3herlongandhardlearningperiod・Ihavelearned,aboveall,threelessonsfromherstory.First,shetaughtmethatoftentheroadtosuccessistofacehardships—4(bravety).Maybeyouarebomunderanillstaryetyoucanstandabetterchance—5others.Itisthereforeimportantthatyouscrewupyourcourage_6courageisneeded・Second,theimpairmentofpartofhersensesdidnotstop—7learning:onthecontrary,shehadmadecontinual—8togodeeperintotherealmofknowledge,andherperseverancehadthushelpedherovercomemanyhandicaps・_9,sheadvisedthatweshouldmakethemostofoursense-organsasifwe—10(lose)themsoonbecausethiswaywewouldobservetheworldmorecarefullythaneverbefore. (1)Thevillagersalllookforwardto(benefit)fromtherailwaytobebuiltintheirvillage・(2)Itjustrains(slight)•Itdoesn"tmatterwhetheryoubringyourumbrellaornot.(3)amazedmemostwasthatthelittlegirlcouldplaytheviolinsowell.(4)Thetrainrunstheforestsandthemountains.(4)Mostscientiststhinktheuniversebeganwitha"BigBangn[4.5and3.8billionyearsago,thedustsettledinto2solidglobe,3explodedwithfireandrockandformedtheearth，atmosphere・Asthewaterappearedontheearth,the4(harm)gasesandacidswasdissolvedintotheoceansandseas,whichmadeitpossibleforlife5(develop)ontheearth・Manymillionsofyears6.thefirstplanetsappearedonthewaterandtheyproducedoxygen.Thankstotheoxygen,allkindsoflife7(appear)ontheearth.Until2.6millionyearsago,thehumanbeing"sancestorsbegantodevelopallovertheearthoneafteranother.Buttheir8(activity)producedtoomuchdioxideintotheair.9(cause)globalwanningproblem・Sotheearthwillbe10danger.三、语法填空专练(二)(1)IntheUnitedStates,therewere222people1(report)tobebillionaires(亿万富翁)in2003.The2oftheseisBillGates,worthatleast$41billion,whomadehismoney3startingthecompanyMicrosoft.Mr.Gateswasonly21yearsold4hefirsthelpedtosetupthecompanyin1976・Hewasabillionaire5thetimehewas31.6,therearestillsomeotherpeoplewhohavemadelotsofmoneyateven7(young)ages.OtheryoungpeoplewhohavestruckitrichincludeJackieCooganandShirleyTemple・8ofthesechildactorsmadeoveramilliondollars9(act)inmoviesbeforetheywere14.But10youngestbillionaireisAlbertvonThurnundTaxisofGermany,who,in2001,inherited(继承)abilliondollarswhenheturned18!(2)Finishingtheirshoppingatthemall,acouplediscoveredthattheirnewcar1(steal)•Theyfiledareport2thepolicestationandadetectivedrovethem3totheparkinglottolookforevidence・Totheir4(amaze),thecarhadbeenreturned5therewasanoteinitthatsaid:Tapologizefortaking yourcar.MywifewashavingababyandIhadtorushhertothe6.Pleaseforgettheinconvenience・Therearetwotickets7tonightsManiaTwainconcert?5Theirfaithinhumanityrestored.Thecoupleattended8concert.Butwhentheyreturnedhome,theyimmediatelyfound9theirhousehadbeenransacked(洗劫).Onthebathroommirrorwas10note:Thavetoputmykidthroughcollegesomehow,don"tI?"(3)People1(live)indifferentcountriesmadedifferentkindsofwords.Todaythereareaboutfifteenhundred2intheworld.Eachcontainsmanythousandsofwords.Averylargedictionary,forexample,containsfour3fivehundredthousandwords.Butwedonotneed4these.Toreadshortstoriesyouneedtoknowonlyabouttwothousandwords.5youleaveschool,youwilllearnonlyonethousandormore.Thewordsyouknowarecalledyourvocabulary.Youshouldtrytomakeyourvocabulary6(big).Readasmanybooksaswecan.Therearealotofbooks7(write)ineasyEnglish.Youwillenjoythem.Whenyoumeet8newword,lookit9inyourdictionary.Yourdictionaryisyour10(much)usefulbook.(4)WhenyouareinEnglandyoumustbeverycarefulinthestreets1thetrafficdrivesontheleft.Beforeyoucrossastreetyoumustlooktotherightfirst2thentheleft.Inthemorningandintheeveningwhenpeoplegotoorcomefrom3、thestreetsareverybusy.Trafficismost4(danger)then.WhenyougobybusinEngland,youhavetobecareful,5.Alwaysrememberthetrafficmovesontheleft.Soyoumustbecareful.6(have)alookfirst,oryouwillgo7wrongway.InmanyEnglishcities,therearebigbuses8twofloors.Youcansitonthe9(two)floor.From10youcanseethecityverywell.It"sveryinteresting.(5)1artisthadasmalldaughter.Sometimeshepaintedwomen2anyclotheson,andheandhis3alwaystriedtokeepthesmallgirlout4hewasdoingthis,“Sheis5youngtounderstand^theysaid.Butoneday,whentheartist6(paint)awomanwithnoclotheson,heforgottolockthedoor,andthegirlsuddenlyranintotheroom・Hemotherranupthestairs7her,butwhenshegottotheroom,thelittlegirlwasalreadyintheroomandlookingatthewoman.8herparentswaitedforhertospeak・Forafewsecondsthelittlegirlsaid9,butthensherantohermotherandsaid10(angry),"Whydoyoulethergoaboutwithoutshoesandsocksonwhenyoudon^tletme?"(6)MostAmericansdon"tliketogetadvice1membersoftheirfamily.Theygetadvicefrom“2(strange).Whentheyneedadvice,theydon"tusuallygotopeopletheyknow・3manyofthemwriteletterstonewspapersandmagazines4giveadviceonmanydifferentsubjects5(include)familyproblems,theuseoflanguage,health,cooking,childcare,clothes,6evenonhowtobuyahouseoracar.Mostnewspapers7(regular)printlettersfromreaderswithproblems.Alongwiththelettersthereare8writtenbypeoplewhoaresupposedtoknowhowtosolvesuchproblems.Someofthesewritersaredoctors,9arelawyersoreducators・Buttwoofthemostfamouswritersofadvicearewomenwithoutspecial10 (train)forthiskindofwork.(7)Withoutproperplanning,tourismcancause1・Forexample,toomanytouristscancrowdpublicplaces2arealsoenjoyedbytheinhabitants(居民)ofacountry.Iftourismcreatetoomuchtraffic,theinhabitantswillbecome3(annoy)andunhappy.Theybegintodisliketourists4totreatthemimpolitely.Theyforget howmuchtourismcanhelpthecountry"seconomy.5isimportanttothinkaboutthepeopleofadestinationcountryand6tourismaffectsthem.Tourismshouldhelp7countrykeepthecustomsandbeautythatattractstourists-Tourismshouldalsoadvancethewealthand8(happy)oflocalinhabitants・Toomuchtourismcanbeaproblem・Iftourism9(grow)tooquickly,peoplemustleaveotherjobstowork10thetourismindustry.Thismeansthatotherpartsofthecountry"seconomycansuffer.(8)Londonwasawarded12012OlympicGamesonWednesday,2(defeat)EuropeanrivalParisinthefinalroundofvotingtotakethegamesbacktoBritishcapital3thefirsttimesince1948・4Moscow,NewYorkandMadridwereeliminated(淘汰)inthefirstthreeroundsLondonbeatParis54—50onthefourthballot(投票表决)oftheIOC.InLondoncrowdscheeredandwavedflagsas5watchedtheannouncementfromSingapore6agiantscreeninTrafalgarSquareandintheeastLondonarea7themainOlympiccomplex(建筑群)willbebased.Blairspenttwodaysinlobbying(游说)inSingapore8leavingtohosttheG8summit(8国峰会)inScotiand.“Mypromisetoyouiswewillbeyourvery9(good)partners,^Blairsaid.It"sthefourthbid(申办)fromBritainafter10(fail)attemptsbyBirminghamforthe1992OlympicsandManchesterforthe1996and2000.(9)Whyissettinggoalsso1?Becausegoalscanhelpyoudo,be,andexperienceeverything2youwantinlife.Instead3justlettinglifehappentoyou,goalsallow4tomakeyourlifehappen・5(success)andhappypeoplehavesetslotsofgoalstohelpthemreachtheiraims・Bysettinggoalsyouaretakingcontrolofyourlifb.It"s6havingamaptoshowyou7youwanttogo.Winnersinlifesetgoalsandfollowthroughwiththem.Winnersdecidewhattheywantinlifeandthengettherebymakingplansand8(set)goals・Unsuccessfulpeoplejustletlifehappenbyaccident.Goalsaren"tdifficulttoset,and9aren^tdifficulttoreach.Itisuptoyoutofindoutwhatyourgoalsreallyare.Youare10onewhomustdecidewhattodoandinwhatdirectiontoaimyourlife.(10)Weoftenthinkoffuture.Weoftenwonderl_theworldwillbelikeahundredyearstime・Thinkof2space・Perhapsapermanentstationonthemoon3(setup).Perhapspeoplewillbeabletovisitthemoonas4・Cheaprocketsforspacetravelwillhavebeendeveloped,5(permit)longjourneysthroughthesolarsystem.Whenthattimecomes,peoplewillbetakingholidaysinspaceandvisiting6planets.Greatprogresswillhavebeenmade7medicine,too.Pollutionwillhavebeencontrolledinahundredyears"time.8theworldwillhavebeendeveloped—venAntarctica.Wewillhaveusedupmostoftheearth"slandtobuildourcities,9floatingcitieswillhavebeenbuilt.TheJapanesehavealreadyplansofthiskind・Andtherewillbecities10thesea. 参考答案语法填空专练（一） (1)Llike2.but3.tin4.havebeenburning5・that6.amount7.easily8・pollute9.limited10.piling垃圾是一种很好的燃料。垃圾看起来不像煤、石油或天然气，但他们的化学成分和矿物燃料类似。当我们用完矿物燃料时，我们或许可以把垃圾当作能源來用。燃烧垃圾并不是一种新的想法。欧洲和美国的一些城市燃烧垃圾已经有很多年了。燃烧垃圾产生的热量被用来烧水。产生的蒸汽则用来发电或给附近的大楼供热。在法国巴黎，一些电站每年要烧掉200万公吨的城市垃圾。产生的能量差不多相当于燃烧50万桶石油！但是以垃圾作为燃料有一些问题。有些垃圾很容易燃烧，比如食物废料和纸制品，但他们必须要和金属、玻璃和其他不容易燃烧的物质分离开。另一问题就是燃烧垃圾会污染空气。我们的矿物燃料供应有限。燃烧垃圾或许是一种能源资源，我们可以用它来满足对能源的需求。这种方法也可以减少地球上垃圾的堆积量。(2)1.influential,2.childhood,3.in,4.bravely,5.than,6.when,7.her,8.efforts,9.Third,10.wouldlose【译文】对我一生最有影响的书海伦写的《我的生活故事》是对我一生影响最大的一本书。此书全篇充满了勇气，奋斗和信仰。海伦凯勒童年时曾经一度十分消沉，但是最后她决定克服自己生理上的缺陷去快乐地生活。而且她十分耐心地完成了漫长而艰难的学习过程。最重要的是，从她的经历中，我领悟到了三个道理。首先，她教给我成功之路上经常要勇敢地而对艰难困苦。或许你一生下来身体就有缺陷，但是你依然可以得到比别人更好的机会。因此重要的是当需要勇气的时候，你必须鼓起自己的勇气。第二，她感官上的某些缺陷并没有阻止她的学习，相反地，她不断地努力去钻研知识，坚韧不拔的精神帮助她克服了很多障碍。第三，她建议我们应该很好地利用我们的感官，就好像我们马上就要失去他们一样，因为这样我们就会比以前更仔细地观察这个世界。(Key:benefiting;slightly;What;through,over)其屮(1)是关于lookforwardtodoing这个搭配;(2)考查的是形容词加・ly变成副词的构词法;(3)则涉及重点语法内容 ——名词性从句的引导词；(4)是复习两个重要的介词。这样，既可以复习已学的语法知识，又可以提高学生的解题技巧和能力。(4)1.Between2.a3.which4.harmful5・todevelop6・later7.appeared8・activities9.causing10-in语法填空专练(2)参考答案(1)1reported2richest/wealthiest3by4when5by6However7younger8Both9acting1()the(2)1hadbeenstolen2at3back4amazement5and6hospital7for8the9that10another(3)1living2languages3or4all5Before6bigger7written8a9up10most(4)1because2and3work4dangerous5too6Have7the8with9second10there(5)1An2without3wife4when/while5too6waspainting7after8Both9nothing10angrily(6)1from2strangers3Instead4that/which5including6and7regularly8answers9others10training(7)1problems2that/which3annoyed4and5It6how7a8happiness9grows10in(8)1the2defeating3for4After5they6on7where8before9best10failed(9)1important2that3of4yourself5Successful6like7where8setting9they10the(10)1what2/3willhavebeensetup4tourists/visitors/travelers5permitting6other7in8All9so/thus/therefore10under